CBA SMA\SMA 1983.PDF - Council for British Archaeology

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16 implements were found indicating that these heavier soils were not ignored in the pre-Iron Age periods. In view of the high survival factor of the sites within the parks it was decided to conduct an exhaustive survey, looking at all aspects of the landscape from its pre-historic beginnings to the period of 17th century disparking. This was to include limited excavation work to clarify any problem areas, and co-ordination with the aerial photographic survey being conducted by Glenn Foard (Northants Archaeological Unit). Since both parks are bounded by surviving parts of Rockingham Forest, it might then be possible to extrapolate the archaeological landscape found in the ploughed fields into the untouched areas of adjacent woodland. In theory any site there should still show as an earthwork undamaged by either medieval or modern agriculture. Before the survey began archaeological evidence was practically nil, and it was generally accepted that the heavier clay soils were sparsely settled and under utilised. It was decided to give the Great Park priority and in the winter of 1981/2 fieldwalking began on the 52 available ploughed fields, the remaining 43 being pasture. In the time available it was not possible to walk 10 of the fields that had been ploughed. The remaining fields produced evidence for 61 separate 'sites'; although when considering a total landscape the division of one 'site' from the next may not exist, some being merely components of a greater unit. On multi-period sites each period is classed as a separate site. The total site statistics in the Great Park are: 15 Iron Age; 23 Roman; 14 Saxon; 8 medieval (these are mainly park keepers' lodges); 1 undated iron-smelting furnace (there are 4 more possible furnaces located). Iron working would appear to have been practised to some considerable extent in the park area since slag samples have been collected from most of the fields walked, but the industry is as yet undated. Typical features of the area are the 'black patches' which, when counted, will run into the hundreds. Many of them have been looked at closely on the ground and several comments can be made about them. Their diameter averages 10 to 12m; their blackness is due not only to their high charcoal content, but also to the fact that the soil and subsoil have been heated under reducing conditions. If these patches were the remains of forest or woodland clearance bonfires then a high percentage of the soil would have been burnt red due to oxidisation. Indeed much of the small red baked clay particles and lumps found in nearly every field could be the residue from such bonfires. Woodland clearance bonfires would be made up of the smaller branches and undergrowth which would generally burn downy to a fine ash and any charcoal or charred remains would be unconcentrated. The 'black patches' would appear to be the remains of charcoal burning clamps. This has been confirmed by the total excavation of one such patch by ourselves and the trenching of another by Dennis Jackson during his excavation within the park. The dating of them is still under review, but some sherds of medieval pottery have been found by fieldwalking in association, on a high proportion of those walked. A fragment of 14th century pottery was found stratified in undisturbed charcoal layers at the base of the totally excavated patch. A carbon-14 date returned for charcoal samples from Dennis Jackson's excavation was also a mid medieval one. Earthwork surveys were conducted on two of the lodge sites; in the
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Page 2 and 3: ii66 144 la COUNCIL FOR BRITISH ARC
Page 4 and 5: 2 BEDFORDSH I RE SEAS-AND OPPORTUNI
Page 6 and 7: 4 MOATED SITES: Medieval moated sit
Page 9 and 10: 7 chimney alcove attached to the ea
Page 11 and 12: 9 in 1973 (Beds. Historical Record
Page 13 and 14: 11 ElExcavations Flint finds --- Pi
Page 15 and 16: 13 Nos.1-13 scale 1:1 41 Nos. 14- 2
Page 17: 15 human cranium in the top of a ro
Page 21 and 22: hedge '\' Al 4` .......-- -..: ...-
Page 23 and 24: 21 1980 are available as bound pape
Page 25 and 26: 23 disturbance by grave digging and
Page 27 and 28: 25 survival. The most comprehensive
Page 29 and 30: I 27 I *-1 I I 6 _J I. t - TT - - =
Page 31 and 32: 29 Fig.Z0 Aquamanile found at Raund
Page 33 and 34: 31 p.170; 1980 vol.15, p.262-3; RCH
Page 35 and 36: 33 To answer these problems, a two
Page 37 and 38: 35 DEDDINGTON CASTLE, OXFORDSHIRE._
Page 39 and 40: 37, Evidence of substantial Late Sa
Page 41 and 42: 39 the result of trample during bui
Page 43 and 44: 41 of store and other out-houses, o
Page 45 and 46: 43 We have our research criteria fo
Page 47 and 48: 45 Two further significant Roman di
Page 49 and 50: 47 data-base of the archaeology, of
Page 51 and 52: 49" the second phase at Caldecotte
Page 53 and 54: 51 the above structural evidence ha
Page 55 and 56: 53 On conclusion of the excavation,
Page 57 and 58: 55 Cartulary gives details of landh
Page 59 and 60: 57 moulding came from the earlier w
Page 61 and 62: 59 CHURCHYARD 111 MASONRY LOW PARLO
Page 63 and 64: 61 which killed the grass. The line
Page 65 and 66: 63 OXFORDSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL DEPAR
Page 67 and 68: 65 PREHISTORIC FINDS-'- - John Blai
Page 69 and 70:
The site was located by Janet Coope
Page 71 and 72:
CHIPPING NORTON 'PLAYPEN'. (PRN 450
Page 73 and 74:
Our thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Graham S
Page 75 and 76:
73 The house is set on a foundation
Page 77 and 78:
CHRIST CHURCH COLLEGE OXFORD
Page 79 and 80:
10 20 30feet J 10Metres C Chapel R
Page 81 and 82:
X 60 Metres 200feet 10 20 30 Feet I
Page 83 and 84:
81 NEW .COLLEGE OXFORD KITCHEN
Page 85 and 86:
1 83 The roof is supported by 3 tru
Page 87 and 88:
ABINGDON ABBEY. SHAM RUINS. (PRN 13
Page 89 and 90:
. The 87 BURFORD. THE BULL. (PRN 13
Page 92 and 93:
Phase II c. 1600. A three storied f
Page 94 and 95:
92 From levelling operations in the
Page 96 and 97:
94 (5) AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL
Page 99 and 100:
OXFORD ARCHAEOLOGICAL UNIT 1982 - T
Page 101 and 102:
101 The Unit's main programme of re
Page 103 and 104:
103 work. The report at.the Blackfr
Page 105 and 106:
105 The Unit has been furthering li
Page 107 and 108:
107 Treasurer'S Department; Stewart
Page 109 and 110:
109 GLOUCESTERSHIRE FAIRFORD/LECHLA
Page 111 and 112:
111 To the east of the central area
Page 113 and 114:
113 ABINGDON: 6 Lombard Street - Go
Page 115 and 116:
115 work for the store to confirm t
Page 117 and 118:
117 Mr J Sergent of Stanton St John
Page 119 and 120:
119 early 14th century. The constru
Page 121 and 122:
soil marks I klm.
Page 123 and 124:
123 evidence was recovered.' CHARNE
Page 125 and 126:
125 CHARNEY BASSETT: Cherbury Camp
Page 127 and 128:
127 cemetery.of which glimpses are
Page 129 and 130:
129 Of the pottery collected some c
Page 131 and 132:
131 the arch and jambs. This may ha
Page 133 and 134:
133 The building rubble removed by
Page 135 and 136:
135 church and the possible north n
Page 137 and 138:
137 OXFORD: Oseney Abbey, Mill Stre
Page 139 and 140:
I 0 i i I iL Il I I I Composite sec
Page 141 and 142:
141 building, and indeed there was
Page 143 and 144:
143 ROAD 11145 MI) 7 Track Track FI
Page 145 and 146:
145 the lack of more occupation deb
Page 147 and 148:
147 activity in the vicinity is ind
Page 149 and 150:
149 internal dimension of 5m was re
Page 151 and 152:
151 OXFORD ARCHAEOLOGICAL ENVIRONME
Page 153 and 154:
153 HARDWICK WITH YELFORD: Mingles
Page 155 and 156:
155 A general consideration onlycon
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