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Proceeding of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 2011the crop’s vegetation for longer periods of time. The biomass yield from Opt. 1 exceeds by24.2% and 80.4% received from Options 3 and 4.The wheat yield from the third year of the crops succession is the end assessmentof the technological aptitude of the siderate crops grown. The actual yield and theaccounted biological yield of wheat are shown in Table 3. Despite the fact that Sudan grassis known to be an inappropriate predecessor of wheat, during this experiment the wheatyield was above 4000 кg/hа. This speaks of a significant effectiveness of the technologyapplied during biological re-cultivation. From this fact we can derive that the adverseeffects of the predecessor can be overcome by keeping the С:N ration lower than 25 byadequate mineral fertilization.Table 3. Wheat yield 2005Treatments Biologic yield Real yieldg/m 2 kg/ha kg/ha1 434.3 4340 40002 475.3 4750 41703 491.7 4920 42504 436.3 4360 36704. CONCLUSIONSThe full technological evaluation of the aptitude of grown as siderates crops, givesthe grounds to consider that growing winter forage peas and Sudan grass in a compactedcrops rotation is absolutely successful in the humus-free biological method of recultivation.Crops show their biological potential very well and give high biomass yields.By growing siderate crops, a fast pace of organic matter accumulation in the soil is reachedand this guarantees the successful development of following crops. Except for the specificclimatic conditions during crops vegetation, another very important factor is observation ofagro technical requirements in production. An omission of any of the needed agro technicaloperations is a significant risk to the crops growing.REFERENCES1. Dovban K.I. 1990. Zelenoe udobrenie V/O Agropromizdat.2. Zheleva E. and team. 1998. A complex evaluation of the results of biological recultivationin Maritsa Iztok mines. Miproekt Fund EAD/NIS – LTU, Sofia.3. Treykyashki P., B. Hristov, 1982. Re-cultivation of disturbed lands for farming.Farming, № 1, 53-56.4. Agboola A. A. 1975. Problems of improving soil fertility by the use of green manuring.In Soil Bulletin 27 FAO, pp 147-165.5. Darmer G. 1991. Landscape and surface mining: Ecological guidelines forreclamation. Norman L. Dietrich NY.36
Proceeding of the 4 rd International Symposium“NEW RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY” USAMV Bucharest, Romania, 2011STUDY OF THE SEED MICRO FLORA IN WHEAT AND BARLEYGROWN IN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY CONDITIONSMARIELA GEORGIEVA-ANDREEVA, SVILEN RAYKOV, KRASIMIRA TANOVAUNIVERSITY OF SHUMEN “EPISKOP KONSTANTIN PRESLAVSKI”rajkov_svilen@abv.bgAbstract. By the method of placement in Chapek environment, 40 samples of wheat and barley grownin environmentally friendly and conventional agriculture conditions are set.The total contamination of samples has been determined and fungi have been isolated in cleanenvironment and have been defined by species. The mycological analysis showed that the followingspecies of fungi are found: Fusarium, Alternaria, Mucor, Penicillium, Helminthosporium,Cladosporium,Botrytis and Rhizopus. In the makeup of the seminal micro flora, the percentage offungi species Fusarium (53%) and Alternaria (32%) is significantly higher compared to that of theother species.The average percent of contamination in seeds is higher in these samples than in cultures grownconventially. Seeds from the conventional field have stronger Fusarium fungi infection, and thematerials from the ecological field have stronger Alemaria infection.Keywords: wheat, barley, fungi, micro flora, seeds1. INTRODUCTIONProblem in ecologically clean foods and feed production is current on a global scale.Technology for conventional agricultural production used by now, leading to a highincrease of productivity is connected to a high degree of pollution, disruption of naturalfunctions and ecosystem integrity, and above all leads to the loss of enormous quantities ofnon-renewable energy (Knauer.N.1993;Spedding,C.R.W.,1988).Methods of plant protection had the biggest impact on ecosystems, primarily – the chemicalmethod, which led to mobilization of genetic volatility of harmful species and increased theeffect of the pesticide “boomerang” (Stancheva, 1999;).As an answer to these negative processes in agronomy, alternative systems of agriculturalproduction were created and developed. Bulgaria, as a part of Europe, is a part of theseproblems. 90% of the area in the country are suitable for the production of ecological foodsand by 2013 a sharp increase of areas for biological production is expected.Cereal cultures are of the most important species that are being grown biologically.Their growing in ecologically friendly conditions requires the development of a technology,combining stable methods of production (crop rotations, mechanical treatment, sustainingof soil fertility by fertilization with manure and plowing of crop residues, biological controlof pests).Benign and healthy seeds are needed for sustainable yields and quality crops of cereal foodsand feed, as a great part of the seed transmitted pathogens can provoke rotting, decrease ingermination, and in later stages – systematic infections that can destroy big parts of thecrops (Bateman, GL and H. Kwasna. 1999., Chong, LM and JE Sheridan. 1982., Glazek,М. 1997., Kubiak K. and M. Korbas.1999.).37
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