cutoff energy, 26, 28, 30, 31, 38, 54, 82CYLNDR, 188DECK (PEGS option), 378, 381, 386decomposition (see composition sampling), 24delta-ray, 20, 28densitymaterial, 33, 328scaling, 328density effect, 79–81, 372–376density function, 29, 30DIFFER, 54, 382direct sampling, 24, 27distribution function, 27, 29see also cumulative distribution function,22DNEAR, 320, 329, 336, 337DUNIT, 31, 319, 327, 332ECNSV1, 189ECUT, 325, 326, 328, 341EDEP, 189, 317efficiencysimulation, 26, 30EGS3, 1, 75, 83, 120egs5run, 392EII, 342ELECTR, 192, 328, 329, 336, 342electron binding, 28electron density, 37, 38electron impact ionization, 137, 317–319, 326,373–375, 381, 383electron transport, 28ELEM (PEGS option), 371–373, 382Elwert factor, 43EMAXE, 322, 325ENER (PEGS option), 376, 383energy loss, 20, 28, 73step-size, 328energy sampling, 43, 54energy straggling, 82EPCONT, 192ESAVE, 322, 328, 329ESTEPR, 322, 328event (see history), 26event counter, 189, 324excitation, 20, 21, 28Faraday cup, 194FCOULC, 41Feynman diagram, 37fluorescence, 188, 316, 327form factor, 40, 128, 129FUDGEMS, 372, 374, 375, 380geometry, 31combinatorial, 188, 197, 198multi-cylinder, 188multi-slab, 188Goudsmit-Saunderson multiple scattering, 91,318, 328, 365Hartree, 40HATCH, 31, 312, 313, 315, 318, 319, 325–328,330, 332high frequency limit (bremsstrahlung), 43history, 26, 30, 31HOWFAR, 31, 189, 194, 195, 197, 312, 313,315, 333, 336–338, 341HPLT (PEGS option), 355, 379, 389IAPRIM, 372, 374, 375, 380IARG, 340–342, 344IAUSFL, 192, 342IDISC, 317, 336importance sampling, 189, 191, 193incoherent scattering function, 131, 318, 319,326, 372, 374, 375, 380inelastic scattering, 28infrared catastrophe, 28, 38interaction probability, 27ionization, 20, 21, 28, 137, 194IPHTER, 327IRNEW, 336, 337IROLD, 190IRSPLT, 190joint density function, 22, 29, 30joint distribution function, 22K-edge, 120, 121, 327K1HSCL, 327K1LSCL, 327422
Klein-Nishina formula, 62Landau distribution, 82lateral spread, 21leading particle biasing, 188, 191Lorentz force, 193LPM effect, 28, 37, 38Møller scattering, 41, 61, 66radiative, 41magnetic field transport, 188, 193MAIN, 31, 312, 315, 318, 319, 322–324, 326,331–334marginal density function, 25mass absorption coefficient, 21materialization (see pair production), 20mean free path, 27media data, 31MIX, 33mixed sampling, 25MIXT (PEGS option), 371, 375, 376, 382Molière multiple scattering, 82, 83Bethe condition, 87, 91, 319, 328reduced angle, 83validity, 87, 91, 92, 319, 328MOLLER, 342MORSE-CG, 188, 198multiple scattering, 20, 28, 54, 82, 194, 319,380see also Goudsmit-Saunderson, 91see also Molière multiple scattering, 82step-size dependence, 108, 112, 155, 318,319, 324, 327, 328, 373–375, 381NAMELIST, 30NP, 342NTALLY, 189PAIR, 342pair production, 20, 21, 27, 37, 191, 329electron field, 41polar angle, 315threshold, 53PAIRDR, 53PAIRDZ, 53particle trajectories, 194PCUT, 325, 326, 341PEGS, 28, 30, 31, 41function descriptions, 367–370subroutine descriptions, 364, 365PEGS3, 42P<strong>EGS5</strong>, 31, 312, 313, 315, 318, 324, 325PHOTO, 120, 342photoelectric effect, 20, 27, 120, 128, 327PHOTON, 120, 192, 336, 342photon transport, 27photoneutron, 21PHOTTE, 120PHOTTZ, 120PLAN2P, 188PLANE1, 188PLTI (PEGS option), 355, 378, 388PLTN (PEGS option), 355, 379, 388PMDCON, 33polar angle (see secondary angle), 54polarization, 38(see also density effect), 37polarized photonsscattering, 132, 319, 327, 334preprocessor code (see PEGS), 30pressure correction factor, 81probability density function(see also density function), 22probability theory, 21PWLF (PEGS option), 355, 377, 384radiation integral, 41radiation length, 31, 33, 42radiation loss, 20, 21random hinge, 96, 104moments, 98random number generator, 320, 330restart, 331random variable, 22, 27, 29range rejection, 328Rayleigh scattering, 27, 128, 318, 319, 326,372, 374, 375, 380rejection sampling, 24, 25, 44restricted stopping power, 74, 372, 374, 375,380RHOR, 328423
- Page 1 and 2:
THE EGS5 CODE SYSTEM 1Hideo Hirayam
- Page 6 and 7:
4.1 UCCYL - Cylinder-Slab Geometry
- Page 8 and 9:
E CONTENTS OF THE EGS5 DISTRIBUTION
- Page 10 and 11:
2.17 Convergence of energy depositi
- Page 12 and 13:
List of Tables2.1 Symbols used in E
- Page 14 and 15:
C.2 Goudsmit-Saunderson-related sub
- Page 16:
With the release of the EGS4 versio
- Page 19 and 20:
“shower book”.For various reaso
- Page 21 and 22:
1.2.2 EGS1About this time Nelson be
- Page 23 and 24:
MSCAT.These versions of EGS, PEGS,
- Page 25 and 26:
ten for energies less than 100 MeV
- Page 27 and 28:
- Molière multiple scattering (i.e
- Page 29 and 30:
EGS5. The primary advantages of thi
- Page 31 and 32:
ICRU37-compliant using the NIST dat
- Page 33 and 34:
high Z materials. Del Guerra et al.
- Page 35 and 36:
One of these six cross sections is
- Page 37 and 38:
at low energies. The latter, couple
- Page 39 and 40:
If E 1 and E 2 are expressions invo
- Page 41 and 42:
The result of this algorithm is tha
- Page 43 and 44:
2.4 Particle Transport SimulationTh
- Page 45 and 46:
from appropriate distribution funct
- Page 47 and 48:
parameters which may be needed. The
- Page 49 and 50:
arrived at their values in a very m
- Page 51 and 52:
Math FORTRAN ProgramTable 2.1 (cont
- Page 53 and 54:
Figure 2.2: Feynman diagrams for br
- Page 55 and 56:
defined byδ ij = 1 if i = j,0 othe
- Page 57 and 58:
Davies, Bethe and Maximon[49] (e.g.
- Page 59 and 60:
cross section given in Equation 2.4
- Page 61 and 62:
and use this as the variable to be
- Page 63 and 64:
we haveNow defineδ ′ = ∆ C ∆
- Page 65 and 66:
This agrees with formula (10) of Bu
- Page 67 and 68:
That is, using Equations 2.122 and
- Page 69 and 70:
d˘Σ P air, Run−timedE=[23 − 1
- Page 71 and 72:
Angular distribution formulasThe fo
- Page 73 and 74:
at either x = 0, x = (πE 0 ) 2 (i.
- Page 75 and 76:
The following table, derived from t
- Page 77 and 78:
Figure 2.3: Feynman diagrams for tw
- Page 79 and 80:
whereX 0 = radiation length (cm),n
- Page 81 and 82:
whereα ′ 1 =α ′ 2 =k 0′k 0
- Page 83 and 84:
+ 1 E 2′ − 1 E 1′− C 2 ln E
- Page 85 and 86:
PEGS functions BHABDM, BHABRM, and
- Page 87 and 88:
To find the limits of E, we first c
- Page 89 and 90:
Figure 2.5: Feynman diagram for sin
- Page 91 and 92:
Ī adj = average adjusted mean ioni
- Page 93 and 94:
Table 2.2 (cont.)Z Symbol Atomic De
- Page 95 and 96:
Table 2.3 (cont.)LABEL a m s x 0 x
- Page 97 and 98:
(c) If 10.5 ≤ −C < 11.0 then x
- Page 99 and 100:
obtain the real scattering angle. E
- Page 101 and 102:
ρ = material mass density (g/cm 3
- Page 103 and 104:
Hence,so thatln [1.13 + 3.76(αZ i
- Page 105 and 106:
g 3 (θ) =θ4 ()λf (0) (θ) + f (1
- Page 107 and 108:
Actually, b = 0 does not correspond
- Page 109 and 110:
Assume that an electron starts off
- Page 111 and 112:
At small path lengths t, a very lar
- Page 113 and 114:
xFinalDirectionφΘ∆xtInitialDire
- Page 115 and 116:
shown that this version of the rand
- Page 117 and 118:
and as we noted earlier, they are d
- Page 119 and 120:
FinalDirectionxEnergy HingesφΘt(
- Page 121 and 122:
Transport Steps,∆ E = E x ESTEPEt
- Page 123 and 124:
tranport step 1DEINITIAL1 DERESID1t
- Page 125 and 126:
= ∆E( ∣ ∣∣∣ dE−1 ∣ )
- Page 127 and 128:
Since the CSDA range is uniquely de
- Page 129 and 130:
short steps accurate, but slowstep
- Page 131 and 132:
Table 2.4: Materials used in refere
- Page 133 and 134:
Average Lateral Displacement (cm)0.
- Page 135 and 136:
100 MeV Electrons0.010.001LiCLWAlST
- Page 137 and 138:
actions involving photons with ener
- Page 139 and 140:
Cu 40 keVCounts (/keV/sr/source)10
- Page 141 and 142:
Table 2.6: Data sources for general
- Page 143 and 144:
2.16.2 Photoelectron Angular Distri
- Page 145 and 146:
where r 0 is the classical electron
- Page 147 and 148:
second term on the right-hand side
- Page 149 and 150:
ZθkYOφe0Xk0Figure 2.23: Photon sc
- Page 151 and 152:
Note the similarities and differenc
- Page 153 and 154:
XZωk0Oe0YFigure 2.25: Direction of
- Page 155 and 156:
W = Atomic, molecular and mixture w
- Page 157 and 158:
In order to use EGS5 to answer the
- Page 159 and 160:
write(6,100)100 FORMAT(’ PEGS5-ca
- Page 161 and 162:
! plate is 1 mm thick!-------------
- Page 163 and 164:
implicit noneinclude ’include/egs
- Page 165 and 166:
0.989 MeV kinetic energyBrem photon
- Page 167 and 168:
! locally (in fact EDEP = particles
- Page 169 and 170:
inmax=max(binmax,ebin(j))end dowrit
- Page 171 and 172:
0.40 0.0058 *0.60 0.0054 *0.80 0.00
- Page 173 and 174:
!----------------------------------
- Page 175 and 176:
endifif(loop.lt.3) thenwrite(6,120)
- Page 177 and 178:
180 FORMAT(/’ Knock-on electrons
- Page 179 and 180:
common/score/escore(3), iscore(3)re
- Page 181 and 182:
Brem photons can be created and any
- Page 183 and 184:
in any combination of 31 well speci
- Page 185 and 186:
end doend do! nmed and dunit defaul
- Page 187 and 188:
! ------------------------------clo
- Page 189 and 190:
if (iarg.eq.17) then! A Compton sca
- Page 191 and 192:
! the general purpose geometry subr
- Page 193 and 194:
eturnend!--------------------------
- Page 195 and 196:
open(UNIT= 6,FILE=’egs5job.out’
- Page 197 and 198:
write(6,130)130 format(/’ Start t
- Page 199 and 200:
icol=* int(dlog10(ebin(j)*10000.0/f
- Page 201 and 202:
0.0300 0.0000*0.0320 0.0001*0.0340
- Page 203 and 204:
0.0780 0.0014 *0.0800 0.0012 *0.082
- Page 205 and 206:
The main purpose of this section, h
- Page 207 and 208:
4.1.3 Leading Particle BiasingThe s
- Page 209 and 210:
• Sum the weighted energy deposit
- Page 211 and 212:
4z6Vac115Pb65Air749 1012AirAir8Vac
- Page 213 and 214:
Figure 4.3: UCBEND simulation at 3.
- Page 215 and 216:
necessary geometry input. The follo
- Page 217 and 218:
Appendix AEGS5 FLOW DIAGRAMSHideo H
- Page 219 and 220:
subroutineannihVersion051219-1435ia
- Page 221 and 222:
¡eq1anormr = 1./sqrt(anorm2)sineta
- Page 223 and 224:
1br = max(br,0.D0)ekse2 = br*ekines
- Page 225 and 226:
12 3br = br*pesg = eie*bryesesg.lt.
- Page 227 and 228:
¤ne¤nesubroutinecollis(lelec,irl,
- Page 229 and 230:
¦ne¦necallausgab(iarg)6iq(np).eq.
- Page 231 and 232:
subroutinecomptVersion051219-1435ic
- Page 233 and 234:
3456icprof(medium).eq.3noyescallran
- Page 235 and 236:
subroutinecounters_outVersion051227
- Page 237 and 238:
1234567noii.ne.jjyesnoledgb(ii,medi
- Page 239 and 240:
©ne1 2 3neispl = (2*neispl + 1)/3f
- Page 241 and 242:
subroutineelectr(ircode)ielectr = i
- Page 243 and 244:
7 8 9 10 11 12 13detot = e(np)-ecut
- Page 245 and 246:
2324 25 26 27 282930ustep.gt.dnear(
- Page 247 and 248:
4142 43 44 45 4647 48 49ecut(irnew)
- Page 249 and 250:
5859 60 61 6263 64tmscat.eq.0.0noye
- Page 251 and 252:
73 7475 76noedep.lt.e(np)yescallran
- Page 253 and 254:
subroutinehardx(charge,kEnergy,keIn
- Page 255 and 256:
1 2 3 4 5iz = izziz.eq.0noxsi = zer
- Page 257 and 258:
13 14 15 16 17sint.ne.0.yesrdev = m
- Page 259 and 260:
19im=1im=im+1im >nmednoyesnoiprofm(
- Page 261 and 262:
2223write(kmpo,1610)read(kmpi,1260)
- Page 263 and 264:
26 27 28iprofm(im).ne.1noyeswrite(6
- Page 265 and 266:
30 31 32 33 34esig0(i,im) = esig0(i
- Page 267 and 268:
36 37 38noiedgfl(ii).ne.0.or.iauger
- Page 269 and 270:
nokaug.eq.6calllshell(3)kaug.eq.7ka
- Page 271 and 272:
subroutinekxrayVersion051219-1435ik
- Page 273 and 274:
123dfl3aug(5,iz).eq.0.nonauger = na
- Page 275 and 276:
12 3 4rnnow.le.omegal2(iz) + f23(iz
- Page 277 and 278:
1 2dflx3(6,iz).eq.0.nonxray=nxray+1
- Page 279 and 280:
1impacr(ir(np)).eq.1.and.iedgfl(ir(
- Page 281 and 282:
12fject = (ktot - k1grd(iprt,ik1))
- Page 283 and 284:
56789thr = 1./eta"Central correctio
- Page 285 and 286:
1 2 3delta = delcm(medium)*del"Reje
- Page 287 and 288:
89101112galpha.ge.0.0yesnoximid = 0
- Page 289 and 290:
subroutinephotoVersion051219-1435"C
- Page 291 and 292:
4 5 6 7 8rnnow.le.pbran(i)noyesiz =
- Page 293 and 294:
121314beta = sqrt((eelec - RM)*(eel
- Page 295 and 296:
subroutinephotonVersion051219-1435i
- Page 297 and 298:
678910idisc.gt.0yesnoedep = 0.iarg
- Page 299 and 300:
1718192021iausfl(iarg+1)ne0nocallpa
- Page 301 and 302:
2728iausfl(iarg+1)ne0noircode = 2np
- Page 303 and 304:
subroutinerk1Version060313-0945open
- Page 305 and 306:
4 5 6j=1j=j+1j>neke-1noyesj.eq.1noj
- Page 307 and 308:
18 19 20 21 22 23elkeold = elkek1ol
- Page 309 and 310:
1 2"end of file; go to 13"read(17,*
- Page 311 and 312:
4 5"go to 30"noabs(k1mine-k1grd(1,1
- Page 313 and 314:
7 8read(17,'(72a1)') bufferread(17,
- Page 315 and 316:
subroutine shower(iqi,ei,xi,yi,zi,u
- Page 317 and 318:
subroutineuphi(ientry,lvl)Version05
- Page 319 and 320:
subroutinerandomset(rndum)Version05
- Page 321 and 322:
subroutinerluxinitVersion051219-143
- Page 323 and 324:
1i=1i=i+1i>24noyesseeds(i) = real(i
- Page 325 and 326:
subroutinerluxinVersion051219-1435w
- Page 327 and 328:
Appendix BEGS5 USER MANUALHideo Hir
- Page 329 and 330:
Table B.1: Variable descriptions fo
- Page 331 and 332:
Table B.2: Variable descriptions fo
- Page 333 and 334:
Table B.5: Variable descriptions fo
- Page 335 and 336:
Table B.8: Variable descriptions fo
- Page 337 and 338:
Table B.12: Variable descriptions f
- Page 339 and 340:
Optional parameter modificationsThe
- Page 341 and 342:
the call to PEGS5 may be skipped if
- Page 343 and 344:
egions. Execution of EGS5 is termin
- Page 345 and 346:
of the transport in the walls of el
- Page 347 and 348:
call rluxinitafter specifying LUXLE
- Page 349 and 350:
END OF FILE ON UNIT 12PROGRAM STOPP
- Page 351 and 352:
do i=1,ncasesuf(1)=ufivf(1)=vfiwf(1
- Page 353 and 354:
crossed, then USTEP should be set t
- Page 355 and 356:
subroutine howfarimplicit noneinclu
- Page 357 and 358:
Table B.18: IARG values program sta
- Page 359 and 360:
As an example of how to write an AU
- Page 361 and 362:
!**********************************
- Page 363 and 364:
nreg=3do i=2,nregecut(i)=100.0pcut(
- Page 365 and 366:
nlines=0nwrite=15!-----------------
- Page 367 and 368:
if (nlines.lt.nwrite) thenwrite(6,1
- Page 369 and 370:
Appendix CPEGS USER MANUALHideo Hir
- Page 371 and 372:
is entered. On each pass through th
- Page 373 and 374:
(from previous figure)(to previous
- Page 375 and 376:
(from previous figure)||+ ---------
- Page 377 and 378:
+------+|BREMTR|+------+|V+------+|
- Page 379 and 380:
+------+|PAIRTR|+------+|V+------+|
- Page 381 and 382:
NameDCSLOADDCSSTORDCSTABELASTINOELI
- Page 383 and 384:
NameAFFACTAINTPALKEALKEIALINALINIAD
- Page 385 and 386:
Table C.5: Functions in PEGS, part
- Page 387 and 388: +------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
- Page 389 and 390: Table C.8: ELEM option input data l
- Page 391 and 392: Table C.10: MIXT option input data
- Page 393 and 394: Table C.12: PWLF option input data
- Page 395 and 396: Table C.17: PLTN option input data
- Page 397 and 398: ICPROF is set to 3, the user must c
- Page 399 and 400: ColumnLine 123456789112345678921234
- Page 401 and 402: interiors of the intervals. If FEXA
- Page 403 and 404: C.3.6The TEST OptionThe TEST option
- Page 405 and 406: C.3.9The HPLT OptionThe Histogram P
- Page 407 and 408: Appendix DEGS5 INSTALLATION GUIDEHi
- Page 409 and 410: egs5 directory (preferably using th
- Page 411 and 412: 6. The user is then asked to key-in
- Page 413 and 414: * User code tutor1.f has been compi
- Page 415 and 416: Appendix ECONTENTS OF THE EGS5DISTR
- Page 417 and 418: All of the actual FORTRAN source co
- Page 419 and 420: aprime.data Data for empirical brem
- Page 421 and 422: ismuth krypton silverboron lanthanu
- Page 423 and 424: The tutorial problems and advanced
- Page 425 and 426: Bibliography[1] R. G. Alsmiller Jr.
- Page 427 and 428: [28] A. F. Bielajew. HOWFAR and HOW
- Page 429 and 430: [59] K. Flöttmann. Investigations
- Page 431 and 432: [92] H. Kolbenstvedt. Simple theory
- Page 433 and 434: [123] Y. Namito, H. Hirayama, A. Ta
- Page 435 and 436: [156] Y. A. Shreider, editor. The M
- Page 437: Index“shower book”, 37AE, 28, 3