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Light Perception - Material & Methods performance within or between trials or between animals, that were tested later on a testing day, mean temperature of measures made every third second was recorded every minute during ten runs of five to ten minutes (Eltek 1000 Series, Squirrel Meter/Logger; Eltek Ltd., Cambridge, UK). Temperature was measured at the two decision points of the two tunnel terminals. We also performed control tests with both sides illuminated to test for random choices under equal conditions. 2.4 Light spectrum in a tunnel 2.4.1 Study rationale In order to integrate the hitherto results on vision in Zambian mole-rats, we examined the spectral characteristics of white light before and during penetration in a tunnel system. It has been just recently shown that vascular tissue in the stem and in the roots of woody plants can conduct light (Sun et al. 2003). The authors demonstrated that light can even reach the outside of these plant structures by leaking out of structures such as vessels, tracheids or fibres. While light from the visible spectrum and from the ultraviolet range is apparently badly conducted, the far-red and near infra-red region (i.e. beyond 720 nm) seems to be conducted the most efficiently. This effect certainly comes with the long wavelength character of these regions, as longer wavelengths are generally propagated better than shorter ones due to the few contact points of their broader waves with the outer substrate and thus due to the smaller attenuation that they undergo. Subterranean burrow systems are a vastly unknown territory, and the possibility of hitherto not discovered ways of conductance of certain wavelengths - such as the above mentioned findings (Sun et al. 2003) - of sunlight into the earth show the importance of examining wavelength properties underground. 2.4.2 Study procedure The experiments were conducted on a winter afternoon in a room without ceiling lights to avoid photic contamination. Light intensity within the room was approximately 2.6 µmol photons −2 −1 ⋅ m ⋅ s , thus below low daylight intensities. Wavelength propagation/attenuation was measured in a T-maze (fig. A6). The main tunnel was filled with horticultural peat, attempting to create a soil-surrounded tunnel within the plastic maze. 20
Light Perception - Material & Methods The maze was tightly closed against light except of the T-shaped maze part where the light was positioned (fig. A6). Here, an area of about 5 cm x 5 cm was being left open, imitating the opening of a tunnel roof (e.g. as happens when a tunnel is damaged or broken from above by a predator or by mole-rat hunters). Light intensity under this hole was 0.06 µmol photons HALOGEN LAMP STAND −2 −1 ⋅ m ⋅ s under natural light conditions. The sides of this maze part adjacent to the opening were covered with thick, black, light impervious paper sheets. White light was produced by a halogen lamp. This lamp was positioned above the tunnel opening at different heights (80, 60, 40, 20 and 10 cm) to create diverse light intensities from daylight to sunlight. DISTANCE LID BLOCK FIBRE Fig. A6 T-maze for measurements of light propagation in a tunnel. All maze tunnel parts were 9 x 9 cm in height and width. The main tunnel was 100 cm long, the T-shaped tunnel 120 cm. The tunnels were closed. The white light source, a halogen lamp, was positioned at different heights over the opening in the T-shaped tunnel’s middle by moving it vertically on a stand. During these measures, the spectrometer fibre was positioned directly under the lamp. With the lamp positioned at 10 cm above the tunnel opening, the spectrometer was positioned at different distances from the junction in the main tunnel, fixated on a block. 21
Page 1 and 2: Sensory Ecology of Electromagnetic
Page 3 and 4: Non quia difficilia sunt audemus, s
Page 5 and 6: L I S T O F C O N T E N T S I S U M
Page 7: IV R É S U M É & O U T L O O K
Page 10 and 11: Zusammenfassung II ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Page 12 and 13: General Introduction Fukomys mole-r
Page 14 and 15: General Introduction III.3 Sensory
Page 16 and 17: General Introduction electromagneti
Page 18 and 19: Light Perception - Introduction pro
Page 20 and 21: Light Perception - Introduction The
Page 22 and 23: Light Perception - Material & Metho
Page 32 and 33: Light Perception - Results Number o
Page 34 and 35: Light Perception - Results Table A1
Page 36 and 37: Light Perception - Results 3.3 Ligh
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Page 48 and 49: Magnetoreception - Introduction mag
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Magnetoreception - Material & Metho
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Magnetoreception - Results 3 RESULT
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Magnetoreception - Results Table B5
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Magnetoreception - Results Fig. B18
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Magnetoreception - Results Results
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Magnetoreception - Results Figure B
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Magnetoreception - Discussion compa
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Magnetoreception - Discussion Magne
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Magnetoreception - Discussion by th
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Magnetoreception - Discussion invol
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Magnetoreception - Résumé & Outlo
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References V REFERENCES Arendt D, T
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References Brett RA (1991) The ecol
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References David-Gray ZK, Bellingha
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References Heth G, Nevo E & Beiles
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References Kirschvink JL & Gould JL
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References Mattis DC (1965) The the
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References Oelschläger HA & Northc
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References Rado R, Terkel J & Wollb
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References Sharp PE, Blair HT & Cho
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References Williams MN & Wild JM (2
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Appendix VI APPENDIX A Abbreviation
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Figure legend B Figure legends Fig.
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Table legend C Table legends Table
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Wavelength spectra Fig. D3 Waveleng
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Wavelength spectra Fig. D7 Spectral
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The rat brain hippocampus E The rat
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ICC protocol B) GELATINE EMBEDDING
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ICC protocol iii) Adsorption contro
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ICC protocol G) DAB PREPARATION i)
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Gelatine coating and Nissl-staining
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Technorama Forum Lecture: 2000 year
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Technorama Forum Lecture: 2000 year
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Curriculum Vitae K Curriculum Vitae
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List of Publications L List of Publ
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