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Chapter I
commercial shipping; US privately owned, foreign flag commercial shipping; and foreign
owned and operated commercial shipping. With respect to sealift, Commander, United
States Transportation Command (CDRUSTRANSCOM), is delegated authority to procure
commercial transportation services and, with the approval of SecDef, to activate the
Maritime Administration Ready Reserve Force and the VISA.
For more information on common-user sealift, see JP 4-01.2, Sealift Support to Joint
Operations.
(3) Pre-positioned force, equipment, or supplies programs are both land and
sea-based. They are critical programs for reducing closure times of combat and support
forces needed in the early stages of a contingency. They also contribute significantly to
reducing demands on the DTS.
For more information on pre-positioned stocks, see JP 4-01, The Defense Transportation
System.
c. Other mobility considerations. Other transportation resources may be available to a
CCDR to support deployment operations that do not fit within the context of the strategic
mobility triad. As proven in operations in Afghanistan, land transportation may augment
traditional strategic mobility capabilities. Land transportation may include road and/or rail
modes in areas where there is limited air or sea port infrastructure to meet the CCDR’s
requirements. This intratheater mode may be effective in delivering forces and sustainment
to support the CCDR’s mission.
5. Integrated Planning and Execution Process
APEX, JOPES, and the joint operation planning process (JOPP) provide the processes,
formats, and systems which link deployment and redeployment planning for joint force
projection to the execution of joint operations. The incorporation of collaboration
capabilities, relational databases, and decision-support tools promotes deployment and
redeployment planning with real-time access to relevant information and the ability to link
planners and selected subject matter experts regardless of their location.
a. JOPES use is directed for planning and executing all deployment and redeployment
operations. JOPES has three operational activities: situation awareness, planning, and
execution. JOPES provides the process, structure, reports, plans, and orders that orchestrate
the JPEC’s delivery of the military instrument of national power.
b. JOPP describes the common activities needed to plan missions across the full range
of military operations and defines the required military capabilities and timelines that set the
framework for deployment/redeployment planning. It applies to both supported and
supporting JFCs and to joint force component commands when the components participate in
joint planning. This process is designed to facilitate interaction between the commander,
staff, and subordinate headquarters (HQ) throughout planning. JOPP helps commanders and
their staffs organize their planning activities, share a common understanding of the mission
and commander’s intent, and develop effective plans and orders. This planning process
applies to deliberate planning and CAP within the context of the responsibilities specified by
I-8 JP 3-35