CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 23, 1982 - California Cooperative Oceanic ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

SYMPOSIUM INTRODUCTIONCalCOF'I Rep., VoI. XXIII, 1982Participants in the 1981 Symposium of the CalCOFl Conference are, from left to right, Joseph Reid, Richard Crdter, John Baxter, Patricia Powell, Mhur McEvoy, andFrances Clark.24
CLARK: CALIFORNIA MARINE FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS, 19 14-39CalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXIII, 1982CALIFORNIA MARINE FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS, 191 4-1 939FRANCES N. CLARKThese are exciting times. But also there is much inthe past, and I want to go back about sixty years. Toyou that is probably a long time; it’s just yesterdayto me.Fish and game studies in California started in 1914.At that time, there was a Fish Commission composedof five men who decided that there must be a marinefisheries investigation. So they organized a Departmentof Commercial Fisheries and named NormanBishop Scofield its administrator. The responsibilitiesof this investigation were to gather statistics, to studyfishing methods, fish processing and handling, and tolearn about fishes, their habits, how they migrated,where they appeared on the fishing grounds, whenthey spawned-just the little minor details. We’re stillstruggling !Norman Bishop Scofield, to me, was the father ofcommercial fisheries investigation in California. Hewas born in 1869 in the Midwest and had a bachelor’sdegree in biology before he came to California about1890. He was known throughout the years as N.B., sofrom now on he probably will be N.B. when I refer tohim.When N.B. came to California he registered atStanford as a graduate student, and in 1895 wasawarded a master’s degree with Stanford’s firstgraduating class. While he was a student at Stanford,he studied some of the San Francisco Bay and centralCalifornia fisheries under Dr. Charles Henry Gilbert.You people probably know that Gilbert was the manwho determined, in general, that Pacific Coast salmonreturn to spawn in the streams in which they hatched.Because of N.B.’s interests and his work as a student,he was employed by the Department of Fish andGame from 1897 to 1899. Then he dropped out of thepicture for several years. He was in the East doingsome business; I don’t know what. But Californiaseemed to be his love, and he came back and wasemployed again by the Department of Fish and Gamefrom 1908 until he retired in 1939.He was a man who had the imagination to knowwhat needed to be done, and the ability to find out howto do it and to provide the means for doing it. He tookover the direction of this new fisheries investigation in1915, supposedly to study statistics. You can’t studystatistics without information and figures. So in 1915 alaw was passed that required fish buyers to issue receipts,and that was the beginning of our figures on thecatch.By 1917 N .B. discovered that you can ’t do fisheriesinvestigations without money. California at that timesold licenses for commercial fishing, for sport fishingand for hunting. That was the department’s revenue.But more money was needed, so a law was passedrequiring the dealers to pay two-and-a-half cents perpound for all fish they bought. This, plus the sale offishing licenses, was the sole support for the Departmentof Fish and Game for quite a number of years.Nothing came from the general fund. As the yearswent by, the price per pound was increased, and moremoney came in.By this time Scofield had gotten things organized.There was a way of getting information, and there wassome money, so he looked around to find somebody todirect this new investigation. He selected WilliamFrancis Thompson, who is known to all of us for hiswork throughout the years. He had done some studieson the halibut in Washington and in the northern area,and Scofield admired his work. So Thompson washired and started at Monterey. He stayed there for ayear or two and then decided that the center ofCalifornia fisheries was going to be in southernCalifornia.Thompson employed William Lancelot Scofield,known as Lance Scofield to all of us, to study sardinesand other fisheries in the Monterey area. Thompsontransferred to southern California, where he employedElmer Higgins and a few other people and started thework in that area. Thompson and Higgins used patrolboats to try to explore some of the waters offsouthern California. Thompson mentioned in some ofhis laboratory notes that they had taken eggs that hethought might be sardines. But his chief interest in thisexploration was to try to learn about albacore. At thattime the albacore canning industry was expandingrapidly.By 1918 Thompson and Scofield realized that theinformation they were getting from the dealers andtheir receipts was not adequate. They needed moreinformation for a fisheries investigation. So they setup what we have called the pink-ticket system. It requiredthree receipts: one to the fisherman; a pink copyto Fish and Game-that’s the origin of the term “pinkticket”; and a third copy kept by the dealers.Again, I want to give a little credit to another man,H.B. Nidever. He was working for patrol, first in theSan Francisco area. There he had worked with N.B.when N.B. was first employed. Nidever had tremendousadmiration for the biologists. In fact, he had usup on a pedestal, which was not justified. But he had25
Page 4: EDITOR Julie OlfeSPANISH EDITOR Mar
Page 9: REPORT OF THE CalCOFI COMMITTEECalC
Page 14 and 15: FISHERIES REVIEW 1980 and 1981CalCO
Page 16 and 17: FISHERIES REVIEW 1980 and 1981CalCO
Page 18 and 19: STAUFFER AND CHARTER 1981-82 NORTHE
Page 21: STAUFFER AND CHARTER 1981-82 NORTHE
Page 24 and 25: PUBLICATIONSCalCOFI Rep., Vol. XXII
Page 28 and 29: CLARK: CALIFORNIA MARINE FISHERIES
Page 30 and 31: CLARK: CALIFORNIA MARINE FISHERIES
Page 32 and 33: CROKER: CALIFORNIA FISHERIES RESEAR
Page 34 and 35: CROKER CALIFORNIA FISHERIES RESEARC
Page 36 and 37: CROKER: CALIFORNIA FISHERIES RESEAR
Page 38 and 39: BAXTER MARINE RESEARCH COMMI’lTEE
Page 40 and 41: BAXTER: MARINE RESEARCH COMMmEE AND
Page 42 and 43: REID: AN OCEANOGRAPHER’S PERSPECT
Page 44 and 45: REID: AN OCEANOGRAPHER’S PERSPECT
Page 46 and 47: POWELL PERSONALITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Page 48 and 49: POWELL: PERSONALITIES IN CALIFORNIA
Page 50 and 51: McEVOY: SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND THE
Page 56 and 57: McEVOY: SCIENTlFIC RESEARCH AND THE
Page 58 and 59: RADOVICH: COLLAPSE OF THE CALIFORNI
Page 66 and 67: RADOVICH COLLAPSE OF THE CALIFORNIA
Page 74 and 75: RAWVICH: COLLAPSE OF THE CALIFORNIA
Page 76 and 77:
RADOVICH: COLLAPSE OF THE CALIFORNI
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 83 and 84:
BAILEY ET AL.: PACIFIC WHITING LIFE
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
~BAILEY ET AL.: PACIFIC WHITING LIF
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
~ ~ ~~BAILLY ET AL.: PACIFIC WHITIN
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
BAKUN AND PARRISH: TURBULENCE, TRAN
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
BAKUN AND PARRISH TURBULENCE, TRANS
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
HUSBY AND NELSON: TURBULENCE AND VE
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
CHELTON: CALIFORNIA CURRENT RESPONS
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
HAURY AND SHULENBERGER CALIFORNIA C
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
HAURY AND SHULENBERGER. CALIFORNIA
Page 159 and 160:
~ ~~~ --HAURY AND SHULENBERGER: CAL
Page 161 and 162:
~ .~ .~ .HAURY AND SHULENBERGER CAL
Page 163 and 164:
BREWER AND SMlTH ANCHOVY AND SARDIN
Page 165 and 166:
BREWER AND SMITH: ANCHOVY AND SARDI
Page 167 and 168:
BREWER AND SMITH ANCHOVY AND SARDIN
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
GRUBER ET AL.: ICHTHYOPLANKTON IN T
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
~GRUBER ET AL.: ICHTHYOPLANKTON IN
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
BARCELONA ET AL.: MARINE FARMING TH
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
ALVAREZ-BORREGO: TEMPERATURE VARIAB
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
~ FIGUREALVAREZ-BORREGO: TEMPERATUR
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
HUNTER AND DORR: THRESHOLDS FOR FIL
Page 203 and 204:
~ IHUNTER AND DORR: THRESHOLDS FOR
Page 205 and 206:
HUNTER AND DORR: THRESHOLDS FOR FIL
Page 207 and 208:
SCURA: DEVICE TO SENSE AND COLLECT
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
PELAEZ AND GUAN: CHLOROPHYLL MEASUR
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
~HEWITT AND METHOT: DISTRIBUTION AN
Page 231 and 232:
HEWITT AND METHOT: DISTRIBUTION AND
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
HEWITI AND METHOT: DISTRIBUTION AND
Page 245 and 246:
HEWIT AND METHOT: DISTRIBUTION AND
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
HUNTER AND COYNE: ONSET OF SCHOOLIN
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
BUTLER ET AL.: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
BUTLER Er AL.: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
BUTLER ET AL.: DEVELQPMENTAL STAGES
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
STEVENS AND MOSER: EARLY LIFE HISTO
Page 273 and 274:
STEVENS AND MOSER EARLY LIFE HISTOR
Page 275 and 276:
STEVENS AND MOSER EARLY LIFE HISTOR
Page 277 and 278:
STEVENS AND MOSER: EARLY LIFE HISTO
Page 279 and 280:
130' 125. I200 I 15' 11001 I I I 1
show all

CalCOFI Reports, Vol. 23, 1982 - California Cooperative Oceanic ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?