THE EGS5 CODE SYSTEM

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[13] J. E. Augustin, A. M. Boyarski, M. Breidenbach, F. Bulos, J. T. Dakin, G. J. Feldman,G. E. Fischer, D. Fryberger, G. Hanson, B. Jean-Marie, R. R. Larsen, V. Luth, H. L. Lynch,D. Lyon, C. C. Morehouse, J. M. Paterson, M. L. Perl, B. Richter, P. Rapidis, R. F. Schwitters,W. M. Tanenbaum, and F. Vannucci. Discovery of a narrow resonance in e + e − annihilation.Phys. Rev. Lett., 33:1406–1408, 1974.[14] J. Baró, J. Sempau, J. M. Fernández-Varea, and F. Salvat. PENELOPE: An algorithmfor Monte Carlo simulation of the penetration and energy loss of electrons and positrons inmatter . Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 100:31–46, 1995.[15] M. J. Berger. Monte Carlo calculation of the penetration and diffusion of fast charged particles.In B. Adlu, S. Fernbach, and M. Rotenberg, editors, Methods in Computational PhysicsVol. I, pages 135–215. Academic Press, New York, 1963.[16] M. J. Berger. Private communication with W.R. Nelson, 1976.[17] M. J. Berger and S. M. Seltzer. Tables of energy losses and ranges of electrons and positrons.Report NASA-SP-3012, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1964. (also NationalAcademy of Sciences, National Research Council Publication 1133, 1964, Second Printing1967).[18] M. J. Berger and S. M. Seltzer. Calculation of energy and charge deposition and of theelectron flux in a water medium bombarded with 20-MeV electrons. Ann. N.Y. Acad. of Sci.,161:8–23, 1969.[19] M. J. Berger and S. M. Seltzer. Bremsstrahlung and photoneutrons from thick tungsten andtantalum targets. Phys. Rev. C, 2:621–631, 1970.[20] M. J. Berger and S. M. Seltzer. Stopping powers and ranges of electrons and positrons(2nd Ed.). Report NBSIR 82-2550-A, U. S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau ofStandards, 1983.[21] H. A. Bethe. Theory of passage of swift corpuscular rays through matter. Ann. Physik, 5:325,1930.[22] H. A. Bethe. Scattering of electrons. Z. für Physik, 76:293, 1932.[23] H. A. Bethe. Molière’s theory of multiple scattering. Phys. Rev., 89:1256–1266, 1953.[24] H. A. Bethe and J. Ashkin. Passage of radiation through matter. In E. Segre, editor,Experimental Nuclear Physics, Vol. I, Part II. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1953.[25] H. J. Bhabha. Scattering of positrons by electrons with exchange on Dirac’s theory of thepositron. Proc. R. Soc. Lon. Ser.-A), 154:195, 1936.[26] A. F. Bielajew. Improved angular sampling for pair production in the EGS4 code system.Report PIRS-0287, National Research Council of Canada, 1991.[27] A. F. Bielajew. Plural and multiple small-angle scattering from a screened Rutherford crosssection. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 86:257–269, 1994.410
[28] A. F. Bielajew. HOWFAR and HOWNEAR: Geometry modeling for Monte Carlo particletransport. Report PIRS-0341, National Research Council of Canada, 1995.[29] A. F. Bielajew, R. Mohan, and C. S. Chui. Improved bremsstrahlung photon angular samplingin the EGS4 code system. Report PIRS-0203, National Research Council of Canada, 1989.[30] A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. Photoelectron angular distribution in the EGS4 codesystem. Report PIRS-0058, National Research Council of Canada, 1986.[31] A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. PRESTA: The Parameter Reduced Electron-Step TransportAlgorithm for electron Monte Carlo transport. Report PIRS-0042, National ResearchCouncil of Canada, 1986.[32] A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. PRESTA: The Parameter Reduced Electron-StepTransport Algorithm for electron Monte Carlo transport. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 18:165–181, 1987.[33] A. F. Bielajew and D. W. O. Rogers. Electron step-size artefacts and PRESTA. In T.M.Jenkins, W.R. Nelson, A. Rindi, A.E. Nahum, and D.W.O. Rogers, editors, Monte CarloTransport of Electrons and Photons, pages 115–137. Plenum Press, New York, 1989.[34] A. F. Bielajew and S. J. Wilderman. Innovative electron transport methods in <strong>EGS5</strong>. InProceedings of the Second International Workshop on EGS4, pages 1–10, Japan, 2000. (KEKProceedings 2000-20).[35] F. Biggs, L. B. Mendelsohn, and J. B. Mann. Hartree-fock compton profiles for the elements.Atom. Data Nucl. Data, 16:201–309, 1975.[36] F. Bloch. Stopping power of atoms with several electrons. Z. für Physik, 81:363, 1933.[37] H. Burfeindt. Monte-Carlo-Rechnung für 3 GeV-Schauer in Blei. Report DESY-67/24,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 1967.[38] J. C. Butcher and H. Messel. Electron number distribution in electron-photon showers. Phys.Rev., 112:2096–2106, 1958.[39] J. C. Butcher and H. Messel. Electron number distribution in electron-photon showers in airand aluminum absorbers. Nucl. Phys., 20:15–28, 1960.[40] J. W. Butler. Machine sampling from given probability distributions. In H. A. Meyer, editor,Symposium on Monte Carlo Methods. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1966.[41] L. L. Carter and E. D. Cashwell. Particle-transport simulation with the monte carlo method.Report TID-26607, National Technical Information Service, U. S. Department of Commerce,Springfield, VA, 1975.[42] E. D. Cashwell and C. J. Everett. Monte Carlo Method for Random Walk Problems. PergamonPress, New York, 1959.[43] E. Casnati, A. Tartari, and C. Baraldi. An empirical approach to K-shell ionisation crosssection by electrons. J. Phys. B, 15:155–167, 1982.411
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THE EGS5 CODE SYSTEM 1Hideo Hirayam
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4.1 UCCYL - Cylinder-Slab Geometry
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E CONTENTS OF THE EGS5 DISTRIBUTION
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2.17 Convergence of energy depositi
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List of Tables2.1 Symbols used in E
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C.2 Goudsmit-Saunderson-related sub
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With the release of the EGS4 versio
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“shower book”.For various reaso
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1.2.2 EGS1About this time Nelson be
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MSCAT.These versions of EGS, PEGS,
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ten for energies less than 100 MeV
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- Molière multiple scattering (i.e
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EGS5. The primary advantages of thi
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ICRU37-compliant using the NIST dat
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high Z materials. Del Guerra et al.
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One of these six cross sections is
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at low energies. The latter, couple
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If E 1 and E 2 are expressions invo
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The result of this algorithm is tha
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2.4 Particle Transport SimulationTh
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from appropriate distribution funct
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parameters which may be needed. The
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arrived at their values in a very m
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Math FORTRAN ProgramTable 2.1 (cont
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Figure 2.2: Feynman diagrams for br
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defined byδ ij = 1 if i = j,0 othe
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Davies, Bethe and Maximon[49] (e.g.
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cross section given in Equation 2.4
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and use this as the variable to be
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we haveNow defineδ ′ = ∆ C ∆
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This agrees with formula (10) of Bu
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That is, using Equations 2.122 and
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d˘Σ P air, Run−timedE=[23 − 1
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Angular distribution formulasThe fo
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at either x = 0, x = (πE 0 ) 2 (i.
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The following table, derived from t
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Figure 2.3: Feynman diagrams for tw
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whereX 0 = radiation length (cm),n
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whereα ′ 1 =α ′ 2 =k 0′k 0
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+ 1 E 2′ − 1 E 1′− C 2 ln E
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PEGS functions BHABDM, BHABRM, and
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To find the limits of E, we first c
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Figure 2.5: Feynman diagram for sin
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Ī adj = average adjusted mean ioni
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Table 2.2 (cont.)Z Symbol Atomic De
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Table 2.3 (cont.)LABEL a m s x 0 x
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(c) If 10.5 ≤ −C < 11.0 then x
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obtain the real scattering angle. E
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ρ = material mass density (g/cm 3
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Hence,so thatln [1.13 + 3.76(αZ i
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g 3 (θ) =θ4 ()λf (0) (θ) + f (1
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Actually, b = 0 does not correspond
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Assume that an electron starts off
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At small path lengths t, a very lar
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xFinalDirectionφΘ∆xtInitialDire
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shown that this version of the rand
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and as we noted earlier, they are d
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FinalDirectionxEnergy HingesφΘt(
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Transport Steps,∆ E = E x ESTEPEt
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tranport step 1DEINITIAL1 DERESID1t
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= ∆E( ∣ ∣∣∣ dE−1 ∣ )
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Since the CSDA range is uniquely de
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short steps accurate, but slowstep
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Table 2.4: Materials used in refere
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Average Lateral Displacement (cm)0.
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100 MeV Electrons0.010.001LiCLWAlST
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actions involving photons with ener
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Cu 40 keVCounts (/keV/sr/source)10
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Table 2.6: Data sources for general
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2.16.2 Photoelectron Angular Distri
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where r 0 is the classical electron
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second term on the right-hand side
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ZθkYOφe0Xk0Figure 2.23: Photon sc
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Note the similarities and differenc
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XZωk0Oe0YFigure 2.25: Direction of
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W = Atomic, molecular and mixture w
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In order to use EGS5 to answer the
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write(6,100)100 FORMAT(’ PEGS5-ca
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! plate is 1 mm thick!-------------
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implicit noneinclude ’include/egs
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0.989 MeV kinetic energyBrem photon
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! locally (in fact EDEP = particles
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inmax=max(binmax,ebin(j))end dowrit
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0.40 0.0058 *0.60 0.0054 *0.80 0.00
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!----------------------------------
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endifif(loop.lt.3) thenwrite(6,120)
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180 FORMAT(/’ Knock-on electrons
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common/score/escore(3), iscore(3)re
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Brem photons can be created and any
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in any combination of 31 well speci
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end doend do! nmed and dunit defaul
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! ------------------------------clo
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if (iarg.eq.17) then! A Compton sca
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! the general purpose geometry subr
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eturnend!--------------------------
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open(UNIT= 6,FILE=’egs5job.out’
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write(6,130)130 format(/’ Start t
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icol=* int(dlog10(ebin(j)*10000.0/f
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0.0300 0.0000*0.0320 0.0001*0.0340
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0.0780 0.0014 *0.0800 0.0012 *0.082
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The main purpose of this section, h
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4.1.3 Leading Particle BiasingThe s
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• Sum the weighted energy deposit
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4z6Vac115Pb65Air749 1012AirAir8Vac
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Figure 4.3: UCBEND simulation at 3.
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necessary geometry input. The follo
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Appendix AEGS5 FLOW DIAGRAMSHideo H
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subroutineannihVersion051219-1435ia
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¡eq1anormr = 1./sqrt(anorm2)sineta
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1br = max(br,0.D0)ekse2 = br*ekines
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12 3br = br*pesg = eie*bryesesg.lt.
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¤ne¤nesubroutinecollis(lelec,irl,
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¦ne¦necallausgab(iarg)6iq(np).eq.
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subroutinecomptVersion051219-1435ic
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3456icprof(medium).eq.3noyescallran
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subroutinecounters_outVersion051227
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1234567noii.ne.jjyesnoledgb(ii,medi
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©ne1 2 3neispl = (2*neispl + 1)/3f
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subroutineelectr(ircode)ielectr = i
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7 8 9 10 11 12 13detot = e(np)-ecut
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2324 25 26 27 282930ustep.gt.dnear(
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4142 43 44 45 4647 48 49ecut(irnew)
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5859 60 61 6263 64tmscat.eq.0.0noye
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73 7475 76noedep.lt.e(np)yescallran
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subroutinehardx(charge,kEnergy,keIn
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1 2 3 4 5iz = izziz.eq.0noxsi = zer
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13 14 15 16 17sint.ne.0.yesrdev = m
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19im=1im=im+1im >nmednoyesnoiprofm(
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2223write(kmpo,1610)read(kmpi,1260)
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26 27 28iprofm(im).ne.1noyeswrite(6
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30 31 32 33 34esig0(i,im) = esig0(i
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36 37 38noiedgfl(ii).ne.0.or.iauger
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nokaug.eq.6calllshell(3)kaug.eq.7ka
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subroutinekxrayVersion051219-1435ik
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123dfl3aug(5,iz).eq.0.nonauger = na
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12 3 4rnnow.le.omegal2(iz) + f23(iz
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1 2dflx3(6,iz).eq.0.nonxray=nxray+1
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1impacr(ir(np)).eq.1.and.iedgfl(ir(
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12fject = (ktot - k1grd(iprt,ik1))
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56789thr = 1./eta"Central correctio
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1 2 3delta = delcm(medium)*del"Reje
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89101112galpha.ge.0.0yesnoximid = 0
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subroutinephotoVersion051219-1435"C
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4 5 6 7 8rnnow.le.pbran(i)noyesiz =
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121314beta = sqrt((eelec - RM)*(eel
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subroutinephotonVersion051219-1435i
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678910idisc.gt.0yesnoedep = 0.iarg
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1718192021iausfl(iarg+1)ne0nocallpa
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2728iausfl(iarg+1)ne0noircode = 2np
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subroutinerk1Version060313-0945open
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4 5 6j=1j=j+1j>neke-1noyesj.eq.1noj
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18 19 20 21 22 23elkeold = elkek1ol
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1 2"end of file; go to 13"read(17,*
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4 5"go to 30"noabs(k1mine-k1grd(1,1
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7 8read(17,'(72a1)') bufferread(17,
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subroutine shower(iqi,ei,xi,yi,zi,u
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subroutineuphi(ientry,lvl)Version05
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subroutinerandomset(rndum)Version05
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subroutinerluxinitVersion051219-143
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1i=1i=i+1i>24noyesseeds(i) = real(i
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subroutinerluxinVersion051219-1435w
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Appendix BEGS5 USER MANUALHideo Hir
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Table B.1: Variable descriptions fo
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Table B.12: Variable descriptions f
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Optional parameter modificationsThe
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the call to PEGS5 may be skipped if
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egions. Execution of EGS5 is termin
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of the transport in the walls of el
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call rluxinitafter specifying LUXLE
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END OF FILE ON UNIT 12PROGRAM STOPP
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do i=1,ncasesuf(1)=ufivf(1)=vfiwf(1
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crossed, then USTEP should be set t
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subroutine howfarimplicit noneinclu
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Table B.18: IARG values program sta
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As an example of how to write an AU
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!**********************************
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nreg=3do i=2,nregecut(i)=100.0pcut(
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nlines=0nwrite=15!-----------------
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if (nlines.lt.nwrite) thenwrite(6,1
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Appendix CPEGS USER MANUALHideo Hir
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is entered. On each pass through th
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(from previous figure)(to previous
Page 375 and 376: (from previous figure)||+ ---------
Page 377 and 378: +------+|BREMTR|+------+|V+------+|
Page 379 and 380: +------+|PAIRTR|+------+|V+------+|
Page 381 and 382: NameDCSLOADDCSSTORDCSTABELASTINOELI
Page 383 and 384: NameAFFACTAINTPALKEALKEIALINALINIAD
Page 385 and 386: Table C.5: Functions in PEGS, part
Page 387 and 388: +------+ +------+ +------+ +------+
Page 389 and 390: Table C.8: ELEM option input data l
Page 391 and 392: Table C.10: MIXT option input data
Page 393 and 394: Table C.12: PWLF option input data
Page 395 and 396: Table C.17: PLTN option input data
Page 397 and 398: ICPROF is set to 3, the user must c
Page 399 and 400: ColumnLine 123456789112345678921234
Page 401 and 402: interiors of the intervals. If FEXA
Page 403 and 404: C.3.6The TEST OptionThe TEST option
Page 405 and 406: C.3.9The HPLT OptionThe Histogram P
Page 407 and 408: Appendix DEGS5 INSTALLATION GUIDEHi
Page 409 and 410: egs5 directory (preferably using th
Page 411 and 412: 6. The user is then asked to key-in
Page 413 and 414: * User code tutor1.f has been compi
Page 415 and 416: Appendix ECONTENTS OF THE EGS5DISTR
Page 417 and 418: All of the actual FORTRAN source co
Page 419 and 420: aprime.data Data for empirical brem
Page 421 and 422: ismuth krypton silverboron lanthanu
Page 423 and 424: The tutorial problems and advanced
Page 425: Bibliography[1] R. G. Alsmiller Jr.
Page 429 and 430: [59] K. Flöttmann. Investigations
Page 431 and 432: [92] H. Kolbenstvedt. Simple theory
Page 433 and 434: [123] Y. Namito, H. Hirayama, A. Ta
Page 435 and 436: [156] Y. A. Shreider, editor. The M
Page 437 and 438: Index“shower book”, 37AE, 28, 3
Page 439 and 440: Klein-Nishina formula, 62Landau dis
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