MALTING QUALITY TRAITS - Canadian Malting Barley Technical ...

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6 Table 1. Disposition of Canadian Barley Chapter One The concentration of malting barley production in the Prairie provinces is due to climate. Located in the heart of North America, the Prairies receive few moisture-bearing winds from the Pacific region, but are controlled rather by moist, warm air from the USA Midwest in summer and frigid air masses from the Arctic in winter. The region’s climate is characterized by short, hot summers and long, cold winters, low precipitation and high evaporation. The mean annual temperature ranges from 1.5°C to 3.5°C. Mean seasonal temperatures range from -12.5°C to -8°C in winter and 14°C to 16°C in summer. The mean annual precipitation is 423 mm for Western Canada. These weather characteristics normally provide optimum growing and harvesting conditions for malting barley. Hot summers promote growth and quality development; cold winters eliminate pests and reduce storage infestation; low precipitation and humidity discourage barley disease development; and cool, dry harvest weather reduces the chance of barley staining or sprouting. Collectively, these climatic conditions enable Canada to produce the cleanest malting barley in the world without, or with very limited, use of chemicals for disease and pest control. 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 (F) Carryin 1.5 1.5 2.8 Production 11.0 11.8 9.6 Imports 0.0 0.1 0.0 Total supply 12.5 13.4 12.4 Domestic use 7.0 8.1 7.7 Feed use 6.6 7.7 7.3 Exports 3.9 2.4 2.2 Feed 1.7 0.1 0.1 Malting 1.2 1.4 1.3 Malt 1.0 0.9 0.8 Carryout 1.6 2.8 2.6 Barley Types and Malting Varieties Two-row malting varieties are the predominant type of barley grown in western Canada (Figure 2). In recent years they have held close to 55% of the total barley. The next biggest type of barley grown is feed varieties. These account for 30% to 35% of total barley area in recent years. The third biggest type is six-row malting varieties. These have declined in recent years to less than 10% of production from over 20% in the late 1990s. A very small area of hulless barley is also produced. In recent years, AC Metcalfe, Kendall and CDC Copeland have been the principal two-row varieties, with AC Metcalfe being the primary variety. Although in 1998 Harrington had the larger growing area of the two-row varieties (contributing about 66% toward Canada’s total malting barley production), its growing area is continually declining such that it is now fourth in terms of production and two-row selections, as more recently registered varieties with equal or better agronomic traits (AC Metcalfe, CDC Kendall, CDC Copeland) have replaced it. AC Metcalfe accounted for over 50% of the two-rowed selections for crop year 2005-06 (Figure 3). The newly registered varieties (under market testing in 2005-06), which have malting and brewing quality at least comparable to, and potentially better in certain respects than, AC Metcalfe include CDC Select, Calder and Newdale.
Figure 2: Percentage of Barley Area by Variety Type Figure 3: Tworow malting varieties seeded Figure 4: Sixrow malting varieties seeded Percentage of seeded acres Percentage of seeded acres Percentage of seeded acres CWB Variety Survey 2001-2010 Percentage of Prairie barley seeded area by type 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 CWB Variety Survey 2001-2010 Two-row Malting Barley - Prairies 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 CWB Variety Survey 2001-2010 Six-row Malting Barley - Prairies 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Feed (2&6 Row) Two-row (malt) Six-row (malt) Hulless (2&6 Row) Other CDC Meredith Merit Harrington CDC Kendall CDC PolarStar Newdale CDC Copeland AC Metcalfe Other Excel B1602 CDC Sisler CDC Clyde CDC Yorkton Robust CDC Battleford Lacey Stellar-ND Tradition Legacy Chapter One 7
Page 1 and 2: Canadian Barley Malting and Brewing
Page 3 and 4: Copyright © CMBTC 2012 Design and
Page 5: Canadian Malting Barley Production
Page 9 and 10: Malt Production for Domestic and Ex
Page 11 and 12: 2 IN Malting Barley Selection, Hand
Page 13 and 14: To better understand visual evaluat
Page 15 and 16: Barley Moisture Content Barley mois
Page 17 and 18: 3 IN Figure 1. Cross-section of a b
Page 19 and 20: Figure 3. TOP: Barley endosperm sho
Page 21 and 22: 4 Introduction Malting practices ma
Page 23 and 24: levels promote rapid modification,
Page 25 and 26: Fig. 1 A tower malting plant at Ali
Page 27 and 28: production, consequently uneven chi
Page 29 and 30: 5 Brewing Whirl Pool Hot Wort Tank
Page 31 and 32: centre timing. A savings of 15 minu
Page 33 and 34: One of the known advantages of usin
Page 35 and 36: Malting Barley Varieties Under Deve
Page 37 and 38: TM COMPARATIVE MALT QUALITY PARAMET
Page 39 and 40: CDC COPELAND Two-rowed, a cross of
Page 41 and 42: CDC POLARSTAR Two-rowed, a cross of
Page 43 and 44: NEWDALE Two-rowed, a cross of CDC S
Page 45 and 46: LEGACY TM Six-rowed, a cross of Exc
Page 47 and 48: TRADITION TM Six-rowed, a cross of
Page 49 and 50: Chapter Seven responsible for barle
Page 51 and 52: Chapter Seven Once selected, all of
Page 53 and 54: 8 THE Chapter Eight Canadian Grain
Page 55 and 56: Chapter Eight Grain Safety The GRL
Page 57 and 58:
9 THIS Chapter Nine Organizations a
Page 59 and 60:
Chapter Nine associated government
Page 61 and 62:
Contact List Organizations Brewing
Page 63 and 64:
Acrospire Glossary of Terms Adjunct
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66 Copyright © CMBTC 2012 Printed
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