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* self-interest studystudy conducted by someone who has an interest inThe results turning out a particular wayex) be skeptical about a survey about GM cars conducted by GM(every car is #1 ?)* small sampleex) a Newsweek reporter goes to the corner and asks 12 peoplewhat they think about what happened with Tiger Woods?Q: would you go buy products he endorsed, given what he did?* interviewer error- when the interviewer is inappropriate in some wayex) cops ask questions about opinion of police dept@ word order / question orderex) Q: what do you think causes more pollution in the US, traffic, or industry?even more biased: Do you think traffic causes more pollution in the US,or industry?solution: half the time "traffic or industry", half the time "industry or traffic"@ correlation V. causationex) survey results show that people who drive BMW's live longer than driving other cars- if you want to live longer, should you buy a BMW?no, BMW owners are - on average - more wealthy, so they can afford better healthinsurance and take better care of their healththe only way to determine causation is with an experiment, where you have control, andyou can apply a treatment and measure the effect (response variable)ex) take 100 people, give 50 BMWs and 50 Toyotas, and see what their lifespans are
1.5 designing an experimentex) find out the effect of which car you drive on your lifespan:get a sample of 100 people, give 50 BMWs and 50 Toyotas, and see whattheir lifespans areobjective: find out the effect of which car you drive on your lifespantreatment: BMWs, Toyotasfactor: what type of car subjects drive (explanatory variable) [input]response variable: lifespan [output]sample: 100 people (driving cars)the steps:1. identify the issue to be studied2. determine the factors that (you think) affect the response variableex) one factor- which car they drive3. deterine the level of each factor- levels: different values each factor takes onex) levels are BMW, Toyota (this is similar to specifying the treatments)4. determine the number of subjects5. conduct the experiment6. analyze the data and reach a conclusion (see if your claim is true or not)after you have selected your sample, you must assign subjects (to different treaments)and conduct the experimentex) who gets BMWs, who gets Toyotas?- completely randomex) 50 names from a hat get BMWs- randomized block designex) take the rich men, give half BMWs and half Toyotastake the rich women, give half BMWs and half Toyotastake the poor women, give half BMWs and half Toyotas, etcdef: divide your sample into blocks of subjects who are similar according to certaincharacteristics, then from each block randomly assign subjects to each treatment- matched pairs designex) pair up similar people (e.g. two 37-year old rich women), and give one a BMWand one a Toyotaall ways of making sure that both treatment groups are the same, except for the factorwhose effect you want to measurenote, sampling: starting with a population and selecting subjectsassigning subjects: once you have your sample, choosing which treatment eachgets
Page 1: Please answer the following questio
Page 5 and 6: @ samplinghow do you get your subje
Page 7: 1.4 sources of errorself-selecting
Page 11 and 12: suggested experiments1 objective: e
Page 13 and 14: suggested experimentsex)objective:
Page 15 and 16: ch2 - organizing and presenting dat
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Page 23 and 24: ch 3: numerically summarizing data3
Page 25 and 26: 3.2 Measures of Dispersionhow sprea
Page 27 and 28: sample populationmean x µ "mu"st.d
Page 29 and 30: whats the standard deviation? [extr
Page 31 and 32: 3.4, 3.5 measures of position- rank
Page 33 and 34: oxplot- picture of the 5 numbersumm
Page 36 and 37: hw 3.2 questions3.2 online #1) find
Page 39 and 40: a man is 68" tall, for men the mean
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Page 45 and 46: what is the mean in our example?not
Page 47 and 48: the normal probability distribution
Page 49 and 50: ex) find P(z 1.37) ?the TOTAL has t
Page 51 and 52: finding a z-score (or data value)gi
Page 53 and 54: ex) find P(z < 1.75)have:want:ex) f
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hw questions ch7
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hw questions ch77.2 #4
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for adult salmon length, µ=42" and
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17% of Americans have high choleste
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ex) if p=.28, find P( > .32) with a
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hw questions ch8
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hw questions ch88.1probability that
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hypothesis testing (formally)1. a c
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ex) pollution level in a riveran en
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ex) a drug company is trying to mak
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hypothesis test about µ, what if w
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σhave σ dont have σ, have snote:
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ex)H 0 : µ=4H 1 : µ
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ex) does the public believe the dea
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hw questions - ch 10
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hw questions - ch10
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10.6 summary of ch10we have to iden
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ex) you need to know if proposition
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hw questions ch1010.3 #2 online
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10.3-online #2)Ho: µ = 1.67H 1 :
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why might we wind up with two equal
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lets analyze the margin of error:CI
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ex) find the 96% CI for µ when x =
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lets do a confidence interval....fo
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elationship between confidence leve
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ex) are the people in support of st
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hw questions ch99.3#1 construct a C
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hw questions ch9online 9.1#2confide
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hw questions ch9online 9.2#4constru
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ex) are men paid a higher salary (f
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to do a confidence interval for the
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hw questions - ch1111.1 #14x: .582
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linear correlation and regression [
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Doing Regression and Correlation us
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Probability [ch5]...from a more mat
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finding probabilities from real-wor
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ex) roll a dieP(roll a 6, then a 3,
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