6 N-Acyl ED3A Chelating Surfactants: Properties and Applications in ...

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22 Schmid and Tesmann FIG. 16 Requirements for manual dishwashing detergents. Synergistic performance interactions with anionic surfactants Good foaming behavior Low skin irritation potential Excellent ecological and toxicological properties Completely derived from renewable resources The basic properties of alkyl polyglycosides in combination with other surfactants are discussed and their use in the individual markets of Europe, North and Latin America, and Asia is described in the upcoming sections. 1. Basic Properties of Alkyl Polyglycosides (a) Dishwashing Performance. In conjunction with anionic surfactants, alkyl polyglycosides show significant synergistic effects which can be demonstrated not only by physicochemical methods, but also by methods of greater relevance to the consumer, for example, plate test. Typical soils in the plate test are fats (as sole soil component) and so-called mixed soils (mixtures of fat, starch and protein). C -APG show pronounced synergisms with the three primary surfac- 12/14 tants—linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS), secondary alkane sulfonate (SAS), and fatty-alcohol sulfate (FAS). These synergisms are far more pronounced than those observed with fatty-alcohol ether sulfate (FAES) (Fig. 17). In contrast to alkyl polyglycosides, other nonionic surfactants, such as fatty-alcohol polyethylene glycol ether (FAEO), do not show any synergisms with FAES (Fig. 18). Three primary surfactant systems—LAS, SAS, and FAS—are found worldwide in manual dishwashing detergents, often in combination with FAES. The performance of these primary surfactant systems can be enhanced by so-called cosurfactants, for example, betaines or fatty-acid alkanolamides and, especially, alkyl polyglycosides (Fig. 19) [51]. The dishwashing performance of the FAS/FAES-based surfactant system, which is relatively poor in contrast to the LAS/FAES and SAS/FAES systems, can be significantly increased by replacing small quantities of the primary sur-
FIG. 17 Dishwashing performance of C 12/14 -APG in combination with LAS, SAS, and FAS. Alkyl Polyglycosides 23
Page 2 and 3: ISBN:0-8247-0491-6 This book is pri
Page 4 and 5: iv Preface biodegrade rapidly and h
Page 7 and 8: Contents Preface iii Contributors i
Page 9 and 10: Contributors Shoaib Arif Home Care,
Page 11 and 12: 1 Alkyl Polyglycosides KARL SCHMID
Page 13 and 14: FIG. 2 Summary of methods for the s
Page 15 and 16: Alkyl Polyglycosides 5 kernel oil f
Page 17 and 18: Alkyl Polyglycosides 7 synthesis an
Page 19 and 20: Alkyl Polyglycosides 9 The Fischer
Page 21 and 22: Alkyl Polyglycosides 11 In case of
Page 23 and 24: Alkyl Polyglycosides 13 TABLE 1 Com
Page 25 and 26: Alkyl Polyglycosides 15 dencies, nu
Page 27 and 28: Alkyl Polyglycosides 17 FIG. 13 Pha
Page 29 and 30: Alkyl Polyglycosides 19 is at its l
Page 31: Alkyl Polyglycosides 21 The lamella
Page 35 and 36: FIG. 19 Dishwashing performance of
Page 37 and 38: Alkyl Polyglycosides 27 FIG. 22 Muc
Page 39 and 40: Alkyl Polyglycosides 29 FIG. 23 Dis
Page 41 and 42: Alkyl Polyglycosides 31 polyglycosi
Page 43 and 44: Alkyl Polyglycosides 33 ing deterge
Page 45 and 46: Alkyl Polyglycosides 35 TABLE 6 C 1
Page 47 and 48: Alkyl Polyglycosides 37 FIG. 28 Per
Page 49 and 50: Alkyl Polyglycosides 39 1. All-Purp
Page 51 and 52: Alkyl Polyglycosides 41 FIG. 29 Cle
Page 53 and 54: Alkyl Polyglycosides 43 TABLE 13 Ge
Page 55 and 56: Alkyl Polyglycosides 45 alkyl chain
Page 57 and 58: Alkyl Polyglycosides 47 FIG. 35 Inc
Page 59 and 60: Alkyl Polyglycosides 49 sides in a
Page 61 and 62: Alkyl Polyglycosides 51 alkyl polyg
Page 63 and 64: Alkyl Polyglycosides 53 Of greater
Page 65 and 66: Alkyl Polyglycosides 55 FIG. 43 Inc
Page 67 and 68: Alkyl Polyglycosides 57 parting imp
Page 69 and 70: Alkyl Polyglycosides 59 move scales
Page 71 and 72: Alkyl Polyglycosides 61 the skin is
Page 73 and 74: Alkyl Polyglycosides 63 TABLE 20 Al
Page 75 and 76: Alkyl Polyglycosides 65 FIG. 45 Bio
Page 77 and 78: Alkyl Polyglycosides 67 34. N Busch
Page 79: Alkyl Polyglycosides 69 100. Henkel
Page 82 and 83:
72 Arif and Friedli esters as worka
Page 84 and 85:
74 Arif and Friedli FIG. 3 CMC of C
Page 86 and 87:
76 Arif and Friedli TABLE 1 Deterge
Page 88 and 89:
78 Arif and Friedli TABLE 3 Effect
Page 90 and 91:
80 Arif and Friedli TABLE 6 Correla
Page 92 and 93:
82 Arif and Friedli TABLE 9 Dye Tra
Page 94 and 95:
84 Arif and Friedli TABLE 15 Fine-F
Page 96 and 97:
86 Arif and Friedli The monoethanol
Page 98 and 99:
88 Arif and Friedli TABLE 20 Averag
Page 100 and 101:
90 Arif and Friedli TABLE 26 Heavy-
Page 102 and 103:
92 Arif and Friedli FIG. 8 Synthesi
Page 104 and 105:
94 Arif and Friedli Amphoterics/bet
Page 106 and 107:
96 Arif and Friedli TABLE 32 Laundr
Page 108 and 109:
98 Arif and Friedli TABLE 38 Base B
Page 110 and 111:
100 Arif and Friedli alkaline produ
Page 112 and 113:
102 Arif and Friedli TABLE 50 Tub a
Page 114 and 115:
104 Arif and Friedli TABLE 55 Glass
Page 116 and 117:
106 Arif and Friedli well for thick
Page 118 and 119:
108 Arif and Friedli FIG. 12 Amine
Page 120 and 121:
110 Arif and Friedli TABLE 65 Dye T
Page 122 and 123:
112 Arif and Friedli FIG. 13 Specia
Page 124 and 125:
114 Arif and Friedli complete biode
Page 127 and 128:
3 Sulfonated Methyl Esters TERRI GE
Page 129 and 130:
Sulfonated Methyl Esters 119 SMEs m
Page 131 and 132:
Sulfonated Methyl Esters 121 Kamesh
Page 133 and 134:
Sulfonated Methyl Esters 123 FIG. 5
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Sulfonated Methyl Esters 129 TABLE
Page 141 and 142:
Sulfonated Methyl Esters 131 soft w
Page 143 and 144:
Sulfonated Methyl Esters 133 cotton
Page 145 and 146:
Sulfonated Methyl Esters 135 factan
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Sulfonated Methyl Esters 139 ethoxy
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153:
Sulfonated Methyl Esters 143 35. Pr
Page 156 and 157:
146 Quencer and Loughney Traditiona
Page 158 and 159:
148 Quencer and Loughney FIG. 2 Pro
Page 160 and 161:
150 Quencer and Loughney FIG. 3 Com
Page 162 and 163:
152 Quencer and Loughney A phase in
Page 164 and 165:
154 Quencer and Loughney from hydro
Page 166 and 167:
156 Quencer and Loughney FIG. 8 Mod
Page 168 and 169:
158 Quencer and Loughney Subsequent
Page 170 and 171:
160 Quencer and Loughney IV. ENVIRO
Page 172 and 173:
162 Quencer and Loughney FIG. 12 Pr
Page 174 and 175:
164 Quencer and Loughney ACKNOWLEDG
Page 177 and 178:
5 Methyl Ester Ethoxylates MICHAEL
Page 179 and 180:
Methyl Ester Ethoxylates 169 duces
Page 181 and 182:
Methyl Ester Ethoxylates 171 B C
Page 183 and 184:
Methyl Ester Ethoxylates 173 FIG. 4
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Methyl Ester Ethoxylates 177 cohol
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Methyl Ester Ethoxylates 183 ably d
Page 195 and 196:
Methyl Ester Ethoxylates 185 TABLE
Page 197 and 198:
Methyl Ester Ethoxylates 187 B. C 1
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203:
Methyl Ester Ethoxylates 193 19. Y
Page 206 and 207:
196 Crudden and complexing agent. T
Page 208 and 209:
198 Crudden FIG. 2 Titration of LED
Page 210 and 211:
200 Crudden FIG. 3 Surface tension
Page 212 and 213:
202 Crudden FIG. 5 Lather drainage
Page 214 and 215:
204 Crudden FIG. 7 Calcium chelatio
Page 216 and 217:
206 Crudden FIG. 10 Influence of co
Page 218 and 219:
208 Crudden FIG. 12 Draves Wetting
Page 220 and 221:
210 Crudden Percent Hydrotrope (to
Page 222 and 223:
212 Crudden TABLE 4 Brightness Gain
Page 224 and 225:
214 Crudden weight loss % 90 80 70
Page 226 and 227:
216 Crudden 1. Dermal Irritation Na
Page 228 and 229:
218 Crudden The results indicate th
Page 231 and 232:
7 Surfactants for the Prewash Marke
Page 233 and 234:
Surfactants for the Prewash Market
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
8 Dry Cleaning Surfactants AL DABES
Page 251 and 252:
Dry Cleaning Surfactants 241 blend
Page 253 and 254:
Dry Cleaning Surfactants 243 Progre
Page 255 and 256:
Dry Cleaning Surfactants 245 3. Pet
Page 257 and 258:
Dry Cleaning Surfactants 247 with l
Page 259 and 260:
Dry Cleaning Surfactants 249 Format
Page 261 and 262:
Dry Cleaning Surfactants 251 equili
Page 263 and 264:
Dry Cleaning Surfactants 253 black
Page 265 and 266:
9 Concentrated and Efficient Fabric
Page 267 and 268:
Concentrated and Efficient Fabric S
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
(a) (b) Concentrated and Efficient
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Index Acid cleaners, 104-107, 136 A
Page 293 and 294:
Index 283 Hair conditioner, 255 Har
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