Tip Vortex Formation and Evolution to the Near Wake of a Rotor in ...

VIII AcknowledgementsThis work was performed under a sub-grant from theOhio State Foundation as part of a grant from the ArmyResearch Office. Dr. Thomas Doligalski is the AROTechnical Monitor, and Prof. A. Terry Conlisk is theOSU Principal Investigator. The authors acknowledgethe assistance of Dr. Raghav Mahalingam in this work .IX References1. Mahalingam, R., “Structure of the Near Wake of aRotor in Forward Flight and Its Effect on SurfaceInteractions”, Ph.D. Thesis, Georgia Institute ofTechnology, June 1999.2. Wong, O.D., Mahalingam, R., Tongchitpakdee, C.,Komerath, N.M., “The Near Wake Of A 2-BladedRotor In Forward Flight”, AHS AeromechanicsSpecialists Meeting, Atlanta, GA, November 2000.3. Thompson, T.L., Komerath, N.M., and Gray, R.B.,"Visualization and Measurement of the Tip VortexCore of a Rotor Blade in Hover". Journal ofAircraft, Vol. 25, No. 12, Dec. ‘88, pp. 1113 - 21.4. Komerath, N.M., Liou, S.G., Thompson, T.L., "ARemote-Aligned Off-Axis Receiving System forLaser Velocimetry in Large Facilities”.Experimental Techniques. 14, 4, July 90, 29-33.5. Brand, A.G., Komerath, N.M., and McMahon,H.M., "Results from the Laser Sheet Visualizationof an Incompressible Vortex Wake". Journal ofAircraft, Vol. 26, No. 5, May 1989, pp. 438-443.6. Brand, A.G., McMahon, H.M., and Komerath,N.M. "Correlations of Rotor/Wake - AirframeInteractions with Flow Visualization Data". Journalof the American Helicopter Society. Vol. 35, No. 4,October 1990, p. 4-15.7. Liou, S.G., Komerath, N.M., and McMahon, H.M.,"Velocity Measurements of Airframe Effects on aRotor in Low-Speed Forward Flight". Journal ofAircraft, Vol 26, No. 4, April 1989, pp. 340 - 348.8. Liou, S.G., Komerath, N.M., McMahon, H.M.,"TheVelocity Field of a Circular Cylinder in the Wakeof a Rotor in Forward Flight". Journal Aircraft, 27,9, Sep.1990, p.804-809.9. Liou, S.G., Komerath, N.M., and McMahon, H.M.,"Measurement of Transient Vortex-SurfaceInteraction Phenomena". AIAA Journal, Vol, 28,No. 6, June 1990, p. 975-981.10. Komerath, N.M., Liou, S-G., Hyun, J-S.,"Flowfield of a Swept Blade Tip at High PitchAngles". AIAA 91-0704, Meeting, Jan. '91.11. Funk, R.B., Komerath, N.M., "Rotor WakeInteraction with a Lifting Surface". Proceedings ofthe American Helicopter Society Annual Forum, Ft.Worth, TX, May 1995.12. Caradonna, F., Henley, E., Silva, M., Huang, S.,Komerath, N.M., Reddy, U., Mahalingam, R.,Funk, R., Wong, O., Ames, R., Darden, L.,Villareal, L., Gregory, J., "An Experimental Studyof a Rotor in Axial Flight". AHS Specialists'Meeting on Rotorcraft Aerodynamics andAeroacoustics, Williamsburg, VA, October 1997.13. Caradonna, F., Henley, E., Silva, M., Huang, S.,Komerath, N.M., Reddy, U., Mahalingam, R.,Funk, R., Wong, O., Ames, R., Darden, L.,Villareal, L., Gregory, J., "PerformanceMeasurements and Wake Characteristics of aModel Rotor in Axial Flight". AHS Journal, Oct.99.14. McAlister, K.W., “Measurements in the Near Wakeof a Hovering Rotor”, AIAA 96-1958, FluidDynamics Conference, June 1996.15. McAlister, K.W., Schuler, C.A., Branum, L., Wu,J.C., "3-D Measurements Near a Hovering Rotorfor Determining Profile and Induced Drag", NASATP 3577, ATCOM Technical Report 95-A-006.16. Leishman, J.G., Baker, A., Coyne, A.,"Measurement of Rotor Tip Vortices Using Three-Component Laser Doppler Velocimetry", AHSAeromechanics Specialists Conference, Oct.1995.17. Jain, R., Conlisk, A.T., ``Interaction of Tip-Vortices in the Wake of a Two-Bladed Rotor inAxial Flight'', Journal of the American HelicopterSociety, no. 3, July 2000, pp. 157-164.18. Mahalingam, R., Wong, O.D., Komerath, N.M.,“Experiments on the Origins of Tip-Vortices”,AIAA Paper 2000-0278, Reno, NV, January 2000.19. Mahalingam, R., Komerath, N.M., “Measurementsof the Near Wake of a Rotor in Forward Flight”,AIAA 98-0692, January 1998.20. Mahalingam, R., Komerath, N.M.,“Characterization of the Near Wake of aHelicopter”, AIAA 98-2909, Fluid DynamicsConference, June 1998.21. Dring, R.P., Casper, J.R., Suo, M., “ParticleTrajectories in Turbine Cascades”, Journal ofEnergy, Vol. 3, No. 3, May-June 1979, pp. 161-6.22. Dring, R.P., “Sizing Criteria for Laser AnemometryParticles”, Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 104,March 1982, pp. 15-17.23. Dring, R.P., Suo, M., “Particle Trajectories inSwirling Flows”, Journal of Energy, Vol. 2, No. 4,July-August 1978, pp. 232-237.24. Kriebel, A.R., “Particle Trajectories in a GasCentrifuge”, Journal of Basic Engineering, Vol. 83,No. 3, September 1961, pp. 333-340.25. Leishman, J.G., “Seed Particle Dynamics in TipVortex Flows”, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 33, No. 4,July-August 1996, pp. 823-825.26. Komerath, N.M., Thompson, T.L., Kwon, O.J., andGray, R.B., "The Velocity Field of a Lifting ModelRotor Blade in Hover". Journal of Aircraft, Vol.25, No.3, March 1988, pp. 250 - 257.Copyright © American Helicopter Society. Presented at the 57 th AHS Forum, June 2001