Data Communications Networking Devices - 4th Ed.pdf

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CSMA/CD NETWORK PERFORMANCE _______________________________________________ 845when a workstation downloads a ®le from a server or transfers a ®le to anotherworkstation or to a server. When this type of data transfer occurs, the data ®eld of alarge number of sequential frames would be ®lled to their maximum size of 1500bytes. If the last portion of the ®le being transferred is less than 1500 bytes, then thedata ®eld of the last frame used to transport the ®le would be less than 1500 bytes inlength.Now that the maximum number of frames that can traverse an Ethernet networkwhen the data ®eld is at its maximum size has been determined, let's compute theframe rate when the data ®eld is at its minimum length. When that occurs the data®eld contains up to 46 characters of information, since PAD characters are requiredto ®ll the data ®eld to a minimum length of 46 characters. This results in aminimum-size Ethernet frame being 72 characters in length.For a minimum frame length of 72 bytes, the time per frame is:9:6 s ‡ 72 bytes 8 byte 100 ns ˆ 67:2 10 6 secondbyte bitThus, in one second there can be a maximum of 1/67.2 10 6 , or 14 880 minimumsize72-byte frames.Table E.1 summarizes the frame processing requirements for a 10- and 100-Mbps Ethernet network under 50% and 100% load conditions based upon minimumand maximum frame sizes. Note that those frame processing requirements de®nethe frame examination ®ltering) operating rate of a bridge connected to an Ethernet.That rate indicates the number of frames per second a bridge connected to a 10-or 100-Mbps Ethernet local area network must be capable of examining underheavy50% load) and full 100% load) traf®c conditions. Those frame processingrequirements also de®ne the maximum frame forwarding rate for a bridge or routerconnected to a single network, since if all frames were routed off the network theforwarding rate would equal the ®ltering rate.Table E1Ethernet frame processing requirements frames per second)Average frame sizeFrames per secondbytes) 10 Mbps 100 Mbps50% load 100% load 50% load 100% load1526 406 812 4060 812072 7440 14 880 74 400 148 800In examining the entries in Table E.1, note that the frame processing capabilityof Fast Ethernet that operates at 100 Mbps is 10 times that of 10BASE-T. Thisresults from the fact that Fast Ethernet uses the same access protocol and maintainsa delaybetween frames in the form of idle characters one-tenth of the delayof
846 ______________________________________________ CSMA /CD NETWORK PERFORMANCE10BASE-T. However, emerging gigabit Ethernet does not provide a 10-foldprocessing increase above Fast Ethernet, as the former uses several techniques thatalter the minimum length of frames and transmits a sequence of frames from aworkstation referred to as packet bursting) to extend its transmission distance.Thus, there is no direct correlation between the frame processing capabilityofgigabit Ethernet and Fast Ethernet.
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Copyright # 1986, 1989, 1992, 1999
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CONTENTSPrefaceAcknowledgementsxxii
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CONTENTS __________________________
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CONTENTS __________________________
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xxiv ______________________________
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Data Communications Networking Devi
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1.2 LINE CONNECTIONS ______________
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1.3 TYPES OF SERVICES AND TRANSMISS
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1.4 TRANSMISSION MODE _____________
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1.4 TRANSMISSION MODE _____________
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1.5 TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES _______
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1.5 TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES _______
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1.7 LINE STRUCTURE ________________
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1.8 LINE DISCIPLINE _______________
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1.9 NETWORK TOPOLOGY ______________
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1.10 TRANSMISSION RATE ____________
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1.11 TRANSMISSION CODES ___________
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1.12 ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION
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1.13 STANDARDS ORGANIZATIONS, ACTIV
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1.14 THE PHYSICAL LAYER ___________
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1.15 THE DATA LINK LAYER __________
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1.16 INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NE
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REVIEW QUESTIONS __________________
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4.1 ACOUSTIC COUPLERS _____________
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4.2 MODEMS ________________________
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4.3 INTELLIGENT MODEMS ____________
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4.4 MULTIPORT MODEMS ______________
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4.5 MULTIPOINT MODEMS _____________
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4.6 SECURITY MODEMS _______________
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4.7 LINE DRIVERS __________________
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4.8 LIMITED-DISTANCE MODEMS _______
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4.9 BROADBAND MODEMS ______________
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4.10 DIGITAL SERVICE UNITS ________
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4.11 CHANNEL SERVICE UNITS ________
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4.12 PARALLEL INTERFACE EXTENDERS _
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