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1.2 different types of studythere are two major types of studies1. observational studyex) just ask 'who is comfortable taking a math class?'2. experiment (or designed experiment)ex) one class i say every gets $1000 and an A, in another class i say everyone is stupidand will failthen i ask 'who is comfortable taking a math class?'observational study- observe and measure (watch, ask question, etc)ex) "l like ice cream" yes/noex) watch ice cream shop, see how many people go inexperiment - apply a "treatment" to your subject and measure resulttreatment: what you do to the subjectsubject: each person in the studyex) what flavor of ice cream do people like?observational study- sit in a store, watch what flavor people buy OR surveyexperiment - make a suggestion, see what they buyQ - does making a suggestion change the flavor people order?-> need to make a comparison to see the effect of the treatmentexperimental group:make suggestion (this group gets the treatment)control group:do nothingsubjects:customers in the storetreatment:make a suggestionobserved behavior: the result you want to look atwhich flavor they buy (this is also called the response variable)question/ research objective:does suggestion affect flavor they buyobservational studygood - watch subjects in natural environment(realistic)bad - never same conditionsexperimentbad - may be unwanted experimenterinfluencegood - can do exact same thing for eachsubject(control)
@ samplinghow do you get your subjects?@ (simple) random sample - every member of population has equal chance of beingin the sampleex) roll a dieex) have computer randomly generate phone #'snote: we will not discuss the difference between a random sample and a simplerandom sample@ convenience sampling - choose sample that is convenientex) reporter chooses people on a corner@ systematic sampling- choose a starting point select every k th person (could have alist of your population)ex) choose every 100th name in the phone book@ stratified sampling - choose different groups within your population, and select fromeach oneex) presidential panel includes women, minority, Dem, Repprecisely, choose one or more characteristics (wealth, race, gender, etc) and selectpeople with different values of that characteristicnote: which characteristics do you choose? how do you break that up into subgroups?@ cluster sampling - break your population into regions, choose a couple of thoseregions, then sample from each of those selected regionsex) exit polls after an electionreason - cant travel everywhereex) at a high school, when voting for where to go on theschool trip, a newspaper reporter asks 20 freshmen, 20sophmores, 20 juniors, 20 seniorsQ: what kind of sampling is this?stratifiedcharacterisic:values:
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Page 7 and 8: 1.4 sources of errorself-selecting
Page 9 and 10: 1.5 designing an experimentex) find
Page 11 and 12: suggested experiments1 objective: e
Page 13 and 14: suggested experimentsex)objective:
Page 15 and 16: ch2 - organizing and presenting dat
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Page 27 and 28: sample populationmean x µ "mu"st.d
Page 29 and 30: whats the standard deviation? [extr
Page 31 and 32: 3.4, 3.5 measures of position- rank
Page 33 and 34: oxplot- picture of the 5 numbersumm
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Page 45 and 46: what is the mean in our example?not
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ex) find P(z < 1.75)have:want:ex) f
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hw questions 6.1#8
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hw questions 7.2, 7.37.3 #7
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hw questions ch7
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hw questions ch77.2 #4
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for adult salmon length, µ=42" and
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17% of Americans have high choleste
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ex) if p=.28, find P( > .32) with a
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hw questions ch8
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hw questions ch88.1probability that
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hypothesis testing (formally)1. a c
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ex) pollution level in a riveran en
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ex) a drug company is trying to mak
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hypothesis test about µ, what if w
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σhave σ dont have σ, have snote:
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ex)H 0 : µ=4H 1 : µ
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ex) does the public believe the dea
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hw questions - ch 10
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hw questions - ch10
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10.6 summary of ch10we have to iden
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ex) you need to know if proposition
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hw questions ch1010.3 #2 online
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10.3-online #2)Ho: µ = 1.67H 1 :
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why might we wind up with two equal
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lets analyze the margin of error:CI
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ex) find the 96% CI for µ when x =
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lets do a confidence interval....fo
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elationship between confidence leve
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ex) are the people in support of st
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hw questions ch99.3#1 construct a C
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hw questions ch9online 9.1#2confide
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hw questions ch9online 9.2#4constru
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ex) are men paid a higher salary (f
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to do a confidence interval for the
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hw questions - ch1111.1 #14x: .582
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linear correlation and regression [
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Doing Regression and Correlation us
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Probability [ch5]...from a more mat
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finding probabilities from real-wor
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ex) roll a dieP(roll a 6, then a 3,
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