Abstracts - Earli

individually with a sample of children and provided them with help related with the differentcomponents of the program. In this way, the amount of help that the children needed was recorded.The results showed that the most of the interventions of the instructors were directed to theprocesses related to reasoning based on the quantitative part-whole schema, wherein representingthe part-whole schema means understanding numbers as parts of each other. These results allow usto say that studies designed to facilitate word-problem solving, such as schema-based instruction,could be effectives. However, we must be aware that an important part of students would showresistance when trying to incorporate strategies that we are trying to teach it.The preconceptions and misconceptions of French students related to petroleumDal Burckin, Istanbul Technical University, TurkeyThe identification of student misconceptions in science has a research tradition stretching back 25years. While extensive efforts have been made in physics, biology, and chemistry to identifystudent misconceptions, misconception research in the earth sciences has been more limited. Forexample, students hold a surprising number of misconceptions about petroleum. This paper reportsthe findings of a survey conducted to investigate the persistence of petroleum misconceptions intoadulthood revealed many held the same ideas as elementary students, confirming the importanceof addressing younger students’ ideas during instruction.Thinking about changes in beliefs as conceptual changeBettina Roesken, University of Duisburg-Essen, GermanyPeter Liljedahl, Simon Fraser University, CanadaKatrin Rolka, University of Dortmund, GermanyIn this paper we argue that the theory of conceptual change – which is based on Kuhn’s (1970)work – can be used to describe changes in preservice teachers’ beliefs about mathematics and itsteaching and learning. In particular, the theory of conceptual change can be used to more closelyexamine instances of belief replacement. Since our specific focus in this paper is to rationalizewhy this is a fruitful theoretical framework we only give a brief presentation of data. We presentthe results of the analysis of one participant whose journal is most representative of belief change.These results are discussed according to the criteria of lived experience, belief rejection, and beliefreplacement.– 682 –