Orlando Volpato, Delphi - AEA â€“ AssociaÃ§Ã£o Brasileira de ...

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Diesel-Ethanol vehicles emit lower levels of toxics and ozone-forming hydrocarbons, mainly because ethanol emits 8.5 times less CO2 than diesel for the same amount of energy [24]. In Brazil, there is a big demand for diesel fuel. Looking at data taken form the 2008 edition of the Mines and Energy Ministry’s National Energy Accounting (BEN 2008) [1] one can see from figures 1 and 2, that 41% of the petrol processed goes to diesel fuel production; 75% of diesel used goes to road transportation and 16% to agricultural use. Considering the energy used for transportation, the vast majority goes to road transportation 91.8%, railroad transportation accounts for 4.8% of the used energy. Considering road transportation alone, 51.6% of the energy comes from diesel fuel and about 19.4% comes from a renewable source (ethanol). The strong dependence on diesel fuel leads to some interesting import/export characteristics. Table 1, below, summarizes the import/export volumes and values for 2008. It is said that Brazil is self-sufficient in petrol. Most of Brazilian’s petrol is of heavy type, not suited for diesel production, in order to attend the demand for diesel fuel light petrol and diesel fuel is imported. We have excess heavy petrol and gasoline, which are exported. Considering the energy equivalence, in a quick calculation, the volume of petrol and fuels that are imported/exported the net result is near zero, indicating a self-sufficient condition. See table 1. Page 2 of 18 Fig. 1: Petrol derived fuels usage in Brazil
Fig. 2: Energy usage by transportation type and fuel type breakdown for road transportation Looking to the trade balance, thought, Brazil expends about 5.5 billion dollars importing petrol and fuel, corresponding to about one fifth of the trade balance of about 25 billion dollars for year 2008. See table 1. Page 3 of 18 Table 1: Brazilian petrol trade balance Considering the projections for future price of petrol, see figure 3, extracted from 2007 report of the US Department of Energy, there is strong evidence that the expenditure with fuel will increase for the next two decades.
Page 1: DIESEL-ETHANOL TECHNOLOGY Orlando V
Page 5 and 6: Fig. 4: Location of sugar-cane farm
Page 7 and 8: Page 7 of 18 Fig. 7: Consideraçõe
Page 9 and 10: Each ton of equivalent CO2 is being
Page 11 and 12: The ethanol is injected into the in
Page 13 and 14: One of the advantages of a diesel-e
Page 15 and 16: With 2.5 degCA more advanced system
Page 17 and 18: ON BIOMASS FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONME

Orlando Volpato, Delphi - AEA â€“ AssociaÃ§Ã£o Brasileira de ...

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