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Crop Harvest Report 2011PBA Slasher a cut above the restBy Larn McMurray, Research Scientist, SARDI,Clare & Kristy Hobson PBA Chickpeas, DPIVictoriaThe newly released desi chickpea,PBA Slasher was the highestyielding variety across SouthAustralian National Variety (NVT) andPulse Breeding Australia (PBA) trialsin 2010. PBA Slasher averaged 12%higher than the current recommendedascochyta blight (AB) resistant desivariety, Genesis 509 across all 6 trials.Compared with the small kabuli typesit was 6% higher than Genesis 090 (4trials) and 2% higher than Genesis 079(5 trials).Seasonal conditions were generally idealfor chickpea production in most areas in2010 with high yields, and even recordyields achieved. Rainfall was generallyabove average and fell at the right timethroughout the growing season, althoughin some areas waterlogging was an issue.Temperatures were also favourable forpulse production however for the secondyear in a row chickpea crops experiencedcool conditions during the flowering/pod set period. These conditions werenot as limiting on grain yield as seen in2009 due to the absence of a ‘Novemberheat wave’ event last year. In fact few orno major heat or frost events occurredin 2010. Despite these favourableconditions the Cockaleechie trial wasabandoned due to water logging andweed competition and results from theRudal trial were considered too variableto use due to poor establishment. TheMundulla trial was affected by waterlogging and patchy establishmentand was the lowest yielding desi trialharvested, at 1.4 t/ha. Of the remainingdesi trials, average site yields rangedfrom 2.2 t/ha at Balaklava, where highand uncontrolled AB disease pressureoccurred, to a SA and potentiallyAustralian record of 4.0 t/ha at Riverton.The highest yielding breeding line at thissite recorded a staggering 4.7 t/ha.AB disease infection affected varietyp e r f o r m a n c e a t M e l t o n ,although a podding spray wasapplied here unlike at Balaklavawhere no sprays were appliedand yield loss occurred in allvarieties. Apart from cooltemperatures during floweringand early pod fill there were veryfew other factors influencingvariety performance at the remainingsites. Establishment issues occurred inall PBA kabuli chickpea trials in 2010due to seed of some lines being sourcedfrom sites affected by the ‘November heatwave’ in 2009. Results from these siteshave not been included in the data set.The Cockaleechie kabuli trial, like thedesi trial at this site was also abandonedand the Mundulla trial was low yielding(1.0 t/ha) due to waterlogging and poorestablishment. Average site yields at theremaining two NVT sites were 2.9 t/haat Minlaton and 4.1 t/ha at Rivertonand variety performance was onlyinfluenced by cold temperatures duringthe reproductive phase. The importanceof retaining good quality seed, testingfor germination, vigour and diseasestatus and early crop monitoring werehighlighted not only in the kabuli trialslast year but also in commercial crops asa number needed to be re-sown due topoor establishment.PBA Slasher is an AB blight resistantdesi line from PBA Chickpeas, licensed toAWB Seeds and now widely available. Ithas long term yields in this state similarto the small seeded kabuli variety Genesis079 and substantially superior to allother varieties. Along with high yields,PBA Slasher has improved seed qualitycompared to the desi type Genesis 509,with larger seed size and superior seedcolour. It provides a high yielding desialternative marketing option to the smallseeded kabuli varieties.Genesis 079 like in 2009 was similaryielding to PBA Slasher in SA last year.It surprisingly was also higher yieldingthan Genesis 090 in last years longand favourable conditions with yieldadvantages ranging from 5-10%across all desi trials. Genesis079 offers high yields in SAparticularly in short growingseasons or environments. Itis less suited to high rainfalland/or long growing seasonLarn McMurray districts due to its early andmore determinate maturitypattern and its increased susceptibility tobotrytis grey mould over other varieties.Genesis 079 produces small 6-7mm sizedgrain compared with Genesis 090 whichproduces seed sized 7-8mm. Indicationsof grain price for Genesis 079 are that itwill be at the lower end of the Genesis090 price range.Genesis 090, like in 2009 was loweryielding than PBA Slasher and 079 lastyear however it was slightly higher thanGenesis 509 at most sites.In the kabuli chickpea trials (where allvarieties are sown at 35 plants per sq.m unlike 50 in the desi trials) Genesis090 was the highest yielding varietyaveraging 2% higher than Genesis 079and 6 and 7% higher than the medium tolarge sized varieties, Almaz and Genesis114 respectively. The large seededselection from Genesis 114, Genesis 115was generally 5% lower yielding thanits parent variety. The medium to largeseeded varieties have generally been15-25% lower yielding than Genesis 090in SA and their improved performancelast year highlights their need forfavourable growing conditions to obtaingood yield and seed size in this state.The lower relative yields of the largerseeded kabuli types compared with desiand small seeded kabulis needs to beconsidered along with the chances ofobtaining large seed size before decidingto grow these higher valued types in SA.More information:Larn McMurray (08) 8842 6265,larn.mcmurray@sa.gov.au30 > SARDI Crop Harvest Report 2 0 1 1
Crop Harvest Report 2011ChickpeasSA Desi & Kabuli Chickpea Variety Trial Yield Performance: 2010 (as % of site mean) and Long term (2004-2010) Average Across Sites (as % of site mean).Variety MID NORTH YORKE PENINSULA SOUTH EAST LOWER EYRE PENINSULA2010 2004-2010 2010 2004-2010 2010 2004-2010 2010 2004-2010% SitemeanTrial#% SitemeanDesi trialsGenesis 509 105 87 103 101 23 106 88 99 16 89 99 10 97 6Genesis 079# 108 97 111 11 102 102 112 8 105 110 6 111 3Genesis 090# 103 100 17 92 95 100 14 97 101 10 101 6Howzat 42 102 100 22 89 100 15 102 9 105 6PBA HatTrick 98 87 98 97 17 90 87 98 12 112 99 8 98 4PBA Slasher 124 101 113 113 19 107 104 112 13 99 111 8 112 5Sonali 58 103 98 17 94 100 12 100 7 101 5Site mean 2.23 3.95 2.87 1.72 3.58 3.38 1.64 1.35 2.26 1.53yield (t/ha)% LSD (0.05) 14.3 6.5 12.5 13 7.9 17.0Kabuli trialsAlmaz 97 91 17 96 95 12 109 96 10 96 6Genesis 079# 99 124 17 112 124 12 88 115 10 128 6Genesis 090# 106 117 17 105 113 12 98 114 10 116 6Genesis 114 95 97 17 97 101 12 111 99 10 94 6Genesis 115 95 96 6 94 98 4 91 99 3*Site meanyield (t/ha)4.08 1.4 2.86 1.45 0.96 1.99 1.18Variable results poor germinationVariable results poor germinationVariable results poor germination% LSD (0.05) 6.9 7.0 16.7Date sown 2/6 8/6 14/6 4/6 25/5 18/6 27/5 27/5Soil type SL/ CLS/ SCL/SCL/L SCL L CLS LSLiMC LiMC LiCA-O rainfall 326 483 398 338 396 327 407 317(mm)pH (H 2O) 7.3 7.7 6.2 7.7 8.1 6.6 6.5 6.6Site stressfactorsabh, ct ct ct abm, ctbgmctwl, wctwl, wctpect# Small kabuli type** = Low and variable yield due yield due to water logging and variable establishment, use caution.Soil type: S = sand, C = clay, L = loam, H = heavy, M = medium, Li = light, / = overSite Stress Factors: dl = post flowering moisture stress, abm = ascochyta blight (moderate), ht = high temperature during flowering/pod fill, w = weed competition, abh =ascochyta blight (high), bgm = botrytis grey mould, vi = virus, ct = low temperatures during flowering, pe = poor establishment, wl = waterloggingData source: SARDI/GRDC, PBA & NVT (long term data based on weighted analysis of sites and courtesy National Statistics Program).* Limited data at these sites, treat with caution.Trial#% SitemeanTrial#BalaklavaRivertonTurretfieldMeltonMinlatonMundulla**CockaleechieNo valid result water logging & weedsNo valid result water logging& weedsRudallNo valid result poor establishment% SitemeanTrial#2 0 1 1 SARDI Crop Harvest Report < 31
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