Urine samples

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• Casts are collections of protein, cells, and debristhat are formed in the tubules of the kidneys.• A few hyaline casts are normal, but all othercasts need to be evaluated.• The number of casts is reported as "number andtype seen per LPF".
There are seven types of casts:• Epithelial casts:• Red cell casts : glomerular disease.• White cell casts: renal infection.• Hyaline casts:• Granular casts: significant renal disease.• Waxy casts: severe chronic renal failure.• Fatty casts: degenerative tubular disease.
Page 1 and 2: BYNoha Mostafa
Page 3 and 4: Resident Microflora of the Urethra
Page 5 and 6: • Acute urethral syndrome:Dysuria
Page 7: 2) Uncomplicated and Complicated UT
Page 11 and 12: UTIs are more frequent in women tha
Page 13 and 14: predisposing factor for UTI1- Compr
Page 15 and 16: A- Clean catch Midstreamtechnique:
Page 17 and 18: 6-The mid stream portion of the uri
Page 19 and 20: B. Catheter Collection:• Collecti
Page 21 and 22: • Catheterization for the purpose
Page 23 and 24: 2- Suprapubic aspiration:• Reserv
Page 25 and 26: D. If renal T.B. is suspected• Co
Page 27 and 28: • If delay in delivery is inevita
Page 29 and 30: Rejection criteria1- No evidence of
Page 32 and 33: (1) Describe the physical appearanc
Page 34 and 35: (2) Examine the specimenmicroscopic
Page 36 and 37: Sterile pyuria:- Renal T.B.- Renal
Page 38 and 39: • Haematuria may be found in:•
Page 40 and 41: 4-Yeast cells:• Differentiated fr
Page 42 and 43: 1-Renal tubular epithelial cells:Ne
Page 44 and 45: 3- Squamous epithelial cells: Their
Page 46 and 47: Crystals in acidic urine• Uric ac
Page 50 and 51: 8-Others• Parasites:Trichomonas v
Page 52 and 53: ** Wet preparation of fresh Centrif
Page 54 and 55: (4) Culture of the specimen:• It
Page 56 and 57: Inoculating urine with a calibrated
Page 58 and 59: for inserting calibrated loopinto t
Page 60 and 61: • Without flaming, the loop strea
Page 62 and 63: Day 2 & onwards
Page 64 and 65: 2- Estimation of bacterial number &
Page 66 and 67: N.B.• Colony count 10² C.F.U./ m
Page 68 and 69: Screening methods• As many as 60-
Page 70 and 71: Gram stain• is the easiest, least
Page 72 and 73: Leukocyte Esterase Test• Mechanis
Page 75: Thank You

Urine samples

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