Assessing Technical and Economic Recovery of Oil Resources

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III. EVALUATING OIL RECOVERY FROM RESIDUALOIL ZONESThe Permian Basin appears to be well positioned to be the initial setting fordelivering oil production from transition and residual oil zones. Since most of theTZ/ROZ oil resource is immobile, CO 2 -EOR may be the only way to re-mobilize andproduce these vast oil resources. The basin has a large CO 2 delivery infrastructure withmany of the fields already under CO 2 -EOR in their main pay zone (MPZ). Co-producingthe MPZ and the TZ/ROZ could be a logical next step, as illustrated by the initialTZ/ROZ activity underway in this basin.A. Pilot Demonstrations of ROZ Floods. Three ROZ CO 2 -EOR pilotprojects are currently underway in the Permian Basin. Two are being conducted withinthe giant Wasson Field (Denver and Bennett Ranch Units) while the third is in theSeminole-San Andres Unit. The following provides a brief discussion of these threeROZ pilot projects.1. Seminole Field, San Andres Unit. Amerada Hess initiated a ROZ pilot in the SanAndres Unit of the Seminole Field (SSAU) in April of 1996, Figure 14, Area of theSSAU ROZ Phase I Pilot. Four injection wells and fourteen producing wells weredeepened to include the ROZ and the MPZ. Estimates of CO 2 injection into the ROZand the MPZ were made by using CO 2 injection profile logs. The high CO 2 -to-oilratio of the pilot (according to the operator) is only partially indicative of the pilot ROZperformance, due to conformance issues with CO 2 injected into the ROZ. However,oil response from CO 2 injection into the ROZ has been clearly established. Oilproduction from the ROZ has increased to 1,400 barrels 9 per day and the watercutfrom the combined MPZ/ROZ CO 2 flood has declined significantly after opening theROZ interval. Figure 15, Composite Production Curve and Watercuts for the SSAUROZ Phase I Project, illustrates the aggregate response for the joint MPZ and ROZpilot.9 “2004 Worldwide EOR Survey,” Oil & Gas Journal, April 12, 2004, pp. 53-65.3-1 February 2006
4321•43054306• •431743184319• • •4301430343044309• • • •431643134315• • •(15)5301550155165603• • • •MPZ/ROZ Producer53095517• •53045302• •MPZ/ROZ Injector(4)52105310• •5306530559025602• • • •53115313••(6)5307550455135901• • • •MPZ-only Injector553155285530• • •6301630464016402• • • •630963126410• • •63056403• •6313•Figure 14. Area of the SSAU ROZ Phase I PilotSSAU ROZPH11,8001.995BOPD1,6001,4001,2001,000800600400200MPZ + ROZWatercut Performance (log %wc)1.9901.9851.9801.9751.9701.9651.9601.9551.950Log (% watercut)0Jan-96 Jan-97 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-021.945Figure 15. Composite Production Curve and Watercuts for theSSAU ROZ Phase I Project3-2 February 2006
Page 1 and 2: ASSESSING TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICREC
Page 3: ASSESSING TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC RE
Page 6 and 7: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYOur first study,
Page 8 and 9: have favorable TZ/ROZ characteristi
Page 10 and 11: 8. The technically recoverable ROZ/
Page 12 and 13: When conducted simultaneously, each
Page 14 and 15: saturation left after waterflooding
Page 16 and 17: 4800Oil Saturation %100 04850490049
Page 18 and 19: WEOil TrapROZROZProducingOWCBase of
Page 20 and 21: WEOil TrapROZROZProducingOWCBase of
Page 22 and 23: 5,400 5,300 5,200 5,100 5,0006,000
Page 24 and 25: 6,000 5,900 5,800 5,700 5,600 5,500
Page 26 and 27: C. Evidence for ROZs in the Permian
Page 30 and 31: Estimates of MPZ and ROZ oil produc
Page 32 and 33: Producing OWCAdapted from Oxy Permi
Page 34 and 35: The initial forecasts of oil respon
Page 36 and 37: B. Sample ROZ Oil Fields. Five majo
Page 38 and 39: Basin Name Permian West Texas 8A15
Page 40 and 41: Seminole San Andres Unit Production
Page 42 and 43: Basin Name Permian West Texas 8A19
Page 44 and 45: Basin Name Permian East New Mexico4
Page 46 and 47: IV. CALIBRATING THE OIL RECOVERY MO
Page 48 and 49: PROPHET input file to account for t
Page 50 and 51: 1,400Reservoir Simulation1,200Proph
Page 52 and 53: Table 3. Technical Oil Recovery Tot
Page 54 and 55: the full TZ in the TZ/ROZ CO 2 -EOR
Page 56 and 57: • Methodology. Reservoir simulati
Page 58 and 59: Development of the reservoir starte
Page 60 and 61: VI. ECONOMICALLY RECOVERABLE OILRES
Page 62 and 63: • Finally, the largest single cos
Page 64 and 65: These 1.4 billion barrels of oil re
Page 66 and 67: APPENDIX AOIL IN-PLACE FOR THE TZ A
Page 68 and 69: Table A-1. Key Inputs for Calculati
Page 70 and 71: ADJUSTING THE ROZ OIL IN-PLACE VALU
Page 72 and 73: APPENDIX CECONOMIC ANALYSES OF FIVE
Page 74 and 75: Field Cashflow Model Pattern FieldS
Page 76 and 77: Field Cashflow ModelStateFieldForma
Page 78 and 79:
BasinFieldFormationTechnology CaseD
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Field Cashflow ModelStateFieldForma
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Field Cashflow Model Pattern FieldS
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Assessing Technical and Economic Recovery of Oil Resources

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