The Applications of Chemical Analyses of Sediments and Soils in ...
The Applications of Chemical Analyses of Sediments and Soils in ...
The Applications of Chemical Analyses of Sediments and Soils in ...
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An underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> physical, chemical <strong>and</strong> biological <strong>in</strong>teractions <strong>and</strong> theirimplications is necessary <strong>in</strong> order to use or develop the most suitable analytical methodfor any specific problem <strong>in</strong> environmental control.METAL INPUTIt has become almost universally recognised that civilized man through his everyday activities <strong>of</strong> liv<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustrial operations has had major impact on theenvironment. Sewage can be a source <strong>of</strong> toxic metals concentrated <strong>in</strong> sewage sludge(Swa<strong>in</strong>e, 1962). Use <strong>of</strong> sewage sludge <strong>and</strong> other fertilizers, pesticides <strong>and</strong> herbicides,<strong>in</strong> addition to <strong>in</strong>puts from <strong>in</strong>dustry can lead to accumulation <strong>of</strong> harmful metals <strong>in</strong>human food materials (Schafer <strong>and</strong> Kick, 1970).Construction operations, other earth mov<strong>in</strong>g operations (such as strip m<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g)<strong>and</strong> poor agricultural practices can lead to erosion <strong>of</strong> unstabilized slopes <strong>and</strong> highsuspended solids <strong>in</strong> surface run-<strong>of</strong>f. Build<strong>in</strong>gs, roads <strong>and</strong> park<strong>in</strong>g lots <strong>in</strong>terfere with<strong>in</strong>filtration <strong>of</strong> ra<strong>in</strong> water <strong>and</strong> also <strong>in</strong>crease run-<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> suspended solids content.Input to the system also orig<strong>in</strong>ate from emissions from municipal <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustrialpower <strong>and</strong> heat generat<strong>in</strong>g stations, build<strong>in</strong>g heat<strong>in</strong>g systems <strong>and</strong> combustion eng<strong>in</strong>es.<strong>The</strong>re is also <strong>in</strong>put to the environment from natural sources, such as weather<strong>in</strong>gprocesses, dissolution <strong>of</strong> m<strong>in</strong>eral anomalies, volcanic action <strong>and</strong> precipitation. <strong>The</strong>reis also some contribution through lightn<strong>in</strong>g (pr<strong>in</strong>cipally nitrates).3
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