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There are some good reasons for caring about the structure of URLs. First, search engines give weight to keywords found in a URL. A search for “rent in Chicago” is much more likely to turn up the simpler URL. Second, many Web users are now savvy enough to understand a URL, and appreciate the option of navigating by typing it into their browser’s address bar. Third, when someone understands the structure of a URL, they are more likely to link to it, share it with a friend, or even read it aloud over the phone. Fourth, it doesn’t expose the technical details, folder, and file name structure of your application to the public Internet, so you are free to change the underlying implementation without breaking all your incoming links. Clean URLs were hard to implement in earlier frameworks, but ASP.NET MVC uses a feature known as URL routing to provide clean URLs by default. This gives you control over your URL schema and its relationship to your application, offering you the freedom to create a pattern of URLs that is meaningful and useful to your users, without the need to conform to a predefined pattern. And, of course, this means you can easily define a modern REST-style URL schema if you wish. You’ll find a thorough description of URL routing in Chapters 15 and 16. Built on the Best Parts of the ASP.NET Platform Microsoft’s existing ASP.NET platform provides a mature, well-proven set of components and facilities for developing effective and efficient Web applications. First and most obviously, as ASP.NET MVC is based on the .NET platform, you have the flexibility to write code in any .NET language and access the same API features—not just in MVC itself but in the extensive .NET class library and the vast ecosystem of third-party .NET libraries. Second, ready-made ASP.NET platform features—such as authentication, membership, roles, profiles, and internationalization —can reduce the amount of code you need to develop and maintain any Web application, and these features are just as effective when used in the MVC Framework as they are in a classic Web Forms project. The underlying ASP.NET platform provides a rich set of tools on which to build web applications with the MVC Framework. Note I describe the most commonly used ASP.NET Platform features as they relate to MVC development in this book, but the platform is a topic in its own right. For complete details of the rich features that the ASP.NET platform provides, see my forthcoming Pro ASP.NET MVC 5 Platform, which will be published by Apress in 2014. Modern API Microsoft’s .NET platform has evolved with each major release, supporting – and even defining – the state-of-the-art aspects of modern programming. ASP.NET MVC 5 is built for .NET 4.5.1, so its API can take full advantage of recent language and runtime innovations, including the await keyword, extension methods, lambda expressions, anonymous and dynamic types, and Language Integrated Query (LINQ). Many of the MVC Framework’s API methods and coding patterns follow a cleaner, more expressive composition than was possible with earlier platforms. Don’t worry if you are not up to speed on the latest C# language features: I provide a summary of the most important C# features for MVC development in Chapter 4. ASP.NET MVC Is Open Source Unlike previous Microsoft Web development platforms, you are free to download the original source code for ASP.NET MVC, and even modify and compile your own version of it. This is invaluable when your debugging trail leads into a system component and you want to step into its code (and even read the original programmers’ comments). It is also useful if you are building an advanced component and want to see what development possibilities exist, or how the built-in components actually work. Additionally, this ability is great if you do not like the way something works, if you find a bug, or if you just want to access something that’s otherwise inaccessible, because you can simply change it yourself. However, you’ll need to keep track of your changes and reapply them if you upgrade to a newer version of the framework. ASP.NET MVC is licensed under the Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/ms-pl.html), an Open Source Initiative (OSI)–approved open source license. This means that you can change the source code, deploy it, and even redistribute your changes publicly as a derivative project. You can download the MVC source code from http://aspnetwebstack.codeplex.com. What Do I Need to Know? To get the most from this book, you should be familiar with the basics of web development, have an understanding of how HTML and CSS work and a working knowledge of C#. Don’t worry if you are a little hazy on the client-side details. My emphasis is on server-side development in this book and you can pick up what you need through the examples. In Chapter 4, I provide a summary of the most useful C# language features for MVC development, which you’ll find useful if you are moving to the latest 26
.NET versions from an earlier release. What Is the Structure of This Book? This book is split into 2 parts, each of which covers a set of related topics. Part 1: Introducing ASP.NET MVC 5 I start this book by putting the ASP.NET MVC Framework in context. I explain the benefits and practical impact of the MVC pattern, the way in which the MVC Framework fits into modern web development and describe the tools and C# language features that every MVC Framework programmer needs. In the next chapter you will dive right in and create a simple web application and get an idea of what the major components and building blocks are and how they fit together. Most of this part of the book, however, is given over to the development of a project called SportsStore, through which I show you a realistic development process from inception to deployment, touching on the major features of the ASP.NET MVC Framework. Part 2: ASP.NET MVC in Detail In Part 2, I explain the inner workings of the MVC Framework features that I used to build the SportsStore application. I show you how each feature works, explain the role it plays in the MVC Framework and show you the configuration and customization options that are available. Having set the broad context in Part 1, I dig right into the details in Part 2. What’s New in this Edition? Version 5 of the MVC Framework is a relatively minor upgrade and a lot of the changes are really to do with the way that ASP.NET projects are created and managed in Visual Studio. Table 1-1 briefly describes the new MVC Framework features and details where you can find more information about them in this book. Table 1-1. The New Features in MVC 5 Feature Authentication Filters Description A new kind of filter that can be used to include different types of authentication within the same controller 18 See Chapter Filter Overrides A new kind of filter that is applied to action methods to prevent filters defined globally or on the controller from taking effect 18 Attribute Routing A set of attributes that allow URL routes to be defined within the controller class 15, 16 ASP.NET version 4.5.1, on which the MVC Framework 5 is built, has been enhanced as well. The most important change is the addition of the ASP.NET Identity API, which replaces the Membership system for managing user credentials. I don’t cover ASP.NET Identity in this book, although I do explain how authentication and authorization are applied to MVC Framework applications through the use of features like filters. Note I will be covering ASP.NET Identity in my Pro ASP.NET MVC 5 Platform book, which will be published in 2014 and cover all of the facilities that the ASP.NET platform provides. That said, I don’t want you to have to buy a second book to learn about something as important as user security, and so Apress has agreed to distribute the security-related chapters from that book from its web site for download without charge when that book is published. Those chapters won’t be available immediately because I have not written the platform book yet, but it is my next major writing project after this book and my hope is that the delay won’t be too long. A new edition is a chance to go beyond writing about new features and I have made some other changes for this book. I have expanded the SportsStore example to show the basics of responsive and mobile web application development, I added quick references to the start of all the in-depth chapters so you can find easily specific examples, and I added a chapter that shows how one of the open source libraries that Microsoft has embraced—Knockout—can be combined with the Web API feature to create Single-Page Applications (SPAs). 27
Page 2 and 3: Pro ASP.NET MVC 5 Adam Freeman 2
Page 4 and 5: Dedicated to my lovely wife, Jacqui
Page 6 and 7: Contents About the Author About the
Page 8 and 9: Preparing the Example Project Defin
Page 10 and 11: Chapter 9: SportsStore: Completing
Page 12 and 13: Constraining Routes Constraining a
Page 14 and 15: Using Other Filter Features Filteri
Page 16 and 17: Creating the Ajax Form Understandin
Page 18 and 19: Index 18
Page 20 and 21: About the Technical Reviewer Fabio
Page 22 and 23: What Is Wrong with ASP.NET Web Form
Page 24 and 25: storage and querying language for s
Page 28 and 29: Where Can I Get the Example Code? Y
Page 30 and 31: Figure 2-1. The Visual Studio ASP.N
Page 32 and 33: Figure 2-3. The initial file and fo
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2-6. Adding a controller to
Page 36 and 37: } } } return View(); A good way of
Page 38 and 39: Figure 2-9. The MVC Framework tryin
Page 40 and 41: Visual Studio will create a file ca
Page 42 and 43: Afternoon"; } } } return View(); I
Page 44 and 45: Figure 2-14. Adding to the view HTM
Page 46 and 47: public class HomeController : Contr
Page 48 and 49: } Will you attend? @Html.DropDown
Page 50 and 51: Figure 2-18. Setting the default st
Page 52 and 53: type without needing to qualify the
Page 54 and 55: [Required(ErrorMessage = "Please en
Page 56 and 57: Figure 2-21. The validation summary
Page 58 and 59: Tip You can drag JavaScript and CSS
Page 60 and 61: expect files to be in certain locat
Page 62 and 63: RSVP @using (Html.BeginForm()) {
Page 64 and 65: Thanks body { background-colo
Page 66 and 67: CHAPTER 3 The MVC Pattern Before I
Page 68 and 69: ASP.NET MVC doesn’t apply any con
Page 70 and 71: as thinly disguised Smart UI applic
Page 72 and 73: this case PasswordResetHelper. I do
Page 74 and 75: Web server and database. Integratio
Page 76 and 77:
public class AdminControllerTests {
Page 78 and 79:
The drawback of TDD is that it requ
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} } } return "Navigate to a URL to
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namespace LanguageFeatures.Controll
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} set { name = value; } } } public
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The listing demonstrates how to con
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using System.Collections; using Sys
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using System.Collections.Generic; n
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public static IEnumerable FilterByC
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Products = new List { new Product {
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... In this example, myAnonType is
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public string Index() { return "Nav
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Max Min Returns the largest or smal
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usiness while the background work i
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natural syntax, but they do not cha
Page 106 and 107:
} Defining the Controller I am goin
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Note Notice that I declare the view
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Figure 5-4. Creating a new layout S
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Figure 5-5. The Effect of Applying
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Figure 5-6. Adding a view that reli
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Figure 5-9. The content in the layo
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public ActionResult DemoExpression(
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The containing element has data at
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Price@Model.Price Stock Level @sw
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} else { @ViewBag.ProductCount }
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Figure 5-13. Generating elements us
Page 128 and 129:
CHAPTER 6 Essential Tools for MVC I
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LinqValueCalculator to determine th
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In the sections that follow, I expl
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just fine with MVC 5. I have used t
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namespace EssentialTools.Infrastruc
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Figure 6-2. The effect of running t
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I can configure the objects that Ni
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} } The FlexibleDiscountHelper clas
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public object GetService(Type servi
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Figure 6-4. Creating the unit test
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} } } // assert Assert.AreEqual(tot
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wrong"); wrong"); wrong"); } Assert
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} } } Testing and Fixing the Code I
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Listing 6-31. The Contents of the L
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Price = 48.95M}, new Product {Name
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To summarize the example, the Objec
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This is the same behavior used in t
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CHAPTER 7 SportsStore: A Real Appli
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e included in new projects are exce
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public class NinjectDependencyResol
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Figure 7-4. Creating the Product cl
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IProductRepository interface with t
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Figure 7-5. Adding the Views/Produc
Page 174 and 175:
Figure 7-6. Viewing the basic appli
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Figure 7-8. Setting up the SportsSt
Page 178 and 179:
Visual Studio will display a design
Page 180 and 181:
Creating the Entity Framework Conte
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private EFDbContext context = new E
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public class ProductController : Co
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A view model is not part of the dom
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... ... Every namespac
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(ProductsListViewModel)controller.L
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Figure 7-14. Displaying page naviga
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Figure 7-15. The new URL scheme dis
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} @foreach (var p in Model.Products
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Figure 7-18. Creating a partial vie
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Summary In this chapter, I built mo
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using System.Collections.Generic; u
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Assert.AreEqual(pageInfo.TotalPages
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); "", new { controller = "Product"
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} } public string Menu() { return "
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has the effect of declaring a depen
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Figure 8-3. The category links High
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Now that I am providing information
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} ... CurrentCategory = category };
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Continue Shopping button to return
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Arrange - create a new cart Cart ta
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@Model.Name @Model.Price.ToString("
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For the AddToCart and RemoveFromCar
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and the total cost for the cart. Th
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CHAPTER 9 SportsStore: Completing t
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using System.Linq; using System.Web
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public void Adding_Product_To_Cart_
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shopping I added a new column to e
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@ViewBag.Title SPORTS STORE @
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. . . This change generates a link
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@Html.TextBoxFor(x => x.Zip, new {@
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} ViewBag.Title = "SportStore: Chec
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public string Country { get; set; }
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if (emailSettings.WriteAsFile) { sm
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} } } I created an EmailSettings ob
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ViewResult result = target.Checkout
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of the SportsStore.WebUI project an
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Thanks! Thanks for placing your ord
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Figure 10-1. Displaying the SportsS
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waking moment. My advice is to acce
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case, however, I hide the standard
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Bootstrap that the div element shou
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.Select(x => x.Category) .Distinct(
Page 266 and 267:
@Html.ActionLink("Home", "List", "
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variations on the same basic theme.
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} This view uses a Razor foreach
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Figure 10-9. The effect of mobile-s
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public class AdminController : Cont
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Right-click on the Views/Admin fold
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Figure 11-3. Rendering the scaffold
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Figure 11-4. Rendering the modified
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Act Product p1 = target.Edit(1).Vie
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} } public string Category { get; s
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Figure 11-7. Displaying the editor
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Framework does know about and updat
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ActionResult result = target.Edit(p
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using System.ComponentModel.DataAnn
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Install-Package Microsoft.jQuery.Un
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Listing 11-17. Explicitly Specifyin
Page 298 and 299:
Listing 11-19. Implementing Deletio
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You can see the delete feature by c
Page 302 and 303:
Authentication is set
Page 304 and 305:
Figure 12-1. The effect of the Auth
Page 306 and 307:
namespace SportsStore.WebUI.Infrast
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the menu, set the name to Login and
Page 310 and 311:
mock implementations of the IAuthPr
Page 312 and 313:
Figure 12-3. Adding columns to the
Page 314 and 315:
No Image } else { } @Html.Acti
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} } I have added a new parameter to
Page 318 and 319:
[TestClass] public class ImageTests
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Figure 12-4. Adding an image to a p
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CHAPTER 13 Deployment The final, an
Page 324 and 325:
Figure 13-2. Creating a new web sit
Page 326 and 327:
Figure 13-4. The effect of creating
Page 328 and 329:
); [ProductID] INT IDENTITY (1, 1)
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Figure 13-8. The Publish Web dialog
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Figure 13-10. Settings for the depl
Page 334 and 335:
Figure 13-12. Previewing the deploy
Page 336 and 337:
Figure 13-14. The SportsStore appli
Page 338 and 339:
Figure 14-1. Selecting the project
Page 340 and 341:
which packages are used by selectin
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} Or you can disable any layout for
Page 344 and 345:
using System.Web.Mvc; namespace Deb
Page 346 and 347:
If the debug attribute in the Web.c
Page 348 and 349:
Figure 14-9. Hitting a breakpoint N
Page 350 and 351:
Figure 14-11. The effect of assigni
Page 352 and 353:
selecting Delete Breakpoint from th
Page 354 and 355:
Figure 14-15. Enabling Edit and Con
Page 356 and 357:
Figure 14-16. The effect of correct
Page 358 and 359:
Figure 14-18. Selecting multiple br
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CHAPTER 15 URL Routing Before the i
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public class HomeController : Contr
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Figure 15-3. The segments in an exa
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started, which leads to the RouteCo
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namespace UrlsAndRoutes.Tests { [Te
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TestRouteMatch and TestRouteFail co
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Figure 15-5. Using default values t
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In Listing 15-12, I defined a new r
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Notice that, once again, I have pla
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Figure 15-8. Displaying the value o
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namespace UrlsAndRoutes { public cl
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... [TestMethod] public void TestIn
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Figure 15-11. The error displayed w
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"Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", n
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Page 390 and 391:
Page 392 and 393:
namespace UrlsAndRoutes.Infrastruct
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Using Attribute Routing All of the
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Caution The Route attribute stops c
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} } public ActionResult List() { Vi
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... [Route("∼/Test")] ... Prefixi
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using System.Web.Routing; namespace
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Now, this may seem like a long path
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"Admin") @Html.ActionLink("This
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... Start the application again and
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ActionName The controller is: @Vi
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} For the routing in the example ap
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how outgoing URLs are generated. To
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and repeat the process. If the clas
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ActionName The controller is: @
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The MVC Framework supports organizi
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To demonstrate the way that areas i
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able to request /Admin/Home/Index a
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You do not need to take any special
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intercept requests for disk files b
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outes.Add(new Route("SayHello", new
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http://www.amazon.com/books/pro-asp
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CHAPTER 17 Controllers and Actions
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System.Web.Routing.RequestContext o
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namespace ControllersAndActions.Con
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Retrieve posted data from Request.F
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After a controller has finished pro
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public string Url { get; set; } pub
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RedirectToRouteResult Issues an HTT
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shown in this test method. using Sy
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You can send an object to the view
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Arrange - create the controller Exa
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Listing 17-20. Redirecting to a Lit
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Act - call the action method Redire
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Listing 17-24. Sending a Specific S
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CHAPTER 18 Filters Filters inject e
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} } To create the view that will ga
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} } public ViewResult Create() { //
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} } void OnAuthorization(Authorizat
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Figure 18-2. Re-prompting for crede
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[HttpPost] public ActionResult Logi
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} } public void OnAuthenticationCha
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using System.Web.Mvc; using System.
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IExceptionFilter { public void OnEx
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Figure 18-3. The default exception
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} } } } filterContext.ExceptionHand
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Figure 18-6. An exception thrown wh
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Table 18-9. HandleErrorInfo Propert
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using System.Web.Mvc; using Filters
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", } } } } string.Format("Action me
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execute the result. You can see how
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Figure 18-10. The effect of adding
Page 494 and 495:
up manually with the Empty template
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I have already explained that filte
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Figure 18-14. Specifying the order
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Figure 18-15. The default filter be
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CHAPTER 19 Controller Extensibility
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} } } public ViewResult List() { re
Page 506 and 507:
} public GetControllerSessionBehavi
Page 508 and 509:
My implementations of the GetContro
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RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTab
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} } You can see the effect of the c
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There are no action methods in this
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Figure 19-6. Using the method name
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[ActionName("Enumerate")] public Vi
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} } } }); I have used the ActionNam
Page 522 and 523:
If you start the application and na
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Message: @Session["Message"] ... Th
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Data: @Model When you run the ap
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namespace ControllerExtensibility.C
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string viewName, string masterName,
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ModelState Returns information abou
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view) { } } public void ReleaseView
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Figure 20-2. Requesting an unsuppor
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Listing 20-10. The Contents of the
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Table 20-4. Razor View Engine Searc
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Figure 20-5. The effect of custom l
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Tip My custom view engine locations
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You can check to see if a view has
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I am going to start by creating a p
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@foreach (string str in Model) { @s
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"Pear"}) @Html.Action("Time") You c
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} In the Index action method, I pas
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Here is the message: @Model Inli
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Table 21-3. Useful Properties Defin
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troublesome string to the view as t
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Figure 21-3. Comparing how data val
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Figure 21-5. The effect of selectiv
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@model HelperMethods.Models.Person
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Note Using the helper methods to g
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Layout = "/Views/Shared/_Layout.csh
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} This produces the following form
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... Generating the Input Element fr
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} CreatePerson @using(Html.BeginRou
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CreatePerson label { display: i
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} public class Address { public str
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@{ ViewBag.Title = "CreatePerson";
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Notice that the elements for the Pe
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} return View((object)message); } }
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01/01/0001 00:00:00 Although the
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.editor-field input { height: 20px;
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The value of the property (0 in thi
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[Display(Name = "Birth Date")] publ
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Url Displays the data as a URL (usi
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} public string LastName { get; set
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Figure 22-10. Displaying a complex
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Views/Shared/EditorTemplates folder
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CHAPTER 23 URL and Ajax Helper Meth
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.editor-label { clear: left; } .edi
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action="GetPeople"}) This view co
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Figure 23-2. A simple synchronous f
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I am now ready to start applying un
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as shown in Listing 23-10. Listing
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Setting Ajax Options I can fine-tun
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ViewBag.Title = "GetPeople"; Layout
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Figure 23-6. Prompting the user bef
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I can address this using the AjaxOp
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ole}), } }) Url = Url.Action("Get
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Since I want to present the same da
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Figure 23-9. Working with JSON data
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using System; using System.Collecti
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@foreach (string role in Enum.GetNa
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public class Address { public strin
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Figure 24-1. A simple demonstration
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for the id parameter as follows: 1.
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Figure 24-4. The effect of using a
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This view renders a simple set of l
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Role:@Html.DisplayFor(m => m.Role)
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} Submit You can see the problem if
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using System.Web.Mvc; using MvcMode
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Listing 24-24. Using a Collection A
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... When the form is submitted, th
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Each of the classes listed in Table
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} } } if (ContainsPrefix(key)) { re
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Figure 24-10. The effect of the cus
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using System.Web; using System.Web.
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CHAPTER 25 Model Validation In the
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@ViewBag.Title .field-validati
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Listing 25-7. Explicitly Validating
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Figure 25-2. Errors result in highl
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... Please enter your name Please
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Figure 25-4. Displaying validation
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Figure 25-6. A validation message f
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RegularExpression Required [Require
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Figure 25-8. The error message from
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} } [MustBeTrue(ErrorMessage="You m
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name")); } if (DateTime.Now > Date)
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Both of these settings must be true
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The feedback is also immediate when
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} public JsonResult ValidateDate(st
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has provided is consistent with the
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namespace ClientFeatures.Models { p
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} function processResponse(appt) {
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Figure 26-2. Disabling the browser
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undles.Add(new StyleBundle("∼/Con
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... You won’t need to do this i
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Figure 26-4. Profiling with bundles
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CHAPTER 27 Web API and Single-page
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ReservationRepository.cs to the Mod
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} return RedirectToAction("Index");
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The view model for the partial vie
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elated actions, and makes creating
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This time, the Web API controller h
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using System.Collections.Generic; u
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}; function sendAjaxRequest(httpMet
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Underpinning the Ajax functions is
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Figure 27-3. Monitoring the connect
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... function removeItem(item) { sen
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Client Name Location Save }
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Simplify the Home Controller The Ho
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Remove Create Create Rese
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Index A Account Controller contents
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BeginForm and BeginRoute Form metho
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Custom dependency resolver contents
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table data script button SQL statem
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uilt-In form (see Built-in form hel
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Razor expression shared View Start
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PartyInvites routing system Solutio
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O OnActionExecuted method action fi
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accessing ways context objects acti
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summary, cart definition cart and c
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whole-model templated helpers Test-
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