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Risk Assessment – History and Future

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Perturbation of toxicity pathways<br />

Exposure<br />

Low Dose<br />

Tissue Dose<br />

Biologic Interaction<br />

Perturbation<br />

Higher Dose<br />

Higher yet<br />

Biologic<br />

Inputs<br />

Normal<br />

Biologic<br />

Function<br />

Early Cellular<br />

Changes<br />

How do we distinguish<br />

adaptive versus adverse<br />

(toxic) responses?<br />

Adaptive Stress<br />

Responses<br />

Cell<br />

Injury<br />

Morbidity<br />

<strong>and</strong><br />

Mortality

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