Abstracts - Earli

of interrelations between the developments in these students’ time perspectives, school investmentand achievement, can be helpful preventing severe decline in their school investment. As adeficient investment has consequences for the school and professional career, this is quiteimportant. The participants were 1517 students from all over the Netherlands: 735 in the first yearand 782 in the second year of the lowest level of secondary school, 58% boys and 42% girls. Aself-report questionnaire was administered four times during regular class time. The data wereanalysed using multivariate latent growth curve modelling with Mplus. The analyses showed thatthe development in long term future time perspective on leisure time is negatively related with thedevelopment in school investment and academic achievement while short and long term timeperspectives on school and professional career are positively related with the development inschool investment and achievement. Both short and long term perspectives on social relations werepositively related with school investment but not with achievement.Cognitive and affective insensitivity to future consequences: An investigation of determinants ofantisocial attributes and aggressive behaviorGunnar Bjørnebekk, University of Oslo, NorwayTorgrim Gjesme, University of Oslo, NorwayDuring the last thirty years the theoretical forefront of the research on development of antisocialbehavior has been social learning theory. Few studies have focused on temperamental factors thatunderlie, determine, and maintain antisocial behavior. Some of them suggest that high approachreward-drive, weak fear-motivation, or punish®ment-insensitivity, constitute a critical mix oftemperamental variables associated with aggressive and violent behavior to individuals with highimpulsivity or low effortful or inhibitory-control (e.g. Rothbart et al. 2000). The research modelfor the present study combines the traditional dichotomous view of aggressive behavior(Berkowitz, 1993), Hare’s two-factor model of psychopathic behavior, Gray’s (1982) theory aboutthe role of reward-sensitivity and punishment insensitivity in development of antisocial behaviorwith theories of cognitive and affective insensitivity to future consequences (Damasio, 1994;Gjesme, 1981).Cognitive and affective insensitivity to future consequences are related toindividual differences in regulatory style and can explain variation in sustained pursuit of goalsand flexible shifting of action from one goal to another in individuals with similar motivation.Future time orientation is therefore expected to predict attributes to antisocial behavior negatively.The study is based on 42 adolescences, 21 of them with a defined behavioral problem, and 21ordinary ones from a matched group. The results suggest that attributes related to primarypsychopathyare rooted in temperamental low anxiety / low fear and low future time orientation,and predict both instrumental and emotional aggression. High level of dysregulation of negativeaffect is positively associated with emotional aggression via low future time orientation, attributesrelated to secondary-psychopathy and suspicion. Attributes related to psychopathic behaviormediating the relation between future time orientation and instrumental and emotional aggressivebehavior. We can therefore conclude that future time orientation is an important determinant ofantisocial attributes and aggressive behavior.– 185 –