Make Decentralized Sanitation Central.pdf

How To Make Decentralised Sanitation Central To
Thinking And Practice?
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DEWATS
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Solutions
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1. Who are we?

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BORDA – BNS Partner Network:
25 organisations from 3 continents

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BORDA – BNS Partner Network:
25 organisations from 3 continents
17 staff
60 DEWATS
52 staff
370 DEWATS
83 staff
580 DEWATS
40 staff
80 DEWATS
Project Partner
Regional Office
Bremen: 16 Staff

2. Why Decentralised Sanitation?

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Why decentralised sanitation ?
Poverty is leads to deterioration
of environment and
human health,
when access to basic needs
services is denied

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Why decentralised sanitation ?
Start at the household level
when central services
fail to deliver to the poor
There are solutions,
but those in need don’t
have access to them

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Goal
Facilitate
piloting & dissemination of
basic needs services
water, sanitation & energy
to people in poor
rural and urban areas that
can be self-sustained

3. How did we get there?
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The Sino-Indo-German Biogas Knowledge Team 1978 in China

Poverty alleviation through access to renewable energy

Community toilet solutions in the early 80s

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From Anaerobic Technology to DEWATS

Deterioration of water bodies in urban areas...

...leading to development of technical options based on existing designs...

...through research at lab-scale and real scale...

...and conducting more intense analysis in the lab again

fixed dome biogas digester

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What will not be used, should not be build!
Informing on choices, facilitating community action planning"

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Regions
> 1,000 DEWATS serving
> 500,000 people
17 staff
60 DEWATS
52 staff
370 DEWATS
83 staff
580 DEWATS
40 staff
80 DEWATS
Project Partner
Regional Office
Bremen: 16 Staff

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25!
Main options for settlements
Household Solutions
Condominial
Sewerage Systems
Public Sanitation
Centres
(Camping…)

3. Why is it central to Africa?
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A reminder:
Questions from the UN-WATER GLAAS Report 2010
Why is the proportion of aid allocated to basic drinking-water supply
and basic sanitation, at 16% of the total to water and sanitation, so
low, and why did this figure decline from 27% in 2003?

Innovative Sanitation Approaches in
Southern and East Africa
SADC BNS Network:
BORDA
www.borda-sadc.org 28

Sanitation challenges in Africa
2008
Source: WHO/UNICEF
www.borda-sadc.org 29

Sanitation challenges in Africa – Case Zambia
Population
Copper price
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Centralised sewerage
Cheap power
Colonial policy
Foreign skills
Break down of centralised
sewerage system
Urban poor
Poor public health
Pit latrine/septic tanks
Exodus of skilled people
Sanitation challenges now,
big backlog’s, rehabilitation
of old and construction of
new infrastructure,
insufficient funds, climate
change challenges
www.borda-sadc.org

Sanitation challenges in Africa
…so what is required:
!! Rapid delivery of sustainable basic needs services
!! Mobilisation and utilisation of local resources
!! Food security and energy efficiency
www.borda-sadc.org

Decentralised wastewater treatment solutions a
sustainable way for Africa
Community based sanitation
! ask the people what they want and are able to afford and to maintain
! ownership through participation
www.borda-sadc.org

Decentralised wastewater treatment solutions a
sustainable way for Africa
Decentralised wastewater treatment
up to 2,000 PE, environmental protection, no energy consumption,
low maintenance, job creation, local material, local labour
www.borda-sadc.org

Decentralised wastewater treatment solutions a
sustainable way for Africa
Solid free sewer
" simplify sewer networks
!! Sewer integrated biogas settler
( ); one settler per 20 - 50 plots
!! Reticular in-road sewer system ( )
Sewer installation
in peri-urban areas
www.borda-sadc.org
Sewer integrated biogas settler

Decentralised wastewater treatment solutions a
sustainable way for Africa
Biogas ! out
Organic
waste
! in
Domestic
wastewater ! in
Treated water
for gardening
! out
Re-use of treated wastewater for agriculture ! food security
Biogas utilization ! generate instead of consuming of energy
www.borda-sadc.org

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Feeding
material.
Gas taken to the house
Irrigation by gravity
Methane producing
organisms produce gas
Water flowing into the
expansion canal
Root Treatment System
Storage for irrigation water –
H 2 0 could be pumped or irrigate
gravitationally
Sketch of biodigester replacing a septic tank. Wastewater as well as kitchen and garden waste enter the digester and are broken
down to biogas and fertile water.
The advantages: No more emptying of septic tank. Reuse of all water in the garden. Less cost on cooking energy.

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•! Fertilize gardens
•! Increase crop production
•! Biogas for cooking
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Separation and digestion
process
Biogas Liquid overflow Sludge
Energy
Post treatment
Plants

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Cover with garden soil.
The roots of annual crops
will serve themselves
Shallow ponds, or just channels
surrounded by crops
Other crops,
banana, fruit
trees
The liquid
slurry garden
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Fish pond

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eThekwini Municipality, South Africa

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Informal settlements in eThekwini/Durban
¬ Approximately 1 million people
¬ 415 informal settlements
¬ 800 target Community Ablution Block (2012)
¬ 240 installed to date
¬ 75 households per Community Ablution Block
¬ 3 outside the waterborne edge

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Informal Settlements

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DEWATS at Newlands Mashu

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Permaculture Centre in Newlands Mashu

5. Way forward?
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DEWATS Service Packages

Decentralised Wastewater Treatment System
DEWATS technical solutions reduce
water-pollution by small and medium
entities and settlements in densely
populated (sub-) tropical regions and
low-income countries.
The modular systems are based on
either local masonry and concrete work
or prefabricated elements (fiberglass,
concrete or shipping container).
Value is added to all DEWATS Service
packages through optional reuse of
water, nutrients and energy (biogas).

Wastewater Treatment for Agro-Industry
AgroClean provides custom-made
treatment solutions for small and
medium sized agro-industries that
discharge highly loaded organic
wastewater into the environment
without treatment. There is regularly
a high potential for reuse of water,
nutrients and energy (biogas).

School Based Sanitation
SBS includes clean toilets, provision
of fresh water and underground wastewater
treatment.
It improves the hygienic conditions in
schools, which lead to a significant
reduction of health risk and infections.

Community Based Sanitation
CBS sanitation programs are
characterized by participative and
community friendly implementation
management that gives residents of
poor communities crucial decision
making powers to select technical
sanitation options and manage
sanitation infrastructure in concert
with public and / or private service
providers.

Health Impact Assessment & Hygiene Education
HIA creates baseline data before
sanitation interventions are planned
and serves as a participatory tool
during assessment of the impact
after commissioning.
HE is an integral part of any sanitation
intervention and will generally double
the effectiveness for improving public
health.

Capacity Building
For Capacity Building the regional
BORDA BNS Networks have
developed standardized on-the-job
training modules addressing the entire
implementation chain. From masons
to project managers, from engineers
to social workers, it targets people
who are engaged in the provision
of DEWATS services, providers and
demanders who need to assess
feasibility, mobilise communities,
design, implement, operate and
maintain decentralized sanitation
infrastructure.

Municipal Sludge Treatment Plant
MSTP enables small and medium
towns in low-income countries to
serve existing on-site and decentralized
wastewater treatment systems safely
and cost-efficiently

Sanitation Mapping & Citywide Planning
The GIS based SanMap software
and the CwP methodology allows
local governments to collect and
locate available information
systematically for an entire city or
town. Detailed sanitation plans are
developed for areas unserved by
the conventional sanitation infrastructure
and services, including
proposal of decentralized solutions
for sanitation access in identified
stress areas and the respective
implementation strategy.

Sanitation for Prisons
PriSan is a DEWATS Service Package
for prisons to lower infection rates
& environmental pollution through
advanced sanitation.

Sanitation for Real Estates
RESan is an affordable solution
to fill gaps in urban wastewater
treatment services for individual
houses, residential enclaves and
apartments blocks from every
income-level.

Sanitation for Hospitals and Hotels
HoSan is a modular and cost-effective
wastewater treatment solution for
hospitals & hotels.

Emergency Sanitation
EmSan is an innovative & rapidly
applicable solution to safeguard
hygiene and health in emergency
situations.
The treatment is based on
prefabricated elements made of
fiberglass or shipping containers.

Hering Prototype

Hering Technical Section

HERING Modular Design

Assembly of pre-fabricated sanitation modules

Assembly of pre-fabricated sanitation modules

Assembly of pre-fabricated sanitation modules

Assembly of pre-fabricated sanitation modules

Assembly of pre-fabricated sanitation modules

Assembly of pre-fabricated sanitation modules

Prefabricated Dewats ABR

Conclusions
•! Decentralised treatment
–! No power needed
–! No skilled personnel
•! Prefabrication ablution blocks
–! Quality assurance
–! Fast installation
–! Long life

Questions?
h=$

Thank You!
reuter@borda.de
www.borda-sadc.net