1 Procedural and Substantive Conceptions of Democracy in Four ...
1 Procedural and Substantive Conceptions of Democracy in Four ...
1 Procedural and Substantive Conceptions of Democracy in Four ...
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Table 2. Correlates <strong>of</strong> <strong>Conceptions</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Democracy</strong><br />
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)<br />
<strong>Procedural</strong> (0=neither procedural; 3=both procedural)<br />
Gender (1=female) -0.232 -0.179 -0.184 -0.185 -0.315<br />
[0.035]** [0.035]** [0.035]** [0.035]** [0.061]**<br />
Age (<strong>in</strong> years) -0.006 -0.009 -0.009 -0.009 -0.015<br />
[0.007] [0.006] [0.006] [0.007] [0.012]<br />
Age-Squared/100 0.010 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.023<br />
[0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.008] [0.014]<br />
Christian (1=yes) 0.043 0.056 0.054 0.052 0.113<br />
[0.072] [0.072] [0.072] [0.072] [0.131]<br />
Quran Read<strong>in</strong>g (0=none; 1=every day/almost) -0.148 -0.180 -0.180 -0.179 -0.327<br />
[0.058]* [0.057]** [0.058]** [0.058]** [0.102]**<br />
Education (0=illiterate; 1=MA or higher) 0.529 0.423 0.450 0.445 0.795<br />
[0.078]** [0.079]** [0.079]** [0.079]** [0.140]**<br />
Family Income (deciles: 0-1) 0.256 0.208 0.223 0.204 0.347<br />
[0.069]** [0.069]** [0.069]** [0.071]** [0.124]**<br />
Income Miss<strong>in</strong>g 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.007 0.012<br />
[0.046] [0.046] [0.046] [0.046] [0.077]<br />
Interest <strong>in</strong> Politics Scale (0-1) 0.448<br />
[0.068]**<br />
Political Participation (0-1) 0.058<br />
[0.067]<br />
Interest <strong>and</strong> Participation Index (0-1) 0.494 0.492 0.872<br />
[0.079]** [0.079]** [0.139]**<br />
Economy Most Important Problem (0-1) -0.056 -0.103<br />
[0.044] [0.074]<br />
Pocketbook Evaluation (0=very bad 1=verygood) 0.073 0.134<br />
[0.073] [0.126]<br />
Sociotropic Evaluation (0=very bad 1=verygood) 0.010 0.043<br />
[0.074] [0.127]<br />
Country (1=Jordan) -0.241 -0.120 -0.147 -0.159 -0.310<br />
[0.062]** [0.063] [0.063]* [0.068]* [0.122]*<br />
Country (1=Palest<strong>in</strong>e) 0.398 0.425 0.407 0.375 0.631<br />
[0.060]** [0.059]** [0.059]** [0.063]** [0.109]**<br />
Country (1=Algeria) 0.064 0.182 0.152 0.138 0.219<br />
[0.061] [0.063]** [0.063]* [0.068]* [0.117]<br />
Constant 1.149 0.984 1.015 1.028<br />
[0.145]** [0.144]** [0.145]** [0.153]**<br />
Observations 4026 4026 4026 4026 4026<br />
R-squared 0.081 0.093 0.090 0.091<br />
Note: Results from OLS regression models, except column (5) which reports coefficients from an ordered logit model. Robust st<strong>and</strong>ard<br />
errors <strong>in</strong> brackets. * significant at 5%; ** significant at 1%.