Length-weight relationship of fishes from Anambra ... - Zoo-unn.org

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INYANG, Nicholas Mathias and NWANKWO, Enyinnaya Lewechi19Table 1: Influence of temperature on the rate of oxygen consumption (Q) and weightspecificoxygen consumption (QW -1 ) of S. floweri (n = 60, mean weight = 25.5 + 10.59g)Temperature ( 0 C)Q(mg O 2 h -1 )QW -1(µg O 2 g -1 h -1 )16 1.62 ± 0.04 32.6 ± 0.8121 1.22 ± 0.03 25.5 ± 0.5926 3.27 ± 0.03 84.3 ± 0.7731 3.88 ± 0.02 56.9 ± 0.2232 3.22 ± 0.01 72.6 ± 0.30Table 2: Influence of sex on oxygen consumption at different temperaturesQW -1(µg O 2 g -1 h -1 )Temperature ( 0 C) Male Female16 38.7 30.521 34.0 37.026 60.6 62.031 60.0 57.532 67.7 62.2N Mean weight (g) Weight rangeMale 22 25.0 ± 0.70 (24 – 26g)Female 14 24.5 ± 5.16 (15 – 30 g)Table 3: Influence of size/weight on oxygen consumption at 30 0 CWet weight (g)Q(mg O 2 h -1 )QW -1(µg O 2 g -1 h -1 )44 2.90 65.950 3.03 60.660 3.20 53.380 3.98 49.890 4.15 46.1110 4.73 43.0Average 3.66 53.10Correlation coefficient (r) 1.01 -0.95Table 4: Effect of pH on oxygen consumption of S. floweri (n = 14, weight range = 24.0 –27.0 g, mean weight = 25.1 + 1.0 g)pHQ(mg O 2 h -1 )QW -1(µg O 2 g -1 h -1 )4 3.08 ± 0.02 57.0 ± 0.316 4.51 ± 0.01 92.1 ± 0.257 3.79 ± 0.03 75.7 ± 0.498 3.05 ± 0.01 61.0 ± 0.0410 2.63 ± 0.01 54.8 ± 0.27Effect of size/weight on oxygenconsumption of S. floweri: The rate (Q) andweight-specific oxygen consumption (QW -1 ) ofcrabs of different weight at 30 0 C are shown inTable 3. While the rate of oxygen consumptionincreased with increase in weight and size of thecrabs, the weight-specific oxygen consumptiondecreased with weight (Table 3). The rate ofoxygen consumption was strongly and positivelycorrelated with the weight of the crabs (r =1.01). A negative inverse relationship (r = -0.95) between the rate of oxygen consumptionand the unit weight of the crabs was obtained.A regression analysis of the relationshipbetween the oxygen consumption and theweight of the crabs gave the following equation:
Oxygen consumption rate of crab20O 2 = -0.308W 0.469 (O 2 = oxygen consumption;W = weight (g)). The average oxygenconsumption per unit weight (g) per hour was53.1 µg O 2 g -1 h -1 .Effect of pH on oxygen consumption: Therate of oxygen consumption increased sharplyfrom 3.08 ± 0.02 mg O 2 h -1 at pH 4 to 4.51 ±0.01 at pH 6. It then decreased to 3.79 ± 0.03at pH 7 and to 3.05 ± 0.01 and 2.63 ± 0.01 atpH 8 and 10 respectively. Death occurred at pH11.5 after 30 minutes.The weight-specific oxygenconsumption (QW -1 ) followed the same trend asQ with a peak value of 92.1 ± 0.25 µg O 2 g -1 h -1also at pH 6 (Table 4).DISCUSSIONIt is well known that poikilothermous animalssurvive within definite temperature ranges. ForS. floweri the survival temperature range wasbetween > 14.5 0 C and < 34.5 0 C. Thermaldeath occurred at 14.50 C and 34.50 Crespectively. Thermal death according toSchmidth-Nielson (1977) could be because ofinactivation of enzymes at rates exceeding theirformation rate or the depletion or accumulationof certain intermediary metabolic productswhose formation and transport are temperaturedependent. Wolvekamp and Waterman (1969)also stated that high temperature reduces thebinding capacity of copper containing bloodpigment (haemocyanin), thus depriving theanimals of sufficient oxygen to survive. It istherefore possible that death at the upper lethaltemperature (34.5 0 C) could have been due toasphyxiation. Death at the lower thermaltemperature (≤ 14.5 0 C) could be due to theinactivation of enzymes and accumulation oftoxic metabolic products in the body of theanimal, making it impossible for the crabs tosurvive.Effect of Temperature: The metabolic rate ofcrustaceans depends on a number of internaland external variables. Temperature is one ofthe external factors that influences the lifepattern of poikilothermous animals. Itinfluences the animals directly and indirectly.Johnson et al. (1954) interprets the direct effectof temperature on organisms in terms ofactivation energies of key biochemical reactions.Temperature affects the organisms indirectlythrough its effect on the metabolic rate of theorganism. A change of external temperatureresults in a change of oxygen consumption(metabolic rate). In S. floweri oxygenconsumption was positively correlated withtemperatures between 16 0 C and 31 0 C. At 310 C the oxygen consumption was about 2.4 timesgreater than at 16 0 C. The relationship betweenoxygen consumption and temperature has beenattributed to the physiological processes andreactions taking place in the animal’s body. McMohon et al. (1978) also explained the patternof increase of metabolic rate with temperatureas a result of branchial water flow to supplyextra oxygen demand in the crab, Cancermagister.The average temperature coefficient(Q 10 ) of 1.0 recorded at 30 0 C for S. floweri wasless than those of other tropical crabs studied:Sesarma ricordi (1.6 – 2.2) and Uca mordax (2.0– 2.5) at 25 0 C – 35 0 C respectively (Scholanderet al., 1953). This may be due to the habitatsof the crabs, since according to Ayers (1938)the rate of oxygen consumption in severalestuarine crabs studied increased as the habitatbecame more terrestrial. While Sesarma recordiis a terrestrial crab, Sudanonautes floweri is asub-terrestrial freshwater crab and U. mordax isan estuarine/marine crab. Husain andAlikhan (1979) explained that the higher rate ofoxygen consumption in terrestrial species maybe a reflection of the increased energy requiredto carry the mass of the animal in a lessbuoyant medium.Oxygen Consumption and Body Weight:The dependence of the rate of oxygen uptakeupon animal size is well documented incrustaceans (Zeuthen, 1953; Bertalanffy, 1957;Hart, 1980). The oxygen consumption of S.floweri conformed to the general rule ofmetabolism in poikilotherms which stipulatesthat metabolism increases with size (Table 3).The oxygen uptake per unit time by crustaceansas in other animal groups can be expressed asO 2 = aW b , where a and b are coefficients in thelogarithmic expression. For most crustaceansthe b value is generally between 0.67 and 1.0(Wolvekamp and Waterman, 1969). In S.floweri the b value obtained was 0.45.According to Ellenby (1951), body shape of ananimal can change the value of b from theRubner’s 0.67 rule. This probably accounted forthe deviation of our result from the 0.67 - 1.0rule.Sex Influence: The oxygen consumption rateof the male crabs was not significantly differentfrom that by the female. The result agrees with
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