BENNION ON STATUTORY INTERPRETATION ... - Francis Bennion

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BENNION ON STATUTORY INTERPRETATION Fifth Edition Updating Notes (Version 24, 25 Mar 2010) As to quasi-estoppel see AAA v ASH [2009] EWHC 636 (Fam), [2009] 4 All ER 641, at [81]. Page 1097 Relevant Index entry: evidence:without prejudice rule See Ofolue and another v Bossert and another [2009] UKHL 16, [2009] 3 All ER 93. Part XXIV. Application of Ancillary Legal Maxims Section 342. Double detriment: bona fides non patitur, ut his eadem exigatur Page 1116 Relevant Index entry: double jeopardy „. . . the double jeopardy rule cannot be resuscitated under the guise of the interests of justice‟: R v A [2008] EWCA Crim 2908, [2009] 2 All ER 898, at [41]. Section 343. De minimis principle: de minimis non curat lex Page 1116-1123 Relevant Index entry: de minimis non curat lex See Lt. Col. S N Saggar Ministry of Defence [2004] UKEAT 1385_01_1006 at para. 48. On the implied application of this maxim in relation to the definition of „game of chance‟ in the Gaming Act 1968 s 52(1) see R v Kelly [2008] 2 All ER 840, [2008] EWCA Crim 137, at para. 11. On the implied application of this maxim in relation to the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 s 67 see R (on the application of Warden and Fellows of Winchester College and another) v Hampshire County Council [2008] EWCA Civ 431, [2008] 3 All ER 717, at [54]. On the suggested application of this maxim see Arden LJ in Roberts v Secretary of State for Social Security [2001] EWCA Civ 910 at [8]-[15]. In criminal cases the maxim can apply in aid of the prosecution: see Briere v Hailstone [1968] 112 SJ 767 (conviction for excess speed upheld on the de minimis principle where two of the street lamps were too far apart by 1.5 yards). As to the application of the maxim in relation to administrative decisions see A and others v HM Treasury [2008] EWCA Civ 1187, [2009] 2 All ER 747, at [142]. The maxim was applied in relation to the Limitation Act 1980 s 15(1) in Port of London Authority v AshmoreI [2009] EWHC 954 (Ch), [2009] 4 All ER 665, at [37]. The maxim is applied in Australia, see: Glen Michael Belbin and Australian Maritime Safety Authority [1993] AATA 253, (1993) 18 AAR 208 (1993) 30 ALD 432, at [37]; Farnell Electronic Components Pty Ltd v Collector of Customs [1996] FCA 1135; Lloyd v Police [2004] SASC 278 at [57]-[69]; Zoran Lozevski v Goodman Fielder Consumer Foods Pty Ltd. [2004] NSWIRComm 314 at [57]-[59]. The Court of Final Appeal of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region held in Prem Singh v Director of Immigration (FACV No. 7 of 2002) at [73] that de minimis applied, together with the other common law rules of interpretation, to the Basic Law. Section 346. Impossibility: lex non cogit ad impossibilia Page 1129 Relevant Index entry: impossibility Code s 346 was approved and followed by Dyson LJ in R (on the application of Warden and Fellows of Winchester College and another) v Hampshire County Council [2008] EWCA Civ 431, [2008] 3 All ER 717, at [50], [51]. www.francisbennion.com/5th-edn 58
BENNION ON STATUTORY INTERPRETATION Fifth Edition Updating Notes (Version 24, 25 Mar 2010) Section 347. Necessity: necessitas non habet legem Pages 1133-1136 Relevant Index entry: duress For case management aspects see R. v S and I [2009] EWCA Com 85; [2009] Crim. LR 723. Section 350. Presumption of correctness: omnia praesumuntur rite et solemniter esse acta Page 1144 Relevant Index entry: correctness, presumption of Code s 350 was applied by the Federal Court of Australia in Re Sandvik Australia Pty Limited v Commonwealth of Australia and Collector of Customs [1990] FCA 386 at [12]. Judicial functions In a bail case it was said of the District Judge „[t]here is a presumption that he acted lawfully‟: R (on the application of Thomas) v Greenwich Magistrates’ Court [2009] EWHC 1180 (Admin) at [18]. Section 351. Agency:qui facit per alium facit per se Page 1146 Relevant Index entry: agency The sentence preceding Example 351.1 was followed in Midlands Co-Operative Society Ltd v HM Revenue & Customs [2008] EWCA Civ 305 at [14] and Hanoman v London Borough of Southwark [2008] EWCA Civ 624 at [37]. Section 352. Vigilance: vigilantibus non dormientibus leges subveniunt Page 1149 Relevant Index entry: time:performance, of [New entry, not in fifth edition] In ruling that a statutory matter is to be carried out within a reasonable time when the precise time is not specified, the Federal Court of Australia relied on Code s 352 together with the reference to a reasonable time on Code p. 285 in relation to Example 74.4 (see Susie Boswell v the Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade [1993] FCA 562; (1993) 118 ALR 719 (1993) 46 FCR 434, at [17]). Page 1149 Relevant Index entry: vigilantibus non dormientibus leges subveniunt Code s. 352 (formerly s. 357) was applied by the Federal Court of Australia in Re Janice Beverly Neal v Commissioner of Superannuation [1987] FCA 182 at [7]. Section 353. Volenti principle: volenti non fit injuria Page 1152 Relevant Index entry: volenti non fit injuria Example 353.4 gives an example of an enactment which recognises the principle of this maxim. Another example is the Animals Act 1971 s 5(2). Ormrod LJ said in Cummings v Granger [1977] QB 397 that the interpretation of s 5(2) should not be complicated too much with „the old, long history of the doctrine of volenti‟. Division Six. Linguistic Canons of Construction Part XXV. Linguistic Canons of Construction: General Section 354. Nature of linguistic canons of construction Page 1155 Relevant Index entry: canons of construction, linguistic:nature of The first paragraph of the Comment was cited by Lord Carswell in Re McE, Re M , Re C and another [2009] UKHL 5, [2009] 4 All ER 335, at [98]. www.francisbennion.com/5th-edn 59
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