Indigo Shire - renewable energy mapping - Indigo Shire Council

Earth Systems
Mapping and Brokering Local Energy Solutions in Indigo Shire
6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................ 42
6.2 Solar Energy Technology ..................................................................................................... 45
6.2.1 Solar Photovoltaic Systems ............................................................................................................. 45
6.2.2 Concentrating Solar Thermal ........................................................................................................... 50
6.2.3 Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) ................................................................................................. 55
6.2.4 Environmental Impact ........................................................................................................................ 57
6.3 Solar Resources in Indigo .................................................................................................... 58
6.3.1 Solar Resource Characterisation Methodology ......................................................................... 62
6.3.2 Model Parameters ............................................................................................................................... 63
6.3.3 Modelling Results ................................................................................................................................ 64
6.4 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 70
7 Wind Power .......................................................................................................... 72
7.1 Wind Technology Review ..................................................................................................... 72
7.1.1 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) ......................................................................................... 74
7.1.2 Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)............................................................................................... 75
7.1.3 Technology costs and economics .................................................................................................. 76
7.1.4 Environmental Impact ........................................................................................................................ 77
7.2 Wind Resources in Indigo .................................................................................................... 77
7.3 Wind Opportunities in Indigo ............................................................................................... 81
7.3.1 Wind Resource Characterisation Methodology ......................................................................... 81
7.3.2 Modelling Results ................................................................................................................................ 82
7.4 Conclusions and Recommendations .................................................................................. 87
8 Bioenergy............................................................................................................. 89
8.1 Bioenergy Introduction ........................................................................................................ 90
8.1.1 What is Biomass .................................................................................................................................. 90
8.1.2 What is Bioenergy? ............................................................................................................................. 90
8.1.3 Bioenergy Status: Global, Australia and Victoria ..................................................................... 92
8.2 Bioenergy Technology ......................................................................................................... 96
8.2.1 Gasification ............................................................................................................................................ 97
8.2.2 Combustion ........................................................................................................................................... 99
8.2.3 Pyrolysis ............................................................................................................................................... 103
8.2.4 Anaerobic Digestion ......................................................................................................................... 104
8.3 Comparative Technology Costs and Maturity ................................................................. 104
8.4 Biomass Resources in Indigo Shire.................................................................................. 107
8.4.1 Current Land Use and Production ............................................................................................... 107
8.4.2 Waste Biomass Resources in Indigo Shire ............................................................................... 109
8.4.3 Hancock Victorian Plantations (HVP) ......................................................................................... 110
8.4.4 Residential Organics Greenwaste Collection and Transfer Station .................................. 111
8.4.5 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)....................................................................................................... 112
8.4.6 Waste biomass resource – energy and electricity generation potential .......................... 112
ISC1240_Phase_1_Report_Rev0_public report 9