Historical Tripos, Part I Paper 17 European History 1715-1890

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places of am emergent national public sphere. While the new themes and forms of national political culture were developed in the first half of the century, this topic also demonstrates how local, religious, and civic identities persisted and competed with ideas and representations of the ‘nation’ to the end of the century. 24 Realism i. General introductions and background L. Nochlin, Realism (1971) L. Nochlin (ed.), Realism and Tradition in Art: Sources and Documents (1966) C. Rosen, H. Zerner, Romanticism and Realism: The Mythology of Nineteenth- Century Art (1984) J. Matlock ‘Censoring the Realist Gaze’ in C. Prendergast, M. Gohen (eds.), Spectacles of Realism (1995), pp.28-65. R. Rosenblum and H.W. Janson, Art of the Nineteenth Century: Painting and Sculpture (1984) S.F. Eisenmann (ed.), Nineteenth century art: a critical history (1994) A. Boime, Art in an Age of Civil Struggle, 1848-71 (2007) J.W. Burrow, The Crisis of Reason: European Thought 1848-1914 (2002) ii. Literature and spectacle E. Auerbach, Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature (1956) S. Bann, The Clothing of Clio: A Study of the Representation of History in Nineteenth- Century Britain and France (1984) K. Flint, The Victorians and the Visual Imagination (2000) C. Gallagher, The Industrial Reformation of English Fiction: Social Discourse and Narrative from 1832 to 1867 (1985) F.W.J. Hemmings, Culture and Society in France, 1848-1898: Dissidents and Philistines (1971) G. Lukaćs, Studies in European Realism (1950) T. Kontje (ed.) A Companion to German Realism, 1848-1900 (2002) C. Prendergast, The Order of Mimesis: Balzac, Stendhal, Nerval, Flaubert (1986) M. Samuels, The Spectacular Past: Popular History and the Novel in Nineteenth- Century France (2002) K. Tillotson, Novels of the Eighteen-Forties (1954) M. Vicinus, The Industrial Muse: A Study of Nineteenth-Century Working Class Literature (1974) D. Walder (ed.), The Realist Novel (1996) I. Williams, The Realist Novel in England: A Study of its Development (1974) iii. Visual arts M. Agulhon, Marianne into Battle: Republican Imagery and Symbolism in France 1789- 1880(1981) A. Boime, The Academy and French Painting in the Nineteenth Century (1971) M.F. Braive, The Era of the Photograph; A Social History (1966) T.J. Clark, The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and his Followers (1985) T.J. Clark, The Image of the People: Gustave Courbet and the 1848 Revolution (1973) T.J. Clark, The Absolute Bourgeois: Artists and Politics in France 1848-51 (1973) L. Des Cars, The Pre-Raphaelites: Romance and Realism (2000) M. Fried, Menzel’s Realism: Art and Embodiment in Nineteenth-Century Berlin (2002) 20
F.D. Klingender, Art and the Industrial Revolution (1966) P. Mainardi Art and Politics of the Second Empire: The Universal Exhibitions of 1855 and 1867 (1987) P. Paret, ‘The German Revolution of 1848 and Rethel’s Dance of Death’, R.I. Rotberg and T.K. Raab (eds), Art and History: Images and their Meaning (1986), 233-56. P. ten-Doesschate Chu, G. Weisberg (eds.), The Popularisation of Images; Visual Culture under the July Monarchy (1994) J. Wechsler, A Human Comedy: Physiognomy and Caricature in Nineteenth-Century Paris (1982) A turn towards Realism in European culture can be detected across a wide range of different art forms by the mid-nineteenth century. It has also been studied in a variety of different ways: as a rhetorical tool; as an outgrowth of Romanticism; as an expression of new technologies of representation; and as a passionate response to urban change and the plight of the poor. The history of Realism is closely entwined with the hopes and disappointments of 1848, as well as with the crisis afflicting traditional artistic institutions. Section 1 gives lists the most useful general works to help situate the subject, and clarify how the movement was understood by its champions and its detractors. Section two examines Realism in literature, theatre and public life while section three gives readings for painting and visual culture. 25 Women and gender in nineteenth century Europe i. General reading and primary sources Clark, L.L., Women and Achievement in Nineteenth-Century Europe (2008) Fuchs, R.G. and Thompson, E., Women in Nineteenth-century Europe (2004) Fraisse, G. (ed.), A History of Women in the West. Vol IV, Emerging Feminism from Revolution to World War (1995) Duby, G., and Perrot, M. (eds.), A History of Women in the West, (1994), vol 4. Smith, B.G., Changing Lives: Women in European History since 1700 (1989) Bridenthal, R., Koonz, S. and Stuard, S.M. (eds.), Becoming Visible. Women in European History (1987) Bell, S., and Offen, K. (eds.), Women, the Family & Freedom: the debate in documents, (1983); vol.1 - 1750-1880 and vol.2 - 1880-1950 Schneir, M., (ed.), Feminism: the essential historical writings, (1972) ii. Society, work and the family Beachy, R., Craig, B. and Owens, A., Women, business and finance in nineteenth-century Europe: rethinking separate spheres (2006) Troyanski, D.G., ‘‘I was Wife and Mother’: French Widows Present Themselves to the ministry of Justice in the Early Nineteenth Century’, Journal of Family History, 25, 2 (2000), pp.202-10. Simonton, D., A History of European Women’s Work 1700 to the Present (1998) Janssens, A., ‘The Rise and Decline of the Male Breadwinner Family? An Overview of the Debate’, International Review of Social History, 42 (1997), Supplement, pp.1-23 DeGroat, J.A., ‘The public nature of women’s work: definitions and debates during the Revolution of 1848’, French Historical Studies, 20,1 (1997), pp.31-47 Engle, B.A., Between the Fields and the City: Women, Work, and Family in Russia, 1861- 1914 (1996) Canning, K., Languages of Labor and Gender: Female Factory Work in Germany, 1850- 1914 (1996) 21
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Historical Tripos, Part I Paper 17 European History 1715-1890

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