Assessing Technical and Economic Recovery of Oil Resources

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4800Oil Saturation %100 048504900495050005050OWC51005150Main Pay Zone (MPZ)Base of Producing OWCTransition Zone (TZ)520052505300Residual Oil Zone (ROZ)535054005450Base of Ultimate OWCFigure 1. Oil Saturation Profile in the TZ/ROZ:Adapted from a Wasson Denver Unit WellA. Origin of Residual Oil Zones. Three possible origins for ROZs wereset forth in the initial report. 5 To illustrate the origins of ROZs, we begin with aconventional but hypothetical hydrocarbon accumulation, shown on Figure 2, OriginalOil Accumulation Under Static Aquifer Conditions (A Hypothetical Example). Thisoriginal oil accumulation may subsequently be affected by natural forces such asregional basin uplift, seal breach, or a change in the hydrodynamics of the underlyingregional aquifer, leading to the development of a ROZ.5 Melzer, S., (2006) “Stranded Oil in the Residual Zone.” U.S. Department of Energy Report (underreview).2-2 February 2006
WEOil TrapBase of Original Oil SaturationSpill PointStatic AquiferFigure 2. Original Oil Accumulation Under Static Aquifer Conditions(A Hypothetical Example)1. Regional or Local Basin Tilt. Figure 3, Original Oil Accumulation Subject to RegionalTilt, Forming a ROZ, illustrates an original oil trap with a hydrocarbon spill pointon the east. The trap is subsequently subjected to an upward basin tilt on thewest of approximately 40 feet per mile. This hypothetical situation preserves thespill point of the original hydrocarbon accumulation on the east side and causesthe oil column to thin on the west side, leaving behind a zone of “water swept” oil.The resulting main oil column is now tilted and the Type 1 ROZ is wedge shapedwith the updip (west) side being thicker.2-3 February 2006
Page 1 and 2: ASSESSING TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICREC
Page 3: ASSESSING TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC RE
Page 6 and 7: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYOur first study,
Page 8 and 9: have favorable TZ/ROZ characteristi
Page 10 and 11: 8. The technically recoverable ROZ/
Page 12 and 13: When conducted simultaneously, each
Page 14 and 15: saturation left after waterflooding
Page 18 and 19: WEOil TrapROZROZProducingOWCBase of
Page 20 and 21: WEOil TrapROZROZProducingOWCBase of
Page 22 and 23: 5,400 5,300 5,200 5,100 5,0006,000
Page 24 and 25: 6,000 5,900 5,800 5,700 5,600 5,500
Page 26 and 27: C. Evidence for ROZs in the Permian
Page 28 and 29: III. EVALUATING OIL RECOVERY FROM R
Page 30 and 31: Estimates of MPZ and ROZ oil produc
Page 32 and 33: Producing OWCAdapted from Oxy Permi
Page 34 and 35: The initial forecasts of oil respon
Page 36 and 37: B. Sample ROZ Oil Fields. Five majo
Page 38 and 39: Basin Name Permian West Texas 8A15
Page 40 and 41: Seminole San Andres Unit Production
Page 42 and 43: Basin Name Permian West Texas 8A19
Page 44 and 45: Basin Name Permian East New Mexico4
Page 46 and 47: IV. CALIBRATING THE OIL RECOVERY MO
Page 48 and 49: PROPHET input file to account for t
Page 50 and 51: 1,400Reservoir Simulation1,200Proph
Page 52 and 53: Table 3. Technical Oil Recovery Tot
Page 54 and 55: the full TZ in the TZ/ROZ CO 2 -EOR
Page 56 and 57: • Methodology. Reservoir simulati
Page 58 and 59: Development of the reservoir starte
Page 60 and 61: VI. ECONOMICALLY RECOVERABLE OILRES
Page 62 and 63: • Finally, the largest single cos
Page 64 and 65: These 1.4 billion barrels of oil re
Page 66 and 67:
APPENDIX AOIL IN-PLACE FOR THE TZ A
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Table A-1. Key Inputs for Calculati
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ADJUSTING THE ROZ OIL IN-PLACE VALU
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APPENDIX CECONOMIC ANALYSES OF FIVE
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Field Cashflow Model Pattern FieldS
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Field Cashflow ModelStateFieldForma
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BasinFieldFormationTechnology CaseD
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Assessing Technical and Economic Recovery of Oil Resources

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