Air-Source vs. Water/Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems ...

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CoolEnergy.dk – March 6-7 th, 2013 – Odense, Denmark Important Operational Aspects for HPs › Energy Saving › Seasonal Performance Factor (SPF net ) › Heat pump units incl. fans and pumps › Coverage factor of annual heating demand › Reference system wrt. primary energy demand › Lifetime › El.boiler, oil-fired boiler, gas-fired boiler, bio-fired boiler, district heating or other heat pump › Mechanical wear and tear for the heat source system › Corrosion on heat exchangers, pipelines etc. › Wear and tear for compressors, motors, valves etc. › Maintenance › Components › Leakage testing etc. 10 MARCH 7TH, 2013 COWI POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
CoolEnergy.dk – March 6-7 th, 2013 – Odense, Denmark Heating Cap. vs. Evaporation Temperature, t E Relative Relativ heating kondensatoreffekt capacity (-) (-) 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 R410A R407C R134a R744 (CO2) (CO2) R717 (NH3) (NH3) R290 (propan) (propane) -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 Evaporation Fordampningstemperatur Temperature, (°C) t E (°C) Single-stage unit – t C =45 °C – compressor efficiencies not incl. › The heating capacity drops 3-4 % for each °C reduction in t E › Reduced vapour density of the suction gas and with that lower mass flow rate, m R (kg/s), at reduced t E › Decreasing compressor efficiency (λ) at increasing pressure ratio (π) › Lowest relative drop in heating capacity for: › R744 (CO 2 ), R410A and R290 (propane) 11 MARCH 7TH, 2013 COWI POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
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Air-Source vs. Water/Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems ...

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