Screening and Assessment of Co-Occurring Disorders in the Justice ...

Appendix K: Assessment Instruments forMental DisordersMinnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)The MMPI (Hathaway & McKinley, 1951; Hathaway & McKinley, 1967;Hathaway & McKinley, 1989) is one of the most widely used objective personalitytests throughout the world. The instrument has been used in correctional settingssince 1945 to classify individuals and to predict their behavior while incarceratedand after release (Megargee & Bohn, 1979; Megargee & Carbonell, 1995). Theinstrument is a self-report measure with 567 items and 10 main clinical scales,including Hypochondriasis, Depression, Hysteria, Psychopathic Deviancy,Masculinity-Femininity, Paranoia, Psychasthenia (obsessive-compulsive features),Schizophrenia, Hypomania, and Social Introversion. The MMPI provides 15supplementary content scales that address internal traits, external traits, andgeneral problems. In addition, the MMPI contains six validity scales that examineresponse sets, including unanswered items, endorsement of uncommon items, andinconsistent responding.The MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale-Revised (MAC-R) was developed todifferentiate alcoholic from nonalcoholic psychiatric patients. This supplementaryscale on the MMPI-2 includes 49 items that provide a subtle screening measureto differentiate alcoholics from nonalcoholics (Searles et al., 1990). A 13-itemAddiction Acknowledgment Scale (Weed, Butcher, McKenna, & Ben-Porath,1992) was developed using items in the MMPI-2 whose content is clearly relatedto substance abuse. The Addiction Potential Scale was also developed, whichincluded heterogeneous items related to extroversion, excitement seeking, risktaking, and lack of self-efficacy.The MMPI-2 Criminal Justice and Correctional Report was recently developed foruse in criminal justice settings. This report assists in determining diagnoses andanalyzing the MMPI-2 validity, clinical, and content scales, and supplementaryscales. The report provides information relevant to assessment, risk assessment,and treatment and program planning for individuals involved with the criminaljustice system. The report contains several behavioral dimensions that examinethe need for further mental health assessment, conflict with authorities,extroversion, likelihood of favorable response to academic or vocationalprogramming, and hostile peer relations. Several potential problem areas are alsoidentified, related to alcohol or substance use, manipulation of others, hostility,and anger control.Positive Features•y The MMPI-2 was normed using a large sample that was representative ofthe U.S. population•y A specialized interpretive report is available for justice-involved individuals87