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Chapter 5RenegadesIn January 1964, the threat of snow and rain loomed as Billy andtreaty fishermen gathered on the banks of the Nisqually River atFrank’s Landing. They dug in their heels and craned their necks,eyeing a white flag of truce at the top of a pole. It once signaled a briefrespite in the fishing wars.But on this winter day, peace eroded and battle lines were redrawnbetween the state of Washington and Indian fishermen at the Landing.The Native American activists returned to the river in a show ofprotest. Bolstered by a recent state Supreme Court decision, PierceCounty prohibited nets in the Nisqually River. “We are certain theIndians will not continue fishing after receiving copies of the restrainingorder,” Walter Neubrech of the Game Department said confidently,after the state secured the order.But the fishers were not dissuaded. Still they would cast their netsand would risk personal freedom to fish. They lowered the white flagof truce and unfurled the American flag—a flag of pride they calledit—and watched it snake its way up the pole. This particular flag wasspecial. It once draped the coffin of Herman John Sr., Billy Frank’sbrother-in-law. “We’re fishing under this flag and under the treatysigned in 1854 with the U.S. Government,” activists declared on a signfastened to the pole.67
68renegadesHank Adams personal collectionRaising the inverted flag, Frank’s Landing. Fishermen protested in 1964 bylowering a white flag of truce and raising the American flag. The demonstrationcarried forward the next year, in 1965, when they raised the inverted flag shownabove.
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Where the Salmon RunThe Life and Le
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For Sugar, Tanu, and Willie“I’m
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viiicontents14. The Negotiator 2001
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Where the Salmon RunThe Life and Le
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4 prologueEarly logging robbed the
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6introductionpromise as long as the
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introduction 9Even so, Tom Keefe sa
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Chapter 1Spirit of the FatherGramps
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14spirit of the fatherOutstretched
Page 27 and 28: 16spirit of the fatherincluding thr
Page 29 and 30: 18spirit of the fatherbusinessman
Page 31 and 32: 20spirit of the fatherNisqually Tri
Page 33 and 34: 22spirit of the fatherThe free educ
Page 35 and 36: 24spirit of the fathermy pants. So,
Page 37 and 38: 26spirit of the fatherHank Adams pe
Page 39 and 40: 28spirit of the fatherof the Nisqua
Page 41 and 42: 30spirit of the fathergood now,”
Page 43: 32 “i live here!”Billy Frank Jr
Page 46 and 47: “i live here!” 35“My dad woul
Page 48 and 49: “i live here!” 37Nisqually Trib
Page 50 and 51: “i live here!” 39Billy Frank Jr
Page 52 and 53: “i live here!” 41Billy Frank Jr
Page 54 and 55: “i live here!” 43Hank Adams per
Page 56 and 57: “i live here!” 45go up there li
Page 58 and 59: the survivor 47Billy Frank Jr. pers
Page 60 and 61: the survivor 49Northwest Indian Fis
Page 62 and 63: the survivor 51“People just thoug
Page 64 and 65: the survivor 53Hank Adams personal
Page 66 and 67: the survivor 55Billy’s niece Vale
Page 68 and 69: the survivor 57Billy Frank who gets
Page 70 and 71: surveillance 59“What this adds up
Page 72 and 73: surveillance 61the protestors for a
Page 74 and 75: surveillance 63More than just the h
Page 76 and 77: surveillance 65Hank Adams Collectio
Page 80 and 81: enegades 69“Right out here by the
Page 82 and 83: enegades 71University of Washington
Page 84 and 85: enegades 73out of a movie productio
Page 86 and 87: enegades 75Hank Adams personal coll
Page 88 and 89: enegades 77accustomed places.” Ad
Page 90 and 91: enegades 79Washington State Archive
Page 92 and 93: enegades 81did note that the Corps
Page 94 and 95: canoes and clashes 83Then, in 1965,
Page 96 and 97: canoes and clashes 85exercising his
Page 98 and 99: canoes and clashes 87Years later, a
Page 100 and 101: canoes and clashes 89Hank Adams per
Page 102 and 103: canoes and clashes 91Game Departmen
Page 104 and 105: Chapter 7As Long as the Rivers RunM
Page 106 and 107: as long as the rivers run 95to enfo
Page 108 and 109: as long as the rivers run 97and res
Page 110 and 111: as long as the rivers run 99Luther
Page 112 and 113: as long as the rivers run 101to the
Page 114 and 115: as long as the rivers run 103Hank A
Page 116 and 117: as long as the rivers run 105disord
Page 118 and 119: as long as the rivers run 107Bridge
Page 120 and 121: as long as the rivers run 109months
Page 122 and 123: takeovers 111proclamation, “To th
Page 124 and 125: takeovers 113television that she wo
Page 126 and 127: takeovers 115grandfather. The hope
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takeovers 117Hank Adams personal co
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takeovers 119should not be denied.
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takeovers 121“I never knew D.C. f
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takeovers 123Washington State Libra
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takeovers 125Willie Frank Sr. watch
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takeovers 127hands were tied—Fran
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the shelf life of treaties 129great
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the shelf life of treaties 131“He
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the shelf life of treaties 133inten
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the shelf life of treaties 135North
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the shelf life of treaties 137witne
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the shelf life of treaties 139“We
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the shelf life of treaties 141peopl
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storm143A U.S. marshal removes an e
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storm145Strait of Juan de Fuca. The
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storm147It was nine o’clock in th
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150stormIn the summer of 1976, Jim
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152stormThe engine of the Alaskan R
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154stormIn 1976, as the nation cele
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156stormThe year 1977 was punctuate
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158stormGeorgiana Kautz personal co
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160stormsoftball in tournaments in
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162stormIf a silver lining followed
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164the politics of salmonWashington
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166the politics of salmonstood at a
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168the politics of salmonAccording
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170the politics of salmon1976, ille
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172the politics of salmonkeeping ta
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174the politics of salmonPost decla
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176bridge builderDick Baldwin, Wash
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178bridge builderattended a myriad
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180bridge builderto see Indians in
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182bridge builderappeal process tha
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184bridge builderThings started to
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186bridge builderAlthough most peop
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188bridge buildergroups acknowledge
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Chapter 13ResilienceBilly is someti
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192resilienceBilly Frank Jr. person
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194resilienceOn June 17, 1983, Will
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196resilienceto rest here. He never
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198resiliencesays. “One friend, h
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Chapter 14The NegotiatorThe 1980s f
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202the negotiatormigrated up the co
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204the negotiatorpretty fast once w
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206the negotiatorFish and Wildlife
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208the negotiatorIn August 1989, th
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210clear creek hatcheryJoe Kennedy,
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212clear creek hatcheryPuget Sound
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214clear creek hatcheryhatchery in,
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216clear creek hatcheryIn Salmon Wi
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218submergedHank Adams personal col
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220submergedHank Adams personal col
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222submergedKeefe says. “Now, the
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Chapter 17The Tough GuyAlong with h
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226the tough guythe former governor
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228the tough guyconvinced that oust
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230the tough guySecond, and perhaps
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Chapter 18“You were always there
Page 245 and 246:
234“you were always there for me
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236“you were always there for me
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238the catalystHank Adams personal
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240the catalystHank Adams personal
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242the catalystconferences, he urge
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244the catalystBilly Frank Jr. won
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246the catalystBilly sat at the U-s
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Chapter 20Operation ChainsmokerFran
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250operation chainsmokerIndian land
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252operation chainsmokerFrank’s L
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254operation chainsmoker“Understa
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256hard truthsThe invisible killer
Page 269 and 270:
258hard truthskills typically symbo
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260hard truthstheir negotiations st
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262hard truthsThe only people that
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264hard truthsnumber of pups has tr
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Chapter 22Dreams and LegaciesSomewh
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dreams and legacies 269Northwest In
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dreams and legacies 271contribution
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dreams and legacies 273are just att
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dreams and legacies 275The rocky hi
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dreams and legacies 277has also imp
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dreams and legacies 279Sugar and Wi
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dreams and legacies 281Painting com
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AcknowledgmentsI count my blessings
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Billy Frank Jr. Family TreeThe tree
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illy frank jr. family tree 287Frank
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illy frank jr. family tree 289McClo
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illy frank jr. family tree 291Henry
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source notes 293Chapter 1. Spirit o
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Chapter 3. Survivalsource notes 295
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Chapter 7. As Long as the Rivers Ru
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Chapter 9. The Shelf Life of Treati
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source notes 301was a lawyer”: Wa
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source notes 303“He’s made hims
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Chapter 20. Operation Chainsmokerso
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Select BibliographyInterviews and O
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select bibliography309Seattle: Univ
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select bibliography311U.S. Fish & W
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index 313153, 164, 165, 168-173, 17
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index 315Frank, Mary Miles 51, 286F
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index 317153, 165, 169, 171, 176-18
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index 319Prince William Sound 9, 24
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index 321United States Fish and Wil
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