Turn of the Century - Fort Huachuca - U.S. Army

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Arizona squadron of the 1st Volunteer Cavalry, he was made a major, and eventually lieutenantcolonel, of the regiment. In 1902 he was elected governor of Arizona Territory. His formercommander in the Rough Riders was in the White House.Lessons for a New Century“A Splendid Little War!” That was how Secretary of State John Hay characterized the warwith Spain and, sarcasm aside, it works fairly well as a definition. The overall performance of theAmerican fighting man, if their officers’ opinions carried any weight, could only be termed“splendid.” the same word could be applied to the outcome, a quick and thankful victory for aU.S. Army that was woefully unprepared for prosecuting a war far from American shores. Thewar was “little” in terms of its duration and scope, especially as compared to the conflagrations ofthe coming century. 80 But the Spanish American War had a far larger meaning for the U.S.Army of the 20th century. It alerted military leaders to the need for reform, professionalism andmodernization if the U.S. were to maintain its newly bestowed status of “world power.”The Army, which only a few years before had garrisoned the American West, was nowstationed around the world. The size of the Arm rose steadily from its pre-war 28,000 Indianfightingconstabulary to 80,670 after the war and 108,399 by 1916. This shows a shift inAmerican policy from the isolationism of the 19th century to a gradually increasing involvementin world affairs. The Army’s new mission of protecting American interests abroad would requirereorganization and modernization.The scaffolding for reform was already in place. Army Captain Emory Upton and NavyAdmiral Mahan had been writing about this for the last 20 years. It only remained for a newSecretary of War, Elihu Root, to clear away the bureaucratic infighting that had hobbled earlierefforts at reorganization. The result was a structure that in its essentials survived over the nextcentury: A Chief of Staff who reported to the president with a general staff that managed thespecialized areas that a modern Army required. Called the “Managerial Revolution” by historianWalter Millis, the general staff system officially came into being on 14 February 1903. Aforerunner of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was also put in place in the form of a Joint Army-NavyBoard.Many of the men who commanded in Cuba,, Puerto Rico and the Philippines would lead theU.S. Army into the 20 th century and into the realm of military professionalism. Army Chiefs ofStaff who served in that war were: Samuel Baldwin Marks Young, Adna Romanza Chaffee,John Coalter Bates, James Franklin Bell, Leonard Wood, William W. Wotherspoon, Hugh LenoxScott, Tasker Howard Bliss, Peyton Conway March, John Joseph Pershing, and John LeonardHines.116 HUACHUCA ILLUSTRATED
Portrait of Leonard Wood by Irving Resnikoff, U.S. Army Art Collection.The fifth of these chiefs was Leonard Wood, a man who had not forgotten the confusion of the1898 ports of embarkation and the improvised tactics of that day before San Juan Heights.Serving Presidents Taft and Wilson from 1910 to 1914, he became a steadfast proponent ofpreparedness. In 1916 he published Our Military History in which he articulated his goals for theA MAGAZINE OF THE FORT HUACHUCA MUSEUM117
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Turn of the Century at Fort Huachuc
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There was an aggregate of 3,506 off
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There’s always gambling after pay
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cacti of the Arizona desert made it
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Two years later there was more exci
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A MAGAZINE OF THE FORT HUACHUCA MUS
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Historical perspective tells us tha
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pursue, capture or destroy any host
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“Lieutenant James M. Watson, Tent
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TimelineIn 1887 an earthquake start
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In 1895 there were 27,495 men in th
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Slim Jim, the Apache Kid, and an un
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Rowdy “loved campaigning and figh
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spent in these would be a total los
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Clark, Carrie Anna, the postmistres
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Interior of the officer’s quarter
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In July 1894, troops of the 24th In
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“Aunt Leona and Cyril in snow, Fo
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“Our Christmas Tree, 1894, Fort H
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Group of officers at Huachuca in 18
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“Croquet Ground, 1894.”A troop
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Officers and ladies on a picnic at
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large formations, train and equip t
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Charles Johnson Post, Embarking for
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The experience is said to have taug
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and of mistreating Filipino prisone
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Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler.60 HUACHUC
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Brig. Gen. S.S. Sumner62 HUACHUCA I
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two determined attacks by the enemy
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Page 68 and 69: Marchbanks, for having his horse sh
Page 70 and 71: Shafter took instead the advice of
Page 72 and 73: position and Santiago de Cuba. They
Page 74 and 75: In the front row, from left to righ
Page 76 and 77: would have been more apparent.Gener
Page 78 and 79: A sketch of life in the Cuba campai
Page 80 and 81: El CaneyLawton, with his 5,400-man
Page 82 and 83: El Caney, Cuba, from the stone fort
Page 84 and 85: of some 8,000 men moving down unkno
Page 86 and 87: Spanish blockhouse on San Juan Hill
Page 88 and 89: ack into the city. There were block
Page 90 and 91: have been. They walked to greet dea
Page 92 and 93: The top generals confer before the
Page 94 and 95: Guanico along the southeastern coas
Page 96 and 97: Writing to a friend, Sergeant Major
Page 98 and 99: The regimental crest of the 25th In
Page 100 and 101: The 25th Infantry leaving San Franc
Page 102 and 103: different organizations at this tim
Page 104 and 105: African-American cavalrymen at San
Page 106 and 107: who avenged the death of Lieutenant
Page 108 and 109: There were dozens of casualties amo
Page 110 and 111: One of the recurring themes of thei
Page 112 and 113: William H. SmithShipp commanded Ind
Page 114 and 115: Col. Samuel M. Whitside, seated in
Page 118 and 119: American Army.We need a highly effi
Page 131 and 132: Renowned military author, educator,
Page 133 and 134: with a machete. 82Model 1892 Colt r
Page 135 and 136: Model 1911 .45 caliber pistol.A MAG
Page 137 and 138: the Manila operations. A treaty was
Page 139 and 140: cows and horses where there are now
Page 141 and 142: A map of the railroad into Fort Hua
Page 143 and 144: o’clock. We work until 4 o’cloc
Page 145 and 146: Commissary Office and Storehouse wi
Page 147 and 148: Quartermaster’s workshop with “
Page 149 and 150: An officer’s family on their lawn
Page 151 and 152: A view of the post hospital from Gr
Page 153 and 154: Troops of the 6th Cavalry stand at
Page 155 and 156: 1901.01.00.009 Barracks row at Fort
Page 157 and 158: “Fancy Dress Ball” at Fort Huac
Page 159 and 160: Officers of the 5th Cavalry and lad
Page 161 and 162: Officers of the 5th Cavalry at Fort
Page 163 and 164: Civilian employees’ quarters in 1
Page 165 and 166: Men of the 9th Cavalry wearing Maso
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A view of Fort Huachuca in 1916. U.
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First car at Fort Huachuca, about 1
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Post Office and Bowling Alley at Fo
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Mounted troops from Troop D, 14th C
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was reelected president, defeating
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Brownsville, Texas, in which one wh
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lectured in February that “it is
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of. 87An idea of the whirlwind soci
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Roll Call: Sam Kee—Cantonese Paym
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Roll Call: Colonel John C. Gresham
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Digital montage of U.S. Army intell
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During the 1890s, the MID accomplis
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Secretary of War Elihu Root with me
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partially by the church); on the ea
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16 Quoted in Trask, David F., The W
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56 Glass, p. 116.57 Glass, pp. 119-
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sounded a claarion call for a profe
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Turn of the Century - Fort Huachuca - U.S. Army

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