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A PROFILE OF THE STATE OF BIHAR Map 2.2: Districts by NSS Regions in Bihar Second, after carving out of Jharkhand from the area under erstwhile Bihar, present-day Bihar lost most of the major industrial centres, urban centres, forest area and mining resources to Jharkhand, leaving Bihar deprived of the richest part of natural resources and non-agricultural assets. This also implied loss of a good bit of revenue and taxes in the form of royalties and excise duties. This is important from the point of view of the capability of the state to finance some of the social welfare programmes which have a bearing on food security in the state. Third, even before bifurcation, demographic pressure on the state’s land resources was very high. Natural growth of population of erstwhile Bihar during 1981-91 was 23.6 per cent. But during 1991- 2001, the population growth in Bihar spurted up to 28.4 per cent, well above the national growth of 21.3 per cent. Moreover, after bifurcation of the state, Bihar got 54 per cent of the area but 75 per cent of its population. Thus, the population density of the state also registered a significant increase from 685 per square kilometer in 1991 to 880 per square kilometer in 2001, against an all-India population density of 324 per square kilometer. The high and growing demographic pressure is one of the factors responsible for the fourth dominant characteristic of the state economy, namely, its very low relative per capita income. By 2003-04, the 11
Table 2.1: Income, Population and Related Development Indicators: Bihar & All-India Variables Triennium Average Development Gaps Per Capita Income (NSDP) in Rs. Bihar All India Bihar / All India(%) (1993-94 prices) 1993-94 3326 8769 37.93 2000-01 3852 11762 32.75 2003-04 4053 13332 30.40 2005-06 3983 – – Per Capita Income Change 2004 minus 1994 729 4563 – 2006 minus 1994 657 – – Urban Population (%) 1991 10.4 25.7 -15.30* 2001 10.47 27.78 - 17.31* Population Density/Sq.Km. 1991 685 267 257 2001 880 324 272 Per Capita Power Consumption (kwh) 1998 54.9 334.3 16.4 2005 74.5 335.0 12.3 Note: (i) Bihar Per Capita Income figures are the Triennium Averages. It may, however, be noted that for terminal years, the Bihar estimates are triennium averages of the first three and last three years. (ii) All-India figures of GDP at 1993-94 prices are available only up to 2003-04, after which they are at 1999-2000 prices. Therefore, 2003-04 is the latest year for which comparable figures are available for Bihar and at All India level at a uniform price base. * Development gaps here are shown by the percentage point difference between Bihar and India. proportion of per capita income in Bihar was just 30.40 per cent of the national level, at Rs. 4053 as against Rs. 13332 at the All-India level (See Table 2.1). This has a direct implication for the food security scenario in the state. 2.2. Basic Indicators of Socio-economic Status Some of the other key features of the state’s economy, many of which are directly or indirectly closely related to the dominant characteristics outlined above and which exercise an influence on the state of food security in the state, are discussed here. 12 FOOD SECURITY ATLAS OF RURAL BIHAR
Page 1 and 2: Food Security Atlas Of Kaimur RURAL
Page 3 and 4: Copyright © 2009 The UN World Food
Page 5 and 6: i v
Page 7 and 8: TECHNICAL ADVISORY GROUP Chairperso
Page 9 and 10: viii
Page 12 and 13: Acknowledgements The preparation of
Page 14 and 15: Foreword Preface Acknowledgements L
Page 16 and 17: List of Tables, Figures, Maps and B
Page 18 and 19: List of Abbreviations AAGR Average
Page 20 and 21: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary
Page 22 and 23: Having identified the twelve most f
Page 24 and 25: INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction 1. Int
Page 26 and 27: produced or wage labour) and social
Page 28 and 29: As we have seen earlier, a reasonab
Page 32 and 33: (i) Human Development We may first
Page 34 and 35: Table 2.4: Region-wise Percentage S
Page 36 and 37: country. Even in terms of rural ele
Page 38 and 39: As evident from Table 2.10, for the
Page 40 and 41: There is a very high rural populati
Page 42 and 43: Food security is an outcome of the
Page 44 and 45: ANALYSIS OF FOOD SECURITY Box 3.1:
Page 46 and 47: ANALYSIS OF FOOD SECURITY Table 3.2
Page 50 and 51: some, even substantial, impact on t
Page 52 and 53: can acquire through sale of labour
Page 54 and 55: ig problem in rural areas (Krishnan
Page 58 and 59: The extent of irrigation is found t
Page 60 and 61: FOOD AVAILABILITY Table 4.3: Propor
Page 62 and 63: FOOD AVAILABILITY Table 4.5: Percen
Page 64 and 65: FOOD AVAILABILITY Table 4.6: Enviro
Page 66 and 67: 4.5 Status of Availability Index Ta
Page 68 and 69: FOOD AVAILABILITY Map 4.5: Food Ava
Page 70 and 71: The critical significance of access
Page 72 and 73: ACCESS TO FOOD Table 5.2: Rural Cas
Page 74 and 75: 5.3 Agricultural Labourers ACCESS T
Page 76 and 77: The proportion of agricultural labo
Page 78 and 79: ACCESS TO FOOD Map 5.4: Proportion
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ACCESS TO FOOD Map 5.5: Ratio of Wo
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ACCESS TO FOOD Map 5.6: Status of R
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ACCESS TO FOOD Table 5.13: Level of
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Table 5.15 Contd... Paschim Champar
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It has been estimated that in devel
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42.76 per cent in Munger and 49.42
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FOOD ABSORPTION Table 6.3: Percenta
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6.3 Status of Districts on Absorpti
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7. Addressing Food Insecurity in Bi
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ADDRESSING FOOD INSECURITY IN BIHAR
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Table 7.3: Region-wise Priority Dis
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ADDRESSING FOOD INSECURITY IN BIHAR
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Table 7.9: Special Category Distric
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Table 7.12: Intercorrelation Matrix
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In the case of casual wage rates it
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Table 7.14: District Ranks in Terms
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Table 7.15: District Ranks in Terms
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Serial District Rank In Terms of: N
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8. Specific Policy Interventions fo
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Figure 8.1: Allocation Proposed und
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the case of 25 NFSM-wheat districts
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supply, rural electrification and r
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Map 8.1: Status of Public Intervent
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Access to PDS and the Poor Table 8.
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l The conflicts between dealers and
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In Bhojpur district, the food stock
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Provided that areas are not cut off
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land reform movements in India (e.g
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Is it likely that there would be en
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3. The water source should exist wi
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Table A. Original Values of Policy
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Table C. Policy Variable-wise Prior
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CONCLUSION 9. Conclusion: Towards a
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The linking of food schemes with in
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From the point of view of policy in
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Agarwal, Bina (1994), “A Field of
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Mishra, Srijit (2007b), Agriculture
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APPENDIX I Appendix I: The Right to
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The PUCL petition also pointed to t
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Name of Variable and Description So
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here is based on two child-related
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