THE EGS5 CODE SYSTEM

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10.10.01Electrons on Ti20MeV10MeV7MeV5MeV3MeV2MeV1MeV700keV500keV300keVK10.0010.00011e-051e-05 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10Characteristic Dimension (cm)Figure 2.19: Optimal initial scattering strength K 1 vs. broomstick diameter (equivalent to thecharacteristic dimension) in titanium at various energies.The sample problem tutor4 described in the next chapter investigates and illustrates the effectivenessof the automated step-size selection method based on characteristic dimension.2.15.10 Treatment of Initial Steps of Primary ElectronsIt must be noted that not all classes of problems are guaranteed to be modeled accurately wheneverthe average tracklength or average lateral deflection is modeled correctly in given region volumes. Inparticular, problems using tallies which have a spatial or directional dependence on secondary particleproduction occurring prior to the first multiple scattering hinge point (such as deep penetrationshower simulations) can exhibit step-size artifacts not present in EGS4, since high energy bremsstrahlungdirections can be correlated with electron directions. In such cases, while EGS4 alwaysimposes multiple scattering prior to secondary particle production, the random hinge methodologyof EGS5 does not always assure at least some deflection prior to secondary particle generating,sometimes leading to over-estimation of particles in the forward direction.To counter this problem and still permit EGS5 to take very very long steps as often as possible,for all problems in which secondary particles are being produced and the primary source particles areelectrons, a mechanism has been introduced in EGS5 to force very small initial multiple scatteringhinge steps. If and only if an electron is determined by EGS subroutine SHOWER to be a primary118
100 MeV Electrons0.010.001LiCLWAlSTiGeZrAgLaHfAuK10.00011e-050.1 1 10Characteristic Dimension (gm/cm^2)100 MeV Electrons0.00011e-05LiCLWAlSTiGeZrAgLaHfAuK11e-061e-070.001 0.01 0.1Characteristic Dimension (gm/cm^2)Figure 2.20: Optimal initial scattering strength K 1 vs. broomstick diameter for various elementsat 100 MeV. The upper figure is for values of ρt greater than 0.1, and the lower figure for smallercharacteristic dimensions.119
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THE EGS5 CODE SYSTEM 1Hideo Hirayam
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4.1 UCCYL - Cylinder-Slab Geometry
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E CONTENTS OF THE EGS5 DISTRIBUTION
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2.17 Convergence of energy depositi
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List of Tables2.1 Symbols used in E
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C.2 Goudsmit-Saunderson-related sub
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With the release of the EGS4 versio
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“shower book”.For various reaso
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1.2.2 EGS1About this time Nelson be
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MSCAT.These versions of EGS, PEGS,
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ten for energies less than 100 MeV
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- Molière multiple scattering (i.e
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EGS5. The primary advantages of thi
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ICRU37-compliant using the NIST dat
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high Z materials. Del Guerra et al.
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One of these six cross sections is
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at low energies. The latter, couple
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If E 1 and E 2 are expressions invo
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The result of this algorithm is tha
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2.4 Particle Transport SimulationTh
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from appropriate distribution funct
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parameters which may be needed. The
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arrived at their values in a very m
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Math FORTRAN ProgramTable 2.1 (cont
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Figure 2.2: Feynman diagrams for br
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defined byδ ij = 1 if i = j,0 othe
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Davies, Bethe and Maximon[49] (e.g.
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cross section given in Equation 2.4
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and use this as the variable to be
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we haveNow defineδ ′ = ∆ C ∆
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This agrees with formula (10) of Bu
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That is, using Equations 2.122 and
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d˘Σ P air, Run−timedE=[23 − 1
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Angular distribution formulasThe fo
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at either x = 0, x = (πE 0 ) 2 (i.
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The following table, derived from t
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Figure 2.3: Feynman diagrams for tw
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whereX 0 = radiation length (cm),n
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whereα ′ 1 =α ′ 2 =k 0′k 0
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Page 85 and 86: PEGS functions BHABDM, BHABRM, and
Page 87 and 88: To find the limits of E, we first c
Page 89 and 90: Figure 2.5: Feynman diagram for sin
Page 91 and 92: Ī adj = average adjusted mean ioni
Page 93 and 94: Table 2.2 (cont.)Z Symbol Atomic De
Page 95 and 96: Table 2.3 (cont.)LABEL a m s x 0 x
Page 97 and 98: (c) If 10.5 ≤ −C < 11.0 then x
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Page 101 and 102: ρ = material mass density (g/cm 3
Page 103 and 104: Hence,so thatln [1.13 + 3.76(αZ i
Page 105 and 106: g 3 (θ) =θ4 ()λf (0) (θ) + f (1
Page 107 and 108: Actually, b = 0 does not correspond
Page 109 and 110: Assume that an electron starts off
Page 111 and 112: At small path lengths t, a very lar
Page 113 and 114: xFinalDirectionφΘ∆xtInitialDire
Page 115 and 116: shown that this version of the rand
Page 117 and 118: and as we noted earlier, they are d
Page 119 and 120: FinalDirectionxEnergy HingesφΘt(
Page 121 and 122: Transport Steps,∆ E = E x ESTEPEt
Page 123 and 124: tranport step 1DEINITIAL1 DERESID1t
Page 125 and 126: = ∆E( ∣ ∣∣∣ dE−1 ∣ )
Page 127 and 128: Since the CSDA range is uniquely de
Page 129 and 130: short steps accurate, but slowstep
Page 131 and 132: Table 2.4: Materials used in refere
Page 133: Average Lateral Displacement (cm)0.
Page 137 and 138: actions involving photons with ener
Page 139 and 140: Cu 40 keVCounts (/keV/sr/source)10
Page 141 and 142: Table 2.6: Data sources for general
Page 143 and 144: 2.16.2 Photoelectron Angular Distri
Page 145 and 146: where r 0 is the classical electron
Page 147 and 148: second term on the right-hand side
Page 149 and 150: ZθkYOφe0Xk0Figure 2.23: Photon sc
Page 151 and 152: Note the similarities and differenc
Page 153 and 154: XZωk0Oe0YFigure 2.25: Direction of
Page 155 and 156: W = Atomic, molecular and mixture w
Page 157 and 158: In order to use EGS5 to answer the
Page 159 and 160: write(6,100)100 FORMAT(’ PEGS5-ca
Page 161 and 162: ! plate is 1 mm thick!-------------
Page 163 and 164: implicit noneinclude ’include/egs
Page 165 and 166: 0.989 MeV kinetic energyBrem photon
Page 167 and 168: ! locally (in fact EDEP = particles
Page 169 and 170: inmax=max(binmax,ebin(j))end dowrit
Page 171 and 172: 0.40 0.0058 *0.60 0.0054 *0.80 0.00
Page 173 and 174: !----------------------------------
Page 175 and 176: endifif(loop.lt.3) thenwrite(6,120)
Page 177 and 178: 180 FORMAT(/’ Knock-on electrons
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Page 181 and 182: Brem photons can be created and any
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end doend do! nmed and dunit defaul
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! ------------------------------clo
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if (iarg.eq.17) then! A Compton sca
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! the general purpose geometry subr
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eturnend!--------------------------
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open(UNIT= 6,FILE=’egs5job.out’
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write(6,130)130 format(/’ Start t
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icol=* int(dlog10(ebin(j)*10000.0/f
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0.0300 0.0000*0.0320 0.0001*0.0340
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0.0780 0.0014 *0.0800 0.0012 *0.082
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The main purpose of this section, h
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4.1.3 Leading Particle BiasingThe s
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• Sum the weighted energy deposit
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4z6Vac115Pb65Air749 1012AirAir8Vac
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Figure 4.3: UCBEND simulation at 3.
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necessary geometry input. The follo
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Appendix AEGS5 FLOW DIAGRAMSHideo H
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subroutineannihVersion051219-1435ia
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¡eq1anormr = 1./sqrt(anorm2)sineta
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1br = max(br,0.D0)ekse2 = br*ekines
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12 3br = br*pesg = eie*bryesesg.lt.
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¤ne¤nesubroutinecollis(lelec,irl,
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¦ne¦necallausgab(iarg)6iq(np).eq.
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subroutinecomptVersion051219-1435ic
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3456icprof(medium).eq.3noyescallran
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subroutinecounters_outVersion051227
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1234567noii.ne.jjyesnoledgb(ii,medi
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©ne1 2 3neispl = (2*neispl + 1)/3f
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subroutineelectr(ircode)ielectr = i
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7 8 9 10 11 12 13detot = e(np)-ecut
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2324 25 26 27 282930ustep.gt.dnear(
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4142 43 44 45 4647 48 49ecut(irnew)
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5859 60 61 6263 64tmscat.eq.0.0noye
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73 7475 76noedep.lt.e(np)yescallran
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subroutinehardx(charge,kEnergy,keIn
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1 2 3 4 5iz = izziz.eq.0noxsi = zer
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13 14 15 16 17sint.ne.0.yesrdev = m
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19im=1im=im+1im >nmednoyesnoiprofm(
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2223write(kmpo,1610)read(kmpi,1260)
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26 27 28iprofm(im).ne.1noyeswrite(6
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30 31 32 33 34esig0(i,im) = esig0(i
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36 37 38noiedgfl(ii).ne.0.or.iauger
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nokaug.eq.6calllshell(3)kaug.eq.7ka
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subroutinekxrayVersion051219-1435ik
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123dfl3aug(5,iz).eq.0.nonauger = na
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12 3 4rnnow.le.omegal2(iz) + f23(iz
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1 2dflx3(6,iz).eq.0.nonxray=nxray+1
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1impacr(ir(np)).eq.1.and.iedgfl(ir(
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12fject = (ktot - k1grd(iprt,ik1))
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56789thr = 1./eta"Central correctio
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1 2 3delta = delcm(medium)*del"Reje
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89101112galpha.ge.0.0yesnoximid = 0
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subroutinephotoVersion051219-1435"C
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4 5 6 7 8rnnow.le.pbran(i)noyesiz =
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121314beta = sqrt((eelec - RM)*(eel
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subroutinephotonVersion051219-1435i
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678910idisc.gt.0yesnoedep = 0.iarg
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1718192021iausfl(iarg+1)ne0nocallpa
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2728iausfl(iarg+1)ne0noircode = 2np
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subroutinerk1Version060313-0945open
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4 5 6j=1j=j+1j>neke-1noyesj.eq.1noj
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18 19 20 21 22 23elkeold = elkek1ol
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1 2"end of file; go to 13"read(17,*
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4 5"go to 30"noabs(k1mine-k1grd(1,1
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7 8read(17,'(72a1)') bufferread(17,
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subroutine shower(iqi,ei,xi,yi,zi,u
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subroutineuphi(ientry,lvl)Version05
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subroutinerandomset(rndum)Version05
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subroutinerluxinitVersion051219-143
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1i=1i=i+1i>24noyesseeds(i) = real(i
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subroutinerluxinVersion051219-1435w
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Appendix BEGS5 USER MANUALHideo Hir
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Table B.1: Variable descriptions fo
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Table B.12: Variable descriptions f
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Optional parameter modificationsThe
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the call to PEGS5 may be skipped if
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egions. Execution of EGS5 is termin
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of the transport in the walls of el
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call rluxinitafter specifying LUXLE
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END OF FILE ON UNIT 12PROGRAM STOPP
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do i=1,ncasesuf(1)=ufivf(1)=vfiwf(1
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crossed, then USTEP should be set t
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subroutine howfarimplicit noneinclu
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Table B.18: IARG values program sta
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As an example of how to write an AU
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!**********************************
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nreg=3do i=2,nregecut(i)=100.0pcut(
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nlines=0nwrite=15!-----------------
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if (nlines.lt.nwrite) thenwrite(6,1
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Appendix CPEGS USER MANUALHideo Hir
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is entered. On each pass through th
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(from previous figure)(to previous
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(from previous figure)||+ ---------
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+------+|BREMTR|+------+|V+------+|
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+------+|PAIRTR|+------+|V+------+|
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NameDCSLOADDCSSTORDCSTABELASTINOELI
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NameAFFACTAINTPALKEALKEIALINALINIAD
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Table C.5: Functions in PEGS, part
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+------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
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Table C.8: ELEM option input data l
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Table C.10: MIXT option input data
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Table C.12: PWLF option input data
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Table C.17: PLTN option input data
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ICPROF is set to 3, the user must c
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ColumnLine 123456789112345678921234
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interiors of the intervals. If FEXA
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C.3.6The TEST OptionThe TEST option
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C.3.9The HPLT OptionThe Histogram P
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Appendix DEGS5 INSTALLATION GUIDEHi
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egs5 directory (preferably using th
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6. The user is then asked to key-in
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* User code tutor1.f has been compi
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Appendix ECONTENTS OF THE EGS5DISTR
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All of the actual FORTRAN source co
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aprime.data Data for empirical brem
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ismuth krypton silverboron lanthanu
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The tutorial problems and advanced
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Bibliography[1] R. G. Alsmiller Jr.
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[28] A. F. Bielajew. HOWFAR and HOW
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[59] K. Flöttmann. Investigations
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[92] H. Kolbenstvedt. Simple theory
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[123] Y. Namito, H. Hirayama, A. Ta
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[156] Y. A. Shreider, editor. The M
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Index“shower book”, 37AE, 28, 3
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Klein-Nishina formula, 62Landau dis
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