Summaries - Moors for the Future

Moor Memories Oral History ProjectSummary of interview contents1. Roger France – first interview2. Roger France – second interview3. Elizabeth Worsley4. John Eardley and Philip Sharply5. Dereck Nobles6. Clifford Robinson – first interview7. Clifford Robinson – second interview8. Don Johnson9. Ray Platts10. Rangers Group Interview – 111. Bamford Workshop12. Flash School Workshop13. Ron Priestley14. Geoff Kaye15. John Littlewood16. Clarion Ramblers Longshaw Group17. John Bunting18. Mr and Mrs Frodsham and Janet Garlick19. Ian Stuart20. Bill Emmingham21. Holme Village Workshop 122. Rangers Group Interview 223. George Townsend24. Brian Gill25. Hayfield Day Care Group26. Terry Howard27. Margaret Bailey28. Brenda Smith29. Ken Harwood30. Fred Goddard31. Holme Village Workshop 232. Maureen Armes and George Hill33. Frank Harvey34. Arthur Quarmby35. David Wombwell36. Herbert Beardsell37. Ian Davidson38. Gwyn Fields39. Gerald Eastwood40. John Ownsworth41. Nick Smith42. Ian Hurst43. Linda Cawley44. Riona Shergold45. Ken Drabble1

1. Roger France – first interview - GamekeepingBorn in 1949Gamekeeping from 1962 onwardsThe role of the gamekeeperMoorland conservation (e.g. mowing bracken)Grouse shootingWildlife then and nowControl of predatorsHeather burning – why and how it is managedThe effects of wildfiresTasks of the gamekeeper throughout the yearDifference in grouse shooting in the past and the presentDriving and beatingGrouse buttsHabits and habitats of grouseWorking in winterGrouse shooting and sheep grazingGrouse shooting and walkersCommunication with the publicEffects of National Park and CROW ActAll terrain vehicles and mountain bikes2. Roger France – second interview – GamekeepingUsing horses on past grouse shoots (up till 1980s)Bottles getting broken when the horse bolted!How to work safely with horsesBracken mowing with a scytheInvasive nature of brackenSpraying bracken to control itMoorland edges – cornfields (1930s)Snailsdon Moor – ploughing to grow wheat, oats and barley for grouse“White ground” grassy moorland edges, not heather moorsReplanting heather3. Elizabeth WorsleyBorn in 1929Early life in GradbachDomestic lifeA family of ten childrenCollecting the shopping from FlashMacclesfield market on a SaturdayHaymaking with a pony and cartKeeping cows - Jerseys in Gradbach – rich milkElizabeth’s father’s family in Middle HillsFamily in Poynton – taking eggs and butter to GladysTom’s car – having ridesElizabeth’s mother – born in Keswick, lived in Litton2

Married at Tideswell Church, moved to Gratton, then Top Middle EdgeGreen’s Cottage, where Elizabeth was born – no running waterMoved to Gradbach - well by the side of the kitchen never dried upTaking milk in the donkey and cartDonkeys chasing each other with the cart on two wheelsKeeping a pig for meatPeg Inn sold pegs and gave a glass of beer with it to get round licence!Old mines? Water affected by the coal underneathNever enough sugar, especially in the warSchool in Leek between 12 and 14After 14 worked at home on the farmNo fruit off the fruit trees – too cold, no beesTypical mealsMilking at night and cleaningEverything was punctual. Father was very strict. Couldn’t go outGetting marriedRelationships with familyGetting sweets for a penny (got twopence for taking the paper down)People were good to the childrenContinuation of interviewMarried lifeMove back to CloughElizabeth looks after keepers and chauffeurs at Wildboarclough post officeNot enough bathrooms!Opens small shop, trade taken away by supermarketsMove to Bank Top, still look after keepers and chauffeursLeaky roof at Crag Hall CottagesMove to current bungalowWhat were the moors like around Sniddles and the Roaches?Farms had improved the land but too stony and swampy to do any moreUsed for hay, but not very goodMajor Young had Sniddles farm for tax purposesMoors around Bank Top – Derby’s had looked after the estate moreStony but better land, haymeadows around thereBad summers – made silage. Good summers - made haySheep don’t like silage. Will eat haylage (half and half)Weather was often bad in summer4. John Eardley and Philip Sharpley - Farming around Wildboarclough1 of 4Farming in the 1940sGrowing food in the warMilk producing in wartime and after (“milkless days”)New tractor bought in 1937 – the end of using horses – tractor still runningtoday!Use of moorland – grazing sheep, subsidy for cattle grazing in summerCattle graze moorland to make better pasture for sheepSheep farming3

Introduction of motorbikesAttempts to plough the hills – subsidy for adding lime – moorland edgesMade the grass palatable for the sheepMat of dead grass in early 1980s. Killed off old grass and began reseeding.Use sheep to tread the seed inFields now reverting back to what they came fromOvergrazing by sheep if left too long on moors, now there is noticeableheather and other plants including bog asphodels for first timeNeed for monitoring thisGrouse and golden ploversSheep don’t disturb nesting birds2 of 4Improving the landGrouse shootingFarmers beating – interviewee got shot when 14 or 16!Got sandwiches, pop and 16 shillingsPickford Moor was bestBracken was high enough to hide a horse and cartBracken ploughed in but roots remained. Good for growing potatoes onBracken cut for cattle bedding – 1937 up to 40sCutting with scytheNot so much around nowFarmer previous to interviewee did a flit due to not paying rent.1937-38 started ploughing to grow foodEvery field in Wildboarclough has been ploughed3 of 4Effects on grouse of sheep farmingPollutionWartime memories – POWs and bombs3 keepers looked after the areaGood years and bad years with the grouseFox hunting ban – has it had any effect? Not much?How the countryside works - “Can’t have one thing dominating the rest”Farmer has got to be versatileSnow ploughing – cleared the A54 – last time in 1980. Three years laterchopped arm off! Missed footbrake when winching wood with tractor (?)Tractor turned over and rolled on top of him. Stitched back on in hospital!4 of 4Winters and summersOldest building in Wildboarclough – old barn – used to keep cattleMowing with scythes – an acre a dayGrowing cropsHand clipping sheepElectric shearers turned by handA big flock was 40 in the old daysStarted selling milk in 1932 – previous to that made own butterOther local famers/characters4

Spreading muck – by hand and with a muck spreaderWater not fit to drink – and in lead pipesMoorland grips to dry out moors in 1952/53 – 46 miles of them on this estateHad to keep them clearWere ten feet deep at the end – cattle could get stuck in themHas caused drainage and erosion – a new idea at the time and a wrong ideaDid them all over the moors5. Dereck Nobles –Sheep farming around HolmeBorn 19351 of 2Photographer for tractor firmConnected with farming for his whole lifeAlso worked as a test driver for tractor firmStarted in 1959 after the warHolme Village is just in the Peak District and just on the 1000 foot contourSheep farming2 big changes – paving the Pennine Way and controlling grazing by fencingBreeds of sheepLot less sheep on the moors now, giving it a chance to regenerate1947 – “the winter of winters”Shepherds meetings – claiming unmarked lambs1963 – the frost was even keener – minus 23 in the villageHolme Moss transmitter 1981 – overnight heavy snow in April in the middle oflambing – kept on snowing.The keepers manage the moors – shooting syndicates, or by invitationLangsett House – who lives there nowDidn’t used to overstock the moors, so that sheep could move around with theweatherSheep are hefted (born on the hill). Never bought your neighbour’s sheep,because they would go back.Old shepherd’s cabins on the moors, roofless now, stone built with a greyslate roof.Loaders and beaters on shootsRain gauges – up until the 60s – visited once a month by water board workersBurning heather – to get varying stages of growthIn a good summer grouse can have two broodsWorm can wipe out grouseKeepers worried about open access, but people generally follow paths2 of 2Army camp in the warPlane crashes on the moorsLife in the RAF – during National ServiceCauses of wildfires on the moorsRamblers and gamekeepers in 1950sPart time Ranger work at Dovestones (“Outer Mongolia”)Early 60s onwards – working as a rangerWorking with rescue team in the early days5

Climbing memoriesAvalanche at Dovestones in 1963 – Chew ValleyClimbing on the Edges in the Peak District – no fancy kit in early days!Getting lost on the moors - Follow a stream!Moors are busier nowPollutionFoot and Mouth in 19636. Clifford Robinson – Holmfirth – first interview – Gordon Danks alsopresent - GamekeepingBorn in 1929, CarlicotesWalked everywhere. Father was part time keeperKept hens and pig, grew vegetablesWorked as keeper himself after father’s deathSheep went anywhere – too many sheep, caused over grazing – during thewarFenced after this and heather has grown back – big issueWent to LadycrossPeat cuttingWhat a gamekeeper doesMoors are better kept nowDisease affected grouse – then put medicated grit outIn the war farmers grew corn and grouse ate corn on edges of moorsHeather burning – burning strips. Knew when to burn – damp but not toodamp!Wild firesShoots – syndicate (half a gun – could shoot for half a day) paid per yearNever know how many grouse you have on the moor – don’t shoot at all ifthere aren’t enough grouseGrouse follow the contours and windBuilding butts – from stone so sheep wouldn’t destroy themCabins for shooting parties – mostly wood – had to maintain themWere left open for walkersOpponents of blood sports pulled butts and cabins down at one pointPolice called on some occasionsWalkers mostly no problem – dogs could cause problem or leaving a gateopen on odd occasionSchools were the biggest culpritsOpen access – dropping matches could cause fire. If they were responsiblethere was no problem.Genuine hikers were fineNever know which person is going to cause a problemEgg stealing could be a problem tooWinters – once snowed in for 7 weeks, but had everything in and could liveout of the freezer – in 1970s. Swindon Lodge.1985 ground frozeGrouse will follow the sheep to find the heatherCutting bracken with a scytheForestry planting at Langsett – 19736

Magnum – houses all condemned and pulled down in 1950s. Village nowgoneLots of farms closed down because of pollution into reservoirCorner shops now closed down in villagesEffect of the warChanges to the moors – heather in the old days, sheep overgrazed this. Nowback again.Pollution – industry from Manchester said to turn the sheep blackHolme TV mast said to be coated with Buxton lime from limestone quarriesMast got iced up, 1958 ice brought Emley Moor transmitter downKeepers were born to the moors – passed from father to son, brought up withitInvited to shepherds meetingsClose relationships with farmers as a keeper7. Clifford Robinson - 2 nd interview - GamekeepingEarly days. Always interested in the moorsWinter of 47 - Sheep huddled under the walls and got buried by snow drifts,had to be dug outWanted to be a joiner but couldn’t get wood into the country because of thewar, became a plumber insteadWent to Ladycross as part time keeper in 1972Landrovers replaced horses on shootsMoved to Holme in 1954 or 55Was a very friendly village. Mostly sheep farmersFarms shut down around reservoirs. Remember Dunford reservoir beingbuilt.Woodhead tunnelMagnum Harvest Festival at Church – whole hamlet not there any more – hada small sweet shop, church and pubFarming experiencesSmall farms, 50 acres maximum, 10 acres of cornWorking with horsesMade hay not silage until the war. People said it would turn inside of a cowrotten.8. Don Johnson – Baslow - RamblingBorn 1927Walking on moors in 1940s with Clarion RamblersTrespassing and gamekeepersGHB Ward – life and walking activitiesWhat we used to wearBrewing upCafes for afternoon teaLack of modern clothingBeing chased off the moors by gamekeepersWalking boots7

Harry Baxby – President of Clarion Ramblers – plaque on Back TorTaking shelter in shepherd’s huts and shooting cabinsWore cycling capes against the rain and sou’westersWent every Sunday – only had Sundays off work from steelworks etcCafes attached to farms – Alport Castles for instanceReading a map and compassWalk leadersGetting lost – Bleaklow for instance, main problem was mistWalking became easier with founding of Peak ParkNot free access until 2000Main challenge was walking on Kinder, but walking on Bleaklow is harderCan be dangerous placesNo rescue service in old daysWhat to do if challenged for trespassingWorking as a Ranger – how to deal with people, especially with dogsRamblers’ attitude to dogs on walksChanges on the moorsMoorland degradation and regenerationHow to balance leisure and regenerationFell runningFavourite placesMoors – very quietForestry – cutting down trees proposed at AlportMore and more erosion of moorsIntroduction of Ranger Service has made changes – contributed tounderstanding and education of peopleOff-roading has been the worst thingMountain biking is a new thing – quite encouraged by Peak ParkCan be a problem on footpaths – sometimes can’t be heardCars have made the countryside more accessible to volumes of peopleClarion was the forerunner of the Ramblers – 1900sRamblers from Manchester tooWell known shops for hikers – not the variety available todayCamping in the old days was popularSeasonal changes – 1947 was the worst winter – had to dig out the sheep1963 bad but not as badStill went walking in the snow, took walking sticksWalking equipmentGHB Ward –Clarion handbooksHistory of violence and persecution – dedication of the people involvedKnown as hikers not ramblers.Resistance of the landowners to accessAccess but still private ownership9. Ray Platts – Bamford – Cattle farming near BamfordBorn in 1922 – frightened about economic collapse at that time!8

Born at farm at Hathersage owned by Colonel ShuttleworthSome land bought by public subscription in 1935 for bowling green and parkSchool in HathersageFamily’s farms – very supporting.Had a lot of horses and foals – father told tales about breaking in horsesShort horn cattle – delivered milk to village twice a day – people couldn’talways payRent was 7/6 an acre. Inflation and then slump after the 1 st world warFather would walk cows to Bakewell marketFather gave milk to a newly married couple with a baby who had no moneyOften only had bread and jam to eatDomestic life - washed in cold waterHad a few sheep and shared a ram with a neighbourBack breaking jobs – clipping sheep and hoeing turnipsHad pneumonia at 15 – grew tall at that time!Moved to Bamford in 1943Farmer there had workers who were being called up, so family moved thereBrother was in Air Force saw how good their Ayrshire cows were when inScotlandHas been a long process building a herdHad a milk round in village and put on wagon to SheffieldFather said train made the biggest difference to the valley – couldn’t cross thevalley as easily and made people live by the clockMeeting wife during wartimeWar took the best years out of life, and brother and lots of friends killedPlane crashes onLiked weathered (brown) bracken for calves and horses beddingGot permission from gamekeepers to collect bracken on Stanage – differentplace each yearSteam engines on the road Road block on the road during war timeWas in the home guard in HathersageGot invitation to opening of Ladybower just before wedding.Remember spire sticking out of the water when reservoir first madeMore domestic memories – food and celebrations10. Rangers group interview 1 – Edale – How they started and what aranger does(Discuss Coronation Street filming)Interviewees:Ian Hurst – Peak Warden’s Association in early 60s; volunteer warden afterthat; patrol ranger at 21; assistant warden at Crowden in mid 60s; full time in1970s; district ranger at Buxton after that. 1986 Northern District, advisor forCountryside Commission in 1990s. Returned to National Park in 1995 – arearanger in Hayfield. Retired in 2007.Cliff Laycock – became warden in mid 60s, Eastern edges of moors aroundLangsett and other areas. Moved to Skye, also involved in Edale MountainRescue team9

Jack Ellmore – involved for 40 years, Edale and Eastern edges; moved toWhite Peak area. Now at LangsettDavid Millner – took Wardens’ training course (as did others). Ollerbrook.Went to Stanage (still voluntary), then Langsett, Tissington trailBill Darley – Had cottage at Upper Booth – appointed as assistant wardenwhen Tom Tomlinson was full time warden. Moved to Hayfield and hascovered lots of areaGordon Miller – camped at Edale as schoolboy, taken up on Kinder by FredHeardman. Started when very young as a volunteer, took training course atEdale. Worked at Eastern Edges - Stanage, learnt about farming at NorthLees Hall. Became full time “floating” warden then Kinder, Hayfield,Castleford for 30 years. Now volunteer againWhat does ranger do? Everything!National Parks Act included access land so wardens’ role written into thelegislation. Tom Tomlinson was first one. Enforcement role in early days.More involving and educating people now, as well as maintaining thelandscape.Lots of vandalism in the early days (of cabins) – wardens got involved ratherthan the policeUniform introduced in 1974. Used to buy ex army gear before thatHad to enforce the bye laws over issues like camping, fires, dogs, poachingetc. Changed since introduction of CROW actPoachers could be dangerousEgg stealing in the pastKeeping people off the moors during grouse shootsHunt saboteurs involved. Lots of negotiation involvedChristmas tree patrol on LangsettMonitoring usage of moors prior to access agreementsFoot and mouth inMade an igloo at Fairholmes were so bored!Redmires farmer would bring flasks of coffee laced with brandyEdale valley cut off due to Foot and MouthAlso involved in Mountain Rescue in the pastFour Inns in 1964 is the memorable onePrior to that farmers would lead rescues. After that need for more coordinatedsystem became clear(Shows photos of Four Inns rescue)Took longer to attend incidents in the past. People were worse equipped onthe moors in the past as well.Dogs were an issue too – sensitive to criticise people’s dogs!Farmers used to (and still do) shoot dogs for worrying sheepDogs abandoned on moors as wellAnother major concern was fires – 1976 was bad year – over 80 that summerDanger of ammunition exploding during firesMoors used for training during the war – Langsett – shells buried in the peatcome back to the surface – some live and had to get bomb disposal out toexplode themNo guidance for these issues, organisation and equipment was very basic10

Management now better organised, have learnt from past mistakes and luckyescapes – always moving forwardWardens used to run a ski run in EdaleA good example of the range of things rangers have doneBuilt own searchlight, powered by a gas bottle – almost too big to carryOne search between Edale and Crowden on Pennine Way – had flares whichset fire to the moorland alongside the Pennine WayFall from Stanage – same thing happened there and elsewhereBriefing centres – basic conditions.1960 – Park bought Fieldhead, used a shed attached to thatThen moved into building when Visitors Centre opened – had a big pot-belliedstove which warmed everyone up as they came off the hillAlso used bungalow from when railway was built in 1894Other buildings used as briefing centresNorth Lees Hall was derelict at the time – restored the hall at that time(featured in Jane Eyre)Had to use spring to get waterNo rules or legislation in old days. Service was very diverse and had to do allits own maintenanceNow, may suffer through cuts, but visitors would have a poorer experience if itdisappeared tomorrow.Rangers interview 1 - continuationStarted with volunteers from rambling and climbing clubs – up to 1960.Then started appointing part time paid wardens. Volunteers still came out asa group sometimesMailed individual briefing every week from Tom TomlinsonBecame better organised and trained, standards were raised, in 60sMore change in 1970s as wellDid night navigation and bivvied out on KinderChanges in wildlife – has changed for the better – more raptorsNew phase now – rangers used for observation and monitoring vegetationGamekeepers’ attitudes have changed tooEducation now – is it right that people should be educated to degree level? Isexperience more importantEducation is increasingly important (schools, health walks etc)You marry the job – huge commitment – lots of relationship breakdownsamongst full time staffEssence to being a ranger is having lots of strings to your bow – danger ofconcentrating on one aspect onlyVoluntary training in Peak District National Park is uniqueWhy have a national park here?Role of the trespass movement in promoting care of the Peak DistrictGHB Ward and socialist movement – escape from the smoggy cityEven sheep are whiter now – take it for granted nowReturn of vegetation – regeneration not a new idea – has been tried in thepast too11

Issue of paving Carbon storage – a new concern. But always worried aboutpeat disappearingSphagnum – theft of sphagnum as well in the pastLitter and camping is a problem now11. Bamford Workshop – Bamford – Living near the moorsGeneral discussion with 5 interviewees, not named on recording.The filling of Ladybower reservoirWalking on the moors with the scoutsFarms taken over for reservoir building – no compensation – 1936Bilberry and mushroom pickingRabbits and rosehips during the warUsing bracken for animal beddingTerrible fogs in ManchesterRocks that the climbers used would be sooty from pollutionBiggest change to the moors is the increase in people; and regulationCouldn’t get fuel delivered during the bad wintersFarmers helped to clear the snow awayLong hot summers in 1950s and 1976 – led to firesFilling the car with blankets and tea to travel over the moors in cold weatherUnofficial mountain rescue – being called out to helpMedical kits and stretchers kept on the moors (Stanage)Big searches for people missing on the moorsChanges in wildlife – used to be red squirrels12. Flash School Workshop – Flash – farming lifeInterview between pupils and Janet Garlick (nee Frodsham)Born in 1960 in Leek but lived at Goldsitch Moss (?) for 29 years [nb: justsouth of Flash]Can trace back 6 generations of Frodshams from the areaMother was a housewife; father a haulage contractorTwo sisters and 1 brother (her father had 17 siblings!)House built in 1716 – lived there from 2 months old with her parentsDidn’t own the farm animals, but did help outShe was 6 when first got electricity – used Tilley lamps, candles and paraffinlampsCooked food on old fashioned range – this provided all the heat for the housetoo (no central heating)Played in the fields and on rocks (Ramshaw Rocks). Roamed the countrysideWent to Leek for shopping on bus (on Wednesdays)First time went on holiday was when she was 11 or 12yrs old to hergranddad’sWent to Flash School (52 children at the time)Left Primary School at 12; went to Warslow Secondary till 17Had sheep, horses, hens, ducks, geese, pigs on the farm – helped herd thesheep when they were lambing – hard workHad a pet catAlways seemed warmer (but colder winters than today)12

Used to collect frog spawn from the pond; river between their farm andneighbouring one – tried ‘tickling’ troutLots of hay meadowsA lot of the land is no longer farmedExplains a little how the land has changed after it was sold by the Crewe andHarpur estateLand around where she grew up has changed – no longer farmed and hasgone back to bog and moorLack of management of heather moors these days (past 20yrs)Used to be plenty of wildlife on the moorsFirst job was at Hintons Motor Factors – had to be there at 7am and walkedthere13. Ron Priestley – Hope – Sheep farming in the Hope ValleyBorn in Sheffield 1927Lived on hill farms in Hathersage and then HopeHad sheep and later small dairy herd with milk roundMoved in 1946 to HopeShepherding in snow in 1947 winterDogs would smell out sheep and find air pipeWould then dig them outMainly in big hollow by Moscar and StrinesHard work - Used to go to a lot of dances as well, in BuxtonBig dance hall in Castleton, would arrange dances thereBurnt down in 1950Fires on the Eastern moors – 1938 – burnt from end to endDon’t need fire brigade thoughHeather needs frost to growMore heather now than ever – but harder on some places than othersNew heather on Moscar (by gamekeeper’s bungalow)Fewer walkers 30 years agoFoot and mouth and threat of wildfire closed the moors and this kept themundisturbedBracken clearance – during and at end of war. With a roller pulled by atractor. Would take several yearsNot a lot done now and this is a threat to the moorsUsed for bedding when mowed. Hard work to mow with a scythePoisonous if there is still some growth in it – will kill cattle but not sheepMoors are different nowSurprise View – used to be quarry – now covered with silver birchStone taken from there to build Derwent DamsTop dams started in 1901 to 1915. Ladybower started in 1934.Ashopton and Derwent Village closed (shows pictures)Hand sheering sheep – techniques (shows pictures)Would take 3 minutes to sheer by hand, then dipWool was packed and sent to Bradford – all marketed through Bradford(Shows photos from book)13

Forestry around the dams – built after thatBreweries in SheffieldPlanted heather around the trees. Now just trees. Used to be fenced offMoors were open – sheep were hefted (could roam free). Sold mutton notlamb. Tasted like venison – heather gave the meat a flavour.Farmers had their own mark to identify their sheep – still use the same marktodaySome brought off to lamb, but were better off on moors than eating richergrassShepherds meetUsed to wash sheep before they were sheared - wool used to be full of soot“Long Arthur” and other quarrymen – from photographsPaper Mill near North LeesButchers shop in HathersagePollution – must have affected the moors tooGranddad had milk round at turn of the century until 1940s. Seven differentmilkmen in Hathersage at the time, now only one.Bad winters – 1941, 1947 was worstShop was completely different – everything on displayMutton – comes from castrated male sheep. Too old and they would gettoughNo one sold lamb as lambEffect of war – too many sheep on moors? Walked sheep to Bakewell on aSundayGranddad was a shepherd for Duke of Rutland on LongshawOllerenshaw’s at North Lees – went with horse and cart to sell produce inSheffield14. Geoff Kaye – Upper Midhope – Forestry, military use of moors andthe coming of the reservoirsBorn 1954 in Upper MidhopeMother from village; worked in shop at Langsett, then ThurlstoneFather originally farmer then after war worked at waterworksWas only child in village for many yearsAs a youngster spent lot of time at one of local farms (John Walkers) helpingout with tasks – mostly done by hand in those daysWent shooting (+ poaching a little!), mole trapping, rabbits, ducks ondam…frowned upon by local gamekeeperShooting for food…more pheasants around since John left village!In winter pheasants come to house looking for foodCaught/shot foxes (predator control) – competition between farmers andgamekeepersTradition now gone due to changes in gun laws, loss of working farms (noneleft in village).Farms replaced with houses – most land around reservoirs owned bywaterworks. Didn’t want nitrates, fertilisers, manures washing into waterwaysso farms sold14

Some land taken by other farmers but restrictions on how they can use itLand gradually returning to moorland / rough grass – some fields aroundvillage now in this stateSupposed to be better for birds / wildlife, but birds came beforeSome hawk species have returnedMore birdwatchers nowDuring war most of moorland was used by armyAfter war buildings occupied by people, families from all overSome local people born thereProbably people from the cities who were bombed out / evacueesSome families returned after war for holidaysBuildings demolished sometime in 1950sAnother temporary village existed for dam workers at Langsett when damsbuilt - ’tin town’ Still being used by 2 families in early 1960sHad its own hospital (on lawn of pub)All removed by time new Langsett waterworks built (1985)Changes in attitude by water company about land use and access – no longeras concerned about contamination because of treatment worksThere used to be a reservoir keeper for each site; controlled access etcNow fewer keepers and less concerned about controlling access (footpathscreated around reservoirs; concessionary right to roam exists)Downside is people leave litter / rubbishLittle pollution from industry – most pollution (from Sheffield) went down thevalley rather than up onto moorsDamage caused by armyAircraft wrecks: story of light aircraft landing in fieldGlider crash landed in garden – pilot killed (mid 1960s)Father worked at waterworks (Barnsley Corporation) – lived in waterworkshouse until 1970 then moved back to family home / farmMost people moved on when asked to but some gave verbal abuse –technically trespassingLots more walkers theseForestry - uncles were involved in tree planting; father planted aroundMidhope DamTrees planted to cleanse water running off moors into reservoirs; alsocommercial timber use. Trees need to be managed (a lot weren’t).Management has improved but too late in some areasA managed forest allows grass / shrubs to grow beneath canopy; many ofthose around reservoirs not managed properly so timber of low commercialvalue / poor qualityLeft school became apprentice engineer at Hepworths, then C&G MechEngineering at Barnsley College.Then worked at steelworks (Stocksbridge) – wanted to work outside.Followed by range of outdoor jobs15

Involved in digging ‘grips’ on moors, mainly clearing out / improving to allowaccess for forestry operationsAs young lad used to go grouse beating with school friends. Stopped whenstarted work.Farming stopped when it was grouse shooting season – farmers would workon moors. Community event; less so nowSolitude on moors – Pike Low highest point in areaBracken mowing (by hand – scythe) for animal bedding.Gamekeepers job now more difficult because of extra rules/regulationsFarmers have important role in countryside management15. John Littlewood– Penistone – Farming near PenistoneBorn in 1948Attended Bradfield SchoolGrowing up in LoadbrookWorking for Earl Fitzwilliam’s after leaving schoolWorking at clay minesThen, guarding, forestry and vermin controlMoved to DerbyKeeping and forestry work for Fitzwilliam Estates againShooting and moorland vermin controlLooked after sheep and farmland as well1980s went to Midhope as keeper and sheep farmerSheep farming calendarIn-bye land – rough grazing ground between farmland and moorlandSnowy winters – gave hay and mineral blocks to sheepQuotas for keeping sheep off the moorsChanges in the work – shooting more relaxed and social, now big businessBurning heatherControlling brackenExperimented with heather seedFeeding the grouse in bad wintersTeam of people for heather burning – had to carry everything by foot in thebeginningMidhope - bad moor to burn because of past fires during military trainingTechnicalities of heather burningFires out of control – fires in peat holes at Midhope – 1982 (?)Dukes Road fire – set off WW2 bombsBattery house to light decoy lights in WW2 – on Strines MoorMowing bracken with a “swipe” on Fitzwilliam EstateIn younger days used bracken for cattle beddingDraining of moors in old daysBilberry pickingCommercial forestry on Fitzwilliam Estate and at BradfieldNo health and safety precautions then – one day’s training for explosives inmines! Same with farmingChanges in the moors – involvement of villagers in shooting in old daysA lot quieter in the past – only the odd hiker16

Wildlife – reintroduction of goshawks in 1955Hard for keepers when they take grouseKeepers’ management of moors help wildlife like songbirds tooThere should be more understanding of what keepers and farmers do16. Clarion Ramblers Longshaw Working Party – Volunteering atLongshawDiscussion with several interviewees – Mr Allan, Colin Todd, George Thomas,Bob Priestley and othersTrack 1Volunteering, wardening and working at Longshaw since 1940s and 50sAnnual Clarion bonfires at LongshawChildren used to helpDonations and loans to buy the estateThe kind of work carried on now – outdoor activitiesEarly working parties (1950s and 60s) – once a monthMostly from SheffieldDid a walk once a weekClarion Rambler handbooksCafé closed from 12 till 1Holiday FellowshipTeas at Greenwood FarmCleaning the lake – used for swimming and skating on occasion in the pastBus travelWhat wardens used to do – Wardens’ bookletTrack 2Plaque to Harry Cook“Harry’s bridge”The ice house(Discussion of photographs)The roundel in the meadowKeepers lodges – now derelict – one had a piano in it – discussion of locationof old lodgesFormation of Clarion movementSongs and stories – Clarion song bookSinging on ramblesSheffield Rambling ClubNames of old Clarion membersGHB WardCampaigning for access to the moors after the second world warTrespassing on the moorsKeepers on the moorsHelping with moorland rescues17. John Bunting – Sheffield – Campaigning for access to the moorsBorn in Sheffield 1918 (Pitsmoor)Father worked on railways (plate layer) but in 1920s recession wasunemployed for 4yrs. Hard times – mother took washing in17

Saturday trips as children to places like Fox House and RivelinJoined YHA when 16yrs old – started walking and campaigningGot involved in his first campaign in 1934 (calling for National Parks) – went toWinnats PassUsed to cycle outEarly groups mainly professional people; few working class folk – he was oneof firstHe unveiled a plague in Winnats celebrating early campaignsLarge numbers attended the early campaigns. Police presence but no troubleSpeeches about right to access land etc…you couldn’t walk on openmoorland without trespassing.Pressure for access increased after warLarge concentration of working class population surrounding peak areaKnew Benny Rothman and served on early committees with him in 1930sAnecdote about early days of Youth HostellingFirst holiday with friends – rode bikes to Lake District! Has returned nearlyevery year sinceCycled to Glasgow in same year to see Empire GamesEarly walks mainly on routes like pack horse routes across moors – onceknown as ‘salt routes’. Took steel / iron implements from Sheffield toManchester; brought salt and silks backHad to keep to routes as other land privately owned; gamekeepers patrolledwith big sticks. Trespassed but could run faster!Walked on Sundays (Saturdays part of working week)Involved in Advisory Committee for setting up Peak Park – hoped to obtainfreedom to walkFought for freedom in war, but nothing had changed after warTrained as anti-tank gunner at Langsett MoorJoined Home Guard and patrolled moors at nightHad to light fires on Totley Moor – can still see holes filled with water.Used as decoys against German bombersDoesn’t think moors have changed significantly, but lots more footpatherosion.Even in early days (1940s) certain places (e.g. Black Hill) suffered fromerosionAttended regular rallies (1934 – 39) in Winnats. Held every year (names someof those who gave speeches)In 1945 rallies moved to Cave Dale as during war road put through Winnats1949 - National Park Act. Delighted till read small print – most of access landhad been left offAfter war things quietened down a bit / moved slowly.Formed SCAM (Sheffield Campaign to Access Mountains and Moorland) andwas first SecretaryStarted organised trespassesSome people were satisfied National Park was founded but others weren’tbecause of the access issue so continued campaigningIn 1940s – 50s feels more children / families were involved in walking18

Clothing worn very differentTalks about walks done and being a volunteer warden (preceded MountainRescue). Patrolled Kinder / BleaklowTalks about how Ramblers Association was organised and links withManchesterBiggest change in his lifetime has been ability for all to access the moors18. Mr & Mrs Frodsham and Janet Garlick (daughter) – Farming in theStaffordshire moorlandsBorn 1932 and 1940 respectively; married 50yrsMrs F from Leek; Mr F lived at Winking Man pub then known as the MoorlandClubMoved to current house in 1960Talk about landownership changes in Roaches area – private land used forgrouse – Mr F used to go beating (paid 10 bob a day)Much less grouse around these daysMrs Smith (Shaw House) used to have grouse parties for those shooting (butnot the beaters). Beaters went to Royal Cottage…he was allowed a pint withhis dinner (but underage)Long days / hard work.Explains where they went and anecdote about shooters shooting across road– law now changedMr F explains where he went to school – started at 5 till 14; stories aboutschool daysHorses used by most people on farms – no tractors till after warNo water or electricity when young – got water from trough.Water collected in barrels from guttersNow rely on spring but this dries up sometimes. Explain about using differentsprings in areaNo electricity till 1964During war had to plough up some land (meadow) for growing food. After warMinistry of Ag had scheme to revert land back – at no cost to farmers.Talks about using lime on land and how it changed the vegetationMoorland not used for crop growingUsed to have more hay meadowsThinks there are less birds now (lapwings and curlews)Too many badgers / foxes / magpies; less vermin control practicedLess hares too – many killed off by bad winter (1947)Winters were a lot worse then (every winter bad)People used to grow more of their ownShopping in Buxton on Saturday morningsAnecdotes about several local peopleTalks about farm work and how hard it was19. Ian Stuart – Bakewell – Walking on the moorsBorn 1931, ManchesterVisited moors as a child once old enough to travel on buses (with friends)19

First visit to Kinder Scout with his mother (age 9). Father in RAF (wartime)but encouraged them to visitExplains how they travelled to moors by bus / train and walks they didOnce old enough made regular use of Youth HostelsWore shorts in all weathers; tried a variety of waterproofs – tells of using armygas capesEarly rucksacks terrible to wear and inefficient (but cheap!)During wartime moors were empty with little erosionOriginal line of Pennine Way badly drawn as goes straight across boggyareasTalks of ‘outwitting’ a gamekeeper on Bleaklow / KinderFinding aircraft wreck (Flying Fortress?) in late 1940sWinter 1947 – very bad conditions. Food drops at Edale. Went walking, gotbus to Hayfield, saw man on skis (first time ever)Explains about early RAF Mountain Rescue based at Harpur Hill – set up torescue aircrewAfter the war walking/climbing clubs and outdoor groups proliferated – peoplehad more leisure time. Started climbing in 1952 after being in ArmyCan remember Black Hill and other places before they were badly erodedTalks about difference following Clean Air ActsMoors now much busier – misses the absence of people.Often saw white hares (north side Kinder). Probably fewer nowBetter access after war lead to some areas being vandalisedRoaches popular – saw wallabies and llamas. Released from private zooduring warLess skylarks nowSupported start of National Park – desirable idea. However, disappointed bybuilding of Hope Cement Works just prior to this. Can be seen from manyareas20. Bill Emmingham – Moorland Centre, Edale – Rambling, WoodcraftFolk and access to the moorsBorn and brought up in SheffieldJoined Woodcraft Folk (1942) – Sundays camping in summer, walking inwinter.Woodcraft Folk aim - get children out of city / smoke; in Sheffield formed bymembers of Independent Labour Party (March 1929) –how it was formed /organised (political background)Met regularly, formed strong bondsEarly camping on outskirts of SheffieldFirst summer camp at Youlgreave (1943), then Edale (1944)At Youlgreave during VJ celebrationsEvery member had a woodland name - his was ‘Brown‘Barning’ – staying in barns overnightJoined ‘Clarion’ -1947. Knew some of those involved in open accesscampaigns.Early traditions and walking…Clarion routes20

Rejoined Woodcraft Folk (1962) – movement has changedSetting up Lockerbrook activities centre with Terry HowardWalking at Win Hill and building of damComing across 4x4s on Houndkirk MoorChanges e.g. clothing.More people using the areas and more publicity about using itTaking own sandwiches to cafes and buy a pot of teaYouth Hostelling in Peak District1947 – getting stranded on after walking to Stanage.Training exercises - early mountain rescue through Clarion groupMountain Rescue now more professionalMoorland fires more prevalent nowWalking Black Hill with group of ladsWards Piece – disc paid for by man from South AfricaUsed to see white hares frequently in winter – not nowLess curlews – used to hear regularly in 1940s – 50sHang gliders / aircraft and more people spoiling the tranquillityMr Emmingham – photograph memories: took New Years Day 1981 – snow,icy, gale. Looking across Kinder.Visiting Kinder on New Years DayCamped once at Kinder DownfallAlways a challenge walking on Kinder21. Holme Village Workshop 1 – Holme village - Peat cutting on HolmeMoss(Various contributors, including interviews with Carlton Mellor and DerekBailey)Barrage balloons and searchlightsPeat blowing off the moorsCycling up Holme MossRed Cabin – shooting cabinPackhorse routeWeather at HolmeCommercial peat cutting in 1947Peat cutting rights & techniquesPlane crashes on the moorsFirst sight of a helicopterPlaying in streams – sulphur waterSponsored walk on Black Hill in 80s – black, muddy morass – now greenInterview with Carlton MellorEarly lifeMemories of the building of Holme Moss transmitter, where parents workedMother taken to the top of a mast in a bucket!Watching a rugby match at the transmitter (1953)Getting snowed inIce on Emley Moor transmitter21

Memories of Black HillAeroplane crashesInterview with Derek BaileySalvaging material from plane wrecksFirst experience of plastic came from this22. Former Rangers group interview 2 – Moorland Centre, Edale – Therole of the warden/rangerPeople present:David Milner, Ian Hurst, Bill Darley, Gordon Miller, Cliff LaycockTrack 1Discussion over photographs that the group had brought inHow the rangers became involved in fence and stile repair/building and otherground-worksOriginally mostly a patrolling role and liaising with landowners / gamekeepersTrying to stop trial bikes on StanageBye-laws and bye-law enforcement – main role in early daysStopping someone with a shotgun - having to go to courtKeeping records of incidentsFarmers expected prosecutions!Serious incidents dealt with by the Police (e.g. poaching)Track 2No uniform – wore what was appropriateDevelopment of warden/rangers uniform – armbands to badgesOrigins of the term Ranger - keeping order.Full-time staff had vehiclesOriginal Fieldhead building (Moorland Centre)First centre for Ranger Service - Edale.Spread of the service over the National Park - access agreements spreadfurther afieldFootpath work / responsibilities evolved – taken on role from DCC.Signing and waymarkingTrack 3Opening of Tissington TrailLegal responsibility for Pennine Way - experimenting with different pathbuildingmaterialsDevelopment of footpath management - work with the National Trust and thePennine Waystone flagsBlack Hill fire beacon (1970s – Silver Jubilee?)Black Hill quagmire, loss of peat and restorationLoss of peat on Mam TorErosion exposing new levels of archaeologyTrack 422

Ranger vehiclesMuttley the Ranger Service horse,Bagpipes played in the National Park!Track 5Dogs and dog walkersAn incident with stock lead to them not being able to take dogs outProblem dogsFilming with John Noakes when Shep went missingWarden training course (Dove Dale)Track 6Walking home as a child through the Chinley Tunnel!Warden’s Land RoversLand Rover training courses (at Solihull)Edale StationVolunteer rangers got the train to workNoise of hobnail boots from walkers at SheffieldPeak Warden AssociationTrack 7Stayed at OllerbrookComradeship in the ranger serviceWorking with the local farming communityPeak Warden AssociationSad that PWA doesn’t exist nowRegular social eventsSocial aspect continued by Edale Mountain RescueLocal people invited – breaking down barriersTrack 8Beginning of Mountain Rescue, the development of mountain rescue groups(including Edale Mountain Rescue)Glossop - first group (1959)Had to be a Ranger to join Edale team (no longer applies)Initially run by National Park - roles separated in 1980sEdale MR based at Hope nowHenry the dog (Henry) stretchered down from Kinder after a heart attackPeople missing on the Pennine WayThe Four Inns incidentMissing Scout group at CrowdenHelicopters (rescue and training) – early 1960sTrack 9Fire fighting –Arga Cats.Could get stuck in groughsCentaur - bigger and more powerful than Arga CatHelicopters used for carrying stoneLosing Arga Cat on a steep slopeEarly fire-fighting very basic and learnt on job …Became more professional - portable reservoirs and helicopters.23

Increased liaison with emergency services23. George Townsend – Life in drowned villages before the reservoirscameBorn in 1929Early life in AshoptonWhat the village was likeMoved to Thornhill in 1939Went to Bamford SchoolWorked at Aston Hall – four generations of family had done soMarried and lived at Edale when children were youngLater life in Hope Valley, sheep farmingChanges in farming practices24. Brian Gill – Hope – Walking in the snowBorn in Sheffield in 1928 (Nether Edge)Listening to early Radio Sheffield broadcastsMoved to Norton LeesSheffield BlitzRambling with his older brotherWalked over Totley Moor, past firing range to LongshawCold winters during war – ice skating in Graves ParkWinter 1947 heavy snows – started snowing end of JanuaryWeather patternsCaused chaos – most of bus services stopped but tram cars running alongvalley bottoms.Hostelling and walking - winter 1947: headed for Edale YH. Walking on top ofdeep snow. Walked to Castleton following day via Mam Nick. Had to walkhome from Hope!Deep snow - just top of road sign showing! Headed for Fox House – tookshelter overnight at Longshaw LodgeMoved to Hope when he retired (worked in steelworks: River Don Works /Vickers). Started as apprentice (at 15yrs). Wife was a schoolteacher.Keen walker and cyclist; joined Scouts and went campingYouth Hostelling with brother and friendsJoined Ramblers Association; walked abroad and met his wife through thisFred Herdman – first NP RangerMountain Rescue exercise / training.Changes in Hope Valley –conversion of farm buildings to residentialFew changes to Moorland. Bracken.25. Hayfield Day Care Group – Life in Hayfield; mountain rescue; sheepfarming in winterInterview with Arthur HuddlestonChurch warden in Hayfield24

Bracken cutting and beatingFarm workDelivering milkWinter of 1947Walking over KinderWartime plane crash on KinderWartime bombingsHome Guard and ARPPeople leaving Manchester because of the blitzInterview with David BlythInvolvement with Kinder mountain rescue teamPainting the trig pointsPaving moorland pathsTraining and activities of mountain rescue teamInterview with John GillSearching for sheep buried in deep snowMother’s experience of rambling on the moorsChanges to the moorsDuke of Edinburgh Award groups on the moors26. Terry Howard – Redmires – Mass trespasses and leading walksWoodcraft FolkFed stories about Kinder ScoutHostelling at Edale Youth HostelFirst walk up GrindsbrookWeekends walking, hostelling or camping with Woodcraft FolkEwden Valley – leading a group aged 15.Using map and compassTrespassing on Bradfield MoorsQuotes GHB Ward “You’ve never been anywhere unless you’ve been lost”Abbey Brook trespassTalk a little about GHB Ward (but bad audio)Politics and rambling in Sheffield hand-in-handOther trespasses (e.g. Stanage Edge)End of access struggle - CROW Act (2000)1982 - 50 th anniversary of Kinder TrespassFinding bits of flint as a child1982 reunionSheffield Campaign for Access to MoorlandStill finding things -burial mounds and Bronze Age settlement sitesHistory of people on the moorlands and relating it to us nowBlack Hill and the erosion/degradationBig Moor/Totley Moor – red deer have appearedBirds of prey still suffering from being shot/poisonedLandowner who has destroyed moorland by turning it intoLots of little pieces of moorland have been lost25

27. Margaret Bailey –Hayfield - Working as one of the first femalerangersBorn in 1924Joined Ranger Service at 40 in 1964Walked on the moors from an early ageReads from article she wrote in 1980 about woodland on slopes of KinderPlane crash siteSees a Brocken spectre at Kinder DownfallMysterious message carved in stoneStrange rites on the moorsBomb disposalDecorating a shooting cabin at LongdendaleMoorland flora – species of Cloudberry named “Warden” in her honourNight exercises and other wardening memoriesMountain haresAwarded MBE in 1995First woman rangerBased in Hayfield and Glossop28. Brenda Smith – Running a pub in EdaleBorn in 1914Early life in BaslowMoved to Edale after Second World WarConditions at the Church HotelGuests and regularsSocial events in the villageWalking clubsFamous visitors (including Barbara Castle)Filming in Edale – Charlie BubblesRunning the pub single handedMeeting her husband, who came from DaleheadLocal politicsBuilding of the Church HotelRamblers on Kinder – then and nowStaff who worked at the pubThe Nag’s HeadLocals and visitors29. Ken Harwood – Wirksworth – volunteer rangerInterview on Mr Harwood’s work as a volunteer ranger in the Hayfield andKinder areasBegan walking in area in late 1940s (before NP and Ranger Service set up)Lived in Stockport – got bus to Hayfield then walked; not aware of problemswith gamekeepers etc (access movement was earlier)Relied on public transport, so early trips limited to Kinder area1954 – Volunteered with Edale Ranger (Warden) Service (run by TomTomlinson)26

Youths ‘stone-rolling’ (knocking down stone walls) and campersUpholding access agreements and byelaws made with landownersPatrolling moors closed for shooting.Couldn’t close public footpaths round edge of KinderPatrolling in pairsBig changes on KinderNational Trust fencingRights to dig peatSeen as an ‘information service’ rather than policing roleWarden equipment and authorityPay and hoursSetting out routesRanger centresDCC Ranger (1971) – covered parts of Derbyshire outside NP.Many of early Peak Park volunteers ended up working elsewhere in thecountryA typical working dayNags Head pub - Information Centre before FieldheadCarried a whistle, map/compass and first aid kitRescue equipment -Nags HeadClothingFreedom on moorsWorked in factory - getting out at weekendsWildlifeEdale Mountain RescueRescuing a trapped climber using chip shop fat!Volunteer Ranger Service started in May 1954Part-time Ranger in early 1960s till 1971Evenings on the moorsUnprepared / ill-equipped visitorsGamekeepers / agentsFewer grouse on Kinder and BleaklowWhite hares not as common nowAccess agreements“Pennine Rambling Club”Changes in moorland areas -erosion, footpathsContinuation: Early days - travelling to Peak by bus, meeting up after at DalesCafé Hayfield30. Fred Goddard – Farming on Broomhead moorBorn in 1929Working for local gamekeeper in 50s and 60s“Fever hospital”Measuring the rain gaugesThe moors during wartimeHelping on the farmMoorland ploughed up for crops during wartimeGrouse shooting on Broomhead moor27

Building of the reservoir and subsequent depopulation of Ewden ValleyLiving in StocksbridgeWinter of 1947Working at the steelworksBilberry and mushroom picking on the moorsCollecting rosehips for the war effort(Looks at maps)Derelict buildings in Ewden valleySubmerged structures in the reservoirsOld pubsPlane crashes on the moorsOld names from mapsMore gamekeeping memories – burningWartime defencesBuilding the reservoirsEwden villagePlanning and access issuesWater qualityLife before domestic electricity and gas supply31. Holme Village Workshop 2 – Life in and around HolmeDiscussion with Kenneth Denton, Gordon Hallas, Shirley Simmonds, ArthurQuarmby and Herbert BeardsellUsing bracken for packagingUses of sphagnumCloudberries on the moors near HolmeReseeding of the moorsPeat cutting expeditionsTools for cutting peatHow rights to cut peat came aboutReduction in pollutionCondition of the moors – then and nowBuilding of the reservoirsFloodingBeagle hunting“Adopt a trig point”Shooting rights and gamekeepingFossilised roots found in the peatUse of sledges – practical for steep hillsidesSmall scale farming in the pastIndustrial peat cutting enterprise after second world warForestry plantations – now being removed32. Maureen Armes and George Hill – Life in and around LangsettMemories of past residents and dwellingsDepopulated after building of the reservoirsWartime bombings28

Life in the communitySchooldaysLife revolved around the farmsUse of horsesHome made butterPig keeping etcSoldiers stationed in the villagePubs and clubsChristmas and May DayEveryone shared their vegetablesHelping with grouse shootsPast cafesMemories of Langsett HouseWalks across the moorsMemories of past residents of LangsettBasic facilitiesWellsSwimming in the quarryHard work involved in past ways of lifeChristmas traditionsBilberries and other fruit pickingOpening of the water treatment worksDestruction of the village33. Frank Harvey – Farming and forestry work near Brightholmlee(Discussing old photographs while interview is in progress)Nature of farm workFire caused by thunderstormWorking for Forestry CommissionTree planting, cutting bracken, fencingPloughing with horsesBuying livestockLocal old mill workingsFeeding animalsLivestock marketsKilling pigsOld buildings no longer in existenceGrowing mushroomsTree felling with an axeMeasuring tree planting distances by strideMusical traditions at Christmas timeWhere the railway line used to runBuilding the damsMore discussion of old photos – forestry work around reservoirsBuilding the reservoirsAccident while working with a chainsawLand girls29

34. Arthur Quarmby – Peat cutting in the Graveship of HolmeRole as Chief Constable of the Graveship of HolmeHistory of graveships – peat cutting rights on the moorsTools used for peat cuttingThe Holmfirth tigerArchaeological excavations – discussion of photosBuilding of the reservoirs – closing of farmsteadsManagement of woodlandExemption which allowed peat burningGraveships made up of townshipsPeat cutting in the present day35. David Wombwell – Ashover – Walking on the moors fromManchesterEarly 1950s in Manchester (Didsbury)Beaverbark Park Baptist Church; regular group visits to DerbyshireTrain from Didsbury to Chinley (or Hayfield). Walked over to Edale andreturned from there. Walking down Jacobs LadderBlisters as only had normal shoes; older group members would have nailedbootsOften Kinder Scout enveloped in mist; can’t remember people usingcompasses; navigated using OS 1” map…never got seriously lostSometimes varied route and found interesting thingsInterested in archaeology– thought he’d found a stone axe. Manchestermuseum - right shape, but wrong type of stone (gritstone not flint)Found small caves/tunnels in the peat (Edale Cross and Brown Knoll area).Hasn’t seen these features sinceMoved to Derbyshire when got married36. Herbert Beardsell – Working for the water companiesWorking as a reservoir keeper for Yorkshire Water on reservoirs aroundHolmeLandslipsChecking for leaksReading rain gauges – colleague got lostWent in twos after accidentInspecting for pollutionMoors were more closedGrazing on the moorsMoorland regenerationOther duties of a reservoir keeper – walls to keep people outWalking the perimeterBypassing a reservoir if pollution occurredSwimming in the streamsTeenagers tombstoning and playing in the overflow of reservoirsMowing bracken or adding lime to control it30

Co-Operative societiesWildlife around the moors – hares and deerStudies of peat depthsCatch pits and gripsThe working day on the moorsPumping water between reservoirsFish in the reservoirsSafety issues concerning the reservoirs and damsInspecting the pipes – changes that technology has broughtPeat blowing off the moorsWater is full of peat – “Langsett tea”Clearing silt trapsGeneral discussion with other people presentBoundary marker (for old Cheshire boundary) – taken down from moorsOld “characters”37. Ian Davidson – Sheffield – climbing memoriesBorn 1950Walking, climbing, ice climbing, skiing, potholing, canoeing.Started about 14 or 15 years oldWent to school in north Manchester – walking / climbing group.Volunteer work in Salford, taking kids out at weekendsWalking and climbing in late teensSleeping in caves on the edgesOften hitch-hiked from one place to anotherVolunteered at Birchfield Lodge (outdoor centre) in Hope – taught navigationand walking skills to children from SalfordMoved to Sheffield - access to Peak DistrictChanges in climbing (e.g. equipment)Made some of his own early equipmentClimbing now safer - increased standards & more popularDivision between University climbers and working class climbersNever used to train for climbingUsing new climbing equipment and getting stuckIce climbing on Kinder Downfall38. Gwyn Fields – Sheffield – skiing on the moorsBorn in 1955Has skied on peak district moors, but not in recent yearsCross-country skiing above Woodhead Pass. Occasionally has seen otherpeople on skis, but not commonIce-climbing up face of Mam Tor (1980s) this39. Gerald Eastwood – Working for the water companiesStarted working for the water authority in 1958Nature of the work and the working dayChecking rain gauges seven days a weekKeeping people off the gathering grounds31

Developed interest in the bird life of the moorsFishing rights and the fishing clubUsed to walk for milesReduction in bird numbersMore birding stories – peregrines, owls, ospreys and buzzardsTypes of fish found in the reservoirFly fishing and poachingSightings of kingfishersIssue of public access to the reservoirs edgesOther activities around the reservoirs – quarrying, biking and quad bikingMotorbike accidentBuilding of Holme Moss transmitterFires on the moorsIsle of Skye pubMore fishing stories40. John Ownsworth – Military uses of the moorsMilitary use of the moorsShooting range built at Midhope in 1941Shells on the ground at Low MoorRemains of camps on the moorsAnti-aircraft guns at LangsettCatenary defences for the reservoirsExamples of bombs dropped on the moorsTanks units stationed on the moorsNissan huts and NAAFI buildingsFires caused by the shootingAmerican soldiers stationed on the moors as wellWartime information was censoredPlane crashes on the moorsFarm commandeered by the armyGuards and security to stop people going on the moorsArtillery range at BradfieldMore memories referring to photos and articles41. Nick Smith – Moorland Centre, Edale – Search and Rescue DogAssociationBorn in 1961Search and Rescue Dog Association (SARDA) - training organisation formountain rescue personnel to work with search dogs in the mountainsBuxton MR team - involved with SARDA through this.Volunteered as a ‘dogsbody’ i.e. person who waits on moors to be foundwhen dogs being trainedSARDA trainingHow a search dog works and finds a human scentQualities of a good search dogIncreasing urban searches (e.g. missing children, Alzheimer’s sufferers)A trained dog equals 20 humans of area coverage32

9 search dog teams cover the Peak District…works as a team operationalongside Mountain Rescue teamSearch and rescue in bad conditions on KinderDog and handler are re-assessed24/7 call-out systemMountain Rescue is a charity funded by donations and all volunteersRely on farmers and landowners allowing them access to land for trainingAlso rely on volunteers who act as ‘dogsbodies’42. Ian Hurst – Doveholes – Mountain RescueBorn in 1943President of Buxton Mountain Rescue TeamWarden Service (late 1950s / early 1960s).Volunteering at EdaleGeorge Garlick was Head WardenWardens got involved in ‘rescuing’ people; Mountain Rescue ‘evolved’ fromthisPeople mainly travelled by train so focal points were Edale and HayfieldFirst incident he was involved with (1964) - ‘Four Inns Walk’Prior to this - no regional teams or co-ordination between teams1965 – meetings in Buxton with all Peak District rescue teams (+ police). Ledto setting up of regional organisation (comprising 7 teams)Training exercises and range of knowledge neededTypes of incident – 2 types: searches and ‘known location’All members are first aid trained (>60% are trained in Casualty Care)More professional and better equipment –stretcher designPersonal equipmentRadios now much better - used to rely on runnersDifficulties with communication and using Farey pistolRadios now provided by Police –direct comms with other emergency servicesEmergency vehicles – drivers have Police driving trainingWater rescues – assisting searches along river banks and canals etcAlso trained in basic helicopter awarenessMoorlands are better managed nowNational Trust / National Park work on ‘slabbing’ footpathsMore work to protect and revegetate moorland areasGully blocking – potential danger to users once gully has filled with peatywaterWill rescue livestock and dogs – rely on goodwill of farmers to allow access toland for trainingEarly access issues (1920s onwards)Incident in 1925 on Kinder.Early search and rescue relied on local police officers and farmers etc43. Linda Cawley – Sheffield – Woodcraft, rambling and singingBorn in 1953; lived in SheffieldInvolvement with moors through the Woodcraft Folk –14yrs old.Lockerbrook Farm - DofE Award33

Basil Rawson –Woodcraft Folk leader - also a leader on the DofECompass and map workWalking the moors and hillsBus to Ladybower -walking to Lockerbrook in the darkBig walk on Saturdays, singing in the evening, then another walk on SundaysCaught last bus on Sundays from Fairholmes (4pm).Singing on busLearnt to play guitar so played at Woodcraft Folk meetings: sings and plays“The Manchester Hiker”Mentions ‘peat bog jumping’ on KinderTaught about the history of the Kinder Trespasses etc by Basil, BillEmmingham and Terry HowardGetting lost on Kinder when quite young – Mountain Rescue called outPolitical / social influence of Woodcraft FolkSings “The Banks Are Made of Marble”Visits to the countryside with parents and grandparentsSocial education, healthy exercise, discovering wildlife etcSings: “This Land is Your Land” by Woody GuthrieConnection between walking and singing – talks about singing on the buscoming back to SheffieldSings: “Out Into The World We Wander”Strong tradition in Woodcraft Folk of sharing songsTalks about how popular climbing is now amongst young peopleSupports groups that introduce youngsters to the outdoorsFinishes with the “Campfire Carol”44. Riona Shergold – Sheffield – a young person’s experiences on themoorsBorn in 1999. Has been involved through walking, camping on moors.Was carried as a baby up GrindsbrookWhen 4 or 5yrs old walking it again and moaned a lot!Member of Woodcraft Folk – walking and other activities on the moorsClimbing on the RoachesHas ‘bivvied’ on the moors…camping without a tent.Wildlife Trust – every month went to Blackamoor to check the Highland cattle,gates etc were ok.Once it was deep snow and couldn’t find the cows so had to call farmer. Thenfound themCattle on moor for grazing and stops it growing too muchHas helped SARDA – acted as a ‘dogsbody’ to help train the dogs.45. Ken Drabble – Moorland Centre, Edale – Early days of the Peak ParkBorn 1934 in New MillsLong involvement with the National ParkCould see Kinder Scout from his bedroomRoyal Marines - National Service; then asked if he would help MountainRescue at New Mills (about 1960)Practised on Kinder; saw advert in local paper for part-time.34

Talks about early years in Warden ServiceBecame one of first 6 part-time NP Wardens; Tom Tomlinson was HeadWarden; George Garlick was Deputy Head WardenBecame first Warden/Ranger in Longdendale then moved to Fieldhead toreplace George GarlickEventually became Chief RangerTalks about how the role changedEarly on National Park negotiated a number of access agreements withlandowners; this then necessitated providing a Warden Service, later tobecome Rangers to make sure people behaved and abided by theagreementsEaster camping in Edale Valley - tented village.Changes to moorland environment. Early moves to protect and regenerate –many areas had been overgrazedPaving of footpaths (e.g. Pennine Way)Tackling moorland firesDykes – not firebreaks but to allow shooters to move around without beingseen by the grouseEarly role of the Warden -guiding people to where they were allowed to walk.‘Right to Roam’Meeting Lord Sandford (Sandford Report) in early 1970sEarly days of the Joint Planning BoardHard winters (e.g. 1947)Allotments - so more self sufficientWeather patterns on the moorsThe infamous Four Inns Walk tragedyThe creation of the Pennine Way by Tom StevensonModern Rangers35