Ingénierie et Gestion de l'Environnement Industriel ... - GD MAROC

Ingénierie et Gestion del’Environnement Industriel(IGEL)Course: Basics of waste managementhttp://earth911.com/news/2009/03/09/waste-hierarchy-whos-on-top-in-the-game-of-trash/

Unit 4: Waste ManagementContent1. Task (dévoirs)2. How to come to a (municipal) waste mangement concept/plan(création d‟un plan de gestion de déchets)3. Circular Economy as a background for waste mangement(recirculation de la liqueur mixte)4. Practice of waste mangement in Europe(application de gestion des déchets en Europe)4.1 Collection and Transport (collect et transport)4.2 Recovery (récuperation)4.3 Recycling (recyclage)4.4 Treatment and Disposal (treatement et stockage)4.5 Site Selection5. Case Study North-Rhine Westphalia6. Summary12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 2

Unit 4: Waste Management1 TaskTask12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 3

Unit 4: Waste Management1 TaskPour nettoyer les déchets il faut savoir les components concernant la qualité et la composition (propriété physical etchemical) Cela est nécessaire pour la construction d‟un équipement de déchets. Il faut distinguer entre déchets desménages commercial et déchets des entreprises. de la liqueur mixteInvent 200912/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 4

Unit 4: Waste Management1 TaskHousehold waste logistics:Storage/Collection/TransportMunicipal WasteManagementWaste characteristics:Definitions/Waste characteristics/Waste separation techniques for recyclingWaste treatment techniques:Biological waste treatment (composting, etc)Mechanical-biological waste treatmentCase study – waste management in IndonesiaIndustrial WasteManagementWaste treatment techniques:IncinerationLand filling12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 5

Unit 4: Waste Management1 TaskDéchets, primièrement deménages privés, associé avecla collection municipal et privéedéchets de établissement commercial,d„industries qui est comparable en leur qualitéavec les déchets de ménagesDéchets de marchés par exemple les légumes, les fruits et des matériaux non-réutlisableDéchets collecté pendant la nettoiement urbanInvent 200912/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 6

Unit 4: Waste Management1 TaskLes activités de la gestion des déchets en deux intentions:a) Il faut collecter régulièrement les déchets ménages, urbains et municipauxb) Les déchets collectés doivent être éliminés d'une manière qu'il n'affectepas l'environnementInvent 200912/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 7

Unit 4: Waste Management1 TaskÀ côté de mesures organisatrices, structurales et techniques à la gestion des déchets il faut considerer:Invent 200912/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 8

Unit 4: Waste Management1 TaskInvent 200912/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 9

Unit 4: Waste Management1 Taskhttp://www.gd-maroc.info/fileadmin/user_files/pdf/manuel/CONCEPTS-GESTION-DECHETS/4-4-Notices-Prevention.pdf12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl10

Unit 4: Waste Management1 TaskInvent 200912/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 11

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptWaste Management Concept12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 12

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptInvent 200912/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 13

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management Concept• Waste management concept– What is a waste management concept?• It shows directions and strategies of the waste management in atarget area.(montre la situation actuelle de la gestion déchets)• The aim of the concept is to reduce the waste generation and tooptimize the waste recycling(But du plan est de réduire la generation de déchets et d‟optimaliser le recyclage de déchets)• To guarantee the best treatment for the generated waste(le meilleure traitement de déchets)umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 14

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptIn order to build a waste management plan/concept on a national, regional orlocal level, the respective tasks and activities to be tackled have to be based oneffective and systematic planning. A waste management plan has to beelaborated that sets out an analysis of the current waste management situationin the geographical entity concerned, as well as the measures to be taken toimprove environmentally sound preparing for re-use, recycling, recovery anddisposal of waste.Pour construir une gestion des déchets national, regional ou local il faut la planifier systématique en détails. Le plan d„une gestion des déchetsdoit être metrre au point de gestion des déchets actuelle.recirculation de la liqueur mixteGIZ: Draft „Manual Industrial Waste Management for Low and Midlle Income Economies“12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 15

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptAnalysis of the current waste management situation including anassessment of:•Types, quantities and sources of waste generated within the area; import andexport of waste from and to other regions•Existing waste collection schemes and major disposal and recoveryinstallations•Arrangements made for special waste streams (e.g. hazardous industrialwaste, waste oil, health care waste, waste electrical and electronic equipment,construction and demolition waste, end of life vehicles)Pour analyser la gestion de déchets auctuelle il faut estimer:les types, les quantité et les sources de déchets;l„import et l„export de déchets entre de régions différentesSchémas de collecter de déchets, d„un meilleur stockage et des institutions de réutilisationGIZ: Draft „Manual Industrial Waste Management for Low and Midlle Income Economies“12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 16

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptElements in a waste management plan (EU)Background1. Overall waste problematics2. EU legislation3. National legislation4. Description of national waste policy and prevailingprinciples5. Description of objectives set up in specific areas6. Inputs from the consultation processStatus part1. Waste amounts, e.g.a) waste streamsb) waste sourcesc) waste management options2. Waste collection and treatment3. Economy and financing4. Assessment of previous objectivesPlanning part1. Assumptions for planning2. Determination of objectives, e.g. fora) waste streamsb) waste sourcesc) waste management options3. Plan of action, including measuresfor achieving objectivesa) collection systemsb) waste management facilitiesc) responsibilitiesd) economy and financingEC: Preparing a Waste Mangement Plan, 200312/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 17

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptEC 200312/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 18

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptPrognosis of future waste generationAssessment of future requirements such asDetermination of the future disposal capacity neededClosure of existing waste recovery and disposal installationsAdditional disposal and recovery installations and their capacities, locationsand the investments related theretoNew collection schemesWaste management policiesBefore starting the planning, the scope of the plan must be defined. Thisincludes consideration of the following issues:What is the geographical coverage of the plan? National, regional or local?Which waste streams will be included or respectively excluded in the plan?Which industrial sectors will be included or respectively excluded in the plan?What is the time horizon of the plan? e.g. 5, 10, 15 or 20 years?GIZ: Draft „Manual Industrial Waste Management for Low and Midlle Income Economies“12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 19

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management Concept• Waste management concept – construction– Formulating the aims of the concept– Obtaining an overview of the current waste management situation– Evaluating the current situation• Potentials of waste prevention and waste reduction?• Better disposal opportunities?• The prognosis of the development of waste generation– Planning a new conceptumweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 20

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management Concept• Waste management concept – Formulating the aims of the concept– Defining the size of the planning area– Determining cities involved in the management• Collection, Transport, Treatment,...– Looking for the traffic situation– Grasping an overview of organisations involved– Estimating time and finances requiredumweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 21

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management Concept• Waste management concept – Overview of the current waste management situation– Area characterisation (le caractère de la région)• Population• Building structure• Commercial/industrial structure– Waste management structure (la structure de la gestion de déchets)• Current amount of the waste and prognosis• Collection and transport– Separation of different wastes (glass, organic, paper,...)• Cost of waste management system• Are constructions of waste treatment facilities underway?umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 22

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptWaste management concept – Overview of the current waste management situation(la gestion de déchets acutelle)– Situation on the material/energy market• Recycled material• Energy and heat recovered from “waste-to-energy” plants• Compost• ...umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 24

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptWaste management concept – Evaluation– Quantity» Optimize the waste prevention and recycling process(optimier l‟évitation de déchets et de procès du recyclage)– Quality» Reduce of products with a short life-cycle with a high risk forthe environment (prevention and reducing of hazardous wastegeneration)(réduire les produits qui font une grande risque pour l‟environnement)umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 26

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptWaste management concept – EvaluationLe concept de la gestion de déchets– Prognosis of the amount and composition of the waste• Parameters that influence the development of the waste composition(montre toutes influences de développement concernant la composition de déchets)• Economic development(le developpement économique)• Prognosis of the future amount of waste(les prévisions au futur concernant les déchets)umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 28

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptFor implementation of an effective wastemanagement system, you have to know all:-Natural conditions (les conditions naturals)-Demographic conditions (les conditions démographiques)-Structural conditions (les conditions structurals)-Technical conditions (les conditions techniques)-Economical conditions (les conditions économique)-And legal requirementsYou have to know the strengths and weaknesses ofeach condition of the planning area.Based on the information, you have to calculate andplan your waste management system with selectedmeasures and technologies.Ces conditions offrent la possibilité de calculer et planifièr la gestion de déchets avec sesMesures et ses technologies.umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl29

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management Concept• For describing a special area you have to deal with certain criteria• Stratification criteria include:1 structure of dwelling2 structure of heating3 commercial structure4 transport network5 industrial structure6 regional particularitiesumweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 30

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptInclude the informal sectorhttp://pswm.uvic.ca/en/welcome/index.html12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 31

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptFind solutions with the informal sector12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 32http://pswm.uvic.ca/en/welcome/index.html

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptFind solutions with the informal sectorhttp://pswm.uvic.ca/en/welcome/index.html12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 33

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management Concepthttp://pswm.uvic.ca/en/welcome/index.html12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 34

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptGUIDECONCEPTS DEGESTION ETBILANS DESDECHETShttp://www.gd-maroc.info/index.php?id=11512/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl35

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management Concepthttp://www.gd-maroc.info/fileadmin/user_files/pdf/manuel/CONCEPTS-GESTION-DECHETS/2-1-2-Flux-module2-collecte-donees-evaluation.pdf12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl36

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptLa Gestion des Flux des Matières – Bilan de DéchetsUn bilan sera mieux présenté sous forme de tableau. Par exemple lafabrication de circuits imprimés (Déchets provenant du TraitementChimique de surface ……)http://www.gd-maroc.info/fileadmin/user_files/pdf/manuel/CONCEPTS-GESTION-DECHETS/2-1-2-Flux-module42-bilans-dechets.pdf12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl37

EnergyRecoveryRemanufacturerMaterials Recovery FacilityEnergyRecoveryRemanufacturerUnit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptHouseholdsElectronicWasteBulkyWasteHazardousWasteOrganicWasteResidualWastePackagingWasteGlassPaperTextilesCollection in Waste CentresHazardousLandfillMaterials Recovery andDisassembly FacilityFe-MetalsKerbside CollectionCompostingFacilityMaterial BankCollection and Waste CentresRemanufacturerNGOBeverageContainersHDPEConcept for aMunicipality, fluxdiagramNe-MetalsCompostLDPEGlassPlasticsOrganic Material(e.g. Wood)LandfillPETFe-MetalsNe-MetalsMiscellaneousMiscellaneousMechanical Biological Treatment(Herhof System)Dry StabilatePelletsFe-MetalsNe-MetalsBatteriesMineralFractionLandfillEnergyRecoveryRemanufacturerSince 2001Winkler J., Bilitewski B. 200512/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 38

Unit 4: Waste Management2 Waste Management ConceptEC200312/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 39

Unit 4: Waste Management3 Concept circular economyConcept circular economy12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl40

Unit 4: Waste Management3 Concept circular economyBlack board: Explain the basic ideaFROM WASTE MANAGEMENT TO CIRCULARECONOMY12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 41

ProductionW,C,H,R,T,I,OWaste generationW,C,H,R,I,OWaste disposalW,C,H,S,R,I,ORaw materialsProductionConsumption2020Collection/TransportW,C,T,R,I,OWastetreatmentLandfill disposalWaste utilisationW,C,H,S,R,I,OWastetreatmentW,C,H,S,R,I,OW Waste Management LawA1 Recycling Management andWaste Act (KrW-AbfG)A2 Electric and electronic equipmentOrdinance (ElektroG)A3 Act for the disposal of animalremains (TierkörperbeseitigungsG)A4 Ordinance on waste export andtransportation (AbfallverbringungsG)A5 Ordinance on end-of-life vehicles(AltfahrzeugG).........A6 Packaging Ordinance (VerpackungsV)A7 Landfill Ordinance (DeponieV)A8 Ordinance on commercial waste(GewerbeabfallV)A9 Ordinance on biowaste (BioabfallV)A10 Ordinance on used batteries(BatterieV)A11 Ordinance on waste deposition(AbfallablagerungsV)A12 Ordinance on evidence provision.............C Criminal lawT Traffic lawsH Laws on waterS Laws on soilR Laws on hazardous substancesI Law for immission preventionand controlO Law on occupational safetyand health12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 42

Unit 4: Waste Management3 Concept circular economyMarket based Circular Economy12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 43

Unit 4: Waste Management3 Concept circular economycost0 % 50 % 100 %Recyclinghandled waste100 % 50 % 0 %Billitewski 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 44

Unit 4: Waste Management3 Concept circular economycostvirginmaterialcost0 %100 %50 %Recyclinghandled waste50 %100 %0 %Billitewski 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 45

Unit 4: Waste Management3 Concept circular economycostrecyclingcostvirginmaterialcost0 %50 % 100 %Recyclinghandled waste100 % 50 % 0 %Billitewski 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 46

Unit 4: Waste Management3 Concept circular economycostBrecyclingcostvirginmaterialcostOpt. 10 % 50 % 100 %Recyclinghandled waste100 % 50 % 0 %BResulting slope of virgin material cost andrecycling costBillitewski 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 47

Unit 4: Waste Management3 Concept circular economycostBWastemanagement costrecyclingcostrcyclingcostvirginmaterialcostOpt. 10 % 50 % 100 %Recyclinghandled waste100 % 50 % 0 %BResulting slope of virgin material cost andrecycling costBillitewski 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 48

Unit 4: Waste Management3 Concept circular economycostA Resulting slope with wastemanagement costWastemanagementcost0 %B50 %RecyclingAOpt. 1Brecyclingcostvirginmaterial cost100 %Opt. 2Resulting slope of virgin materialcost and recycling cost100%50 %handledwaste0 %Billitewski 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 49

Unit 4: Waste Management3 Concept circular economyRecommendations for Circular Economy Development• Total Vision of Material Cycle Economy• Development integrated with Resources, Energy & EnvironmentPreservation and Economic Growth• Efficient Utilization of Secondary Resources• Beneficial Effects on Technology, Economy and Employment• System Developments using Hierarchical Approach– Prevention, Reuse, Recycle, Treatment & Disposal– Development of Material Cycle Index and Basic Statistics– Global-scale Network of Material Cycles is essential Billitewski 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 50

Unit 4: Waste Management3 Concept circular economyRecommendations for Circular Economy Development• Integrated Approach with Policy Development,Material Cycle Technologies & Funding Mechanism– Individual Material Cycle Systems• Container & Packaging• Home Appliances• End-of-Life Vehicles• Other Products• Recycling Residue Management and its InfrastructureBuilding– Without Residue Management Infrastructure, Local and Global PollutionBillitewski 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 51

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticePractice12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl52

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeDiscuss with the class the topic: From concepts to practicehttp://openlearn.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=399300&section=4.212/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 53

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practicehttp://wanless.com.au/images/What_is_waste_Management/Waste-Management-Process-10-x-10V2.jpg12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl54

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeTransport and Collection12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl55

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Collection and transport are important parts of the primary target tohandle generated waste (material and energy recovery)(La coellection et le transport sont important pour le traitement de déchets)• To pursue the goal of the waste management, the waste has to becollectable and transportable(Pour réaliser ce but les déchets doivent être collectionable)• Collection in bins and containers• Transport with special vehicles (Front loader, side loader,…)umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 56

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Task of waste collection:• Collection of all household, industrial and commercial wastes• Separation of recyclable waste from non-recyclable waste• Picking up the waste from the place of their collection• Task of waste transport:• Transport wastes to the processing and disposal facilities• Storage of the collected waste in the vehicles• The collection and transport of waste takes 60-80 % of the total costs fordisposal(La collection et le transport font 60-80% du coûts total pour le stockage)umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 57

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• For implementation of a waste collection and transport system, thefollowing aspects should be considered:(Pour la collection et le transport il faut savoir:)• Dimension of the collecting area(la dimension de la région)• Structural, economic and social settings• Area specific legislative stipulations• User demands• The spectrum of appropriate collection systems and technologiesumweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 58

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Collection systems:• Pick-up arrangement system• Drop-off arrangement or bring systemUmweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl59

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Methods for picking-up the waste:• Simple container emptying• Container exchange• One way• Simple container emptying:• The collected waste in bins or containers is picked up at the privatehouseholds using a mechanical emptying system(les déchets sont collectés de chaques ménagers et les collecteurs les mettent dans une container)• Container exchange:• The container filled up with waste is picked up and replaced with a emptycontainer(Le container plein va changer avec un qui est vide)umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 60

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• One way method:• The waste is picked up in special containers or big bags. Bags are alsotreated as wastesles déchets sont collectés dans des sacs spécialsSimply container emptyingemptyContainer exchangefullhttp://www.abfallwirtschaft-hohenlohekreis.dehttp://www.fischersoehne.de/container/container_aufladen.jpg12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl61

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Difference between transportation on short and long distances(differnce entre de véhicules pour transporter les déchets sur une distance longues ou courte)• For short distance transportation, the vehicles that collect the waste also transportthe waste to next station (e.g. treatment facility, transfer station, landfill).(les véhicules pour les distances courte sont les mêmes comme les véhicules pour collecter les déchets)• For long distance transportation, different vehicles are used for picking-up wastesand for transport the picked-up waste .• Special vehicles for the transportation and transportation pathways have tobe prepared(Pour le transport long il faut avoir de véhicules et de routes spéciales)• Before transporting the wastes, they are brought to the „transfer stations“ fora short storage and the first treatment(Avant le transport longue de déchets commence ils sont déposés dan un station de transfer -> le premier traitementumweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 62

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Waste transportation can be distinguished by as follows:• Types of employed transportation vehicles• Container system or truck body used• Transporting the waste using a vehicle with or without a compaction system• Mostly ships or trains are used for long-distance transportations• The advantage is the maximum loading capacity. A truck can take up to 25Mg, a train 1000 Mg and a riverboat up to 500-3000 Mg.• The emission rate and environmental impact is lowerumweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 63

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Transport vehicles:• Rear-end loaded refuse collection vehicle• Front loaded refuse collection vehicle• Side loaded collection vehicle• Swap body container systemumweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 64

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Transport Vehicles:• Rear-end loaded refuse collection vehicleUweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 65

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Rear-end loaded refuse collection vehicle:• Technical scheme:• The waste is loaded in bags or containers in the rear-end of the vehicle• Compaction system compresses the waste• If the vehicle is full, the waste is brought to the disposal facility• For collection of different kinds of wastes, there are “double body vehicles”(umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management)12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 66

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practiceumweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 67

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Front loaded refuse collection vehicle:www.faun.com12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 68

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Front loaded refuse collection vehicle:• Technical scheme:• The basic parts of these vehicles are: the chassis, the body with a compactionsystem, the hopper and the front lifting device• With the lifting device (behind the drivers cabin) the containers are lifted in thevehicle• With a comb- or a pocket system, the bins or containers are fixed on the lifting arms• With a mechanical compaction system, the waste is compressed in the vehicle• If the vehicle is filled up, the waste is transported to the disposal facility. At thefacility the waste will be discharged by opening the rear.Uweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 69

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeUmweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 70

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Side loaded refuse collection vehicle:www.otto-environment.comww.ries-pressen.de12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 71

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Side loaded refuse collection vehicle:• Technical scheme:• The basic parts of these vehicles are: the chassis, the body with a compactionsystem, the hopper and the front lifting device• The vehicle stops beside the waste containers• The lifting device is attached to the vehicle on the side directed to the wastecontainers• The lifting system grabs the container and empties it into the feed-hopper• The waste is compressed in the vehicle by an automatic, mechanical compactionsystem• If the vehicle is filled up, the waste is transported to the disposal facility where itopens its rear to discharge the waste.umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 72

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeUmweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 73

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Swap body (container) system:Umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 74

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeUmweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 75

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Waste transport station:(décharge publique)• Technical scheme:• The construction of a transport station can be different. It depends on the followingfactors:la construction d‟un décharge publique dépend de:• Type of delivering vehicles and the picking up of these vehicles (Swab body, fixedsuperstructure)les véhicules differentes et leurs collectes de déchets)• Reloading with/without compression (important for railway and ship transport)(sans ou avec compression)• Three different types of transport stations(trois types différentes de décharge publique)umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 76

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeUmweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 77

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeUmweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 78

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Waste transport station:(décharge publique)• Basic requirements:• Environmental licence is necessary because of the potential to cause environmentalburdens and nuisance(Une licence écologique est nécessaire à cause les immission et l‟incidence de déchets sur l‟environnement)• Transport station must be located in the central position of the collection area(le station de décharge publique doit être situé central)• Station must have an access to relevant transport routes(le station doit avoir les routes nécessaires)umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 79

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Waste transport station:• Advantages:• Efficient use of the transport vehicles → saving distances for collection and disposal• It´s possible to transport a larger amount of waste with fewer transportation vehicles→ less emissions → less traffic influences• Disadvantages:• Building and operation of the station require recourses and costs• Application of transfer stations may induce more traffic to the next stations → manytrucks, trains, boats,...umweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 80

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practice• Municipal waste treatment:• For the municipal waste, the following treatment methods are currently implemented:» Mechanical treatment (sorting, separation of iron / non-iron metals,floatation,...)le traitement mécanique» Biological treatment (aerobic composting, anaerobic digestion)le traitement biologique» Thermal treatment (energy recovery from waste, grate combustion,fluidized bed combustion)le traitement thermiqueumweltbundesamt: Best Practice of Municipal Waste Management12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 81

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeRecovery12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 82

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practicehttps://encryptedbn1.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTcJZxicrPyze5SMIY1dz3MWElQfbhFD111K5ph5LS6WYX2BA03http://www.warwickshire.gov.uk/Web/graphics/graphics.nsf/graphics/WasteRecoveryOTHER/$file/WasteRecoveryOTHER.gif12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 83

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeAnalyse plant: More will come in the next units.12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 84

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeRecycling12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl85

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeBlack board drawing:Describe the differences ofup- re- and down-cycling.http://progressivetimes.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/recycle-upcycle.jpg12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 86

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practicehttp://www.justmeans.com/editorial/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/recycling.jpghttp://www.shanghaiblog.de/wp-content/uploads/recycling.jpg12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 87

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practicehttp://www.gmwda.gov.uk/clientfiles/Image/Process%20doc.jpg12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 88

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practicehttp://www.iqsdirectory.com/industry/recycling_equipment/images/paper_recycling_diagram.gif12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 89

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practicehttp://www.iqsdirectory.com/industry/recycling_equipment/images/plastic_recycling_diagram.gif12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 90

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeHow is the situation at your university, form a group and prepare a short ppthttps://encrypted-tbn3.google.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTAaiILM304c9iC3UpJZ8tv6rN25-eUO8g9xwJeZ7z2Zt1bsOBytg12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 91

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeTreatment and disposal12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl92

Unit 4: Waste Management4 Practicehttp://peswiki.com/images/a/a0/Waste_recycling_graphic_firmgreen_jp60.jpg12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 93

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeMore will come in the following units12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 94

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeSite Selection12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 95

Unit 4: Waste Management4 PracticeForm a group and prepare a short ppt howto decide about a site.http://gdmaroc.info/fileadmin/user_files/pdf/manuel/guide-preselection--site-reharge.pdfFaites-vous en groupe et préparez-vousun pptbref comment il faut décider sur un site.12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 96

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyCasestudy North Rhine-Westphalia12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 97

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyChallengesSuccessful WasteManagementComprehensiveTransparencyParticipation 3R – Strategy and a high qualitywaste incineration causing nodamage to the environmentlegitimatize each other The comprehensibility andtransparency of planning andimplementation legitimize the specificsteps and the waste incineration In consumption and waste separation,a successful waste managementdepends on the cooperation of thepeople - that also applies to thedevelopment of an integrated masterplan and location decisionsWiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 98

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyComposition of Waste in NRW 2007Key FiguresIndustrial wastesreally depend onthe economicsituationRecyclables‘ amountincreases (withlocal perculiarities)Household andcommercial wastestends to bedecreasing withincreasing quantityof recyclablesWiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 99

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudySingle-family HouseMulti-family apartment building Household related fee calculationStrong social control‣ Very good waste separation(Discipline) Fee calculation with apportionment Weak social control‣ Bad waste separation (Discipline)Wiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 100

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyServicesResidual WastesContainerPaper ContainerBio Wastes ContainerService OfferActions make collection 2 – and 4 –weekly possible Lower total costs (bigger container, less dumping processand less transport distance) despite Large incentive for prevention and recovery due to lowminimum container volume Extensive curb-side collection system Assures revenues for the household fees Increases recycling quantities (resource protection) Improve service 2 - weekly collection of bio waste container due to Lower total costs because of larger container and lessbulk operations and less transport distances Active work by large residential facilities with owners, youthwork, local community work and tenants to use the recyclingpotentialWiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 101

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyRecycling Depots in Munich and Bassumfor ca. 100 – 200.000 InhabitantsGlass Depot Container for ca. 100 –200.000 InhabitantsWiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 102

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyKey FiguresMarket volumenHouseholdwaste disposalca. 3 Mrd.EUR/aCa. 50%TreatmentCosts: ca. 50% from wastewater and ca. 10%from heaterCa. 25 %PersonnelcostsWiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 103

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyStrength: Provides a substitute for mineralfertilizer and peat and bark mulch Strengthens the topsoil layer (humus)Weakness:Composting Rotting loss CO 2 - Emissions Nitrous oxide with much higher climatedamaging factor than CO2 Energy demand for conducting theprocess Enhanced emission control requiresinvestment in retrofitting(exhaust gas)Strength: Provides a substitute for mineralfertilizer and peat and bark mulch Strengthens the topsoil layer(humus) Positive energy balance of theprocess replaces fossil fuels No Nitrous Oxide emissions(laughing gas)Weakness:Fermentation Low decomposition rates of rottingproduce low CO2 - emissions‣ Composting plants for organic waste will not survive in the simple form‣ Plant operators feel the urge to complement digestion process into their existing plantsWiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 104

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyFermentation instead of Composting of BiowasteOptimization Stronger separatewaste collection andrecycling (largestrecyclables fraction) Conversion methodfrom composting topure digestion followedby composting Improved processconducting offermentation and postrottingtreatment(emission control)Wiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 105

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case Study3R – StrategiesWaste Incineration PlantFrame work: No abrupt regulatory interventions(eg disposal obligation) Enhanced federal regulation / EU toreduce and reuse.Local Authority:Capacity utilization risk of plantsCollection system andcommunications orient to highrates Proper dimensioning Increase in waste‟s quantity Demography Customers / catchment area Economic connection to thecommunity / customers Leave the capacity utilization risk ofplants Freedom for acquisition of waste‟samount for utilization‣ Composting plants for organic waste will not survive in the simple form‣ Plant operators feel the urge to complement fermentation process into their existing plantsWiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 106

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyWaste Mangement Concept NRWWiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 107

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyMunicipal Waste Treatment Routes in The Districts and Cities (NRW 2007)Wiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 108

CharacteristicUnit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudySourceHouseholdTradeIndustryPackagingWastesMunicipalMunicipal /PrivateMunicipal /PrivateProducerRecyclablesMunicipal /PrivateMunicipal /PrivatePrivateProducerThe competence is independent from the implementation ofservicesWith the competence of the commune there is an option for selfcompletion/authorizationOutside the competence of commune the municipal companies arein competitionWiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 109

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyRevenues 2007Mrd. €0,18Important DevelopmentsElimination of energy supplierin waste logistics (RWE,EnBW)Elimination of U.S. companies(Waste Management &Cleanaway)Start of (partial governmental)French groups (Veolia takeover Sulo & Suez Lyonnaistake over Sita)Start of financial investors(KKR by DSD & Blackstone /Apax by Sulo)Wiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 110

Kommunale UnternehmenSonstigeUnit 4: Waste Management5 Case Study[%]454035302520151050Market SharesDominance of private disposalcompanies in rural areasBig CitiesMunicipal(Mio. Inhabitants)Companies:PPP – Companies:Berlin (3,42)Hamburg (1,77)München (1,31)Köln (0,99)Frankfurt (0,66) PPPStuttgart (0,60)Dortmund (0,59)Essen (0,58) PPPDüsseldorf (0,58) PPPWiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl111

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyMethodeCompostingEvaluation No mineralization / inerting; no usable output Methane and nitrous oxide emissions are air pollution gasesLandfill High space consumption, no usable output Durable gas (methane) and water emissionsMechanical-BiologicalTreatment Only pre-treatment before landfill or incineration Without fermentation, methane emissionsAlternative ThermalProcess No proven and reliable method available No cost certaintyWiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 112

Unit 4: Waste Management5 Case Study1Waste problem refersto production and consumption Integration of problem solving (volumereduction) in the society and theeconomic system2Responsibility of wasteproducers Polluter-pays principle and allocation ofcosts to waste producers– not from taxrevenues but user-pays funding34Clear regulatory frameworkand consistent enforcementParticipation e.g. Binding recycling rates and strictlimits ensure quality and acceptance Citizen participation is required at 3R Transparency ensures acceptance ofplantsWiebe 201012/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 113

Waste quantity in 1.000 MgUnit 4: Waste Management5 Case StudyHazardous waste quantitiesReduction of the actual quantities of in total 27 companies inthree industries in nothern Germany between 1987 and 1993807074.950 Mg100 %Metal-working industryOil refining & chemical industryMetallurgical industryDevelopment of hazardouswaste quantities consideringdifferent measures for wasteavoidanceand utilisation of the industry.6054.500 Mg73 %5044.100 Mg59 %403023.500 Mg31 %201001987 1990 1993Theoreticallypossible12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 114

Unit 4: Waste Management6 SummarySummary12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 115

Unit 4: Waste Management6 SummaryA waste management concept has to itegrate the following parts:• Legislation of waste management and treatment• You have to make a definition of the scope of your plan• What participants are joining your management concept?• Effect of your concept or plan to the environment• Time schedule for planning• Relationships with other plans and policies• Waste quantities and qualities• How will you collect and transport the waste?• How can you finance your concept?12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl

Unit 4: Waste Management6 SummaryThe waste management concept needs year by year a revision. Many factscan change very quickly and you have to tune your concept veryflexible. The following parameters may have an influence:• Legislation/Politic• Quantity and quality of the waste• Swelling structure• Population• Different terms of the year12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl

Unit 4: Waste Management6 SummaryNDP = PT x LFTThe Challange: find a ballance of PT and LFTNDP = No Disposal ProblemsPT = Pre TreatmentLFT = Landfill Technique12/01/2012 | Group of waste management and waste technology| Institute IWAR | Prof. Dr. Uwe Lahl 116