Assessing Technical and Economic Recovery of Oil Resources

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WEOil TrapROZROZProducingOWCBase of OriginalOil SaturationDynamic AquiferSpill PointTYPE 1 ROZFigure 3. Original Oil Accumulation Subject to Regional Tilt, Forming a ROZ2. Breached and Reformed Reservoir Seals. Figure 4, Original Accumulation with aBreached/Repaired Seal, Forming a ROZ, presents a second source of ROZs.Here, the breaching and repair of the original oil trap forms the ROZ. This canoccur, for example, through buildup of fluid pressures during hydrocarbonformation, escape of a portion of the hydrocarbons, subsequent healing of theseal, and re-entrapment of hydrocarbons. The second oil trap now contains athinner main oil column than was originally present and a ROZ. In this secondcase, the base of oil saturation, the TZ/ROZ, and the producing OWC would behorizontal. (Tar mats and other solid hydrocarbons within the oil column mayprovide evidence of breached and reformed reservoir seals.) While breachedseals of original hydrocarbon accumulations are probably quite commonplace inthe subsurface, no examples of this Type 2 ROZ reservoir have been found todate in the literature.2-4 February 2006
ORIGINALPOST BREACHSealOIL TRAPSealOIL TRAPROZROZWater LegWater LegTYPE 2 ROZFigure 4. Original Accumulation with a Breached/Repaired Seal, Forming a ROZ3. Altered Hydrodynamic Flow Fields. Figure 5, Change in Hydrodynamic Conditions,Causing Sweep of the Lower Oil Column and the Oil/Water Contact Tilt, Forminga ROZ, shows the same original trap seen in Figure 2. In this example, achange in the west-to-east hydrodynamic flowfield creates a tilted OWC and theROZ. Here, the OWC tilt is due to the hydrodynamic forces on the oil column.Hubbert 6 provides analytical methods to determine oil-water contact tilts basedupon the potentiometric gradient of the aquifer and the densities of the oil andwater. With information on the current OWC tilt and knowledge of the oil andwater densities, one can calculate the hydrodynamic flow field responsible for theoil-water contact tilt beneath the main oil column using the following formula:6 Hubbert, M.K. (1953), “Entrapment of Petroleum under Hydrodynamic Conditions,” AAPG Bulletin, Vol37, No. 8 (August 1953), pp. 1954-2028.2-5 February 2006
Page 1 and 2: ASSESSING TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICREC
Page 3: ASSESSING TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC RE
Page 6 and 7: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYOur first study,
Page 8 and 9: have favorable TZ/ROZ characteristi
Page 10 and 11: 8. The technically recoverable ROZ/
Page 12 and 13: When conducted simultaneously, each
Page 14 and 15: saturation left after waterflooding
Page 16 and 17: 4800Oil Saturation %100 04850490049
Page 20 and 21: WEOil TrapROZROZProducingOWCBase of
Page 22 and 23: 5,400 5,300 5,200 5,100 5,0006,000
Page 24 and 25: 6,000 5,900 5,800 5,700 5,600 5,500
Page 26 and 27: C. Evidence for ROZs in the Permian
Page 28 and 29: III. EVALUATING OIL RECOVERY FROM R
Page 30 and 31: Estimates of MPZ and ROZ oil produc
Page 32 and 33: Producing OWCAdapted from Oxy Permi
Page 34 and 35: The initial forecasts of oil respon
Page 36 and 37: B. Sample ROZ Oil Fields. Five majo
Page 38 and 39: Basin Name Permian West Texas 8A15
Page 40 and 41: Seminole San Andres Unit Production
Page 42 and 43: Basin Name Permian West Texas 8A19
Page 44 and 45: Basin Name Permian East New Mexico4
Page 46 and 47: IV. CALIBRATING THE OIL RECOVERY MO
Page 48 and 49: PROPHET input file to account for t
Page 50 and 51: 1,400Reservoir Simulation1,200Proph
Page 52 and 53: Table 3. Technical Oil Recovery Tot
Page 54 and 55: the full TZ in the TZ/ROZ CO 2 -EOR
Page 56 and 57: • Methodology. Reservoir simulati
Page 58 and 59: Development of the reservoir starte
Page 60 and 61: VI. ECONOMICALLY RECOVERABLE OILRES
Page 62 and 63: • Finally, the largest single cos
Page 64 and 65: These 1.4 billion barrels of oil re
Page 66 and 67: APPENDIX AOIL IN-PLACE FOR THE TZ A
Page 68 and 69:
Table A-1. Key Inputs for Calculati
Page 70 and 71:
ADJUSTING THE ROZ OIL IN-PLACE VALU
Page 72 and 73:
APPENDIX CECONOMIC ANALYSES OF FIVE
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Field Cashflow Model Pattern FieldS
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Field Cashflow ModelStateFieldForma
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BasinFieldFormationTechnology CaseD
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Assessing Technical and Economic Recovery of Oil Resources

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