Assessing Technical and Economic Recovery of Oil Resources

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C. Evidence for ROZs in the Permian Basin. Figure 12, Oil Fields withTilted Oil-Water Contacts, Northern Shelf and Central Basin Platform, Permian Basin, istaken from Brown (2001) 7 . The author made a thorough study of tilted OWCs in thecarbonate shelf areas of the Permian Basin and concluded that many northern shelfSan Andres fields have OWC tilts of hydrodynamic origin. This work, along with otherinformation 8 , makes a strong case that the Middle Tertiary uplift in central New Mexicoelevated the San Andres outcrops, changing subsurface aquifer hydrodynamics. Theuplift created large hydrodynamic gradients below the oil reservoirs in this portion of thePermian Basin, sweeping substantial oil out through the downdip reservoir spill pointsand creating OWC tilts and ROZs.The contrasting ROZ oil saturation profiles of two Permian Basin fieldsdemonstrate the variability that hydrodynamic forces may have on creating a ROZ.• The residual oil zone (ROZ) profile at the Wasson Denver Unit is oftenreferred to as a transition zone (TZ) because of the relatively uniformgradational nature of the water (and oil) saturation profile, Figure 1.However, the zone is 300 feet thick on the southwest side which clearlyargues for an origin other than normal transition zone capillary forces.• The ROZ profile at the Seminole San Andres Unit is substantially differentfrom the oil saturation profile at Wasson. Here, a thick middle zone ofnearly constant oil and water saturation is present, Figure 13, SeminoleField Water Saturation Profile.• But, both the Wasson and Seminole fields have tilted OWCs, implyingpast or current hydrodynamic forces at work. Horizontal water influx andflushing of oil would explain both the tilt and the thick ROZ profile in thesetwo oil reservoirs.7 Brown, A., (2001), “Effects of Hydrodynamics on Cenozoic Oil Migration, Wasson Field Area, Northwestern Shelf of thePermian Basin,” West Texas Geological Society Fall Symposium, Pub 01-110 (Viveiros, J.J. & Ingram, S.M. eds), Oct 2001, pp133-142.8 Personal Communications (Mobil Oil Company) on the Salt Creek ROZ pilot, Kent County, TX.2-12 February 2006
Adapted from Brown, A., (2001), “Effects ofHydrodynamics on Cenozoic Oil Migration,Wasson Field Area, Northwestern Shelf ofthe Permian Basin,” West Texas GeologicalSociety Fall Symposium, Pub 01-110(Viveiros, J.J. & Ingram, S.M. eds), Oct2001, pp 133-142.Figure 12. Oil Fields with Tilted Oil-Water Contacts:Northern Shelf and Central Basin Platform, Permian BasinProducingO/WContactTransitionZone (TZ)ConventionallyProductive OilZoneResidualOil Zone(ROZ)Average OilSaturationProfileHeightBase ofOilSaturation0 20 40 60 80 100Water Saturation (%)Figure 13. Seminole Field Water Saturation Profile2-13 February 2006
Page 1 and 2: ASSESSING TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICREC
Page 3: ASSESSING TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC RE
Page 6 and 7: EXECUTIVE SUMMARYOur first study,
Page 8 and 9: have favorable TZ/ROZ characteristi
Page 10 and 11: 8. The technically recoverable ROZ/
Page 12 and 13: When conducted simultaneously, each
Page 14 and 15: saturation left after waterflooding
Page 16 and 17: 4800Oil Saturation %100 04850490049
Page 18 and 19: WEOil TrapROZROZProducingOWCBase of
Page 20 and 21: WEOil TrapROZROZProducingOWCBase of
Page 22 and 23: 5,400 5,300 5,200 5,100 5,0006,000
Page 24 and 25: 6,000 5,900 5,800 5,700 5,600 5,500
Page 28 and 29: III. EVALUATING OIL RECOVERY FROM R
Page 30 and 31: Estimates of MPZ and ROZ oil produc
Page 32 and 33: Producing OWCAdapted from Oxy Permi
Page 34 and 35: The initial forecasts of oil respon
Page 36 and 37: B. Sample ROZ Oil Fields. Five majo
Page 38 and 39: Basin Name Permian West Texas 8A15
Page 40 and 41: Seminole San Andres Unit Production
Page 42 and 43: Basin Name Permian West Texas 8A19
Page 44 and 45: Basin Name Permian East New Mexico4
Page 46 and 47: IV. CALIBRATING THE OIL RECOVERY MO
Page 48 and 49: PROPHET input file to account for t
Page 50 and 51: 1,400Reservoir Simulation1,200Proph
Page 52 and 53: Table 3. Technical Oil Recovery Tot
Page 54 and 55: the full TZ in the TZ/ROZ CO 2 -EOR
Page 56 and 57: • Methodology. Reservoir simulati
Page 58 and 59: Development of the reservoir starte
Page 60 and 61: VI. ECONOMICALLY RECOVERABLE OILRES
Page 62 and 63: • Finally, the largest single cos
Page 64 and 65: These 1.4 billion barrels of oil re
Page 66 and 67: APPENDIX AOIL IN-PLACE FOR THE TZ A
Page 68 and 69: Table A-1. Key Inputs for Calculati
Page 70 and 71: ADJUSTING THE ROZ OIL IN-PLACE VALU
Page 72 and 73: APPENDIX CECONOMIC ANALYSES OF FIVE
Page 74 and 75: Field Cashflow Model Pattern FieldS
Page 76 and 77:
Field Cashflow ModelStateFieldForma
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BasinFieldFormationTechnology CaseD
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Field Cashflow Model Pattern FieldS
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