Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank ... - IMS
Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank ... - IMS
Part-of-Speech Tagging Guidelines for the Penn Treebank ... - IMS
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4PROBLEMATICCASES EXAMPLES:blazeout/INinto/INspace 10<br />
comeout/IN<strong>of</strong>/IN<strong>the</strong>woodwork lookup/INto/TOsomeone because/IN<strong>of</strong>/INherlatearrival<br />
prepositions(IN). Aboutandaroundwhenusedtomean\approximately"shouldbetaggedasadverbs(RB),notas toplanton/INinto/INspring<br />
Close(r)andnear(er)incollocationwithtoshouldbetaggedasadverbs(RB),notasprepositions(IN). shouldbetaggedasanadverb(RB)|orasaparticle(RP)(see\RBorRP"). Ifaputativeprepositionisnotassociatedwithanexplicitlyexpressedobjectanywherein<strong>the</strong>clause,it<br />
INorRPEXAMPLE:<br />
We'lljusthavetodowithout/RB.<br />
awordisaparticle.Afterbrieydiscussing<strong>the</strong>syntacticproperties<strong>of</strong>prepositions,wegivesome diagnostictests<strong>for</strong><strong>the</strong>distinctionbetweenprepositionsandparticles. Bothprepositionsandparticlesoccurincollocationwithverbsandare<strong>of</strong>tendiculttodistinguishfrom oneano<strong>the</strong>r.Itisimportanttorealizethat<strong>the</strong>idiomaticity<strong>of</strong>acollocationisnotafoolpro<strong>of</strong>criterionthat Asnotedabove(\INorRB"),prepositionsaregenerallyassociatedwithanimmediatelyfollowingnoun phrase.However,<strong>the</strong>ymaybe\stranded,"i.e.<strong>the</strong>irobjectmayoccurat<strong>the</strong>beginning<strong>of</strong>aclausera<strong>the</strong>r thanimmediatelyfollowing<strong>the</strong>preposition.Forinstance,in<strong>the</strong>examplesbelow,<strong>the</strong>strandedprepositions atandagainstareassociatedwith<strong>the</strong>pictureandwhat,respectively. EXAMPLES:<strong>the</strong>picture(which/that)wewilllookat/INnext<br />
precedeano<strong>the</strong>r(tocountsasaregularprepositioninthiscontext),asin<strong>the</strong>examplesbelow.Tobe Prepositionsmayalsoimmediatelyprecedeprepositionalphrases.Thismeansthatoneprepositioncan Hedoesn'tknowwha<strong>the</strong>isupagainst/IN.<br />
taggedasINra<strong>the</strong>rthanasRP,aputativeprepositionmustbemorecloselyassociatedwith<strong>the</strong>following prepositionalphrasethanwith<strong>the</strong>verb. EXAMPLES:blazeout/INinto/INspace comeout/IN<strong>of</strong>/IN<strong>the</strong>woodwork lookup/INto/TOsomeone because/IN<strong>of</strong>/INherlatearrival<br />
Ifaputativeprepositionisnotassociatedwithanobjectanywherein<strong>the</strong>clause,itshouldbetaggedei<strong>the</strong>r takemillions<strong>of</strong>dollarsout/IN<strong>of</strong>/INcirculation<br />
asaparticle(RP)|orasanadverb(RB)(see\RBorRP"). (cf.*takeoutmillions<strong>of</strong>dollars<strong>of</strong>circulation)<br />
Awordisaparticle(RP)ra<strong>the</strong>rthanapreposition(IN): ifitcanei<strong>the</strong>rprecedeorfollowanounphraseobject. EXAMPLE: shetoldherfriendso/RP.<br />
Shetoldo/RPherfriends;
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