complete

the shelf life of treaties 141people who were watching, it puts a lie to the statement that NativeAmericans were harming fisheries. They had developed a very effectiveway of managing.”“Everyone basically centers on the 50 percent but the more valuableconsideration was the right for self-regulation and co-management ofthe overall resources,” Hank Adams says.“I think he [Boldt] resolved many of the fundamental questions,”says Mike Grayum, executive director of the Northwest IndianFisheries Commission (nwifc). “One of the fundamental issues thathe addressed was, what’s the definition of conservation? Because thestate used that word to justify stopping the Indians. It’s a conservationissue. We need those fish to spawn. The judge wisely said, ‘That’snot how I define conservation. What you were doing, state, wasmaking a wise-use decision. You would rather have the fish caughtout there in the ocean than caught at the mouth of the river.’”During their celebratory feast after the decision came down,Brando returned to the Northwest. “I remember Marlon Brando,”Grayum says. “He was scruffy, wearing old dirty clothes, and hadabout two weeks worth of beard—he was kind of a nasty old man.”“I didn’t come here to talk to any white people, I came here to seeIndians,” Brando groused.Grayum retorted, “OK, well I don’t much like you either.”As they dined on oysters and salmon, attorney Stu Pierson warned,“Don’t think the fight’s over; it’s just started now.”Indeed. The state flat out refused to accept defeat.