Annual Report 1961 - BEEP

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-68-Table 23.Tons cane per arpent* under spray and surface irrigation.Free SoilsGravelly Soils1958 1959 <strong>1961</strong> Average 1958 1959 <strong>1961</strong> AverageSpray Irrigation 33.6 41.0 38.3 37.6 27.7 29.1 30.5 29.1Surface 35.7 43.3 37.5 38.8 27.3 31.2 28.1 28.9• The cane yields have been corrected for initial fertility differences existing in the fields prior to experimentation.Gravelly soilsFree soils2 "12 ~1>0100~II ,'1>~x~200zz-~~z1>0'1>..... 100z~"z17'~~ "0z;ẓx1>x",'0'00" 0 'a 20 1> '0"1 I M e IN WEE KS7 ,°ID"TIME IN WEEKS20 10Fig. 23.Elongation. weekly intervalsDotted line: overhead irrigationPlain line: surface irrigationFig. 24.Elongation. weekly intervalsDotted line: overhead irrigationPlain line: surface irrigation2. Determination of Water Requirement(a) Bouyoucos Method. Plaster cells wereplaced in the experimental fields at depths of6 inches and 12 inches in order to use thevariations in soil moisture as a guide to irri-gat ion needs, It was observed that while therewas a elose relation between soil humidity ata depth of 6 inches and growth rate of thecanes, the soil moisture at 12 inches gave noindication as to the water requirement of theplant. In many cases, however, when the Bouyou-
-69-cos cells at a depth of 6" indicated 60 % availablemoisture, growth rate decreased, revealing awater shortage.Further studies are being carried out inorder to determine the depth at which theplaster cells should be placed in different soiltypes.Under local conditions, however, the use ofplaster cells in connection with large scaleirrigation schemes is of limited value due tothe fact that short inconspicuous leads have tobe used so as to reduce theft by field labourers,and this renders the regular moisture readingsdifficult for the irrigation officer.(b) Waler Balance Method. This methodis based on the assumption that water lost byevapotranspiration can be estimated by measuringthe evaporation from an open watersurface under similar conditions of environment.It is difficult to establish a correction factorfor converting the evaporation measurementsinto corresponding evapotranspiration becauseon one hand, the water removed from the soildepends on the physiological condition of theplant as well as on the coverage of the leafcanopy and, on the other hand, the evaporationfigures depend on the type of evaporimeterused.Comparative data have been obtained fromthree types of evaporimeters, viz. (I) the StandardTank of the Research Committee Institute ofCivil Engineers recommended by Penman;(2) the U. S. Weather Bureau Standard Tank(3) the «Irrigation Indicator» made by WrightRain Limited.On dry days, the evaporation obtainedfrom the Penman Evaporimeter varied from 85 ~~to 91 ~..~ of those obtained from the U. S.Standard Evaporimeter during the periodsJune - July and October - December respectively.During the same periods, the correspondingfigures obtained from the «Irrigation Indicator»have been 60 % and 50 % respectively. Thesedifferences may be due to the effect of wind onthe instruments which vary considerably Inshape, size and exposure.In principle, water should be added tomaximum field capacity when the water removedby evapotranspiration has brought theavailable moisture to 50 % maximum retentioncapacity, due allowance being made for therainfall during the period under consideration.However, it appears from the above that thistechnique needs further investigation before itspractical value can be assessed.3. Economics of the different Irrigation SystemsThe comparative costs of water applicationby means of semi-permanent and fully mobilespraying equipments are given in Table 24.Table 24.Cost of Spray irrigation.1. Depreciation of Diesel pumping unit2. Maintenance3. Fuel consumption ...4. Lubricating oil5. Depreciation of permanent equip.6. Depreciation of mobile equip.7. Labour including mechanic8. Cost of water valued Rs. 1.00/16000 cu. ft.TOTAL COST:Semi-PermanentSystemCost per arpent inchRs. c.122o 442 10o 32o 42o 70I 76o 247 20100% MobileSystemCost per arpent inchRs. c.I 56o 682 63o 39I 562 76o 249 82
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MAURITIUS SUGAR INDUSTRYRESEARCHINS
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SUGAR MANUFACTUREI. The performance
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STAFFLISTDirectorAgronomistBotanist
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SPECIALSTUDIES FUNDThe Special Stud
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INTRODUCTIONTH E act i v it i e s o
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-11-Zlb"e, ~~J2<
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-13-M.134/32M.147/44M.31/45M.202/46
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-15-varieties cultivated in Mauriti
Page 19 and 20:
.. 18··the indications are that i
Page 21 and 22:
-20is gratifying to find confirmati
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-~ 22--CANEDISEASESThe main patholo
Page 25 and 26: .- 24·-occupying intermediate posi
Page 27 and 28: -25-Average 1958-1961 (1960 exclude
Page 29 and 30: -27-The first results obtained from
Page 31 and 32: -29-have confirmed those obtained l
Page 33 and 34: -31-on vanous aspects of sugar manu
Page 35 and 36: -33-Some of the more important rece
Page 37 and 38: Fig 12. Top . Some of the se lf-sow
Page 39 and 40: -36 ---Table 2.Year1956195719581959
Page 41 and 42: -38-(ii)Transplantation of seedling
Page 43 and 44: -40--The efficiency of selection pr
Page 45 and 46: -42--Table 8.Distribution of trials
Page 47 and 48: -44-M.253/48 - This variety, derive
Page 49 and 50: -46 --The results for the aluminium
Page 51 and 52: -48-from moisture stress and leaves
Page 53 and 54: - 50A linear relationship was found
Page 55 and 56: F ig. 19 Dwarf or multiple bud dise
Page 57 and 58: -52-Table 14.Summary of results obt
Page 59 and 60: -54-Table 17. Nurseries established
Page 61 and 62: Fig . 2] .Perfect stage of the red
Page 63 and 64: -56-Several methods have been used.
Page 65 and 66: -58-duties have been defined. The m
Page 67 and 68: -60-664 flies, all in good state an
Page 69 and 70: -61-(b)BiologyProgress was made wit
Page 71 and 72: WEEDCONTROLE. ROCHECOUSTE1. HERBICI
Page 73 and 74: -65-Table 20.Comparative efficacy o
Page 75: CULTIVATION, IRRIGATION, CLIMATE1.
Page 79 and 80: -71-It will be observed from the ab
Page 81 and 82: :rwo.: 40~~a: . J S~X>""-c L JO2 52
Page 83 and 84: -75-Table 28. Sucrose per cent cane
Page 85 and 86: -- 77--Table 32. Syrup, massecuites
Page 87 and 88: -79-A summary of the solids balance
Page 89 and 90: -81-Non-sugars like silica, starch,
Page 91 and 92: -83-Table 37.Comparison between Fil
Page 93 and 94: Fig . 27. Isolates on osrnophilic a
Page 95 and 96: -85--DOUWES OEKKER (1960) -- Report
Page 97 and 98: -87-one calculated from the pol rea
Page 99 and 100: -89~(b). THE DETER!\II\TATlO\T OF R
Page 101 and 102: -91-The Brix of the cake is obtaine
Page 103 and 104: -93-(SAINT ANTOINE, 1959) the 1st e
Page 105 and 106: o..8584,.80"j::I BR E~i~c xn s-95 -
Page 107 and 108: BY-PRODUCTS1. THE COMPOSITION OF SC
Page 109 and 110: -99-impossible to obtain a reliable
Page 111 and 112: -101--Fibre and insoluble carbohydr
Page 113 and 114: -105-of research that could lead to
Page 115 and 116: -104-REFERENCESABRAMS, J. T. (1961)
Page 117 and 118: -107-MoistureProtein (N x 6.25)Fat
Page 119: -109-ACKNOWLEDGMENTSExtraction of t
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Annual Report 1961 - BEEP

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