From the time notification <strong>of</strong> an audit isreceived, it will also be important for theglobal or regional tax/transfer <strong>pricing</strong>team to demonstrate their strong supportfor management <strong>of</strong> the local entity48 <strong>Transfer</strong> Pricing Perspectives. October 2011Support local managementFrom the time notification <strong>of</strong> an audit isreceived, it will also be important for theglobal or regional tax/transfer <strong>pricing</strong> teamto demonstrate their strong support formanagement <strong>of</strong> the local entity, who willactually be meeting with the examinationteam on a day-to-day basis. This supportgenerally comes in two parts:• Ensuring local management that theglobal and/or regional tax/transfer<strong>pricing</strong> team is available at all times toprovide information, answer questions,or assist with the audit in any otherway that may be required duringthe audit process. Invariably, whilelocal management are <strong>of</strong>ten quitecomfortable negotiating with the taxauthorities in relation to income tax,withholding tax, or sales tax issues, theyare <strong>of</strong>ten less confident about discussingtransfer <strong>pricing</strong> issues, an area aboutwhich they may feel less knowledgeable.Consequently, the knowledge thatglobal and/or regional tax/transfer<strong>pricing</strong> teams are ready, willing, andable to help at any time can greatlysmooth the management <strong>of</strong> transfer<strong>pricing</strong> queries from the examinationteam as they arise during the course <strong>of</strong>the audit.• Providing local management withguidance about the transfer <strong>pricing</strong>issues that are likely to arise during theaudit process (<strong>of</strong>ten based on experiencewith audits in other jurisdictions) andhow questions about those issues shouldbe answered. The issues raised willdiffer among taxpayers, but typicallycover: unusual pr<strong>of</strong>it/loss results;transfer <strong>pricing</strong> policies outside <strong>of</strong>what is typically seen in the industry;management services charges; businessrestructuring transactions; treatment<strong>of</strong> intangibles; and problems arisingfrom implementation <strong>of</strong> stated transfer<strong>pricing</strong> policies.Although it is expected that discussions<strong>of</strong> this kind with local management willbe held regularly as part <strong>of</strong> the generaldevelopment and implementation <strong>of</strong>transfer <strong>pricing</strong> policies within an MNC,it is helpful to reiterate these pointsagain once the start <strong>of</strong> an audit has beennotified by the examination team. This isparticularly the case in countries where thepenalties for tax or transfer <strong>pricing</strong> noncompliancemay have adverse consequenceson business operations, such as loss <strong>of</strong>customer confidence or reputation in themarketplace, or regulatory implications.Developing and maintaining a strongrelationship with local management willensure that transfer <strong>pricing</strong> questionsraised by the examination team, includingrequests for information that are likelyto lead to transfer <strong>pricing</strong> questions, arebrought to the attention <strong>of</strong> the global orregional tax/transfer <strong>pricing</strong> team as earlyas possible. It should also ensure that thereare no inaccurate explanations <strong>of</strong> transfer<strong>pricing</strong> policies to the examination team,which will be difficult to correct at a laterstage in the audit process.
Proactive preparation<strong>Transfer</strong> <strong>pricing</strong> audits are inevitably timeandresource-consuming, and <strong>of</strong>ten involvethe preparation and submission <strong>of</strong> copiousamounts <strong>of</strong> documents and informationto the examination team. Consequently,advance preparation <strong>of</strong> such information,however limited, can help to relievepressure on staff resources once the audithas started. This will give more time for thetaxpayer to focus on audit strategy duringthe audit itself, without losing valuabletime to preparation <strong>of</strong> documentation forsubmission that could have been preparedin advance.Where there are specific documentationrules in a particular jurisdiction, thetransfer <strong>pricing</strong> information to besubmitted may be clear and is likely to bereadily available (in the form <strong>of</strong> transfer<strong>pricing</strong> documentation). In contrast, wherethere are no formal documentation rules,it may be more difficult to know exactlywhat information the examination teamwill request to be submitted. Nevertheless,an experienced advisor should be ableto provide a summary <strong>of</strong> the typicallyrequested information to enable certainadvance preparation. Even where thereis a clear documentation requirement ina particular jurisdiction, an experiencedadvisor should be able to confirm whatadditional information, if any, is also likelyto be requested by the examination team.In addition to documentation that mayneed to be submitted to the examinationteam, advance preparation may alsocover briefing interviews with keymembers <strong>of</strong> local management whoare likely to be called for interviewsduring the audit process. The purpose <strong>of</strong>these briefings should be (i) to alleviatepotential uncertainty that the prospectiveinterviewees may be experiencing, (ii)to reassure those interviewees that theywill likely be able to answer questionsasked, and that if they cannot answer, it isperfectly reasonable and expected to sayso, and (iii) to define the one or two keymessages that need to be communicatedto the examination team. Indeed, it isimportant that interviewees are notoverloaded with “points to remember,” asany advantage to having the briefing maywell be lost in such cases.Develop a strategy for meetingswith the examination teamA common response from global or regionaltax/transfer <strong>pricing</strong> management in theevent <strong>of</strong> an audit in a local jurisdiction isto request a meeting with the examinationteam themselves, to explain the group’stransfer <strong>pricing</strong> policies in person.Although this desire is understandable (andmay be appropriate in certain situations)given that overseas management is likelyto have the best understanding andoverview <strong>of</strong> those policies, it is <strong>of</strong>ten notthe preferred strategic approach, even if thecommon practical difficulties <strong>of</strong> languagecan be overcome.In the case <strong>of</strong> a general tax audit,particularly in countries where such auditsoccur on a cyclical or regular basis, theattendance <strong>of</strong> overseas management atan audit meeting can raise questions andmay even create confusion in what wouldotherwise be a regular audit process. Inaddition, in many countries where status isa critical part <strong>of</strong> the business environment,such as parts <strong>of</strong> Asia, attendance byoverseas senior management at an auditmeeting may require the examinationteam in turn to bring their seniorpersonnel to attend the meeting as well.Raising the pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> the audit process toa higher level within the tax authoritiesin this way may not necessarily be therecommended approach.On the other hand, there are somejurisdictions where it may well behelpful for overseas tax/transfer <strong>pricing</strong>management to attend one or moreaudit meetings as a sign <strong>of</strong> respect forthe examination team. The timing anddiscussion content <strong>of</strong> such meetings,however, should be discussed well inadvance with experienced advisors whohave a good understanding <strong>of</strong> the localaudit environment. Questions to considerinclude: Should the meeting be arrangedas a brief “courtesy” meeting only? Shouldit be held at the company’s <strong>of</strong>fice or thetax authorities’ building? Is translationnecessary? If so, should it be consecutiveor simultaneous translation (both <strong>of</strong>which have different strategic advantagesand disadvantages)? Such questions areall relevant to the establishing <strong>of</strong> a goodworking relationship with the local taxauthorities, which is a critical factor inmanaging the audit process.<strong>Transfer</strong> Pricing Perspectives. October 201149