THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHT FROM c.1700 TO c.1890

Historical Tripos - Part I: Paper 20 and Part II: Paper 4THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL THOUGHTFROM c.1700 TO c.1890Section AA1 VicoA2 MontesquieuA3 HumeA4 RousseauA5 SmithA6 BurkeA7 WollstonecraftA8 KantA9 BenthamA10 ConstantA11 HegelA12 TocquevilleA13 John Stuart MillA14 MarxSection BB15 Human Nature and History in the EnlightenmentB16 Commercial Society and the Ambiguities of CivilisationB17 Reform and Politics in Enlightened EuropeB18 The Political Thought of the American RevolutionB19 The Political Thought of the French RevolutionB20 Dissent and the Politics of Rights in Late18th-century BritainB21 German Political Thought 1780-1810B22 19th-century British Social CriticismB23 Classical Political Economy and its CriticsB24 Socialism before 1848B25 Left-Hegelianism and the Development of Marxist ThoughtB26 Social Science and Political ThoughtB27 Individualism, Democracy and Representative GovernmentB28 British Historians on Liberty and the StateB29 Gender and Political Thought in the 18th and 19th centuriesB30 Peace, Empire and the Principle of NationalityThere is a convention that at least one question will be set on each of the above topics. At theexamination, candidates will be asked to answer three questions; two from Section Aand one from Section B. Overlap between answers must be avoided.The aim of Section B is to allow students to consider the general context in politicalthought within which the ideas of major political thinkers developed. The primary textssuggested in Section B therefore have a different status from the set texts in Section A.Candidates need not master every one of the Section B primary texts, but need to showevidence of engagement with texts relating to each topic.

Note: New publicationThose studying the paper from 2011-12 onwards should be aware of the recent publicationof The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought, edited by Gareth StedmanJones and Gregory Claeys, (Cambridge, 2011). This will not be available electronically untilJuly 2012 at the earliest, but hard copies should be acquired by libraries.Contents: http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item5758754/?site_locale=en_GB

A1. VICOSet Text:The New Science, translated by T.G. Bergin & M. H. Fisch (Ithava & London, 1984); also (butless satisfactory), ed by A. Grafton (Harmondsworth, 1999)Suggested secondary reading:J. Robertson, The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples 1680-1760(Cambridge, 2005), chapter 5, ‘Vico after Bayle’, pp. 201-255.P. Burke, Vico (Oxford, 1985)L. Pompa, Vico: A Study of the New Science, (2nd ed., Cambridge, 1990)M. Lilla, G. B. Vico: The Making of an Anti-Modern, (Cambridge, MA, 1993)A. Momigliano, ‘Vico’s Scienza Nuova: Roman “Bestioni” and Roman “Eroi”’ in A.Momigliano, Essays in Ancient and Modern Historiography, (Oxford, 1977), pp. 259- 76P. Rossi, The Dark Abyss of Time. The History of the earth and the History of Nationsfrom Hooke to Vico (Chicago & London, 1984)D. R. Kelley, ‘Vico’s Road: From Philology to Jurisprudence and Back’, in G. Tagliacozzoand D. O. Verene eds., Giambattista Vico’s Science of Humanity, Baltimore, 1976), 15-29D. Faucci, ‘Vico and Grotius: Jurisconsults of Mankind’, in G. Tagliacozzo and H. V. Whiteeds., Giambattista Vico: An International Symposium, (Baltimore MD, 1969), pp. 61-76C. ‘t Hart, ‘Hugo de Groot and Giambattista Vico’, Netherlands International Law Review, 30(1983), 5-41G. Ricuperati, ‘The “Veteres” against the “Moderni”: Paolo Mattia Doria (1662-1746) andGiambattista Vico (1668-1744)’ in D. Carpanetto and G. Ricuperati eds., Italy in the Age ofReason 1685-1789, (London, 1987), 96-105K. Stapelbroek, Love, Self-Deceit and Money: Commerce and Morality in the EarlyNeapolitan Enlightenment (Toronto, 2008), chapter 3: ‘Doria and Vico: True Utilityagainst Pleasure’, pp. 88-126B. Croce, ‘Machiavelli and Vico’ in Croce, Philosophy, Poetry, History: An Anthologyof Essays, trans. C. Sprigge, (London, 1966), pp. 655-70J. C. Morrison, ‘Vico and Machiavelli’, in G. Tagliacozzo ed., Vico Past and Present, (AtlanticHighlands NJ, 1981), Vol. 2, pp. 1-14J. C. Morrison, ‘Vico’s Doctrine of the Natural Law of the Gentes’, Journal of the Historyof Philosophy, 16 (1978), 47-60J. C. Morrison, ‘How to Interpret the Idea of Divine Providence in Vico’s New Science’,Philosophy and Rhetoric 12 (1979), 256-261J. I. Israel, Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man1670-1752 (Oxford, 2006), chapters 3, 6, 11, and especially chapter 20, ‘’Italy, the TwoEnlightenments, and Vico’s “New Science”, pp. 513-542M. P. Mooney, Vico in the Tradition of Rhetoric (Princeton, 1985)C. Labio, Origins and the Enlightenment: Aesthetic Epistemology from Descartes to Kant(Ithaca NY, 2004), chapter 2: ‘Vico’s Genetic Principle’J. Mali, ‘The Poetics of Politics: Vico’s “Philosophy of Authority”’, History of PoliticalThought, 10 (1989), 41-69G. L. Lucente, ‘Vico’s Notion of “Divine Providence” and the Limits of Human Knowledge,Freedom, and Will’ Modern Language Notes, 97 (1982), 183-191A. Pons, ‘Prudence and Providence in the Practica della Scienza Nuova and the Problem ofTheory and Practice in Vico’ in Vico’s Science of Humanity, pp. 431-48J. E. Sergio, ‘The Leviathan in Naples: Vico’s Response to Hobbes's Life and Works’, Journalfor Eighteenth-Century Studies, 33 (2010), 227-244B. Haddock, Vico’s Political Thought, (Swansea, 1986)

A2. MONTESQUIEUSet Text:The Spirit of the Laws, eds. A. Cohler, B. Miller and H. Stone (Cambridge, 1989)Suggested secondary reading:R. Shackleton, Montesquieu: A Critical Biography, (London, 1961)M. Sonenscher, Before the Deluge: Public Debt, Inequality, and the Intellectual Originsof the French Revolution (Princeton, 2007), chapters 2-3.N.O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance to the Enlightenment,(Princeton NJ, 1980), Chapters 10-14Duncan Kelly, The Propriety of Liberty: Persons, Passions, and Judgement in ModernPolitical Thought (Princeton, 2010), Ch 2P. A. Rahe, Montesquieu and the Logic of Liberty (New Haven CT, 2009)D.W. Carrithers, M.A. Mosher and P.A. Rahe (eds), Montesquieu’s Science of Politics:Essays on the Spirit of the Laws, (Lanham MD, 2001)R. Kingston, Montesquieu and His Legacy (Albany NY, 2008)I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge MA, 2005) ‘Introduction’, pp. 1-156.A. O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before itsTriumph (Princeton NJ, 1977)J.N. Shklar, Montesquieu, (Oxford, 1987)S. Krause, Liberalism with Honor (Cambridge MA, 2002)S. Tomaselli, ‘The Spirit of Nations’, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), The CambridgeHistory of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 9-39P. A. Rahe, ‘The Book That Never Was: Montesquieu's Considerations on the Romans inHistorical Context’, History of Political Thought, 26 (2005), 43-89.S. Mason, ‘Montesquieu’s Vision of Europe and its European Context’, Studies on Voltaire andthe Eighteenth Century, 341 (1996), 61-87.R. Shackleton, ‘Montesquieu, Bolingbroke and the separation of powers’, in Shackleton,Essays on Montesquieu and the Enlightenment, D. Gilson and M. Smith (eds), (Oxford, 1988),pp. 3-16.E. Dziembowski, ‘The English Political Model in 18th-Century France’, Historical Research,74 (2001), 151-71.S. Mason, ‘Montesquieu on English Constitutionalism Revisited: A Government ofPotentiality and Paradoxes’, Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century, 278 (1990),105-46.D. Desserud, ‘Commerce and Political Participation in Montesquieu’s Letter to Domville’History of European Ideas, 25 (1999), 135-151.S. Krause, ‘The Uncertain Inevitability of Decline in Montesquieu’, Political Theory 30(2002), 702-27.I. Hont, ‘The Luxury Debate in the Early Enlightenment’, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds),The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), 379-418.H.E. Ellis, ‘Montesquieu’s Modern Politics: The Spirit of the Laws and the problem ofmodern monarchy in Old Regime France’, History of Political Thought, 10 (1989), 665-700.M. Richter, ‘Despotism’, in P. Wiener (ed), Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Studies ofSelected Pivotal Ideas, (New York, 1973), Volume II, pp. 1-18.C.P. Courtney, ‘Montesquieu and the Problem of “la diversité”’, in G. Barber and C. P.Courtney (eds), Enlightenment Essays in Memory of Robert Shackleton, (Oxford, 1988), pp.61-81.

P. Cheney, ‘Montesquieu’s Science of Commerce’, in Cheney, Revolutionary Commerce:Globalization and the French Monarchy (Cambridge MA, 2010), chapter 2, pp. 52-86.K. M. Baker, ‘Public Opinion as Political Invention’, in Baker, Inventing the FrenchRevolution: Essays on French Political Culture in the Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1990),pp. 167-99.5

6A3. HUMESet Texts:A Treatise of Human Nature, eds. D. F. Norton and M. J. Norton, (Oxford, 2000), Bk. IIIAn Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, ed. T. L. Beauchamp, (Oxford, 1998)Essays Moral, Political and Literary, ed. E.F. Miller (Indianapolis, 1985), especially essaysPart I 2-8, 12, 14, 21; Part II 1-9, 11-13, 16.Suggested secondary reading:N. Phillipson, Hume, (London, 1989, repr. Penguin, London, 2011)D. Forbes, Hume’s Philosophical Politics, (Cambridge, 1975)J.G.A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the AtlanticRepublican Tradition, (Princeton NJ, 1975), chapters 12-14I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), ‘Introduction’, pp. 1-156.J. Robertson, The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples 1680-1760(Cambridge, 2005), chapter 6, ‘Hpp. 256-324.J. P. Wright, Hume’s Treatise of Human Nature: An Introduction (Cambridge, 2009)A. C. Baier, A Progress of Sentiments: Reflection on Hume’s Treatise (Cambridge MA, 1991)chapters 7-12.S. Blackburn, How to Read Hume (London, 2008)J. L. Mackie, Hume’s Moral Theory, (London, 1980)J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, Samuel Freeman (ed), (CambridgeMA, 2007), ‘Lectures on Hume’, pp. 159-187.R. Hardin, David Hume: Moral and Political Theorist (Oxford, 2007)D.F. Norton and M. Kuehn, ‘The Foundations of Morality’, in K. Haakonssen (ed),Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006), vol. 2, pp. 241-986D. F. Norton, ‘Hume, Human Nature and the Foundations of Morality’ in Norton (ed),Cambridge Companion to Hume, (2nd edn, Cambridge, 2009), pp. 270-310.D. F. Norton, ‘Hume and Hutcheson: The Question of Influence’ in D. Garber and S. Nadler(eds), Oxford Studies in Early Modern Philosophy, vol. 2 (Oxford, 2005), pp. 211-256.J. Moore, ‘Hume and Hutcheson’, in M. A. Stewart and J. P. Wright (eds), Hume and Hume’sConnexions, (Edinburgh, 1994), pp. 25-37J. Moore, ‘The Eclectic Stoic, the Mitigated Sceptic’ in E. Mazza and E. Ronchetti (eds),New Essays on David Hume (Milan, 2007), pp. 133-170.L. Turco, ‘Hutcheson and Hume in a Recent Polemic’ in Mazza and Ronchetti (eds),New Essays on David Hume, 171-198.J. Harris, ‘Answering Bayle’s Question: Religious Belief in the Moral Philosophy of theScottish Enlightenment’, D. Garber and S. Nadler eds., Oxford Studies in Early ModernPhilosophy, vol. 1 (Oxford, 2003), 229-53.J. Harris, ‘The Epicurean in Hume’, in N. Leddy and A. Lifchitz eds., Epicurus in theEnlightenment, (Oxford, 2009), 161-81.M. A. Stewart, ‘Hume’s Intellectual Development, 1711-1752’, in M. Frasca-Spada and P.J. E. Kail (eds), Impressions of Hume (Oxford, 2005), 11-58.R. L. Emerson, ‘Hume’s Intellectual Development: Part II’, in Emerson, Essays on DavidHume, Medical Men and the Scottish Enlightenment (Farnham, 2009), 103-126.S. Darwall, ‘Motive and Obligation in Hume’s Ethics’ Nous 27 (1993), 415-448.R. Cohon, ‘Artificial and Natural Virtues’, in S. Traiger (ed), The Blackwell Guide to Hume’sTreatise (Oxford, 2006), 256-275.J. Moore, ‘Hume’s Theory of Justice and Property’, Political Studies, 24 (1976), 103-19.

Dees, Richard H. “‘One of the Finest and Most Subtile Inventions”: Hume on Government’, inE. Schmidt Radcliffe (ed), A Companion to Hume (Oxford, 2008), pp. 388–405.C. Wennerlind, ‘The Link Between David Hume’s Treatise of Human Nature and HisFiduciary Theory of Money’, History of Political Economy 33 (2001), 139-160.I. Hont, The “Rich Country-Poor Country” Debate in the Scottish Enlightenment’, inJealousy of Trade, pp. 267-322.I. Hont, ‘The “Rich Country-Poor Country” Debate Revisited: The Irish Origins and FrenchReception of the Hume Paradox’, in M. Schabas and C. Wennerlind (eds), David Hume’sPolitical Economy, (London, 2008), pp. 243-323.J.G.A. Pocock, ‘Hume and the American Revolution: The Dying Thoughts of a NorthBriton, in Pocock, Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History(Cambridge, 1985), pp. 125-141.I. Hont, ‘The Rhapsody of Public Debt: David Hume and Voluntary Bankruptcy’, inJealousy of Trade, pp. 325-353.I. Hont, ‘The Luxury Debate in the Early Enlightenment’, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds),The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 379-418.A. S. Cunningham, ‘David Hume’s Account of Luxury’, Journal of the History ofEconomic Thought 27 (2005), 231-250.P. Cheney, ‘Constitution and Economy in David Hume’s Enlightenment’, in Schabas andWennerlind (eds), David Hume’s Political Economy, pp. 223-242.J. Robertson, ‘Universal Monarchy and the Liberties of Europe: David Hume’s Critique ofan English Whig Doctrine’, in N. Phillipson and Q. Skinner (eds), Political Discourse in EarlyModern Britain, (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 349-73.D. Wootton, ‘David Hume “the Historian”’, in Cambridge Companion to Hume, 2nd edn,pp. 447-480.M. Barfoot, ‘Hume and the Culture of Science in the Early Eighteenth Century’, in M. A.Stewart (ed), Studies in the Philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment, (Oxford, 1991), pp. 151-90.7

8A4. ROUSSEAUSet Texts:‘Discourse on Inequality’, including Rousseau's notes, in The Discourses and Other EarlyPolitical Writings, ed. V. Gourevitch, (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 111-246Of the Social Contract, with the ‘Geneva Manuscript’, ‘The State of War’ and ‘Letter toMirabeau’, in The Social Contract and Other Later Political Writings, ed. V. Gourevitch,(Cambridge, 1997), pp. 3-176, pp. 268-71.Suggested secondary reading:L. Damrosch, Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Restless Genius (Boston MA, 2005)C. Kelly and E. Grace eds., Rousseau on Women, Love and Family (Hanover NH, 2009)N. J. H. Dent, Rousseau: an Introduction to his Psychological, Social and Political Theory(Oxford, 1988)N. J. H. Dent, A Rousseau Dictionary (Oxford, 1992)T. O’Hagan, Rousseau (London, 2003)J. Hope Mason, The Indispensable Rousseau, (London, 1979)R. Wokler, Rousseau: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford, 2001)A. M. Melzer, The Natural Goodness of Man: on the System of Rousseau’s Thought, (Chicago IL,1990)M. Sonenscher, Sans-Culottes: An Eighteenth-Century Emblem in the French Revolution(Princeton NJ, 2008) chapters 3, 6.M. Sonenscher, Before the Deluge: Public Debt, Inequality, and the Intellectual Originsof the French Revolution (Princeton NJ, 2007), chapter 3.J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, Samuel Freeman ed.,(Cambridge MA, 2007), ‘Lectures on Rousseau’, pp. 191-248.F. Neuhouser, Rousseau’s Theodicy of Self-Love: Evil Rationality, and the Drive forRecognition (Oxford, 2008)D. Gauthier, Rousseau: The Sentiment of Existence (Cambridge, 2006)C. Bertram, Rousseau and the Social Contract (London, 2004)J. Cohen, Rousseau: A Free Community of Equals (Oxford, 2010)R. D. Masters, The Political Philosophy of Rousseau, (Princeton NJ, 1968)H. Rosenblatt, Rousseau and Geneva: From the First Discourse to the Social Contract, 1749–1762 (Cambridge, 1997)J. Starobinski, Rousseau: Transparency and Obstruction, trans. A. Goldhammer (ChicagoIL, 1988)N. O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance and theEnlightenment, (Princeton NJ, 1980), chapter 15.R. Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace (Oxford, 1999), chapter 7.B. Kapossy, Iselin contra Rousseau (Basle, 2006), chapter 3, pp. 173-245.J. N. Shklar, ‘Rousseau’s Images of Authority’, in M. Cranston and R.S. Peters (eds),Hobbes and Rousseau (New York, 1972), pp. 333-365.P. Riley, ‘Rousseau’s General Will’, in Riley (ed), The Cambridge Companion toRousseau, (Cambridge, 2001), 124-53.N. O. Keohane, ‘“The Masterpiece of Politics in Our Century”: Rousseau on the Morality ofEnlightenment’, Political Theory, 6 (1978), 457-84.F. Neuhouser, ‘Freedom, Dependence and the General Will’, Philosophical Review, 102(1993), 363-395.J. Hope Mason, ‘Individuals in Society: Rousseau’s Republican Vision’, History of PoliticalThought, 10 (1989), 89-112.J. Hope Mason, ‘“Forced to be Free”’, in R. Wokler (ed), Rousseau and Liberty(Manchester, 1995), 121-38.

10A5. SMITHSet Texts:The Theory of Moral Sentiments, eds. D.D. Raphael and A.L.Macfie, 2 vols (Indianapolis IN,1982)An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, eds. T. Campbell, A. S.Skinner and W. Todd, 2 vols (Indianapolis IN, 1981)Suggested secondary reading:D. Stewart, An Account of the Life and Writings of Adam Smith L.L.D, in Smith, Essays onPhilosophical Subjects, ed. W. P. D. Wightman and J. C. Bryce, (Indianapolis IN, 1982)N. Phillipson, Adam Smith: An Enlightened Life (London, 2010)D. Winch, Adam Smith’s Politics, (Cambridge, 1978)I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, MA., 2005), ‘Introduction’, pp. 1-156, and ‘Needsand Justice in the Wealth of Nations’, pp. 389-443.I. Hont, ‘Adam Smith’s History of Law and Government as Political Theory’, in R, Bourkeand R. Geuss (eds), Political Judgement: Essays for John Dunn (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 131-171.Duncan Kelly, The Propriety of Liberty: Persons, Passions, and Judgement in ModernPolitical Thought (Princeton, 2010), Ch 3A.S. Skinner, A System of Social Science Papers: Papers Relating to Adam Smith, (2ndedn., Oxford, 1995), chapters 4,8A. O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before itsTriumph (Princeton NJ, 1977)P. Force, Self-Interest before Adam Smith: A Genealogy of Economic Science(Cambridge, 2003)C. Griswold, Adam Smith and the Virtues of Enlightenment, (Cambridge, 1999)D. D. Raphael, The Impartial Spectator: Adam Smith’s Moral Philosophy (Oxford, 2007)E. Rothschild, Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet and the Enlightenment, (Cambridge,Mass, 2001), Chs. 4, 8S. Fleischacker, On Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations: A Philosophical Companion (PrincetonNJ, 2004)R. Hanley, Adam Smith and the Character of Virtue (Cambridge, 2009)F. Forman-Barzilai, Adam Smith and the Circles of Sympathy: Cosmopolitanism and MoralTheory (Cambridge, 2010)J.G.A. Pocock, Barbarism and Religion, Vol. 3: The First Decline and Fall (Cambridge,2003), chapter 16.D. Forbes, ‘Sceptical Whiggism, Commerce and Liberty’, in A. S. Skinner and T. Wilson(eds), Essays on Adam Smith, (Oxford, 1975), 179-201A. Sen, ‘Introduction’, in Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, ed. R. P. Hanley (London,2010), pp. vii-xxvi.J. Robertson, ‘The Legacy of Adam Smith: Government and Economic Development in TheWealth of Nations’, in R. Bellamy (ed), Victorian Liberalism: Nineteenth-Century PoliticalThought and Practice, (London, 1990), 15-41D. Lieberman, ‘Adam Smith on Justice, Right and Law’, in K. Haakonnsen (ed),Cambridge Companion to Adam Smith (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 214-245S. J. Pack and E. Schliesser, ‘Smith’s Humean Criticism of Hume’s Account of the Origin ofJustice,’ Journal of the History of Philosophy, 44 (2006), 47-63.G.J. Stigler, ‘Smith’s Travels on the Ship of State’, in A. S. Skinner and T. Wilson (eds),Essays on Adam Smith, (Oxford, 1975), 237-46.J. Viner, ‘Adam Smith and Laissez Faire’, in D. A. Irwin (ed), Essays on the IntellectualHistory of Economics, (Princeton NJ, 1991), 85-113.

K. Tribe, ‘Natural Liberty and Laissez Faire: How Adam Smith became a Free TradeIdeologue’, in S. Copley and K. Sutherland (eds), Adam Smith’s “Wealth of Nations”: NewInterdisciplinary Essays, (Manchester, 1995), 23-44.D. Winch, ‘Science and the Legislator: Adam Smith and After’, Economic Journal,I. Hont, ‘Adam Smith and the Political Economy of the “Unnatural and Retrograde Order, inHont, Jealousy of Trade, pp. 354-388.93 (1983), 501-29.P. Bowles, ‘Adam Smith and the “Natural Progress of Opulence”’, Economica, n.s. 53 (1986),109.118.S. Muthu, ‘Adam Smith’s Critique of International Trading Companies’, Political Theory 36(2008), 185-212.A. Oncken, ‘The Consistency of Adam Smith’, Economic Journal 7 (1897), 443-450.K. Tribe, ‘”Das Adam Smith Problem” and the Origins of Modern Smith Scholarship’, Historyof European Ideas 344 (2008), 514-525.J.-L. Peaucelle, Adam Smith’s Use of Multiple References for His Pin Making Example’,European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 13 (2006), 489-512.11

D. Armitage, ‘Edmund Burke and Reason of State’ Journal of the History of Ideas, 61 (2000),617-634I. Hampsher-Monk, ‘Edmund Burke’s Changing Justification for Intervention’, HistoricalJournal (2005), 65-100.R. Bourke, ‘Edmund Burke and the Politics of Conquest’, Modern Intellectual History 4(2007), 403-432.R. Bourke, ‘Liberty, Authority and Trust in Burke’s Idea of Empire’, Journal of theHistory of Ideas 61 (2000), 453–71.13

14A7. WOLLSTONECRAFTSet Text:A Vindication of the Rights of Man and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, ed. S. Tomaselli,(Cambridge, 1995)Suggested secondary reading:B. Taylor, ‘Mary Wollstonecraft’, in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004)J. Todd, Mary Wollstonecraft: A Revolutionary Life, (London, 2000)K. O’Brien, Women and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge, 2009)V. Sapiro, A Vindication of Political Virtue: The Political Theory of MaryWollstonecraft, (Chicago, 1992)B. Taylor, Mary Wollstonecraft and the Feminist Imagination (Cambridge, 2003)H.N. Brailsford, Shelley, Godwin and their Circle, (2nd edn., London, 1951)M. J. Falco ed., Feminist Interpretations of Mary Wollstonecraft, (Pennsylvania,1996)A. Browne, The Eighteenth Century Feminist Mind, (Brighton, 1987)H. Guest, Small Change: Women, Learning, Patriotism, 1750-1810, (Chicago, 2000),Introduction and Part IVJ.B. Landes, Women in the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution, (Ithaca,NY, 1988)S. Tomaselli, ‘The Enlightenment Debate on Women’, History Workshop, 20 (1985),101-24.S. Tomaselli, ‘The Most Public Sphere of all: the Family’, in E. Eger, C. Grant, C. Gallchoirand P. Warburton (eds), Women, Writing and the Public Sphere 1700-1830, (Cambridge, 2001),pp. 239-56.D. Engster, ‘Mary Wollstonecraft’s Nurturing Liberalism: Between an Ethic ofJustice and Care’, American Political Science Review 95 (2001), 577-588.G J. Barker-Benfield, ‘Mary Wollstonecraft: Eighteenth-CenturyCommonwealthswoman’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 50 (1989), 95-115.M. Brody, ‘Mary Wollstonecraft: Sexuality and Women’s Rights’, in D. Spender (ed), FeministTheorists: Three Centuries of Women’s Intellectual Traditions, (London, 1983), 40-59D. Bromwich, ‘Wollstonecraft as a Critic of Burke’, Political Theory, 23 (1995), 617- 632.J. Conniff, ‘Edmund Burke and His Critics: The Case of Mary Wollstonecraft’, Journal ofthe History of Ideas, 60 (1999), 299-318.D. Guralnick, ‘Radical Politics in Wollstonecraft’s Vindication of the Rights of Women’,Studies in Burke and his Time, 18 (1977), 155-66.R. M. Janes, ‘On the Reception of Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights ofWomen’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 39 (1978), 293-302.T. O’Hagan, ‘Rousseau and Wollstonecraft on Sexual Equality’, in R. Bellamy and A. Ross(eds), A Textual Introduction to Social and Political Theory, (Manchester, 1996), pp. 123-54.M. Philp, ‘Mary Wollstonecraft and Political Justice’, in Philp, Godwin’s ‘Political Justice’,(London, 1986), pp. 175-92.K. O’Brien, ‘Catharine Macaulay’s Histories of England: A Female Perspective on the Historyof Liberty’ in B. Taylor and S. Knott (eds), Women, Gender and Enlightenment, (Basingstoke,2005), pp. 523-37.

15A8. KANTSet Texts:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, ed. M. Gregor (Cambridge, 1998)Political Writings, ed. H. Reiss, (2nd edn., Cambridge, 1991)Suggested secondary reading:M. Kuehn, Kant: A Biography (Cambridge, 2001)P. Guyer, Kant (London, 2006)A. Wood, Kant (Oxford, 2005)A. Wood, Kant’s Ethical Thought (Cambridge 1999)R. J. Sullivan, An Introduction to Kant’s Ethics, (Cambridge, 1994)J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Barbara Herman (ed), (CambridgeMA, 2000),’Kant’, pp. 143-325.S. Sedgwick, Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: An Introduction(Cambridge, 2008)H. E. Allison, Kant’s Theory of Freedom, (Cambridge, 1990).A. Ripstein, Force and Freedom: Kant’s Legal and Political Philosophy (Cambridge MA,2009)P. Riley, Kant’s Political Philosophy, (Totowa NJ, 1983)E. Ellis, Kant’s Politics (New Haven, 2005), chs. 1-3O. Höffe, Kant’s Cosmopolitan Theory of Law and Peace (Cambridge, 2006)D. Henrich, ‘The Moral Image of the World’, in Heinrich (ed), Aesthetic Judgement and theMoral Image of the World, (Stanford CA, 1992), 3-28D. Henrich, ‘The Deduction of the Moral Law: The Reasons for the Obscurity of the FinalSections of Kant’s Groundwork on the Metaphysics of Morals’, in P. Guyer (ed), Kant’s‘Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals’: Critical Essays, (New York, 1998), 303-41R. Galvin, ‘The Universal Law Formulas’ in T. E. Hill Jr. (ed), The Blackwell Guide toKant’s Ethics (Oxford, 2009), pp. 52-82.O. Höffe, ‘Kant’s Principle of Justice as Categorical Imperative of the Law’, in Y. Yovel(ed), Kant’s Practical Philosophy Re-evaluated, (Dordrecht, 1989), 149-67.A. Wood, ‘Kant’s Practical Philosophy’, in K. Ameriks (ed), The CambridgeCompanion to German Idealism (Cambridge, 2000), 57-75A. Wood, ‘Kant and the Problem of Human Nature’, in B. Jacobs and P. Kain (eds), Essays onKant’s Anthropology (Cambridge, 2003), pp. 38-59.P. Frierson, ‘Kantian Moral Pessimism’ in S. Anderson-Cold and P. Muchnik (eds), Kant’sAnatomy of Evil (Cambridge, 2010), pp. 33-56.P. Guyer, ‘The Crooked Timber of Mankind’ in A Oksenberg Rorty and J. Schmidt (eds),Kant’s Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Aim: A Critical Guide (Cambridge,2009), pp. 129-149.R. B. Louden, ‘Applying Kant’s Ethics: The Role of Anthropology’ in G. Bird (ed), ACompanion to Kant: Blackwell Companions to Philosophy (Oxford, 2010), pp. 350-363.C. Taylor, ‘Kant’s Theory of Freedom’, in Taylor, Philosophy and the Human Sciences, 2vols. (Cambridge, 1985), vol. 2, pp. 318-37W. Kersting, ‘Politics, Freedom and Order: Kant’s Political Philosophy’, in P. Guyer (ed), TheCambridge Companion to Kant, (Cambridge, 1992), pp. 342-66.D. Henrich, ‘On the Meaning of Rational Action in the State’, in R. Beiner and W. J. Booth (eds),Kant and Political Philosophy: The Contemporary Legacy, (New Haven CT, 1993), pp. 97-116R. B. Pippin, ‘Mine and Thine: The Kantian State’ in P. Guyer (ed), The Cambridge

Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 416-446.M. Gregor, ‘Kant’s Theory of Property’ in S. Byrd and J. Hruschka (eds), Kant and Law(Aldershot, 2006), pp. 109-139.L. W. Beck, ‘Kant and the Right to Revolution’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 32 (1971),411-22T. E. Hill Jr, ‘Questions about Kant’s Opposition to Revolution’, Journal of Value Inquiry36 (202), 283-298.K. B. Westphal, ‘Kant on the State, Law, and Obedience to Authority in the Alleged“Anti-Revolutionary” Writings’, Journal of Philosophical Research 17 (1992), 383-426.C. M. Korsgaard, ‘Taking the Law into Our Own Hands: Kant on the Right of Revolution’, in,A. Reath, B. Herman and C. Korsgaard, (eds), Reclaiming the History of Ethics: Essays forJohn Rawls (Cambridge, 1997), pp. 297-328.K. Flikschuh, ‘Reason, Right, and Revolution: Kant and Locke’, Philosophy and PublicAffairs, 36 (2008), 375-404.P. P. Nicholson, ‘Kant, Revolutions and History’, in H. Williams (ed), Essays on Kant’sPolitical Philosophy, (Cardiff, 1992), pp. 249-68.W. Kersting, ‘“The Civil Constitution in Every State Shall Be a Republican One”’ in K. Ameriksand O. Höffe, Kant’s Moral and Legal Philosophy (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 246-264.J. C. Laursen, ‘The Subversive Kant: The Vocabulary of “Public” and “Publicity”’, PoliticalTheory, 14 (1986), 584-603J. Habermas, ‘Kant’s Idea of Perpetual Peace, with the Benefit of Two Hundred Years’Hindsight’ in J. Bohman and M. Lutz-Bachmann, Perpetual Peace: Essays on Kant’sCosmopolitan Ideal (Cambridge, MA, 1997), pp. 113-154.P. Kleingeld, ‘Kantian Patriotism’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 29 (2000), 313-341.16

A9. BENTHAM17Set Texts:A Fragment on Government, ed. R. Harrison, (Cambridge, 1988)An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, eds. J. H. Burns and H. L. A.Hart, (Oxford, 1996)Suggested secondary reading:R. Harrison, Bentham, (London, 1983)J. Dinwiddy, Bentham, (Oxford, 1989)J. Waldron, Nonsense upon Stilts: Bentham, Burke and Marx on the Rights of Man, (London,1987)E. Halévy, The Growth of Philosophic Radicalism, M. Morris ed., (London, 1928)P. Schofield, Utility and Democracy: the Political Thought of Jeremy Bentham, (Oxford2006)F. Rosen, Jeremy Bentham and Representative Democracy: A Study of the‘Constitutional Code’, (Oxford, 1983)L. J. Hume, Bentham and Bureaucracy, (Cambridge, 1981)D. Lyons, In the Interest of the Governed: A Study in Bentham’s Philosophy of Law, (Oxford,1973)P. J. Kelly, Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice: Jeremy Bentham and the Civil Law,(Oxford, 1990)J.H. Burns, ‘Bentham and Blackstone: A Lifetime’s Dialectic’, Utilitas, 1 (1989), 22-40J. H. Burns, ‘Bentham’s Critique of Political Fallacies’, in B. Parekh (ed), Jeremy Bentham:Ten Critical Essays, (London, 1974)S. Darwall, ‘Hume and the Invention of Utilitarianism’ in M. A. Stewart and J. P. Wright(eds), Hume and Hume’s Connexions, (Edinburgh, 1994), pp. 58-82.F. Rosen, ‘The Origins of Liberal Utilitarianism: Jeremy Bentham and Liberty’, in R.Bellamy (ed), Victorian Liberalism: Nineteenth-Century Political Thought and Practice,(London, 1990), pp. 58-70.P. J. Kelly, ‘Classical Utilitarianism and the Concept of Freedom: A Response to theRepublican Critique’, Journal of Political Ideologies 6 (2001), 13-31.J. A. W. Gunn, ‘Jeremy Bentham and the Public Interest’, in J. Lively and A. Reeve (eds),Modern Political Theory from Hobbes to Marx: Key Debates, (London, 1989), pp. 199-219.H. L. A. Hart, ‘Natural Rights: Bentham and John Stuart Mill’, in Hart, Essays on Bentham:Jurisprudence and Political Theory, (Oxford, 1982), pp. 79-104.R. Shackleton, ‘The Greatest Happiness of the Greatest Number: The History of Bentham’sPhrase’, in Shackleton, Essays on Montesquieu and on the Enlightenment, (eds) D. Gilson andM. Smith, (Oxford, 1988), pp. 375-90.W. Thomas, ‘Bentham and His Circle’, in Thomas, The Philosophic Radicals: Nine Studies inTheory and Practice 1817-1841, (Oxford, 1979), 15-45.R. Whatmore, ‘Etienne Dumont, the British Constitution, and the French Revolution’,Historical Journal, 50 (2007), 23-47.D. Lieberman, ‘Economy and Polity in Bentham’s Science of Legislation’, in S. Collini, R.Whatmore and B. Young (eds), Economy, Polity and Society: British Intellectual History1750-1950, (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 107-134.D. Wootton, ‘Introduction. The Republican Tradition: From Commonwealth to CommonSense’, in Wootton (ed), Republicanism, Liberty and Commercial Society 1649-1776,(Stanford CA, 1994), pp. 1-41.

18A10. CONSTANTSet Text:Political Writings, ed. B. Fontana, (Cambridge, 1988)Suggested secondary reading:G. de Staël, Considerations on the Principal Events of the French Revolution, ed. A. Craiutu(Indianapolis IN, 2008)A. Jainchill, Reimagining Politics After the Terror: The Republican Origins of FrenchLiberalism (Ithaca NY, 2008)S. Holmes, Benjamin Constant and the Making of Modern Liberalism, (New Haven CT, 1984)G. A. Kelly, The Humane Comedy: Constant, Tocqueville and French Liberalism,(Cambridge, 1992)G. Dodge, Benjamin Constant’s Philosophy of Liberalism: A Study in Politics and Religion,(Chapel Hill NC, 1980)C. B. Welch, Liberty and Utility: The French Ideologues and the Transformation ofLiberalism, (New York, 1984)B Fontana, Benjamin Constant and the Post-Revolutionary Mind (New Haven CT, 1991)H. Rosenblatt, Liberal Values: Benjamin Constant and the Politics of Religion (Cambridge, 2008)F. Furet, ‘French Historians and the Reconstruction of the Republican Tradition, 1800-1848’, in B. Fontana (ed), The Invention of the Modern Republic, (Cambridge, 1994), 173-91S. Holmes, ‘The Liberty to Denounce: Ancient and Modern’, in H. Rosenblatt (ed), TheCambridge Companion to Benjamin Constant, (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 47-68.Jeremy Jennings, ‘Constitutional Liberalism in France: from Benjamin Constant to Alexisde Tocqueville’, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History ofNineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: 2011)I. Berlin, ‘Two Concepts of Liberty’, in Berlin, Four Essays on Liberty, (London, 1969), 118-72.L. Siedentop, ‘Two Liberal Traditions’, in A. Ryan ed., The Idea of Freedom, (Oxford,1979), 153-74.G. Cubitt, ‘Revolution, Reaction, Restoration: The Meanings and Uses of Seventeenth-CenturyEnglish History in the Political Thinking of Benjamin Constant, c.1797-1830’, EuropeanReview of History; 14 (2007), 21-47.B. Garsten, ‘Religion and the Case against Ancient Liberty: Benjamin Constant’s OtherLectures’ Political Theory 38 (2010), 4-33.B. Garsten, ‘Constant on the Religious Spirit of Liberalism’, in Rosenblatt (ed), CambridgeCompanion to Benjamin Constant, 286-312.A. Pitt, ‘The Religion of the Moderns: Freedom and Authenticity in Constant’s De la Religion’,History of Political Thought, 21 (2000), 67-87K. S. Vincent, ‘Benjamin Constant, the French Revolution, and the Origins of FrenchRomantic Liberalism’ French Historical Studies 23 (2000), 607-637R. Whatmore, ‘The Politics of Political Economy from Rousseau to Constant’, in M. Bevir andF. Trentman (eds), Markets in Historical Contexts. Ideas and Politics in the Modern World(Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 46-69.J. Pitts, ‘Constant’s Thought on Slavery and Empire’, in Rosenblatt (ed), CambridgeCompanion to Benjamin Constant, pp. 115-145.

19A11. HEGELSet Texts:Elements of the Philosophy of Right, ed. A. Wood (Cambridge, 1991)Lectures on the Philosophy of World History: Introduction, Reason in History, ed. D. Forbes(Cambridge, 1975)Hegel: Political Writings, ed. L. Dickey (Cambridge, 1999)Suggested secondary reading:T. Pinkard, Hegel: A Biography, (Cambridge, 2000)C. Beiser, Hegel (London, 2005)R. Plant, Hegel: An Introduction, (2nd edn., Oxford, 1983)L. Dickey, Hegel: Religion, Economics and the Politics of Spirit 1770-1807,(Cambridge, 1987)A.W. Wood, Hegel’s Ethical Thought, (Cambridge, 1990)R. R. Williams, Hegel’s Ethics of Recognition (Berkeley CA, 1997), Part 2: ‘Recognition in thePhilosophy of Right’, (Cambridge, MA, 2000)F. Neuhouser, Foundations of Hegel’s Social Theory: Actualizing Freedom (Cambridge MA,2000)J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Moral Philosophy, Barbara Herman ed., (Cambridge MA,2000), ‘Hegel’, pp. 329-371.D. Knowles, Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Hegel and the Philosophy of Right (London,2002)C .Taylor, Hegel and Modern Society, (Cambridge, 1979)S. Avineri, Hegel’s Theory of the Modern State, (Cambridge, 1972)E. Weil, Hegel and the State, trans. M.A. Cohen (Baltimore MD, 1998)J. McCarney, Hegel on History, (London, 2000), Part 2: ‘The Course of History’.M. Riedel, Between Tradition and Revolution: The Hegelian Transformation of PoliticalPhilosophy (Cambridge, 1984)R. Geuss, ‘Art and Theodicy’, in Geuss, Morality, Culture and History: Essays on GermanPhilosophy (Cambridge, 1999), pp. 78-115.R. Geuss, ‘Outside Ethics’, in Geuss, Outside Ethics (Princeton NJ, 2005), pp. 40-66.R. Pippin, ‘Hegel’s Practical Philosophy: The Realization of Freedom’, in K. Ameriks (ed.), TheCambridge Companion to German Idealism (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 180-99J. Shklar, ‘Hegel’s “Phenomenology”: An Elegy for Hellas’, in Z. A. Pelczynski (ed),Hegel’s Political Philosophy: Problems and Perspectives, (Cambridge, 1971), pp. 73-89K.-H. Ilting, ‘The Structure of Hegel’s ‘Philosophy of Right’, in Z. A. Pelczynski (ed),Hegel’s Political Philosophy: Problems and Perspectives, (Cambridge, 1971), pp. 90-110K. Westphal, ‘The Basic Context and Structure of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right’, in F. C.Beiser (ed),The Cambridge Companion to Hegel (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 234-69.J. Waldron, ‘Hegel’s Discussion of Property’, in Waldron, The Right to Private Property,(Oxford, 1988), pp. 343-89G. Stedman Jones, ‘Hegel and the Economics of Civil Society’ in S. Kaviraj and S. Khilnani(eds), Civil Society: History and Possibilities, (Cambridge, 2001)J. Habermas, ‘Hegel’s Critique of the French Revolution’ and ‘On Hegel’s Political Writings’,in Habermas, Theory and Practice, J. Viertel trans., (London, 1974) pp. 121-41 and 170-94L. Siep, ‘The Aufhebung of Morality in Ethical Life’, in L. S. Stepelevich and D. Lamb(eds), Hegel’s Philosophy of Action, (Atlantic Highlands NJ, 1983), pp. 137-56M. J. Inwood, ‘Hegel, Plato and Greek ‘Sittlichkeit”, in Z. A. Pelczynski (ed), The State

and Civil Society: Studies in Hegel’s Political Philosophy, (Cambridge, 1984), pp. 40-54C.J. Nederman, ‘Hegel on the Medieval Foundations of the Modern State’, inNederman, Lineages of European Political Thought: Explorations along theMedieval/Modern Divide from John of Salisbury to Hegel ((Washington D.C., 2009),pp. 323-342.Z.A. Pelczynski, ‘Political Community and Individual Freedom in Hegel’s Philosophyof State’, in Pelczynski (ed), The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegel’s PoliticalPhilosophy, (Cambridge, 1984), pp. 55-76D. Henrich, ‘Logical Form and Real Totality: The Authentic Conceptual Form of Hegel’sConcept of the State’, in R. Pippin and O. Höffe (eds), Hegel on Ethics and Politics(Cambridge, 2004), pp. 241-267.L. Dickey, ‘Hegel on Religion and Philosophy’, in F. C. Beiser (ed), The CambridgeCompanion to Hegel, (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 301-4720

21A12. TOCQUEVILLESet Text:Democracy in America, eds. H. C. Mansfield and D. Winthrop (Chicago IL, 2000); or asDemocracy in America, De La Démocracy en Amérique, Bilingual edition, Eduardo Nolla(ed.), Translated by James T. Schleifer, 4 vols., Liberty Press, 2010), with a helpfulintroduction by the editor.Suggested secondary reading:L. Siedentop, Tocqueville, (Oxford, 1994)C. Welch (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Tocqueville (Cambridge, 2006)Tocqueville, The Old Regime and the Revolution, eds. F. Furet and F. Mélonio (Chicago IL,1998)Tocqueville on America after 1840: Letters and Other Writings, eds. A. Craiutu and J. Jennings(Cambridge, 2009)The Tocqueville Reader: A Life in Letters and Politics, eds. O. Zunz and A. S. Kahan (Oxford,2002)H. Brogan, Alexis de Tocqueville: Prophet of Democracy in the Age of Revolution, A Biography(London, 2006)L. Damrosch, Tocqueville’s Discovery of America (New York, 2010).C. B. Welch, De Tocqueville (Oxford, 2001)P. Manent, Tocqueville and the Nature of Democracy (Lanham MD, 1996).R. Swedberg, Tocqueville’s Political Economy (Princeton NJ, 2009)J. Elster, Alexis de Tocqueville: The First Social Scientist (Cambridge, 2009)S. Wolin, Tocqueville Between Two Worlds (Princeton NJ, 2001)R. Boesche, The Strange Liberalism of Alexis de Tocqueville, (Ithaca NY, 1987)P. A. Rahe, Soft Despotism, Democracy’s Drift: Montesquieu, Rousseau, Tocqueville and theModern Prospect (New Haven CT, 2009), Book 3 ‘The Democratic Republic Reconsidered’.G. A. Kelly, The Humane Comedy: Constant, Tocqueville and French Liberalism,(Cambridge, 1992)Jeremy Jennings, ‘Constitutional Liberalism in France: from Benjamin Constant to Alexisde Tocqueville’, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History ofNineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: 2011)J. Greenaway, ‘Burke and Tocqueville on Conservatism’, in R. Bellamy and A. Ross (eds), ATextual Introduction to Social and Political Theory, (Manchester, 1996), 179- 204H. Mitchell, ‘The Changing Conditions of Freedom: Tocqueville in the Light of Rousseau’,History of Political Thought 9 (1988), 431-453.H. Mitchell, ‘Alexis de Tocqueville and the Legacy of the French Revolution’, in F. Fehér(ed), The French Revolution and the Birth of Modernity, (Berkeley CA, 1990), 240-63.A. Craiutu, ‘Tocqueville and the Political Thought of the Doctrinaires’, History of PoliticalThought 20 (1999).M. Richter, ‘Tocqueville and Guizot on Democracy: from a Type of Society to a PoliticalRegime’ History of European Ideas, 30 (2004), 61-82.R. Boesche, ‘Why did Tocqueville think a successful revolution was impossible?’ in Liberty,Equality, Democracy, ed. E. Nolla. (New York, 1992), pp. 1-20.J. Elster, ‘Consequences of Constitutional Choice: Reflections on Tocqueville’, in J. Elsterand R. Slagstad (eds), Constitutionalism and Democracy, (Cambridge, 1988), 81-102.S. Kessler, ‘Tocqueville's Puritans: Christianity and the American Founding’, 54(1992) Journal

of Politics, pp. 776-792R. Boesche, ‘Why Did Tocqueville Fear Abundance? Or the Tension Between Commerce andCitizenship, History of European Ideas, 9 (1988), 25-45.M. Drolet, ‘Democracy and Political Economy: Tocqueville's Thoughts on J.-B. Say and T.R.Malthus’, History of European Ideas, 29 (2003), 159-181.D. Bell, ‘John Stuart Mill on Colonies’, Political Theory, 38 (2010)J. Pitts, ‘Tocqueville and the Algeria Question’, in Pitts, A Turn to Empire (Princeton NJ,2005), ch. 7.M. J. Mancini, ‘Too Many Tocquevilles: The Fable of Tocqueville's American Reception’Journal of the History of Ideas, 69 (2008), 245-268.22

23A13. J. S. MILLSet Texts:On Liberty; with The Subjection of Women; and Chapters on Socialism, ed. S. Collini(Cambridge, 1989)‘Considerations on Representative Government’, in Mill, Utilitarianism; On Liberty;Considerations on Representative Government &c., ed. G. Williams., (London, 1993)Suggested secondary reading:R. Reeves, John Stuart Mill: Victorian Firebrand (London, 2007)J. Skorupski, John Stuart Mill, (London, 1991)J. J. M. Robson, The Improvement of Mankind: The Social and Political Thought of JohnStuart Mill, (London, 1968)F. Rosen, Classical Utilitarianism from Hume to Mill (London, 2003)F. Rosen, ‘From Jeremy Bentham's radical philosophy to J. S. Mill's philosophic radicalism’, inG. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century PoliticalThought (Cambridge, 2011)R. Harrison, ‘John Stuart Mill, Mid-Victorian’, in Stedman Jones & Claeys (eds), CambridgeHistory of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought.Duncan Kelly, The Propriety of Liberty: Persons, Passions, and Judgement in ModernPolitical Thought (Princeton, 2010), Ch. 4J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, Samuel Freeman (ed), (CambridgeMA, 2007), ‘Lectures on Mill’, pp. 251-316.R. Crisp, Routledge Philosophy Guidebook to Mill on Utilitarianism, (London, 1997)J. Riley, Mill on Liberty, (London, 1998)J. Gray and G. W. Smith, J. S. Mill on Liberty: In Focus, (London, 1991)A. Pyle ed., Liberty: Contemporary Responses to John Stuart Mill, (Bristol, 1994)D.F. Thompson, John Stuart Mill and Representative Government, (Princeton NJ, 1976)N. Urbinati, Mill on Democracy: From the Athenian Polis to Representative Government(Chicago, 2002)N. Urbinati & A. Zakaras (eds.), J. S. Mill’s Political Thought: A Bicentennial Reassessment(Cambridge, 2007)D. Winch, Wealth and Life: Essays on the Intellectual History of Political Economy inBritain, 1848-1914 (Cambridge, 2009), Part 1 ‘Mill’s Principles’, pp. 27-88.F. Hayek, John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor: Their Correspondence and SubsequentMarriage, (London, 1951)A. P. Robson and J. M. Robson, Sexual Equality: Writings by John Stuart Mill, HarrietTaylor Mill and Helen Taylor, (Toronto, 1994)J.H. Burns, ‘J. S. Mill and Democracy, 1829-61’, in J. B. Schneewind (ed), Mill: A Collection ofCritical Essays, (Notre Dame IN, 1968), pp. 280-328.J.H. Burns, ‘The Light of Reason: Philosophical History in the Two Mills’, in J. M. Robsonand M. Laine (eds), James and John Stuart Mill: Papers of the Centenary Conference,(Toronto, 1976), pp. 3-20.S. Collini, ‘The Tendencies of Things: John Stuart Mill and the Philosophic Method’, inS. Collini, D. Winch and J. Burrow (eds), That Noble Science of Politics: A Study inNineteenth-Century Intellectual History, (Cambridge, 1983), 127-60.H. L. A. Hart, ‘Natural Rights: Bentham and John Stuart Mill’, in Hart, Essays on Bentham:Jurisprudence and Political Theory, (Oxford, 1982), pp. 79-104.G.W. Smith, ‘Freedom and Virtue in Politics: Some Aspects of Character, Circumstancesand Utility from Helvetius to J. S. Mill’, Utilitas, 1 (1989), 112-34.M. Mandelbaum, ‘On Interpreting Mill’s Utilitariansm’, Journal of the History ofPhilosophy, 6 (1968), 35-46

D. Edwards, ‘Toleration and Mill’s Liberty of Thought and Discussion’, in S. Mendus (ed),Justifying Toleration: Conceptual and Historical Perspectives, (Cambridge, 1988), 87-114.S. Holmes, ‘The Positive Constitutionalism of John Stuart Mill’, in Holmes, Passion andConstraint: On the Theory of Liberal Democracy, (Chicago, 1995), pp. 178-201.A. Millar, ‘Mill on Religion’, in J. Skorupski (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Mill,(Cambridge, 1998), pp. 176-202.J.M. Robson, ‘Civilisation and Culture as Moral Concepts’, in Skorupski (ed), The CambridgeCompanion to Mill, pp. 338-71.A. Ryan, ‘Two Concepts of Politics and Democracy: James and John Stuart Mill’, in J.Lively and A. Reeve (eds), Modern Political Theory from Hobbes to Marx: Key Debates,(London, 1989), pp. 220-37.L. Siedentop, ‘Two Liberal Traditions’, in A. Ryan (ed), The Idea of Freedom: Essays inHonour of Isaiah Berlin, (Oxford, 1979), pp. 153-74.W. Thomas, ‘John Stuart Mill and the Crisis of Benthamism’, in Thomas, ThePhilosophic Radicals: Nine Studies in Theory and Practice 1817-1841, (Oxford, 1979), pp.147-205.R. Wollheim, ‘Mill: The Ends of Life and the Preliminaries of Mortality’, in T. Honderiched., Philosophy Through its Past, (Harmondsworth, 1984), pp. 335-355A. Valls, ‘Self-Development and the Liberal State: The Cases of John Stuart Mill andWilhelm von Humboldt’, Review of Politics 61 (1999), 251-274.S. Collini, ‘Introduction’, to John Stuart Mill, Essays on Equality, Law and Education,J. M. Robson ed., (Toronto, 1984)J. Riley, ‘Mill’s Political Economy: Ricardian Science and Liberal Utilitarian Art’, in Skorupski(ed), The Cambridge Companion to Mill, pp. 293-337.J. Riley, ‘J. S. Mill’s Liberal Utilitarian Assessment of Capitalism versus Socialism’, Utilitas, 8(1996), 39-71.O. Kurer, ‘J.S. Mill and Utopian Socialism’, Economic Record 68 (1992), 222-232.D. E. Miller, Mill’s “Socialism”, Politics, Philosophy & Economics 2 (2003), 213-238.J. Medearis, ‘Labor, Democracy, Utility and Mill’s Critique of Private Property’, AmericanJournal of Political Science 49 (2005), 135-149.J. Annas, ‘Mill and the Subjection of Women’, Philosophy, 52 (1977), 179-94.M.L. Shanley, ‘The Subjection of Women’, in Skorupski (ed), Cambridge Companion toMill, pp. 396-422.M. L. Shanley, ‘Marital Slavery and Friendship: John Stuart Mill’s The Subjection of Women’,Political Theory, 9 (1981), 229-4724

25A14. MARXSet Texts:The Communist Manifesto, ed. G. Stedman Jones, (London, 2002)Marx: Early Political Writings, J. O’Malley and R. A. Davis eds (Cambridge, 1994)Marx: Later Political Writings, ed. T. Carver (Cambridge, 1996)Capital; A Critique of Political Economy, Vol. I, ed. B. Fowkes (Harmondsworth, 1976)Part 8: ‘So-Called Primitive Accumulation’‘Marx-Zasulich’ correspondence in T. Shanin ed., Late Marx and the Russian Road: Marx andthe ‘Peripheries of Capitalism’ (London, 1983)Suggested secondary reading:F. Wheen, Karl Marx: A Life (London, 1999)T. Hunt, The Frock-Coated Communist: The Revolutionary Life of Friedrich Engels (London,2009)L. Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1 The Founders (Oxford, 1978)J. Rawls, Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, Samuel Freeman (ed), (CambridgeMA, 2007), ‘Lectures on Marx’, pp. 319-372.S. S. Wolin, Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought,expanded edn., (Princeton NJ, 2004), chapter 12 ‘Marx: Theorist of the Political Economy ofthe Proletariat or of Uncollapsed Capitalism?’, pp. 406-453.D. Leopold, The Young Karl Marx: German Philosophy, Modern Politics, and HumanFlourishing (Cambridge, 2007)J. Elster, An Introduction to Karl Marx, (Cambridge, 1986)G.A. Cohen, Karl Marx’s Theory of History: A Defence, (London, 1979)A. Heller, The Theory of Need in Marx, (London, 1976)P. J. Kain, Marx and Ethics, (Oxford, 1988)J. Maguire, Marx’s Theory of Politics, (Cambridge, 1978)R. Miller, Analyzing Marx: Morality, Power and History, (Princeton NJ, 1984)M. Musto ed, Karl Marx's Grundrisse : Foundations of the Critique of PoliticalEconomy 150 Years Later (London; 2008)R. Bellofiore and R. Fineschi eds, Re-reading Marx: New Perspectives After the CriticalEdition (Basingstoke, 2009)G. Stedman Jones, ‘Introduction’ to The Communist Manifesto, ed. G. Stedman Jones, (London,2002)D.R. Kelley, ‘The Metaphysics of Law: An Essay on the Very Young Marx’, AmericanHistorical Review, 83 (1978), 350-67.D.R. Kelley, ‘The Science of Anthropology: An Essay on the Very Old Marx’, Journal ofthe History of Ideas, 45 (1984), 245-62.S. Lukes, Marxism and Morality, (Oxford, 1987)G.A. Cohen, ‘Forces and Relations of Production’ and ‘Marxism and FunctionalExplanation’ in J. Roemer (ed), Analytical Marxism, (Cambridge, 1986), pp. 11-22 and 221-234.G.A. Cohen, ‘A Reply to Elster’, in A. Callinicos (ed), Marxist Theory, (Oxford, 1989),pp. 88-104.J. Elster, ‘Further Thoughts on Marxism, Functionalism and Game Theory’, in Roemer (ed),Analytical Marxism, (Cambridge, 1986), pp. 202-220.J. Elster, ‘Marxism, Functionalism and Game Theory: The Case for MethodologicalIndividualism’, in A. Callinicos (ed), Marxist Theory, (Oxford, 1989), pp. 48-87W. J. Booth, ‘Gone Fishing: Making Sense of Marx’s Concept of Communism’, PoliticalTheory, 17 (1989), 205-222.

T. Carver, ‘Communism for Critical Critics? “The German Ideology” and the Problemof Technology’, History of Political Thought, 9 (1988), 129-136.D. Gregory, ‘Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’ Knowledge of French Socialism in 1842-3’,Historical Reflections, 10 (1983), 143-193.N. Levine, ‘The German Historical School of Law and the Origins of HistoricalMaterialism’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 48 (1987), 431-451.J. Fracchia, ‘Marx's Aufhebung of Philosophy and the Foundations of a Materialist Science ofHistory’ History and Theory, 30 (1991), 153-179.Z. A. Pelczynski, ‘Nation, Civil Society, State: Hegelian Sources of the MarxianNon-Theory of Nationality’, in Pelczynski (ed), The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegel’sPolitical Philosophy, (Cambridge, 1984), 262-278.G. Wada, ‘Marx and Revolutionary Russia’, in T. Shanin (ed), Late Marx and the RussianRoad: Marx and the ‘Peripheries of Capitalism’, (London, 1983), 40-75.G. Stedman Jones, ‘Radicalism and the Extra-European World: the Case of Marx’ in D. Belled., Victorian Visions of Global Order: Empire and International Relations in NineteenthCentury Political Thought (Cambridge, 2008), pp. 186-214G. Reuten, ‘Karl Marx: His Work and the Major Changes of Interpretation’, inW. J. Samuels,J. E. Biddle and J.B. Davis (eds), A Companion to the History of Economic Thought (Oxford,2007), pp. 148-166.A. Roncaglia, ‘Karl Marx’, in Roncaglia, The Wealth of Ideas: A History of Economic Thought(Cambridge, 2005), pp. 244-277.26

27B15. HUMAN NATURE AND HISTORYIN THE ENLIGHTENMENTSuggested primary reading:I. Kant, Political Writings, ed. H. Reiss, trans. H. B. Nisbet, 2nd edn. (Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 1991), esp. pp. 41-60, 192-234.J. G. Herder, Another Philosophy of History and Selected Political Writings, Ioannis D.Evrigenis and Daniel Pellerin eds. (Indianapolis IN, 2004)J. G. Herder, ‘Ideas for a Philosophy of the History of Mankind’ (1784-91), in J. G. Herder onSocial and Political Culture, ed. F. M. Barnard (London, 1969), esp. pp. 253-271, 311-326.J. Schmidt, ed., What is Enlightenment? Eighteenth-century answers and twentieth-centuryquestions (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), esp. essays by Jacobi (1782),Mendelssohn, Kant, Reinhold, Hamann (all 1784)Suggested secondary reading:J. H. Zammito, Kant, Herder and the Birth of Anthropology. (Chicago IL, 2002)J. Passmore, The Perfectibility of Man, (London, 1970)F. M. Barnard, Self-Direction and Political Legitimacy: Rousseau and Herder, (Oxford,1988)H. Brunschwig, Enlightenment and Romanticism in Eighteenth-Century Prussia, (Chicago,1974)F. C. Beiser, The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte,(Cambridge MA, 1987)F. C. Beiser, Enlightenment, Revolution and Romanticism: The Genesis of Modern GermanPolitical Thought 1790-1800, (Cambridge MA, 1992)C. W. J. Withers, Placing the Enlightenment: Thinking Geographically about the Age ofReason (Chicago IL, 2007)J. Robertson, The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples 1680-1760 (Cambridge,2005), chapter 1 and ‘Conclusion’, pp. 1-51 and 377-405.K. Epstein, The Genesis of German Conservatism, (Princeton NJ, 1966)J. K. Wright, ‘Historical Writing in the Enlightenment World’, in M. Fitzpatrick, P. Jones, C.Knellwolf and I. McCalman (eds.), The Enlightenment World, (London, 2004), pp. 207-216.D. F. Norton and M. Kuehn, ‘The Foundations of Morality’, in K. Haakonssen (ed.) TheCambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006), vol. 2, pp. 241-986.A. Meyer, ‘The Experience of Human Diversity and the Search for Unity: Concepts ofMankind in the Late Enlightenment’ Studi Settecenteschi 21 (2001), 244-64.J. B. Schneewind, ‘Toward Enlightenment: Kant and the Sources of Darkness’, in D.Rutherford (ed.), Cambridge Companion to Early Modern Philosophy (Cambridge, 2006),pp. 328-351.I. Berlin, ‘The Counter-Enlightenment’, in Berlin, Against the Current: Essays in the History ofIdeas, H. Hardy ed., (Oxford, 1981), pp. 1-24.R. E. Norton, ‘The Myth of the Counter-Enlightenment’, Journal of the History of Ideas 68(2007), 635-658.W. Pross, ‘Naturalism, Anthropology and Culture’, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds.), TheCambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 218-247.H. Rosenblatt, ‘The Christian Enlightenment’, in S. J. Brown and T. Tackett eds., TheCambridge History of Christianity, 1600–1815 (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 283–301.J. G. A. Pocock, ‘The Re-Description of Enlightenment’, Proceedings of the British Academy125 (2005), 101-117.J. G. A. Pocock, ‘Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment, Revolution and Counter-

Revolution: A Eurosceptical Inquiry’, History of Political Thought, 20 (1999), 125–39.J.G.A. Pocock, ‘Historiography and Enlightenment: A View of Their History’, ModernIntellectual History 5(2008), 83-96.Robertson, John ‘The Enlightenments of J. G. A. Pocock’, Storia della storiografia –History of Historiography, 39 (2001), 140-51.‘The case for the Enlightenment: a Comparative Approach’, in J. Mali and R. Woklereds., ‘Isaiah Berlin’s Counter-Enlightenment’ Transactions of the AmericanPhilosophical Society, 93 (2003), part 5, 73-90.J. Israel, ‘Enlightenment! Which Enlightenment?’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 67(2006), 523–45.J. Schmidt, ‘Inventing the Enlightenment: British Hegelians, Anti-Jacobins, and theOxford English Dictionary’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 64 (2003), 421–43.J. Schmidt, ‘What Enlightenment Project?’, Political Theory, 734-757.F. Meinecke, ‘Herder’, in Meinecke, Historism: The Rise of a New Historical Outlook, J.E. Anderson ed., (London, 1972), pp. 295-372.C. Taylor, ‘The Importance of Herder’, in Taylor, Philosophical Arguments,(Cambridge MA, 1995), pp. 79-99.S. Wiborg, Political and Cultural Nationalism in Education: The Ideas of Rousseau andHerder concerning National Education’, Comparative Education 36 (2000), 235-243.T. P. Saine, ‘Who’s Afraid of Christian Wolff?’, in A.C. Kors and P.J. Korshin (eds),Anticipations of the Enlightenment in England, France and Germany, (Philadelphia, 1987),pp. 102-33.D. Denby, ‘Herder: Culture, Anthropology and the Enlightenment’, History of the HumanSciences, 18 (2005), 55-76.D. Linker, The Reluctant Pluralism of J. G. Herder, Review of Politics 62 (2000), 267-S. Sikka, ‘Enlightened Relativism: The Case of Herder’, Philosophy and Social Criticism 31(2005), 309-341.S. Meld Shell, ‘Kant’s Idea of History’, in Meld Shell, The Embodiment of Reason: Kant onSpirit, Generation and Community, (Chicago, 1996), pp. 161-89.R. Velkley, ‘The Tension in the Beautiful: On Culture and Civilisation in Rousseau andGerman Philosophy’, in C. Orwin and N. Tarcov (eds), The Legacy of Rousseau, (Chicago,1997), pp. 65-86.28

29B16. COMMERCIAL SOCIETYAND THE AMBIGUITIES OF CIVILISATIONSuggested primary reading:B. Mandeville, The Fable of the Bees, 2 vols., F. B. Kaye ed., (Indianapolis, 1988) A.Ferguson, An Essay on the History of Civil Society, ed. F. Oz-Salzberger (Cambridge,1995)Suggested secondary reading:J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the AtlanticRepublican Tradition, (Princeton NJ, 1975), Chapters 12-14A. O. Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalismbefore its Triumph, (Princeton NJ, 1977)I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), ‘Introduction’ pp. 1-156, andchapters 1, 2, 5 and 6.R. L. Meek, Social Science and the Ignoble Savage, (Cambridge, 1976)D. Winch, Riches and Poverty: An Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain1750-1834, (Cambridge, 1996), Part I, 57-89T. A. Horne, The Social Thought of Bernard Mandeville: Virtue and Commerce in EarlyEighteenth Century England, (London, 1978), Chapter 3.E, J, Hundert, The Enlightenment's Fable (Cambridge, 1994)N. O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance to theEnlightenment, (Princeton NJ, 1980), Parts III and IVH. C. Clark, Compass of Society: Commerce and Absolutism in Old Regime France(Lanham MD, 2007), chapters 2-8.J. Shovlin, The Political Economy of Virtue: Luxury, Patriotism, and the Origins ofthe French Revolution (Ithaca NY, 2006)J.G.A. Pocock, Barbarism and Religion, Vol. 3: The First Decline and Fall (Cambridge,2003), chapter 16, pp. 372-416.J. Robertson, The Scottish Enlightenment and the Militia Issue (Edinburgh, 1985)J. Robertson, The Case for the Enlightenment: Scotland and Naples 1680-1760(Cambridge, 2005), chapter 7, ‘The Advent of Enlightenment: Political Economy in Naples andScotland 1730-1760’, pp. 325-376.I. Hont, ‘The Early Enlightenment Debate on Commerce and Luxury’, in M. Goldie and R.Wokler (eds.), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought(Cambridge, 2006), pp. 379-418.I. Hont, ‘Commercial Society and Political Theory in the Eighteenth Century: the Problem ofAuthority in David Hume and Adam Smith’, in W. Melching and W. Velema (eds), MainTrends in Cultural History: Ten Essays, (Amsterdam, 1994), pp. 54- 94.M. Sonenscher, ‘Property, Community and Citizenship’, in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), TheCambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006), pp. 465-496.J. G. A. Pocock, ‘Virtues, Rights and Manners: A Model for Historians of Political Thought’, inPocock, Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History chiefly in theEighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1985), 37-50J. G. A. Pocock, ‘Perceptions of Modernity in Early Modern Historical Thinking’, IntellectualHistory Review 17 (2007), 79-92.A. O. Hirschman, ‘Rival Views of Market Society’, in Hirschman, Rival Views of MarketSociety and other Recent Essays, (New York, 1986), 105-41D. van Kley, ‘Pierre Nicole, Jansenism, and the Morality of Enlightened Self Interest’ in A. C.

31B17. ENLIGHTENED REFORM AND POLITICS IN EUROPESuggested Primary Reading:Voltaire, Political Writings, ed. D. Williams (Cambridge, 1994)Frederick of Prussia, Anti-Machiavel, ed. P. Sonnino, (Athens, OH, 1981)D. Diderot, Political Writings, eds. J. Hope Mason and R. Wokler (Cambridge, 1992)A. Lentin ed., Enlightened Absolutism (1760-1790): A Documentary Sourcebook,(Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1985)Suggested Secondary Reading:F. Venturi, Utopia and Reform in the Enlightenment, (Cambridge, 1971)F. Venturi, The End of the Old Regime in Europe 1776-1789, 3 vols., (Princeton NJ,1989-1991)R. Koselleck, Critique and Crisis: Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society,(Oxford, 1988)J. I. Israel, Enlightenment Contested: Philosophy, Modernity, and the Emancipation of Man1670-1752 (Oxford, 2006), chapters 9-12.M.A. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century PoliticalThought (Cambridge 2006), especially Parts 1, 2 and 5.E. H. Balázs, Hungary and the Hapsburgs 1765-1800: An Experiment in EnlightenedAbsolutism, (Budapest, 1997)D. Beales, Enlightenment and Reform in Eighteenth-Century Europe (London, 2005),especially chapters 1-3, 11-12.D. Beales, Joseph II, Volume I: In the Shadow of Maria Theresa 1714-1780,(Cambridge, 1987)D. Beales, Joseph II, Volume I: Against the World, 1780-1790 (Cambridge, 2009)U. Adam, The Political Economy of J.H.G. Justi (Berne, 2006), chapters 3-5.T. Blanning, The Pursuit of Glory: Europe 1648-1815 (London, 2007), Parts 2 and 4.H.M. Scott (ed), Enlightened Absolutism: Reform and Reformers in Later Eighteenth-CenturyEurope, (Basingstoke, 1990)J. Gagliardo, Enlightened Despotism, (London, 1968)W. Oppenheim, Europe and the Enlightened Despots, (London, 1990)R. Wines ed., Enlightened Despotism: Reform or Reaction?, (Boston, 1967)M. Cranston, Philosophers and Pamphleteers: Political Theorists of theEnlightenment, (Oxford, 1986)D H.C. Payne, The Philosophers and the People, (New Haven CT, 1976)P. Gay, The Party of Humanity: Essays in the French Enlightenment, (2nd edn., New York,1971)N.O. Keohane, Philosophy and the State in France: The Renaissance and theEnlightenment, (Princeton NJ, 1980)P. Gay, Voltaire’s Politics: The Poet as Realist, (2nd edn., New Haven CT, 1988)H. Mason, Voltaire, (London, 1975)A. Strugnell, Diderot’s Politics: A Study of the Evolution of Diderot’s Political Thoughtafter the Encyclopedie, (The Hague, 1973)I.O. Wade, The Intellectual Origins of the French Enlightenment, (Princeton NJ, 1971)F. Venturi, ‘The European Enlightenment’, in Venturi, Italy and the Enlightenment: Studies ina Cosmopolitan Century, S. Corsi trans., (London, 1972), pp. 1-32.D. Wootton, ‘Introduction. The Republican Tradition: From Commonwealth to CommonSense’, toWootton (ed), Republicanism, Liberty and Commercial Society 1649-1776,

(Stanford CA, 1994), pp. 1-41R. Shackleton, ‘Allies and Enemies: Voltaire and Montesquieu’ and ‘When did the FrenchPhilosophes become a Party’? in Shackleton, Essays on Montesquieu and on theEnlightenment, D. Gilson and M. Smith eds., (Oxford, 1988), pp. 53-70 and 447-60.D. Beales, ‘Philosophical Kingship and Enlightened Despotism’, M. Goldie and R. Wokler(eds), The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2006),pp 497-524.Steiner, Philippe ‘Wealth and Power: Quesnay’s Political Economy of the “AgriculturalKingdom’”, European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 24 (2002), 91-110.P. Cheney, ‘Physiocracy and the Politics of History’, in Cheney, Revolutionary Commerce:Globalization and the French Monarchy (Cambridge MA, 2010), chapter 5, pp. 141-167.G. Parry, ‘Enlightened Government and its Critics in Eighteenth-Century Germany’, HistoricalJournal, 6, (1963), pp. 178-92C. Ingrao, ‘The Problem of "Enlightened Absolutism” and the German States’, Journal ofModern History, 58 (1986), 161–80.Zurbuchen, Simone. ‘Theorizing Enlightened Absolutism: The Swiss Republican Origins ofPrussian Monarchism’ in H. Blom, J. C. Laursen and L. Simonutti, (eds), Monarchisms in theAge of Enlightenment, (Toronto, 2007), pp. 240-66.32

33B18. POLITICAL THOUGHTOF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONSuggested primary reading:J. Madison, A. Hamilton and J. Jay, The Federalist, ed. J.R. Pole (Indianapolis, 2004)H. J. Storing, The Complete Anti-Federalist, (Chicago, 1981)T. Paine, Common Sense, ed. I. Kramnick (Harmondsworth, 1976)T. Jefferson, Political Writings, J. Appleby and T. Ball eds., (Cambridge, 1999)Suggested secondary reading:P. B. Kurland and R. Lerner eds., The Founders’ Constitution, Vol. 1 Major Themes, (5vols., Chicago IL, 1987)The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and LettersDuring the Struggle over Ratification, The Library of America, vols. 62-63, (2 vols., NewYork, 1992)C. Hyneman and D. Lutz eds., American Political Writing during the Founding Era 1760-1805, (2 vols., Indianapolis IN, 1983)B. Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, (Cambridge MA, 1967)J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the AtlanticRepublican Tradition, (Princeton NJ, 1975), Chapter 15.P. A. Rahe, Republics, Ancient and Modern. Volume III. Inventions of Prudence:Constituting the American Regime, (3 vols., Chapel Hill NC, 1994)B. Manin, The Principles of Representative Government, (Cambridge, 1997)P. N. Miller, Defining the Common Good: Empire, Religion and Philosophy in EighteenthCentury Britain, (Cambridge, 1994)G. S. Wood, The Creation of the American Republic 1776-1787, (Williamsburg VA, 1969)G.S. Wood, Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789-1815, (Oxford, 2010)S. Beer, To Make a Nation: The Rediscovery of American Federalism, (Cambridge MA, 1993)D. F. Epstein, The Political Theory of ‘The Federalist’, (Chicago, 1984)J. Storing, What the Anti-Federalists Were For (Chicago IL, 1981)M. J. C. Vile, Constitutionalism and the Separation of Powers, 2nd edn., (Indianapolis IN,1998), chapter 6 ‘The Doctrine of America’, pp. 131-192.L. Banning, The Sacred Fire of Liberty: James Madison and the Founding of the FederalRepublic, (Ithaca NY, 1995)C. A. Sheehan, James Madison and the Spirit of Republican Self-Government (Cambridge,2009)E. Nelson, The Greek Tradition in Republican Thought (Cambridge, 2004), chapter 6 ‘TheGreek Tradition and the American Founding’, pp. 195-233.L. Banning, The Jeffersonian Persuasion: Evolution of a Party Ideology, (Ithaca NY, 1974)P. S. Onuf, Jefferson’s Empire: The Language of American Nationhood, (Charlottesville VA,2000)D. N. Mayer, The Constitutional Thought of Thomas Jefferson, (Charlottesville VA, 1994)T. S. Engeman ed., Thomas Jefferson and the Politics of Nature, (Notre Dame IN, 2000)G. L. McDowell and S. L. Noble, Reason and Republicanism: Thomas Jefferson’s Legacyof Liberty, (Lanham MD, 1997)G. S. Wood, ‘The American Enlightenment’, in G. McDowell and J. O’Neill (eds), Americaand Enlightenment Constitutionalism, (Basinstoke, 2006), pp. 159–75.G. S. Wood, ‘The American Revolution’, in Mark Goldie and Robert Wokler (eds), TheCambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge 2006), ch.21.

J. G. A. Pocock, ‘1776: The Revolution against Parliament’, in Pocock (ed), Three BritishRevolutions: 1641, 1688 and 1776, (Princeton NJ, 1980), pp. 265-88.J. G. A. Pocock, ‘Empire, State and Confederation: the War of American Independence asa Crisis in Multiple Monarchy’, in J. Robertson (ed), A Union for Empire: Political Thoughtand the Union of 1707, (Cambridge, 1995), pp. 318-48.J. G. A. Pocock, ‘Political Thought in the English-Speaking Atlantic 1760-1790’, in J. G. A.Pocock, G. Schochet and L. Schwoerer (eds), The Varieties of British Political Thought1500-1800, (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 246-317.J. P. Greene, ‘Negotiated Authorities: The Problem of Governance in the Extended Politiesof the Early Modern Atlantic World’ in Greene, Negotiated Authorities: Essays in ColonialPolitical and Constitutional History, (Charlottesville VA, 1994), pp. 1-24.J. P. Greene, ‘The Concept of Virtue in Late Colonial British America’, in R. K. Matthews(ed), Virtue, Corruption and Self-Interest: Political Values in the Eighteenth Century, (London,1994), pp. 27-54.D. Armitage, ‘The Declaration of Independence and International Law’, William and MaryQuarterly, 59 (2002), 39–64.D. Adair, ‘“That Politics May Be Reduced to a Science”: David Hume, James Madison, and theTenth Federalist’, in T. Colbourn (ed), Fame and the Founding Fathers Essays of DouglassAdair, with a Personal Memoir by Caroline Robbins and a Bibliographical Essay by RobertShalhope (Indiananapolis IN, 1998), pp. 132-51P. S. Onuf, ‘State Sovereignty and the Making of the Constitution’, in T. Ball and J. G. A.Pocock (eds), Conceptual Change and the Constitution, (Kansas, 1988), pp. 8-98M. Forsyth, ‘Alexander Hamilton, James Jay and James Madison: The Federalist’, inM. Forsyth, M. Keens-Soper and J. Hoffman (eds), The Political Classics: Hamilton to Mill,(Oxford, 1993), pp. 9-43.G. S. Wood, ‘Is There a “James Madison’ Problem?’, in D. Womersley (ed), Liberty and theAmerican Experience in the Eighteenth Century (Indianapolis IN, 2006), pp. 425-447.B. Manin, ‘Checks, Balances and Boundaries: the Separation of Powers in the ConstitutionalDebate of 1787’, in B. Fontana (ed), The Invention of the Modern Republic, (Cambridge, 1994),pp. 27-62.D. Wootton, ‘Liberty, Metaphor, and Mechanism: “Checks and Balances” and the Origins ofModem Constitutionalism’, in Womersley (ed), Liberty and the American Experience in theEighteenth Century, pp. 209-274.L. Banning, ‘Jeffersonian Ideology Revisited: Liberal and Classical Ideas in the New AmericanRepublic’, William and Mary Quarterly, 43 (1986), 2-19.J. Appleby, ‘What is Still American in the Political Philosophy of Thomas Jefferson?’, Williamand Mary Quarterly, 39 (1982), 287–309.L. Banning, ‘Some Second Thoughts on Virtue and the Course of Revolutionary Thinking’,in T. Ball and J. G. A. Pocock (eds), Conceptual Change and the Constitution, pp. 194-212.S. Fleischacker, ‘Adam Smith’s Reception Among the American Founders, 1776-1790’William and Mary Quarterly 59 (2002),34

Historical Perspective’, in Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), pp. 447-528M. Sonenscher, ‘The Nation’s Debt and the Birth of the Modern Republic: The FrenchFiscal Deficit and the Politics of the Revolution of 1789’, History of Political Thought, 18 (1997),64-103M. Sonenscher, ‘Republicanism, State Finances and the Emergence of Commercial Societyin Eighteenth-Century France—or from Royal to Ancient Republicanism, and Back’ in M.van Gelderen and Q. Skinner, (eds), Republicanism: A Shared European Heritage, (2 vols.,Cambridge, 2002); vol. 2, pp. 275-291M. Forsyth, ‘Emmanuel Sièyes: What is the Third Estate?’, in M. Forsyth, M. Keens-Soperand J. Hoffman (eds), The Political Classics: Hamilton to Mill, (Oxford, 1993), 44-75C. Jones, ‘The Framework of Government’, in Jones, The Longman Companion to the FrenchRevolution, (London, 1988), pp. 60-74T. Skocpol and M. Kestenbaum, ‘Mars Unshackled: The French Revolution in World-HistoricalPerspective’, in F. Fehér (ed), The French Revolution and the Birth of Modernity, (BerkeleyCA, 1990), pp. 13-29.36

37B20. DISSENT AND THE POLITICSOF RIGHTS IN LATE-18 TH CENTURY BRITAINSuggested primary reading:R. Price, Political Writings, ed. D. O. Thomas (Cambridge, 1991)J. Priestley, Political Writings, ed. P. N. Miller (Cambridge, 1993)W. Godwin, An Enquiry concerning Political Justice, ed. I. Kramnick (3rd ed.,Harmondsworth, 1976)T. Paine, The Rights of Man, ed. G. Claeys (Indianapolis IN, 1992)The Politics of English Jacobinism: Writings of John Thelwall, ed. G. Claeys (PennStation PN, 1995)Suggested secondary reading:K. Haakonssen ed., Enlightenment and Religion: Rational Dissent in Eighteenth-CenturyBritain, (Cambridge, 1996)A. Lincoln, Some Political and Social Ideas of English Dissent 1763-1800, (New York,1971)G. Claeys, The French Revolution Debate in Britain: The Origins of Modern Politics(London, 2007)J. C. D. Clark, English Society 1660-1832: Religion, Ideology and Politics during the AncienRegime, (2nd edn., Cambridge, 2000)P. N. Miller, Defining the Common Good: Empire, Religion and Philosophy in EighteenthCentury Britain, (Cambridge, 1994)I. Kramnick, Republicanism and Bourgeois Radicalism: Political Ideology in Late Eighteenth-Century England and America (Ithaca NY, 1990), Chapters 1-3, 6-7R. Lund, The Margins of Orthodoxy: Heterodox Writing and Cultural Response, 1660-1750, (Cambridge, 1995)E. Bradley, Religion, Revolution and English Radicalism: Non-Conformity in Eighteenth-Century Politics and Society, (Cambridge, 1990)D. O. Thomas, The Honest Mind: The Thought and Work of Richard Price, (Oxford, 1977)G. Claeys, Thomas Paine: Social and Political Thought, (London, 1989)M. Philp, Godwin’s Political Justice, (London, 1986)J. Brewer, ‘English Radicalism in the Age of George III’, in J. G. A. Pocock (ed), ThreeBritish Revolutions: 1641, 1688, 1776, (Princeton NJ, 1980), pp. 323-67M. Canovan, ‘The Irony of History: Priestley’s Rational Theology’, Price-PriestleyNewsletter, 4 (1980), 16-25Fitzpatrick, ‘Reflections on a Footnote: Richard Price and Love of Country’, Enlightenmentand Dissent, 6 (1987), 41-58M. Fitzpatrick, ‘Heretical Religion and Radical Political Ideas in Late-Eighteenth CenturyEngland’, in E. Hellmuth (ed), The Transformation of Political Culture: England andGermany in the late Eighteenth Century, (Oxford, 1990), pp. 339-74J. Fruchtman Jnr., ‘The Apocalyptic Politics of Richard Price and Joseph Priestley: A Study inLate-Eighteenth Century English Republican Millennialism’, Transactions of the AmericanPhilosophical Society, 73 (1983), Part 4, 1-125I. Hampsher-Monk ‘British Radicalism and the Anti-Jacobins’ in M. Goldie and R. Woklereds., The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge 2006), ch. 23G. Claeys ‘William Godwin’s Critique of Democracy and Republicanism and Its Sources’History of European Ideas, 7 (1986), 253-269

C. Hay, ‘The Making of a Radical: The Case of James Burgh’, Journal of British Studies, 18(1979), 90-117I. Kramnick, ‘Corruption in Eighteenth-Century English and American Political Discourse’,in R. K. Matthews (ed), Virtue, Corruption and Self-Interest: Political Values in theEighteenth Century, (Bethlehem PA, 1994), pp. 55-75J. G. A. Pocock, ‘Josiah Tucker on Burke, Locke and Price: A Study in the Varieties ofEighteenth-Century Conservatism’, in Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on PoliticalThought and History, chiefly in the Eighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 157-92J. G. A. Pocock, ‘Political Thought in the English-speaking Atlantic, 1760-1790’, in J. G. A.Pocock, G. J. Schochet and L. G. Schwoerer (eds), The Varieties of British PoliticalThought 1500-1800, (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 246-317M. Philp, ‘Disconcerting Ideas: Explaining Popular Radicalism and Popular Loyalism in the1790s' in G Burgess and M Festenstein (eds), English Radicalism 1550-1850 (Cambridge,2007), pp. 157-189M. Philp, ‘English Republicanism in the 1790s’, Journal of Political Philosophy 6 (1998),235-262M. Philp, ‘Rational Religion and Political Radicalism’, Enlightenment and Dissent, 4 (1985), 35-46J. C. D. Clark, ‘Religion and the Origins of Radicalism in Nineteenth-century Britain’, GBurgess and M Festenstein (eds), English Radicalism 1550-1850 (Cambridge, 2007), pp.241-284.38

39B21. GERMAN POLITICAL THOUGHT 1780-1810Suggested primary reading:F. Schiller, On the Aesthetic Education of Man: in a Series of Letters, eds. E. M. Wilkinsonand L. A. Willoughby eds., (Oxford, 1967)W. von Humboldt, The Limits of State Action, J. W. Burrow ed., (Indianapolis IN, 1993)J. G. Fichte, Addresses to the German Nation, ed. G. Moore (Cambridge, 2009)F. C. Beiser ed., The Early Political Writings of the German Romantics, (Cambridge, 1996),especially 1-7, 59-81, 93-113, 123-41Suggested secondary reading:H. C. Reiss (ed), The Political Thought of the German Romantics, 1793-1815, (Oxford, 1955)K. Ameriks (ed), The Cambridge Companion to German Idealism, (Cambridge, 2000) F. C.Beiser, The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte, (Cambridge MA,1987), Chapters 1-5F. C. Beiser, Enlightenment, Revolution and Romanticism: The Genesis of Modern GermanPolitical Thought 1790-1800, (Cambridge MA, 1992)F. C. Beiser, Schiller as Philosopher: A Re-Examination (Oxford, 2005)F. C. Beiser, The Romantic Imperative: The Concept of Early German Romanticism(Cambridge, MA, 2003)G. N. Izenberg, Impossible Individuality: Romanticism, Revolution and the Origins of ModernSelfhood, 1787-1802, (Princeton NJ, 1992), Parts I-IIG. A. Kelly, Idealism, Politics and History: Sources of Hegelian Thought, (London, 1969)B. Yack, The Longing for Total Revolution: Philosophic Sources of Social Discontent fromRousseau to Marx and Nietzche, (Princeton NJ, 1986), Chapters 3 and 4G. Iggers, The German Conception of History: The National Tradition of HistoricalThought from Herder to the Present, (2nd edn., Middletown CT, 1983)L. Krieger, The German Idea of Freedom: History of a Political Tradition, (Boston MA,1957)I. Nakhimovsky, The Closed Commercial State: Perpetual Peace and CommercialSociety from Rousseau to Fichte (Princeton, 2011)J. La Vopa, Fichte, The Self and the Calling of Philosophy, 1762-1799, (Cambridge,2001)F. Meinecke, The Age of German Liberation, 1795-1815, R. Paret ed., (Berkeley CA, 1977)P. J. Kain, Schiller, Hegel and Marx: State, Society and the Aesthetic Model in Ancient Greece,(Kingston Ont., 1982)R. D. Miller, Schiller on the Ideal of Freedom: A Study of Schiller’s Philosophical Workswith Chapters on Kant, (Oxford, 1970)J. Reed, Schiller, (Oxford, 1991)J. Schmidt (ed), What is Enlightenment? Eighteenth-Century Answers and Twentieth-CenturyQuestions, (Berkeley CA, 1966)I. Berlin, ‘The Counter-Enlightenment’, in Berlin, Against the Current: Essays in the History ofIdeas, (London, 1981), 1-24R. E. Norton, ‘The Myth of the Counter-Enlightenment’, Journal of the History of Ideas 68(2007), 635-658.J. van der Zande, “In the Image of Cicero: German Philosophy between Wolff and Kant,”Journal of the History of Ideas 56 (1995), 419-442.

J. La Vopa, ‘The Revelatory Moment: Fichte and the French Revolution’, Central EuropeanHistory 22 (1989): 130-159.J. Gauthier, ‘Schiller’s Critique of Kant’s Moral Psychology’, Canadian Journal ofPhilosophy 27 (1977), 513-44H. Reiss, ‘The Concept of the Aesthetic State in the Work of Schiller and Novalis’Publications of the English Goethe Society 26 (1956), 26-51Schmidt, A, ‘The Liberty of the Ancients? Friedrich Schiller and Aesthetic Republicanism’,History of Political Thought, 30 (2009), 286-314G. A. Craig, ‘Friedrich Schiller and the Problems of Power’, in L. Krieger and F. Stern (eds),The Responsibility of Power, (London, 1968), pp. 125-44D. Van Engelhardt, ‘Romanticism in Germany’, in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds),Romanticism in National Context, (Cambridge, 1988), pp. 109-33.U. Vogel, ‘Liberty is Beautiful: von Humboldt’s Gift to Liberalism’, History of PoliticalThought, 3 (1982), 77-101.40

41B22. NINETEENTH CENTURY BRITISH SOCIAL CRITICISMSuggested primary reading:R. Southey, Sir Thomas More: Or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society, 2 vols.,(London, 1829)S. Coleridge, On the Constitution of the Church and State, J. Colmer ed., (London, 1976)S. Coleridge, On Politics and Society, J. Morrow ed., (Basingstoke, 1990)J. S. Mill, ‘On Coleridge’, in F. R. Leavis ed., Mill on Bentham and Coleridge, (London, 1962)T. Carlyle, Past and Present, A. M. D. Hughes ed., (Oxford, 1918)T. Carlyle, Latter-Day Pamphlets, M. K. Goldberg and J. P. Speigel eds., (Ottawa, 1983)M. Arnold, Culture and Anarchy and other Writings, S. Collini ed., (Cambridge, 1993)Suggested secondary reading:S. Collini, Public Moralists: Political Thought and Intellectual Life in Britain 1850- 1930,(Oxford, 1991)M. Butler, Romantics, Rebels and Reactionaries: English Literature and itsBackground, 1760-1830, (Oxford, 1981)R. Williams, Culture and Society, 1780-1950, (New York, 1958)D. Herzog, Poisoning the Minds of the Lower Orders (Princeton NJ, 1998)N. Thompson, The Market and Its Critics: Socialist Political Economy in Nineteenth-Century Britain (London, 1988)N. Thompson, The Real Rights of Man: Political Economies for the Working Class, 1775-1850(London, 1998)P. Connell, Romanticism, Economics and the Question of ‘Culture’, (Oxford, 2001)M. H. Abrams, Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Romantic Literature,(New York, 1973)D. Roberts, Paternalism in Early Victorian England (London, 1979) Parts I and III.N. Leask, The Politics of Imagination in Coleridge’s Critical Thought, (Basingstoke, 1988)J. Morrow, Coleridge’s Political Thought: Property, Morality and the Limits of TraditionalDiscourse, (Basingstoke, 1990)R. Holmes, Coleridge: Early Visions, (London, 1989)R. Holmes, Coleridge: Darker Reflections, (London, 1998)P. Edwards, The Statesman’s Science: History, Nature and Law in the Political Thought ofSamuel Taylor Coleridge, New York, 2004)C. Gallagher, The Industrial Reformation of English Fiction: Social Discourse and NarrativeForm 1832-1867, (Chicago, 1985)W. F. Kennedy, Humanist versus Economist: The Economic Thought of Samuel TaylorColeridge, (n.p., 1958)J. Morrow, Thomas Carlyle, (New Brunswick, NJ, 2006)J. D. Rosenberg, Carlyle and the Burden of History, (Oxford, 1985)C. Van den Bossche, Carlyle and the Search for Authority, (Columbus OH, 1991)R. Holmes, Coleridge: Early Visions, (London, 1989)R. Holmes, Coleridge: Darker Reflections, (London, 1998)S. Collini, Arnold (Oxford, 1988)J. Carroll, The Cultural Theory of Matthew Arnold (Berkeley CA, 1982)P. Allen, ‘S. T. Coleridge’s Church and State and the Idea of an IntellectualEstablishment’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 46 (1985), 89-106D. Eastwood, ‘Robert Southey and the Intellectual Origins of Romantic Conservatism’,

English Historical Review, 104 (1989), 308-31A. S. Link, ‘Samuel Taylor Coleridge and the Economic and Social Crisis of Great Britain’,Journal of the History of Ideas, 9 (148), 323-36J. Morrow, ‘The National Church in Coleridge’s Church and State: A Response to Allen’,Journal of the History of Ideas, 47 (1986), 640-52D. Winch, ‘Mr Gradgrind and Jerusalem’, in S. Collini, R. Whatmore and B. Young (eds),Economy, Polity and Society: British Intellectual History 1750-1950, (Cambridge,2000), pp. 243-66.42

43B23. CLASSICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY AND ITS CRITICSSuggested primary reading:T. R. Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, G. Gilbert ed., (Oxford, 1999)J. Mill, Selected Economic Writings, D. Winch ed., (Edinburgh, 1966)J.-B. Say, An Economist in Troubled Times, R. R. Palmer ed., (Princeton NJ, 1997)J. B. Say, Selections from ‘A Treatise of Political Economy’, in P. Bridel ed., TheFoundations of Price Theory, 6 vols., (London, 2001)J. C. L. Sismonde de Sismondi, Political Economy and the Philosophy ofGovernment, (London, 1847)Suggested secondary reading:J. Schumpeter, History of Economic Analysis, E. B. Schumpeter ed., (London, 1955), Part III.D. Winch, Riches and Poverty: An Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain1750-1834, (Cambridge, 1996)D. Winch, Wealth and Life: Essays on the Intellectual History of Political Economy inBritain, 1848-1914 (Cambridge, 2009)E. Rothschild, ‘Political Economy’, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The CambridgeHistory of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: 2011)T. A. Horne, Property Rights and Poverty: Political Argument in Britain 1605-1834 (Chapel HillNC, 1990), chapters 4-6.P. Mandler, Aristocratic Government in the Age of Reform: Whigs and Liberals 1830- 1852,(Oxford, 1990)S. Collini, D. Winch and J. Burrow, That Noble Science of Politics: A Study in NineteenthCentury Intellectual History, (Cambridge, 1983), chapter 2B. Fontana, Rethinking the Politics of Commercial Society: The Edinburgh Review 1802-1832, (Cambridge, 1985)D. P. O’Brien, The Classical Economists (Oxford, 1975)D. P. O’Brien, The Classical Economists Revisited (Princeton NJ, 2004)N. Thompson, The Market and Its Critics: Socialist Political Economy in Nineteenth-Century Britain (London, 1988)N. Thompson, The Real Rights of Man: Political Economies for the Working Class, 1775-1850(London, 1998)D. McNally, Against the Market: Political Economy, Market Socialism and the MarxistCritique, (London, 1993), chapters 3 and 4C. Coleman, Myth, History and the Industrial Revolution, (London, 1992)K. Polanyi, The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time(Boston MA, 2001)G. Stedman Jones, An End to Poverty? A Historical Debate (London, 2004)R. G. Cowherd, Political Economists and the English Poor Laws: A Historical Study of theInfluence of Classical Economics on the Formation of Social Welfare Policy, (Athens OH,1977)M. E. Rose, The English Poor Law, 1780-1930, (Newton Abbot, 1971)G. Himmelfarb, The Idea of Poverty: England in the Industrial Age, (London, 1984), Chapters 4and 5B. Hilton, The Age of Atonement: The Influence of Evangelicalism on Social and EconomicThought 1795-1865, (Oxford, 1988), especially chapter 2A. M. C. Waterman, Revolution, Economics and Religion: Christian Political Economy,

1798-1833, (Cambridge, 1991)M. Milgate and S. C. Stimson, Ricardian Politics, (Princeton NJ, 1991)M. Milgate and S. C. Stimson, After Adam Smith: A Century of Transformation in Politics andPolitical Economy (Princeton NJ, 2009), chapters 7-12.E. Forget, The Social Economics of Jean-Baptiste Say: Market and Virtue, (London, 1999)I. Hampsher-Monk ‘John Thelwall and the Eighteenth-Century Radical Response to PoliticalEconomy’, Historical Journal, 34 (1991), 1-20N. Churchman, ‘Public Debt Policy and Public Extravagance: The Ricardo-Malthus Debate’,History of Political Economy 31 (1999), 653-673F. C. Maclachlan, ‘The Ricardo-Malthus Debate on Underconsumption: A Case Study inEconomic Conversation’, History of Political Economy 31 (1999), 561-574T. Peach, ‘The Age of the Universal Consumer: A Reconsideration of Ricardo’s Politics’,European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 4 (1997), 217-236P. Groenewegen, ‘Thomas Carlyle, “the Dismal Science” and the Contemporary PoliticalEconomy of Slavery’, History of Economics Review, 34 (2001), 74-94.44

45B24. SOCIALISM BEFORE 1848Suggested primary reading:H. de Saint-Simon, The Political Thought of Saint-Simon, G. Ionescu ed., (Oxford, 1976)H. de. Saint-Simon, Selected Writings on Science, Industry and Social Organisation, K.Taylor ed., (London, 1975)C. Fourier, The Utopian Vision of Charles Fourier: Selected Texts on Work, Love and PassionateAttraction, J. Beecher and R. Bienvenu eds., (Boston MA, 1971)C. Fourier, The Theory of the Four Movements, G. Stedman Jones and I. Patterson eds.,(Cambridge, 1996)P.-J. Proudhon, What is Property?, D. R. Kelley and B. G. Smith eds., (Cambridge, 1994)P.-J. Proudhon, General Idea of Revolution in the Nineteenth Century, R. Graham ed.,(London, 1989)R. Owen, A New View of Society and other Writings, G. Claeys ed., (Harmondsworth, 1991)F. Engels, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, in K. Marx and F. Engels, Collected Works,vol. 24, (London, 1988), pp. 281-325.Suggested secondary reading:L. von Stein, The History of the Social Movement in France 1789-1850, K.Mengelberg (ed), (Totowa NJ, 1964)E. Durkheim, Socialism and Saint-Simon, A. W. Gouldner (ed), (London, 1959)L. Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1 The Founders (Oxford, 1978), chapter 10.F. E. Manuel, The New World of Henri Saint-Simon, (Cambridge, 1956)F. E. Manuel, The Prophets of Paris, (Cambridge MA, 1962)D. R. Kelley, Historians and the Law in Postrevolutionary France, (Princeton NJ, 1984)J. Beecher, Victor Considerant and the Rise and Fall of French Romantic Socialism, (BerkeleyCA, 2001)J. Beecher, Charles Fourier: The Visionary and his World, (London, 1986)G. Glaeys, ‘Non-Marxian Socialism 1815-1914’, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), TheCambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: forthcoming July2011)G. Claeys, Citizens and Saints: Politics and Anti-Politics in Early British Socialism, (Cambridge,1989)J. C. Harrison, Robert Owen and the Owenites in Britain and America: The Quest for the NewMoral World, (London, 1969)A. Taylor, Visions of Harmony: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Millenarianism (Oxford, 1987)B. Taylor, Eve and the New Jerusalem: Socialism and Feminism in the Nineteenth Century,(London, 1983)N. Thompson, The Market and Its Critics: Socialist Political Economy in Nineteenth-Century Britain (London, 1988)N. Thompson, The Real Rights of Man: Political Economies for the Working Class, 1775-1850(London, 1998)N. Thompson, The People’s Science: The Popular Political Economy of Exploitation andCrisis 1816-34 (Cambridge, 1984)R. L. Hoffman, Revolutionary Justice: The Social and Political Theory of Pierre-JosephProudhon, (Urbana IL, 1972)S. Vincent, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and the Rise of French Republicanism, (Oxford,1984)M. Malia, Alexander Herzen and the Birth of Russian Socialism 1812-1855, (London, 1961)W. H. Oliver, ‘Owen in 1817: the Millenialist Moment’, in S. Pollard and J. Salt (eds),Robert Owen: Prophet of the Poor, (London, 1971), pp. 166-88.G. Stedman Jones, ‘Rethinking Chartism’, in Stedman Jones, Languages of Class: Studies in

English Working Class History 1832-1982, (Cambridge, 1983), 90-178J. E. King, ‘Utopian or scientific? A reconsideration of the Ricardian socialists History ofPolitical Economy 15 (1983), 345-373.E. Berenson, ‘A New Religion of the Left: Christianity and Social Radicalism in France1815-1848’, in F. Furet and M. Ozouf (eds), The French Revolution and the Creation ofModern Political Culture, (3 vols.,Oxford, 1989), pp. 543-60.K. M. Baker, ‘Closing the French Revolution: Saint-Simon and Comte’, in F. Furet and M.Ozouf (eds), The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture VolumeIII: The Transformation of Political Culture 1789-1848, pp. 323-39.R. Wokler, ‘Saint-Simon and the Passage from Political to Social Science’, in A. Pagden(ed), The Languages of Political Theory in Early Modern Europe, (Cambridge, 1987), 323-38.L. Dickey, ‘Saint-Simonian Industrialism as the End of History: August Czieskowski onthe Teleology of Universal History’, M. Bull (ed), Apocalypse Theory and the Ends of theWorld (Oxford, 1995)G. Stedman Jones, ‘Saint Simon and the Liberal Origins of the Socialist Critique ofPolitical Economy’ in La France et l’Angleterre au XIXe siècle. Échanges,représentations, comparaisons, S. Aprile and F. Bensimon (eds), (Grâne, 2006), pp. 21-47.L. F. Goldstein, ‘Early Feminist Themes in French Utopian Socialism: The SaintSimoniansand Fourier’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 43 (1982), 91-108.D. Gregory, ‘Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels’ Knowledge of French Socialism in 1842-3’,Historical Reflections, 10 (1983), 143-93D. Leopold, ‘The Structure of Marx and Engels’ Considered Account of Utopian Socialism’,History of Political Thought, 26 (2005), 443-466.D. Leopold, ‘Socialism and Utopia’, Journal of Political Ideologies, 12 (2007), 219-237.O. Kurer, ‘J.S. Mill and Utopian Socialism’, Economic Record 68 (1992), 222-232.P. Groenewegen, ‘Thomas Carlyle, “the Dismal Science” and the Contemporary PoliticalEconomy of Slavery’, History of Economics Review, 34 (2001), 74-94.M. Rubel, ‘Non-Market Socialism in the Nineteenth Century’, in M. Rubel and J. Crump(eds), Non-Market Socialism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, (Basingstoke,1987), pp. 10-34.46

47B25. LEFT HEGELIANISM ANDTHE DEVELOPMENT OF MARXIAN THOUGHTSuggested primary reading:The Young Hegelians: An Anthology, S. Stepelevich ed., (Cambridge, 1982)D. F. Strauss, The Life of Jesus Critically Examined, P. C. Hodgson ed., (London, 1973)L. Feuerbach, ‘Provisional Theses for the Reform of Philosophy’, in Z. Hanfi ed., The FieryBrook: Selected Writings of Ludwig Feuerbach, (New York, 1972)M. Hess, ‘The Philosophy of the Act’, in A. Fried and R. Sanders eds., Socialist Thought: ADocumentary History, (Edinburgh, 1964)M. Stirner, The Ego and its Own, D. Leopold ed., (Cambridge, 1995)K. Marx, ‘Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right’, K. Marx and F. Engels,Collected Works, vol. 3, (London, 1975), pp. 175-88F. Engels, ‘Outline of a Critique of Political Economy’ in K. Marx and F. Engels, CollectedWorks, vol. 3, (London, 1975), pp. 418-44Suggested secondary reading:G. Stedman Jones, ‘The Young Hegelians, Marx and Engels’, in G. Stedman Jones & G.Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge:2011)J. E. Toews, Hegelianism: The Path Toward Dialectical Humanism, 1805-1841,(Cambridge, 1980)W. Breckman, Marx, the Young Hegelians and the Origins of Radical Social Theory,(Cambridge, 2001)L. Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism, Vol. 1 The Founders (Oxford, 1978), chapters 2-5.B. Yack, The Longing for Total Revolution: Philosophic Sources of Social Discontent fromRousseau to Marx and Nietzche, (Princeton NJ, 1986), Chapters 5 and 6D. McLellan, The Young Hegelians and Karl Marx, (London, 1969)D. Moggach (ed.), The New Hegelians: Politics and Philosophy in the Hegelian School,(Cambridge, 2006)D. Moggach, The Philosophy and Politics of Bruno Bauer, (Cambridge, 2002)R. Gascoigne, Religion, Rationality and Community: Sacred and Secular in the Thought ofHegel and his Critics, (Dordrecht, 1985)J. R. Gillis, The Prussian Bureaucracy in Crisis, 1840-1860: Origins of anAdministrative Ethos, (Stanford CA, 1981)K. H. Ilting, ‘Hegel’s Concept of the State and Marx’s Early Critique’, in Z. A. Pelczynski(ed), The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegel’s Political Philosophy, (Cambridge, 1984),93-114K. Löwith, From Hegel to Nietzche: The Revolution in Nineteenth-Century Thought, (London,1965)J. Habermas, ‘Marx’s Metacritique of Hegel through Social Labour’, in Habermas,Knowledge and Human Interests, (London, 1972), 25-42F. D. Marquardt, ‘Pauperism in Germany during the Vormärz’, Central European History,11 (1969), 77-88Z. A. Pelczynski, ‘Nation, Civil Society, State: Hegelian Sources of the Marxian Non-Theory of Nationality’, in Pelczynski (ed), The State and Civil Society: Studies in Hegel’sPolitical Philosophy, (Cambridge, 1984), 262-78L. Stepelevich, ‘Max Stirner as a Hegelian’, Journal of the History of Ideas, 46 (1985),597-614.

48B26. SOCIAL SCIENCE AND POLITICAL THOUGHTSuggested primary reading:H. Saint-Simon, The Political Thought of Saint-Simon, G. Ionescu ed., (Oxford, 1976)A. Comte, The Crisis of Industrial Civilization: The Early Essays of Auguste Comte, R.Fletcher ed., (London, 1974)A. Comte, Introduction to Positive Philosophy, F. Ferré ed., (Indianapolis, IN, 1988); alsoavailable in Comte’s Early Political Writings, ed. H S Jones, Cambridge University Press.J. S. Mill, Auguste Comte and Positivism, (Ann Arbor MI, 1968)E. Durkheim, The Division of Labour in Society, L. A. Coser ed., (New York, 1997)Suggested secondary reading:J. Burrow, The Crisis of Reason: European Thought, 1848-1914, (New Haven CT, 2000)J. Burrow, Evolution and Society: A Study in Victorian Social Theory, (London, 1966)S. Collini, D. Winch and J. Burrow (eds), That Noble Science of Politics: A Study in NineteenthCentury Intellectual History, (Cambridge, 1983)C.B. Welch, ‘Social Science from the Revolution to Positivism’, in G. Stedman Jones &G. Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought(Cambridge: forthcoming July 2011)F.A. Hayek, The Counter-Revolution of Science: Studies in the Abuse of Reason, (London,c.1955), Part IR. Aron, Main Currents of Sociological Thought, 2 vols., (Harmondsworth, 1968-70)J. Heilbron, The Rise of Social Theory, (Cambridge, 1995), Parts 2 and 3.H. S. Hughes, Consciousness and Society: The Reorientation of European Social Thought,1890-1930, (London, 1959)M. Mandelbaum, History, Man and Reason: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Thought,(Baltimore, 1971)F.E. Manuel, The New World of Henri Saint-Simon, (Cambridge, 1956)A. Wernick, Auguste Comte and the Religion of Humanity: the Post-Theistic Programme ofFrench Social Theory, (Cambridge 2005)M. Pickering, Auguste Comte: An Intellectual Biography. Vols. 1-3, (Cambridge, 1993-2010), especially Volume 2, chapters 6, 7, 9 and 10E. Caird, The Social Philosophy and Religion of Comte, (Bristol, 1999)D. G. Charleton, Positivist Thought in France during the Second Empire, 1852-70, (Oxford,1959)W.N. Simon, European Positivism in the Nineteenth Century: An Essay in Intellectual History,(Ithaca NY, 1963)E. Evans-Pritchard, The Sociology of Comte: An Appreciation, (Manchester, 1970)L. Goldman, Science, Reform and Politics in Victorian Britain: The Social Science Association1857-1885, (Cambridge, 2002)K.M. Baker, ‘Closing the French Revolution: Saint-Simon and Comte’, in F. Furet and M.Ozouf (eds), The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture VolumeIII: The Transformation of Political Culture 1789-1848, (Oxford, 1989), 323-39G. Claeys, ‘“The Survival of the Fittest” and the Origins of Social Darwinism’, Journal ofthe History of Ideas, 61 (2000), 223-40S. Gordon, ‘French Positivism and the Beginnings of Sociology’, in Gordon, The Historyand Philosophy of Social Science, (London, 1991), 271-304M. Drolet, ‘Tocqueville’s Interest in the Social: or How Statistics Informed his "New Science

of Politics"’, History of European Ideas, 31 (2005), 451-471.R.Wokler, ‘Ideology and the Origins of Social Science’ in M. Goldie and R. Wokler (eds), TheCambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge 2006), ch. 24R. Wokler, ‘Saint-Simon and the Passage from Political to Social Science’, in A. Pagden(ed), The Languages of Political Theory in Early Modern Europe, (Cambridge, 1987), 323-38L.Raeder, John Stuart Mill and the Religion of Humanity (Columbia: University of MissouriPress, 2002).R. Scharff, Comte after Positivism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).R. Vernon, “Auguste Comte and the Withering-away of the State”, Journal of the History ofIdeas, 45, 1984, 549–66.T. R. Wright, The Religion of Humanity: The Impact of Comtean Positivism on VictorianBritain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).49

51B27. INDIVIDUALISM, DEMOCRACYAND REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENTSuggested primary reading:W. Bagehot, ‘Parliamentary Reform’ and ‘The English Constitution’, in The CollectedWorks of Walter Bagehot, N. St J.- Stevas ed., (London, 1965-), Vols. 5-6H. Maine, Popular Government. Four Essays, (London, 1885)J. S. Mill, ‘Considerations on Representative Government’, in Utilitarianism, On Liberty;Considerations on Representative Government &c., G. Williams ed., (London, 1993)H. Spencer, Political Writings, ed. J. Offer (Cambridge, 1994); also available in variouseditions of Proper Sphere of Government and Man versus the StateJ. Fitzjames Stephen, ‘Liberty, Equality and Fraternity’, in Liberty, Equality and Fraternityand Three Brief Essays, ed. R. J. White (Chicago, 1991)Suggested secondary reading:H. S. Jones, Victorian Political Thought (Basingstoke, 2000)J. Burrow, Whigs and Liberals: Continuity and Change in Nineteenth Century EnglishPolitical Thought, (Oxford, 1988)S. Collini, Public Moralists: Political Thought and Intellectual Life in Britain 1850- 1930,(Oxford, 1991)M. Bentley, Politics without Democracy, 1815-1914: Perception and Preoccupation inBritish Government, (London, 1984)P. Mandler, ed. Liberty and Authority in Victorian Britain (Oxford, 2006)F. D. Parsons, Thomas Hare and Political Representation in Victorian Britain (Basinstoke,2009)D. Weinstein, Utilitarianism and the New Liberalism, (Cambridge, 2007)J. Skorupski (ed), The Cambridge Companion to Mill (Cambridge, 1998)W. Donner and R. Fumerton, Mill (Oxford, 2009), Part 1 ‘Mill’s Moral and PoliticalPhilosophy’C. Harvie, The Lights of Liberalism: University Liberals and the Challenge ofDemocracy 1860-86, (London, 1976)E. Biagini, Liberty, Retrenchment and Reform: Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone1860-1880, (Cambridge, 1992)Duncan Kelly, The Propriety of Liberty: Persons, Passions, and Judgement in ModernPolitical Thought (Princeton, 2010), Chs 4, 5D. Boucher and A. Vincent, British Idealism and Political Theory,(Edinburgh 2000),chapters 1-4A. Vincent and R. Plant, Philosophy, Politics and Citizenship: The Life and Thought ofBritish Idealists, (Oxford, 1984)S. M. Den Otter, British Idealism and Social Explanation: A Study in Late Victorian Thought,(Oxford, 1996)M. Richter, The Politics of Conscience: T. H. Green and his Age, (London, 1964) M. W.C. Tyler, Thomas Hill Green and the Philosophical Foundations of Politics, (Mellon 2006)D. Kelly, ‘Idealism and Revolution: T. H. Green’s Four Lectures on the EnglishCommonwealth’, History of Political Thought, 27 (2006), 505-542W.J. Mander and M. Dimova-Cookson (eds.), T.H. Green: Ethics, Metaphysics and PoliticalPhilosophy, (Oxford 2006)

52D. Leighton, The Greenian Moment: TH Green, Religion and Political Argument in VictorianBritain (Exeter, 2004)M.W. Taylor ed., Herbert Spencer and the Limits of the State: The Late Nineteenth CenturyDebate between Individualism and Collectivism, (Bristol, 1996)M.W. Taylor ed., Herbert Spencer: Contemporary Assessments, (London, 1996)D.Wiltshire, ‘T.H. Green, Herbert Spencer, and Henry Sidgwick,’ Modern Intellectual History,3 (2006), 1-32M. Francis, Herbert Spencer and the Invention of Modern Life (Chesham, 2007)R. Harrison, ‘Government is Good for You’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, (1999-2000), 159-73J.S. McClelland, ‘Liberalism in Maturity and Decline: Spencer, Sumner and Green’, inMcClelland, A History of Western Political Thought, (London, 1996), 481-516D. Wiltshire, The Social and Political Thought of Herbert Spencer, (Oxford, 1978)G. Jones, Social Darwinism and English Thought: The Interaction between Biological andSocial Theory (Brighton, 1980)J. Lipkes, Politics, Religion, and Classical Political Economy in Britain: John Stuart Mill and HisFollowers (New York: St., Martin's Press, 1999)

B28. BRITISH HISTORIANS ON LIBERTY AND THE STATESuggested primary reading:T. B. Macaulay, The History of England: Selections, H. Trevor-Roper ed., (Harmondsworth,1979)T. B. Macaulay, Critical and Historical Essays, H. Trevor-Roper ed., (London, 1965)E.A. Freeman, The History of the Norman Conquest of England, J. Burrow ed., (Chicago,1974)W. Stubbs, The Constitutional History of England, J. Cornford ed., (Chicago, 1979)J. A. Froude, Oceana, or England and Her Colonies, (London, 1886)J.R. Seeley, The Expansion of England: Two Courses of Lectures (Cambridge, 1983)Suggested secondary reading:Lord Acton, ‘German Schools of History’, English Historical Review, 1 (1886), 7-42Lord Acton, Historical Essays and Studies, (London, 1907)W. Bagehot, ‘The English Constitution’, in The Collected Works of Walter Bagehot. Volume 5,N. St.J.-Stevas ed., (London, 1974), pp. 161-409H. Butterfield, The Whig Interpretation of History (Harmondsworth, 1973)K. C. Sewell, Herbert Butterfield and the Interpretation of History(Basingstoke, 2005)C. T. McIntire, Herbert Butterfield: Historian as Dissenter (New Haven CT, 2004)J. Burrow, A Liberal Descent: Victorian Historians and the English Past, (Cambridge,1981)John Burrow, A History of Histories: Epics, Chronicles, Romances and Inquiries fromHerodotus and Thucydides to the Twentieth Century (London, 2007), chapters 22-26.J. W. Burrow, Whigs and Liberals: Continuity and Change in Nineteenth CenturyEnglish Political Thought, (Oxford, 1988)J.W. Thompson and B. J. Holm, A History of Historical Writing, (2 vols., New York, 1942),Vol. 2, Books 8-9.D. R. Kelley, Fortunes of History: Historical Inquiry from Herder to Huizinga (Chicago,2003), chapters 4 and 9.M. Mandelbaum, History, Man and Reason: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Thought, (BaltimoreMD, 1971)H. White, Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth Century Europe, (BaltimoreMD, 1973), Part IIJ.P. Kenyon, The History Men: The Historical Profession in England since theRenaissance, (London, 1983)C. Parker, The English Historical Tradition since 1850, (Edinburgh, 1990)G.P. Gooch, History and Historians in the Nineteenth Century, (2nd edn., London, 1952)D. Forbes, The Liberal Anglican Idea of History, (Cambridge, 1952)J.F. Von Arx, Progress and Pessimism: Religion, Politics and History in Late-NineteenthCentury Britain, (Cambridge MA, 1985)J. Hamburger, Macaulay and the Whig Tradition, (Chicago IL, 1976)R. E. Sullivan, Macaulay: The Tragedy of Power (Cambridge, M.A., 2009)C. Harvie, The Lights of Liberalism: University Liberals and the Challenge of Democracy 1860-86, (London, 1976)C. E. McClelland, The German Historians and England: A Study in Nineteenth-CenturyViews, (Cambridge, 1971)A. Pallister, Magna Carta: The Heritage of Liberty, (Oxford, 1971)A.L. Rowse, Froude the Historian: Victorian Man of Letters, (Gloucester, 1987)T.W. Thompson, James Anthony Froude on Nation and Empire: A Study in Victorian

Radicalism, (New York, 1987)J. Markus, J. Anthony Froude: The Last Undiscovered Great Victorian (New York, 2005)R. Jann, The Art and Science of Victorian History (Ohio, 1985), pp. 105–40P. Mandler, The English National Character: The History of an Idea from Edmund Burke toTony Blair (London, 2006), ch. 3M. Bentley, Modernizing England's Past: English Historiography in the Age of Modernism,1870–1970 (Cambridge, 2006)K. C. Sewell ‘The “Herbert Butterfield Problem” and its Resolution’, Journal of the History ofIdeas, 64 (2003), 599-618.J. G.A. Pocock, ‘From Cobbett’s History of the Reformation to Macaulay’s History of England’,in Virtue, Commerce and History: Essays on Political Thought and History, chiefly in theEighteenth Century, (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 295-310.M. Francis and J. Morrow, ‘After the Ancient Constitution: Political Theory and EnglishConstitutional Writings, 1765-1832’, History of Political Thought, 9 (1988), 283-302.A. Kriegel, ‘Liberty and Whiggery in Early 19th century England’, Journal of Modern History, 52(1980), 253-78.C. Hall, ‘Macaulay's Nation,’ Victorian Studies, 51 (2009), 505-23.H. M. Cam, ‘Stubbs Seventy Years After’, Cambridge Historical Journal, 9 (1947-8), 129-47.W. Maitland, ‘William Stubbs’, in Maitland, Selected Historical Essays, H. M. Cam ed.,(Cambridge, 1957)J. Garnett, ‘Protestant Histories: James Anthony Froude, Partisanship and National Identity’, inP. Ghosh and L. Goldman (eds), Politics and Culture in Victorian Britain, (Oxford, 2006), pp.171–92I. Hesketh, ‘Diagnosing Froude’s Disease: Boundary Work and the Discipline of History inLate-Victorian Britain,’ History and Theory 47 (2008), 373–395D. Bell, ‘Republican Imperialism: J. A. Froude and the Virtue of Empire,’ History of PoliticalThought, 30 (2009), 166-91D. Bell, ‘Unity and Difference: John Robert Seeley and the Political Theology ofInternational Relations’, Review of International Studies, 31 (2005), 559-579P. Burroughs, ‘John Robert Seeley and British Imperial history’, Journal of Imperial andCommonwealth History, 1 (1973), 191-211G. P. Gooch, ‘The Cambridge Chair of Modern History’, in Gooch, Maria Theresa andOther Studies, (London, 1951), pp. 297-331S. R. Kitson Clark, ‘A Hundred Years of Teaching History at Cambridge 1873- 1973’,Historical Journal, 16 (1973), 535-53.

B29. GENDER AND POLITICAL THOUGHTIN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIESSuggested primary reading:M. Astell, Political Writings, ed. P. Springborg (Cambridge, 1996)O. de Gouges, ‘The Declaration of the Rights of Women’, in D. G. Levy, H. B.Applewhite, M. D. Johnson eds., Women in Revolutionary Paris: Selected Documents,(Urbana IL, 1979), pp. 87-96.W. Thompson and A. Wheeler, Appeal of One-Half of the Human Race, Women, Against thePretensions of the Other Half, Men &c., M. Foot and M. M. Roberts eds., (Bristol, 1994)J. S. Mill, ‘The Subjection of Women’ in Mill, On Liberty and other Writings, ed. S.Collini (Cambridge, 1989)A. Pyle ed., The Subjection of Women: Contemporary Responses to John Stuart Mill, (Bristol,1995)J. J. Bachofen, Myth, Religion and Mother Right: Selected Writings of J. J. Bachofen, ed. R.Manheim (Princeton NJ, 1967)F. Engels, The Origins of Family, Private Property and the State, ed. M. Barrett.,(Harmondsworth, 1972)Suggested secondary reading:W. Kolbrener and M.Michelson (eds) Mary Astell: Gender, Reason, Faith (Aldershot,2006), chapters. 1, 3, 5, 13.H. Guest, Small Change: Women, Learning, Patriotism, 1750-1810, (Chicago IL, 2000)H. L. Smith ed., Women Writers and the Early Modern British Political Tradition,(Cambridge, 1998)J. Rendall, The Origins of Modern Feminism: Women in Britain, France and the UnitedStates, 1780-1860, (London, 1985)S. R. Letwin, On the History of the Idea of Law, ed. Noel B. Reynolds, (Cambridge, 2005),ch.13.S. Stuurman, Francois Poulain de la Barre and the Invention of Modern Equality(Cambridge, MA, 2004)K. O’Brien, Women and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge, 2009)B. Applewhite and D. Gay Levy, Women and Politics in the Age of Democratic Revolution,(Ann Arbor MI, 1990)R. Keller, Patriotism and the Female Sex: Abigail Adams and the AmericanRevolution, (Brooklyn NY, 1994)S. Knott and B. Taylor (eds), Women, Gender and Enlightenment (Basingstoke,2005), Part 2, Sections 6, 8, 9 and 10.N. J. Hirschmann, Gender, Class & Freedom in Modern Political Theory(Princeton, 2008).B. Taylor, Eve and the New Jerusalem: Socialism and Feminism in the Nineteenth Century,(London, 1983)L. Delap, ‘The “Woman Question” and the origins of feminism’, in G. Stedman Jones & G.Claeys (eds), The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge:2011)C. G. Moses, French Feminism in the Nineteenth Century, (Albany NY, 1984)C. G. Moses and L. W. Rabine eds., Feminism, Socialism and French Romanticism,

(Bloomington IN, 1993)A. P. Robson and J. M. Robson (eds), Sexual Equality: Writings by John Stuart Mill,Harriet Taylor Mill and Helen Taylor, (Toronto, 1994)M. Pugh, The March of the Women: A Revisionist Analysis of the Campaign for Women’sSuffrage, 1866-1914, (Oxford, 2000)P. Davies, Myth, Matriarchy and Modernity: Johann Jakob Bachofen in German Culture,1860–1945 (Berlin, 2010)T. Hunt, The Frock-Coated Communist: The Revolutionary Life of Friedrich Engels (London,2009)J. Sayers, M. Evans and N. Redclift eds., Engels Revisited: New Feminist Essays, (London, 1987)S. Tomaselli, ‘The Enlightenment Debate on Women’, History Workshop, 20 (1985),101-24L. Jordanova, ‘Sex and Gender’, in C. Fox, R. Porter and R. Wokler eds., Inventing HumanScience: Eighteenth-Century Domains, (Berkeley CA, 1995), pp. 52-83E. Chalus, ‘That Epidemical Madness’, in H. Barker and E. Chalus eds., Gender in Eighteenth-Century England: Roles, Representations, Responsibilities, (Harlow, 1997), pp. 151-78E. Chalus, ‘My Minerva at My Elbow: The Political Roles of Women in Eighteenth-CenturyEngland’, in S. Taylor, R. Connors and C. Jones eds., Hanoverian Britain and Empire:Essays in Memory of Philip Lawson, (Woodbridge, 1998), pp. 210-28A. Vickery, ‘Golden Age to Separate Spheres? A Review of the Categories andChronology of English Womens’ History’, Historical Journal, 36 (1993), 383-414M. Trouille, ‘Eighteenth-Century Amazons of the Pen: Stéphanie de Genlis and Olympe deGouges’, in R. Bonnel and C. Rubinger eds., Femmes Savantes et Femmes d’Esprit: WomenIntellectuals of the French Eighteenth Century, (New York, 1994), pp. 341-70O. Hufton, ‘Counter-Revolutionary Women’, in P. Jones ed., The French Revolution inSocial and Political Perspective, (London, 1996), pp. 285-307K. O’Brien, ‘The Feminist Critique of Enlightenment’, in M. Fitzpatrick, P. Jones, C. Knellwolfand I. McCalman eds., The Enlightenment World, (London, 2004), pp. 621-634J. Annas, ‘Mill and The Subjection of Women’, Philosophy, 52 (1977), 179-94M.L. Shanley, ‘The Subjection of Women’, in J. Skorupski (ed), The CambridgeCompanion to Mill, (Cambridge, 1998), pp. 396-422M. L. Shanley, ‘Marital Slavery and Friendship: John Stuart Mill’s The Subjection of Women’,Political Theory, 9 (1981), 229-47T. Ball, ‘Utilitarianism, Feminism and the Franchise’, in Ball, Reappraising Political Theory:Revisionist Studies in the History of Political Thought, (Oxford, 1995), 178- 211L. Gossmann, ‘Basle, Bachofen and the Critique of Modernity in the Second Half of theNineteenth Century’, Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes; 47 (1984), 136–185P. Davies, ‘Myth and Materialism in the Work of Johann Jakob Bachofen’, German StudiesReview, 28 (2005), 501-518A. T. Allen, ‘Feminism, Social Science, and the Meanings of Modernity: the Debate on theOrigin of the Family in Europe and the United States, 1860-1914’, American Historical Review104 (1999), 1085-1113.

B30. PEACE, EMPIRE AND THE PRINCIPLE OF NATIONALITYSuggested primary reading:H. de Saint-Simon, ‘Letters From an Inhabitant of Geneva to His Contemporaries’, inG. Ionescu, The Political Thought of Saint-Simon, (Oxford, 1976)B. Constant, The Spirit of Conquest and Usurpation and their Relation to EuropeanCivilization, in B. Fontana, Constant. Political Writings, (Cambridge, 1988)G. Mazzini, A Cosmopolitanism of Nations: Giuseppe Mazzini's Writings on Democracy,Nation Building, and International Relations, S. Recchia & N. Urbinati eds. (Princeton,2009)Lord Acton, ‘Nationality’, in The History of Freedom and other Essays, J. Figgis andR. Laurence eds., (London, 1922)J. C. Bluntschli, ‘Nationality as a Principle of the Formation of States’, in Bluntschi, TheTheory of the State, (3rd edn., Oxford, 1901)E. Renan, ‘What is a Nation?’, in S. Woolf ed., Nationalism in Europe: 1815 to the Present: AReader, (London, 1996)Suggested secondary reading:I. Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), 'Introduction', pp. 1-156.H. Kohn, The Idea of Nationalism, (New York, 1944), Chapters 4-8.E. Kedourie, Nationalism, (New York, 1960), chapters 5-7J. Breuilly, Nationalism and the State, (2nd edn., Chicago, 1994), chapters 1-5.E. Hobsbawm, Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality, (2nd edn.,Cambridge, 1992)B. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread ofNationalism, (2nd edn., London, 1991)L. Greenfeld, Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity, (Cambridge MA, 1992)F. Meinecke, Cosmopolitanism and the National State, R. R. Kimber ed., (Princeton NJ, 1970),Book I.J. Hutchinson and A.D. Smith eds, Nationalism (Oxford, 1994)M. Viroli, For Love of Country: An Essay on Patriotism and Nationalism, (Oxford, 1995)C. A. Bayly and E. F. Biagini (eds.), Giuseppe Mazzini and the Globalization of DemocraticNationalism, 1830-1920 (Oxford, 2008)H. Kissinger, Diplomacy, (New York, 1994), chapters 3-6.M. Wright ed., Theory and Practice of the Balance of Power 1486-1914: Selected EuropeanWritings, (London, 1975)L. Sheehan, The Balance of Power: History and Theory, (London, 1996)M. Teich and R. Porter eds., The National Question in Europe in Historical Context, (Cambridge,1993)R. Tuck, The Rights of War and Peace: Political Thought and the International Order fromGrotius to Kant, (Oxford, 1999)A. Pagden, Lords of All the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France, c.1500-c.1800, (New Haven CT, 1995)D. Armitage, The Ideological Origins of the British Empire (Cambridge, 2000)S. Muthu, Enlightenment Against Empire, (Princeton 2003)J. Pitts, A Turn to Empire: the Rise of Liberal Imperialism in Britain and France, (Princeton,2005)K. Mantena, Alibis of Empire: Henry Maine and the Ends of Liberal Imperialism (Princeton,

2010)U. S. Mehta, Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century British Liberal Thought(Chicago, 1999)D. Kelly (ed), Lineages of Empire: The Historical Roots of British Imperial Thought (Oxford,2009)D. Bell, ‘Empire and Imperialism’, in G. Stedman Jones & G. Claeys (eds), The CambridgeHistory of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought (Cambridge: 2011)D. Bell, The Idea of Greater Britain: Empire and the Future of World Order, 1860-1900(Princeton, 2007)D. Bell (ed.), Victorian Visions of Global Order: Empire and International Relations inNineteenth Century Political Thought (Cambridge, 2007)G. Claeys, Imperial Agnostics: British Critics of Empire, 1850–1920 (Cambridge, 2010)J. H. Elliott, ‘A Europe of Composite Monarchies’, Past and Present, 137 (1992), 48-71;now in his Spain, Europe and the Wider World 1500-1800 (New Haven & London,2009).D. Armitage, ‘Empire and Liberty: A Republican Dilemma’ in M. van Gelderen and Q.Skinner (eds), Republicanism: A Shared European Heritage (2 vols., Cambridge, 2002), Vol.1, pp. 29-46.I. Hont, ‘The Permanent Crisis of a Divide Mankind: “Nation-State” and “Nationalism” inHistorical Perspective’, in Hont, Jealousy of Trade (Cambridge, Mass, 2005), pp. 447-528.S. Recchia & N. Urbinati, ‘Giuseppe Mazzini's International Political Thought’ in Recchia andUrbinati (eds), A Cosmopolitanism of Nations, pp. 1-30D. Bell, ‘John Stuart Mill on Colonies,’ Political Theory, 38 (2010), 1-31J. Pitts, ‘Political Theory of Empire and Imperialism,’ Annual Review of Political Science, 13(2010), 211-235J. Pitts, ‘Liberalism and Empire in a Nineteenth-Century Algerian Mirror,’ Modern IntellectualHistory 6 (2009), 287-313.Partially revised in July 2011