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8. In the following reaction, lactose is a(n): Lactose ---lactase- galactose + glucose A. Substrate B. Product C. Enzyme D. Active site 9. In the above reaction, lactase: A. is consumed in the reaction. B. makes the reaction occur more slowly. C. catalyzes the reaction. D. is a product of the reaction 10. Penicillin is a more effective antibiotic for medical use than gramicidin primarily because: A. Bacteria are less likely to develop resistance to penicillin. B. Gramicidin is harder to mass produce than penicillin. C. Gramicidin does not kill bacteria effectively. D. Gramicidin is toxic when taken internally. 11. Attenuated vaccines contain: A. live but weakened viruses B. only DNA C. only antigens D. only antibodies 12. Which of the following enzymes is used to curdle milk? A. rennin B. insulin C. lactase D. galactosidase 13. Microorganisms added to dairy products to begin the fermentation process are referred to as the: A. substrate B. product C. starter culture D. enzyme inhibitor 14. A suppressive soil is one with: A. a healthy population of microbes that are beneficial to plants. B. few or no antibiotic-producing microorganisms. C. frequent outbreaks of plant disease. D. no pathogens.
15. An antigen is a substance that stimulates the formation of: A. antibiotics B. more antigens C. vaccines D. antibodies 16. Antibiotic resistance: A. only applies to penicillin B. occurs when a microorganism stops producing an antibiotic. C. seems to be decreasing over time D. occurs in part as a result of the improper use of antibiotics. 17. Recombinant vaccines are safer than vaccines made by traditional methods because recombinant vaccines: A. Include whole cells B. Contain many different pathogens in a single injection C. Are living D. Do not contain disease-causing agents 18. A reporter gene might be: A. used to identify a fragment of RNA B. used to show that the promoter of a target gene has been turned on C. labeled with 32 P D. used as a genotypic marker 19. Which of the following is not an example of a phenotypic property: A. the genetic makeup of an organism B. the ability to resist and antibiotic C. the ability to produce light D. the size and shape of a cell 20. The “dead zone” in the Gulf of Mexico is due primarily to: A. herbicides and pesticides that poison fish B. excessive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water C. high populations of fish pathogens D. insufficient algal growth to support fish populations
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