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the catalyst 247vice chairman of the entire celebration. There’s now an annual gettogetherof the two cultures at Fort Vancouver.“We want to get the history set straight about this country and theIndian people,” Billy said to explain the tribes’ involvement in commemoratingthe pivotal expedition across the American West.
Chapter 20Operation ChainsmokerFrank’s Landing is located in Nisqually, Washington, at an interchangeof Interstate 5, near Norma’s Burgers, a popular lunch joint,and Schilter Family Farm, where 180 acres of Christmas trees, pumpkins,and pasture lands spread out, paralleling the freeway.A smoke shop at the Landing operates from a nondescript beigebuilding, bearing the simple sign: “The Landing, A Skookum CreekOutlet.” On any given day, you’ll find cars pulling up slowly to thedrive-through window, where drivers place orders for soft drinks,candy, or cigarettes.Sometimes, you’ll hear shrieks of laughter from nearby Wa He LutIndian School, the Native cultural center founded by Billy’s oldersister, Maiselle, in response to children’s experiences in public school.This community is steeped in history, dating back to Muck CreekVillage on the Nisqually Indian Reservation where Billy’s father grewup. A century earlier, Indians gathered and traded goods at the village,then a major tribal center on the south side of the creek. When theNisqually Reservation was condemned during World War I, displacedIndians at Muck Creek Village scattered. Among them wasBilly’s father, who lost his allotment. He eventually bought 6.3 acresof land near the mouth of the Nisqually River. A new community248
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Where the Salmon RunThe Life and Le
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For Sugar, Tanu, and Willie“I’m
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viiicontents14. The Negotiator 2001
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Where the Salmon RunThe Life and Le
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4 prologueEarly logging robbed the
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6introductionpromise as long as the
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introduction 9Even so, Tom Keefe sa
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Chapter 1Spirit of the FatherGramps
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14spirit of the fatherOutstretched
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16spirit of the fatherincluding thr
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18spirit of the fatherbusinessman
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20spirit of the fatherNisqually Tri
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22spirit of the fatherThe free educ
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24spirit of the fathermy pants. So,
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26spirit of the fatherHank Adams pe
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28spirit of the fatherof the Nisqua
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30spirit of the fathergood now,”
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32 “i live here!”Billy Frank Jr
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“i live here!” 35“My dad woul
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“i live here!” 37Nisqually Trib
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“i live here!” 39Billy Frank Jr
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“i live here!” 41Billy Frank Jr
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“i live here!” 43Hank Adams per
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“i live here!” 45go up there li
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the survivor 47Billy Frank Jr. pers
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the survivor 49Northwest Indian Fis
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the survivor 51“People just thoug
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the survivor 53Hank Adams personal
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the survivor 55Billy’s niece Vale
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the survivor 57Billy Frank who gets
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surveillance 59“What this adds up
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surveillance 61the protestors for a
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surveillance 63More than just the h
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surveillance 65Hank Adams Collectio
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Chapter 5RenegadesIn January 1964,
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enegades 69“Right out here by the
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enegades 71University of Washington
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enegades 73out of a movie productio
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enegades 75Hank Adams personal coll
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enegades 77accustomed places.” Ad
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enegades 79Washington State Archive
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enegades 81did note that the Corps
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canoes and clashes 83Then, in 1965,
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canoes and clashes 85exercising his
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canoes and clashes 87Years later, a
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canoes and clashes 89Hank Adams per
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canoes and clashes 91Game Departmen
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Chapter 7As Long as the Rivers RunM
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as long as the rivers run 95to enfo
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as long as the rivers run 97and res
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as long as the rivers run 99Luther
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as long as the rivers run 101to the
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as long as the rivers run 103Hank A
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as long as the rivers run 105disord
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as long as the rivers run 107Bridge
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as long as the rivers run 109months
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takeovers 111proclamation, “To th
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takeovers 113television that she wo
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takeovers 115grandfather. The hope
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takeovers 117Hank Adams personal co
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takeovers 119should not be denied.
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takeovers 121“I never knew D.C. f
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takeovers 123Washington State Libra
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takeovers 125Willie Frank Sr. watch
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takeovers 127hands were tied—Fran
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the shelf life of treaties 129great
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the shelf life of treaties 131“He
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the shelf life of treaties 133inten
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the shelf life of treaties 135North
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the shelf life of treaties 137witne
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the shelf life of treaties 139“We
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the shelf life of treaties 141peopl
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storm143A U.S. marshal removes an e
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storm145Strait of Juan de Fuca. The
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storm147It was nine o’clock in th
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150stormIn the summer of 1976, Jim
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152stormThe engine of the Alaskan R
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154stormIn 1976, as the nation cele
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156stormThe year 1977 was punctuate
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158stormGeorgiana Kautz personal co
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160stormsoftball in tournaments in
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162stormIf a silver lining followed
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164the politics of salmonWashington
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166the politics of salmonstood at a
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168the politics of salmonAccording
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170the politics of salmon1976, ille
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172the politics of salmonkeeping ta
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174the politics of salmonPost decla
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176bridge builderDick Baldwin, Wash
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178bridge builderattended a myriad
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180bridge builderto see Indians in
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182bridge builderappeal process tha
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184bridge builderThings started to
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186bridge builderAlthough most peop
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188bridge buildergroups acknowledge
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Chapter 13ResilienceBilly is someti
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192resilienceBilly Frank Jr. person
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194resilienceOn June 17, 1983, Will
Page 207 and 208: 196resilienceto rest here. He never
Page 209 and 210: 198resiliencesays. “One friend, h
Page 211 and 212: Chapter 14The NegotiatorThe 1980s f
Page 213 and 214: 202the negotiatormigrated up the co
Page 215 and 216: 204the negotiatorpretty fast once w
Page 217 and 218: 206the negotiatorFish and Wildlife
Page 219 and 220: 208the negotiatorIn August 1989, th
Page 221 and 222: 210clear creek hatcheryJoe Kennedy,
Page 223 and 224: 212clear creek hatcheryPuget Sound
Page 225 and 226: 214clear creek hatcheryhatchery in,
Page 227 and 228: 216clear creek hatcheryIn Salmon Wi
Page 229 and 230: 218submergedHank Adams personal col
Page 231 and 232: 220submergedHank Adams personal col
Page 233 and 234: 222submergedKeefe says. “Now, the
Page 235 and 236: Chapter 17The Tough GuyAlong with h
Page 237 and 238: 226the tough guythe former governor
Page 239 and 240: 228the tough guyconvinced that oust
Page 241 and 242: 230the tough guySecond, and perhaps
Page 243 and 244: Chapter 18“You were always there
Page 245 and 246: 234“you were always there for me
Page 247 and 248: 236“you were always there for me
Page 249 and 250: 238the catalystHank Adams personal
Page 251 and 252: 240the catalystHank Adams personal
Page 253 and 254: 242the catalystconferences, he urge
Page 255 and 256: 244the catalystBilly Frank Jr. won
Page 257: 246the catalystBilly sat at the U-s
Page 261 and 262: 250operation chainsmokerIndian land
Page 263 and 264: 252operation chainsmokerFrank’s L
Page 265 and 266: 254operation chainsmoker“Understa
Page 267 and 268: 256hard truthsThe invisible killer
Page 269 and 270: 258hard truthskills typically symbo
Page 271 and 272: 260hard truthstheir negotiations st
Page 273 and 274: 262hard truthsThe only people that
Page 275: 264hard truthsnumber of pups has tr
Page 278 and 279: Chapter 22Dreams and LegaciesSomewh
Page 280 and 281: dreams and legacies 269Northwest In
Page 282 and 283: dreams and legacies 271contribution
Page 284 and 285: dreams and legacies 273are just att
Page 286 and 287: dreams and legacies 275The rocky hi
Page 288 and 289: dreams and legacies 277has also imp
Page 290 and 291: dreams and legacies 279Sugar and Wi
Page 292 and 293: dreams and legacies 281Painting com
Page 294 and 295: AcknowledgmentsI count my blessings
Page 296 and 297: Billy Frank Jr. Family TreeThe tree
Page 298 and 299: illy frank jr. family tree 287Frank
Page 300 and 301: illy frank jr. family tree 289McClo
Page 302 and 303: illy frank jr. family tree 291Henry
Page 304 and 305: source notes 293Chapter 1. Spirit o
Page 306 and 307: Chapter 3. Survivalsource notes 295
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Chapter 7. As Long as the Rivers Ru
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Chapter 9. The Shelf Life of Treati
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source notes 301was a lawyer”: Wa
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source notes 303“He’s made hims
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Chapter 20. Operation Chainsmokerso
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Select BibliographyInterviews and O
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select bibliography309Seattle: Univ
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select bibliography311U.S. Fish & W
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index 313153, 164, 165, 168-173, 17
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index 315Frank, Mary Miles 51, 286F
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index 317153, 165, 169, 171, 176-18
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index 319Prince William Sound 9, 24
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index 321United States Fish and Wil
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