A GRAMMAR OF CZECH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE Karel Tahal

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Karel Tahal: A Grammar of Czech as a Foreign Language The gender of every noun must be learnt by heart. Still, there are some general tendencies that may help a foreign learner. They can be described in the following -simplified- way: Nouns ending in the vowel -a are mostly feminines. Nouns ending in the vowel -o are mostly neuters. Nouns ending in the vowel -í are mostly neuters. Nouns ending in the vowel -e may be either feminines or neuters; sometimes masculines. Nouns ending in a consonant are mostly masculines, less frequently feminines. (Chapter 33 mentions even noun patterns with different relations.) Examples: MASCULINE FEMININE NEUTER consonant -A -O stůl table kniha book slovo word dům house mapa map město town hotel hotel adresa address okno window telefon phone banka bank auto car internet internet knihovna library pero pen lístek ticket škola school rádio radio papír paper taška bag kino cinema dopis letter věta sentence číslo number text text zpráva message;news jméno name film film tužka pencil letadlo airplane jazyk language otázka question metro underground slovník dictionary chodba corridor Brno (a Czech town) obraz picture střecha roof vlak train řeka river -Í autobus bus čeština Cz.language náměstí square taxík taxi republika republic nádraží railway station výtah lift Praha Prague počasí weather most bridge Evropa Europe poschodí floor, storey obchod shop,business pokoj room Ě (-E) Ě (-E) klíč key země country letiště airport počítač computer ulice street nástupiště platform nůž knife židle chair parkoviště car park televize TV moře sea consonant věc tramvaj odpověď kancelář myš thing; matter tram answer office mouse www.factumcz.cz 20
Karel Tahal: A Grammar of Czech as a Foreign Language The gender of a noun requires the corresponding gender form even in connection with words of other classes, viz. adjectives (see more in chapter 5), e.g. m. f. n. český učitel česká učitelka české dítě Czech teacher (male) Czech teacher (female) Czech child nový slovník nová mapa nové číslo new dictionary new map new number dlouhý most dlouhá cesta dlouhé slovo long bridge long journey long word possessive pronouns (see more in chapter 7), e.g. m. f. n. můj syn moje (= má) rodina moje (= mé) vnouče my son my family my grandchild náš dům naše knihovna naše město our house our library our town demonstrative pronouns (see more in chapter 8), e.g. m. f. n. ten hotel ta univerzita to letiště the hotel the university the airport tento problém tato otázka toto řešení this problem this question this solustion pronouns that have adjectival forms, e.g. m. f. n. některý cizinec některá odpověď některé parkoviště some/a foreigner some/a answer some/a car park žádný podpis žádná adresa žádné jméno no signature no address no name most ordinal numerals (see more in chapter 11), e.g. m. f. n. čtvrtý rok čtvrtá otázka čtvrté nástupiště fourth year fourth answer fourth platform cardinal numeral “one“ (see more on the following page and in chapter 10), e.g. m. f. n. jeden pán jedna paní jedno zvíře one man one woman one animal jeden počítač jedna věc jedno poschodí one computer one thing one floor www.factumcz.cz 21
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A GRAMMAR OF CZECH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE Karel Tahal

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