Data Communications Networking Devices - 4th Ed.pdf

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92 _______________________________ FUNDAMENTAL WIDE AREA NETWORKING CONCEPTSFigure 1.48RS-449 interchange circuitsThe use of RS-422,RS-423,and RS-449 permits the cable distance betweenDTEs and DCEs to be extended to 4000 feet in comparison to RS-232's 50-footlimitation. Figure 1.48 indicates the RS-449 interchange circuits. In comparingRS-449 to RS-232,you will note the addition of 10 circuits which are either newcontrol or status indicators and the deletion of three functions formerly providedby RS-232. The most signi®cant functions added by RS-449 are local and remoteloopback signals. These circuits enable the operation of diagnostic features builtinto communications equipment via DTE control,permitting,as an example,theloopback of the device to the DTE and its placement into a test mode operation.With the introduction of RS-232-D a local loopback function was supported.Thus,the column labeled RS-232 Designation with the row entry `Local
1.14 THE PHYSICAL LAYER ________________________________________________________ 93Loopback' indicates that that circuit is only applicable to revisions D and E of thatstandard by the entries D/E in parentheses after the circuit name.Although a considerable number of articles have been written describing the useof RS-449,its complexity has served as a constraint in implementing this standardby communications equipment vendors. Other constraints limiting its acceptanceinclude the cost and size of the 37-pin connector arrangement and the necessity ofusing another connector for secondary operations. By mid-1998,less than a fewpercent of all communications devices were designed to operate with this interface.Due to the failure of RS-449 to obtain commercial acceptance the EIA issued RS-530 in March 1987. This new standard,which is described later in this section,isintended to gradually replace RS-449.V.35The V.35 standard was developed to support high-speed transmission,typically48,56 and 64 kbps. Originally the V.35 interface was designed into adapter boardsinserted into mainframe computers to support 48 kbps transmission on analogwideband facilities. Today,the V.35 standard is the prevalent interface to 56 kbpscommon carrier digital transmission facilities in the United States and 48 kbpscommon carrier digital transmission facilities in the UK. In addition,the V.35standard can support data transfer operations at operating rates up to approximately6 Mbps. This has resulted in the V.35 interface being commonly employedin videoconferencing equipment,routers and other popularly used communicationsdevices.The V.35 electrical signaling characteristics are a combination of an unbalancedvoltage and a balanced current. Although control signals are electrically unbalancedand compatible with RS-232 and ITU V.28,data and clock interchangecircuits are driven by balanced drivers using differential signaling similar to RS-422 and ITU V.11. V.35 uses a 34-pin connector speci®ed in ISO 2593 similar tothe connector illustrated in Figure 1.39.Figure 1.49 illustrates the correspondence between RS-232 and V.35. Note thatthe V.35 pin pairs tied together by a brace are differential signaling circuits thatuse a wire pair.RS-366-AThe RS-366-A interface is employed to connect terminal devices to automaticcalling units. This interface standard uses the same type 25-pin connector as RS-232; however,the pin assignments are different. A similar interface to RS-366-A isthe ITU V.25 recommendation,which is also designed for use with automaticcalling units. Figures 1.50 and 1.51 illustrate the RS-366-A and ITU V.25 interfaces.Note that for both interfaces each actual digit to be dialed is transmitted asparallel binary information over circuits 14 to 17. The pulse on pin 14 representsthe value 2 0 while the pulses on pins 15 to 17 represent the values 2 1 ,2 2 and 2 3 ,respectively. Thus,to indicate to the automatic calling unit that it should dial thedigit 9,circuits 14 and 17 would become active.
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Copyright # 1986, 1989, 1992, 1999
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CONTENTSPrefaceAcknowledgementsxxii
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CONTENTS __________________________
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Data Communications Networking Devi
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1.2 LINE CONNECTIONS ______________
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1.3 TYPES OF SERVICES AND TRANSMISS
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1.4 TRANSMISSION MODE _____________
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1.5 TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES _______
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1.7 LINE STRUCTURE ________________
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1.8 LINE DISCIPLINE _______________
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1.9 NETWORK TOPOLOGY ______________
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1.10 TRANSMISSION RATE ____________
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1.11 TRANSMISSION CODES ___________
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1.16 INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NE
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4.6 SECURITY MODEMS _______________
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