Siskiyou County California

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A HOMESTEAD IN THE CANYON

0 r ISiskiyou CountyCaliforniaBy Harold FrenchI945g SOUVENIR EDITION aISSUED BYTHE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS AND THE PANAMA-PACIFICINTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION COMMISSION OFSISKIYOU COUNTY, CALIFORNIAU [-Uw

SISKIYOU IS A SPLETŽaLSi.AFETY"SIJRIture.best a(]leforepeachable testimonyaTwenty thousandibest of reasons for b(decade. They baseproven fertility, whtime, are now beirinewcomers to sharethey point with pr(nimproved transportexploitation.Here, at the geoC§ of the Old West, w

zinElthe Klamath Lakes itern Oregon. Nearbysnow-peaks, Butte Vaa lake subsequentlyNest Mountain rang(feathered with forestimbered ridges of thThe geology ofMount Shasta and E"fire-mountains" wl2 E vents were rich in pihas added great ferXhave reached down Ifor man, plowing anzfine silt for the deglaciers still are scu'such as the celebrate(ZGarretson's, and KIblocalities.The volcanic forifrom the railway, tlIare granitic. Sedincentages of potash,Northward towarocks is noticeable Iized slates, schists, Ifrom the Salmon Mcthe entire course ofhas been taken, an> Klamath River, areMontana and MichifBetween the KlaMarble Mountain Rtion. Composed ofmercial value, this iview and from praclZ>4 The scenic attranot be appraised to(

the Klamath Lakes in the northeastern corner of Siskiyou County and SouthernOregon. Nearby, where the summer sun first glows warmly over rosysnow-peaks, Butte Valley spreads its wide expanse. Between this valley, oncea lake subsequently filled with sediments, and the Shasta Valley, the GooseNest Mountain range rises to an altitude of 8,450 feet, its shoulders thicklyfeathered with forests. Along the northern border of the county roll thetimbered ridges of the Siskiyou Mountains.The geology of this county is revealed in many interesting features.Mount Shasta and a series of other volcanic cones form a line of extinct"fire-mountains" which extend into Oregon. The lavas poured from thesevents were rich in potash, iron and lime, and their subsequent decompositionhas added great fertility to the soils of the valleys below them. Glaciershave reached down from their snowy reservoirs to perform their useful workfor man, plowing and harrowing the valleys, and spreading a top dressing offine silt for the delight and profit of the farmer of today. Five livingglaciers still are sculpturing the dome of Shasta. Numerous mineral springs,such as the celebrated Shasta Springs, Upper Soda Springs, Table Rock, Ney's,Garretson 's, and Klamath Hot Springs, burst forth from the rocks in manylocalities.The volcanic formation looms high toward the eastern horizon; westwardfrom the railway, the axes of the Scott Mountain and Salmon River rangesare granitic. Sediments washed from these eroded ridges contain high percentagesof potash, as evidenced in the fertile bottom lands of Scott Valley.Northward towards the Klamath River, the transition to metamorphicrocks is noticeable by the alteration of this strata. A belt of highly mineralizedslates, schists, porphyries and serpentine, traverses the county northerlyfrom the Salmon Mountains to the Siskiyous. Rich ore bodies are found alongthe entire course of this mineral belt, from which nearly $150,000,000 in goldhas been taken, and vasts deposits of copper, located to the north of theKlamath River, are soon to be developed upon a scale comparable only toMontana and Michigan.Between the Klamath River and its interesting tributary, Scott River, theMarble Mountain Range culminates in a castellated peak, 8,295 feet in elevation.Composed of limestone, a large mass of which is marble of high commercialvalue, this natural wonder is faseinating both from a scenic point ofview and from practical considerations of its future utility.Scenic AssetsThe scenic attractions of Siskiyou County are among its assets which cannot be appraised too high. For many years tourists and pleasure seekers havemade many pilgrimages to the great white shrine of 1lount Shasta. Althoughit is still accessible only to the hardy mountaineer, the time is near when anautomobile road will enable thousands in a season to approach its timberlineto linger there and look up to its supernal snowfields at close range.The Castle Crags, which share their glories with Shasta County, may bereadily reached from Dunsmuir in the canyon of the upper Sacramento River.Near the fountains of this famous stream are a series of seductive resortswhere the summer visitors revel in the forests and beside trout-teemingstreams. From Sisson, in the enchanting Strawberry Valley, the MeCloudRiver Railway curves around the southern spurs of Shasta to the headwatersof this famous trout stream.Northward from the watershed dividing the Sacramento and Shasta rivers,a branch line of the Southern Pacific leads to the Klamath Lake region, anoted rendezvous of sightseers and sportsmen.For the lover of a primal, forested wilderness, Yreka is the jumping-offplace where stages run daily to romantic retreats far among the virgin solitudesof the Salmon River and its mountains. Not for the tourist alone are

: tplains.these wonderlands.enjoyment of these slife in these uplandVolumes might beNo 4 iOne gifted writer tex0dancing a breakdowin this highland elystheir health in Siskienergy to the develoiMost of the peolthousand feet. Thei.berry, Squaw, Buttpasses over their wvfrom frosts which arelevated localities.lbut these soft, fleecwhich follows eachHigh up amongdeposits in her whigravel and subsoilthroughout the surirrigators of the valAn annual rainfareas ensures sufficiisnowfields makes thThe gold minerThe lumberman notships his finished pcompetitor who mufrom his gross recestock raiser. AlmoElumbering activitiesthrifty neighbors.population on the PLocal stockmen,

these wonderlands. The permanent resident of Siskiyou County has the fullenjoyment of these scenic marvels ever in view. Such an environment makeslife in these upland valleys far more worth living than in the monotonousplains.Influence of ClimateVolumes might be written extolling the bracing climate of Siskiyou County.One gifted writer tells how "its tonic ozone sets all the bubbles in the blooddancing a breakdown." But none need fear a ''breakdown'' of their healthin this highland elysium. Many who have come from other climes to build uptheir health in Siskiyou County have remained to devote their accumulatingenergy to the development of this region so rich in natural resources.Most of the people reside at elevations between two thousand and fourthousand feet. Their homes are for the most part in five broad valleys, Strawberry,Squaw, Butte, Shasta, and Scott valleys. A free circulation of airpasses over their wide expanse, protecting tender blossoms, fruit and grainfrom frosts which are dangerous in restricted mountain pockets in less favoredlocalities. Light falls of snow occur at intervals during the winter,but these soft, fleecy coverlets are quickly removed by the warm sunshinewhich follows each transient storm.up among the timbered ridges sheltering these valleys Naturedeposits in her white banks a deep store of snow, which the porous rocks,gravel and subsoil absorb as these reserves of moisture melt, flowing forththroughout the summer in never-failing streams for her beneficiaries, theirrigators of the valley lands below.An annual rainfall of from fourteen to twenty inches in the agriculturalareas ensures sufficient water for every crop, but the surplus from the meltingsnowfields makes this assurance doubly sure.Markets and Transportation FacilitiesThe gold miner of Siskiyou County has a world market for his bullion.The lumberman not only supplies the needs of a large part of California, butships his finished products eastward more advantageously than his maritimecompetitor who must deduct the cost of water transportation and rehandlingfrom his gross receipts. Greater still are the advantages of the grower andstock raiser. Almost at his door are thousands of men engaged in mining andlumbering activities. Most of the food they consume is supplied by theirthrifty neighbors. Their surplus products find a ready market in the centers ofpopulation on the Pacific Coast, as well as in Eastern localities.Local stockmen, whose herds are legion, require many thousand tons ofhay and grain. Again the Siskiyou farmer is "Johnny-on-the-spot" with hisnutritious alfalfa, barley, clover, corn, oats, timothy and wheat. What cannotbe disposed of at home is shipped at good profit to the Bay Region of CentralCalifornia. The Southern Pacific Railway hauls their bulky products toSacramento and San Francisco at rates averaging between fifteen cents andseventeen and a half cents the hundredweight. flogs and sheep travel to theseever-ready markets for about thirty-five cents a head. On a $15.00 hog thetariff would be about two and one-third cents on the dollar. When Piggygoes to market from Siskiyou County he sends back a golden eagle to his lateand elated owner as a souvenir of his net profit. It costs $2.25 a head tomarket beef cattle worth an average of $75.00, or three cents on the dollar.Good roads traverse Siskiyou County and the completion of the StateHighway has greatly facilitated the development of the districts it serves.Motor trucks are solving the problem of getting heavy machinery to themany mines which have long waited just such an innovation to enable themto open up on a dividend-paying basis. Returning to the railway, they bringthe produce of remote ranches by rapid motor transit.7

SUMMER RESORTS OF SISKIYOU-UPPER SODA SPRINGS, SHASTA SPRINGS, SISSON TAVERN, KLAMATH HOTSPRINGS AND SHASTA RETREAT.

THE OUTPUT OF SISKIYOU'S GOLD MINES TOTALS $6oo,ooo ANNUALLY. HERE ARE SHOWN THE NEW YORKCMINE, HYDRAULIC MINE NEAR FORKS Or SALMON CREEK AND A DREDGE NEAR YREKA1 0

Electric Power, Light and Telephone ServiceElectricity has stimulated the recent development of Siskiyou County toa marked degree. Several hydroelectric generating plants of higli potentialitysupply the mines and mill towns with power to operate their machinery atthe lowest possible cost. The Oregon-California Power Company, through theissuance of $6,000,000 in bonds, has constructed four great plants, two ofwhich are on the Rogue River in Oregon, one on the Klamath River near FallCreek, the fourth on Shasta River below Yreka, near Hlawkinsville. It furnishescurrent for numerous pumping plants in irrigating projects, enablinga copious flood of water to cover the valley tracts at an average total cost of$2.50 per acre each season.Electricity is widely used in hundreds of up-to-date homes for domesticpurposes, while every town is abundantly illuminated.An excellent telephone system reaches out to every hamlet. There aretwelve thousand telephones connected with the thousand miles of wire spreadlike a network over the county. In addition to these, the United States ForestService has supplemented the private lines by placing special telephones inmany isolated ranch houses in localities where the commercial lines have notyet been extended. This enables the Government foresters to safeguard thevast timber lands of Siskiyou County from fires, for the rangers are able tokeep in close touch with each other across wide gulfs of valleys and canyons.Mining, a Retrospect and ProspectSince the discovery of fabulous "diggin's" at Yreka Flat in 1851, nearly$150,000,000 in gold has been taken out of the mountains of Siskiyou County.Mlost of this has been derived from the placers along the streams pouring intothe Klamath River from Cottonwood Creek, where the railway ascends theSiskiyous en route to Oregon, down to the Salmon River watershed.Hydraulic mining is being extensively conducted along the Klamath, particularlynear Happy Camp, a historic old producer of many millions.Several dredges are at work winning the precious metal out of old-timetailing dumps. There are thousands of acres of auriferous gravel which theearly miners did not attempt to mine because their primitive methods wouldnot enable them to profitably handle these deposits. Today, hydraulic giant andmammoth dredges are beginning the new era of placer mining.Sixty per cent. of the $600,000 now produced each year from the goldmines of Siskiyou County comes from its gravel mines, the remainder fromits quarts ledges. Most famous of its gold quartz bonanzas is the BlackBear, located to the southward of Sawyer's Bar on the Salmon River. It hasproduced over $5,000,000 to date and is still yielding richly. Many otherquartz mines near Callahan's, Sawyer's Bar, Quartz Valley, Oro Fino, Scott'sBar, Happy Camp, HIamburg, humbug and Yreka are preparing for a newlease of life now that cheap power and motor transportation are greatlyreducing the cost of mining and milling.Lead ore, in the form of the sulphide. galena, has been located in largequantities near Callahan's on the upper reaches of Scott River. Northwardof the Klamath River, vast deposits of copper, containing several dollars ingold to the ton, have been blocked out. Widely known among mining menas the Dakin and Blue Lead properties, they are awaiting the completion ofa projected railway to enter the list of the world's leading producers of thered metal that is now in such steadily increasing demand.Forests and ForestryFour thousand men, one-fifth of the population of Siskiyou County, areenergetically engaged in felling its forests and converting them into the finegrainedlumber, sashes and doors, boxes and shingles, for which its mills are

noted. Fifty sawmills produce an average of 200,000,000 hoard feet annually.Under the heading of Markets was told something of the demand for theseproducts of Siskiyou's forests in the interior and how the advantage of moredirect transportation counted to the profit of the lumbermen of this county.Thus far, this legion of lumbermen has only thinned the front ranks ofthe far-reaching files of forests. Fifty billion feet remain to be cut. Patriarchalsugar pines, ponderous trunks of yellow, or Western white pines, lordlyDouglass spruces, or firs, as they are commonly called, incense cedars andthe magnificent silver firs are massed in serried ranks over the ridges ofSiskiyou County. The more accessible tracts arc held in private tenure, whilemost of the remaining areas, especially on the upper watersheds of the manyfull-flowing streams, are under time jurisdiction of the United States ForestServiee. One large reserve, the Klamath Forest, covers all the public landlying in Siskiyou County that drains into the Klamnatli River from Goose NestMountain, near Butte Valley, westward. 'The Shasta National Forest includesMlount Shasta and the region draining into the Sacramento River in thesouthern portion of the county.While the activities of the Forest Service have been largely devoted to theconservation of the water supply that means so muelh to the farmers in tlovalleys, the Government administrators are opening up large tracts for lumberingoperations, subject to moderate stumpage charges. Several hundredthousand dollars a year are expended by the Forest Service officials inSiskiyou County in paying the fifty per cent. pro rata on receipts from timbersales, prescribed by federal statutes, and in further allowances for the constructionof roads, trails, bridges, telephone lines and wages for laboremployed.Soils and Their AdaptationTo come to a better understanding of the soils of Siskiyou County, let usfancy we are descending its mountains from the timberline, a mile and moreabove the velvety floors of the valleys. Between upthrust blades of lava andmasses of disintegrating granite, little pockets appear on the mountain sides,where soil has accumulated. Here the primeval forest grows higher anddenser than on the steeper slopes. At intervals glades, brilliantly green withluxuriant grass, intersperse the woodlands. Like the pay-streaks of placermines, the hinums derived from. decaying vegetation lies rich and deep inthese more nearly level recesses. Farther down, the humus coverlet widensout. It mingles with gravels of varying degrees of fineness. These gravelsbring potash, lime, magnesium and iron from the lava rocks from which theywere eroded.As the slopes diminish in gradient, the heavier gravels remain behind;the lighter continue on their downhill careers, keeping company with thehumus, or forest mold. Spreading out from foothill to the lower levels ofthe valley floor, this admixture of mineral and vegetable ingredients changesfrom light sandy soil to varying grades of loam.The upland layers of soil and subsoil are best adapted to the growing offruits, vines. berries and alfalfa.The lighter loam of the midway valley region is splendidly adapted to thecereals, potatoes and sugar beets, while alfalfa is a banner crop on this soil.The lowland loam darkens in color from brown to black and therein willbe found growing phenomenal yields of celery and asparagus.To the north of Mount Shasta are certain wide stretches that at first glancedo not appear inviting to the observer from the car window who is unfamiliarwith the so-called arid lands of the interior. Sandy soil, with sparse vegetationis open to question. In humid lands sand is sand, generally barrenquartz. Any question that may be raised concerning these sandy areas ofSiskiyou County has already been answered by Professor E. J, Wickson, for11

IRRIGATION WHETHER BY DIVERSION OF MOUNTAIN STREAMS OR FROM THE SUBTERRANEAN WATERSUPPLY, TAPPED BY WELLS, IS THE MAGIC KEY TO SOIL WEALTH IN SISKIYOU12

RICH SEDIMENT SOIL ACCOUNTS FOR SUCCESSFUL TRUCK FARMING IN SISKIYOU. HERE ARE SHOWNCELERY AND CABBAGES IN STRAWBERRY VALLEY AND A PUMPKIN PATCH NEAR GAZELLE

zones, abundant rainfall provides a bountiful supply of water for every crop.Down gentle slopes the percolating moisture drains to nourish growingplants, whether cultivated or luxuriating in their native wildness.In the more arid areas "dry farming" is being conducted upon modernscientific principles with gratifying returns.But to tell the whole truth about agriculture in Siskiyou County, it mustbe distinctly stated that there are several thousand acres of comparativelydrier lands which do not yield good crops. Of course, there's a reason forthis. The fact is that their tillers are still farming dry, planting their grainand vegetables in the manner practiced in moister climes, and trusting toJupiter Pluvius to send them enough rain to mature at least a fair crop.Periodically a season of lighter rainfall comes and the yield is far less,-onehalfor a fourth of what it should have been by the application of modernmethods.Wherevei irrigation or "dry farming" has been resorted to, the story isdifferent; products treble and quadruple at but a small increased cost per acre.Success in Siskiyou, as elsewhere, for the farmer depends upon a discriminatingknowledge of the composition and adaptabilities of its soils, theamount of moisture needed to mature its crops, the importance of rotationand the more general diversity of farming.Available Agricultural LandsAccording to the Census of 1910, there were 1,114 farms in SiskiyouCounty, covering a total of 455,876 acres. Of this amount 186,147 acreswere classed as improved land. In 1915 the grand total approximates aquarter of a million acres. The great majority of these farms are large-sizedranches, averaging 409 acres in area. More than three-quarters of theseholdings exceed one hundred acres each.The census value of all crops in 1909 was $1,426,394. Multiply this conservativesum by one and a half, and you will get the value of the crops ofSiskiyou County for 1914. It must be remembered that stock raising anddairying, two leading industries, are additional sources of profits.For future development, 271,914 acres of public lands await the homesteader,the miner and lumberman in this county. Although distant frommarkets at the present time, the certainty of new railway construction willwarrant the appropriation of many desirable quarter-sections.The Cereals Bring Certain RewardsIn the early days of Siskiyou County, "before the railway came," thevirgin soil of Scott Valley and Shasta Valley yielded fabulous returns to theranchers who supplied the many booming mining camps along its goldenstreams. Then followed a fallow era when live stock grazed over these oldtimegrain fields, restoring the surface fertility. Now billowing fields ofwheat, oats and barley wave their promises of wealth each summer, promiseswhich are always fulfilled.Not only is there a rapidly increasing local demand for grain but the haulto Central California markets is not costly and high prices are paid to theshippers of Siskiyou cereals.Everyone now realizes the importance of supplying the shortage of wheat.Ever more insistent is the world cry for bread. In spite of the fact that theIUnited States needs an annual increased production of 20,000,000 bushels ofwheat each year, according to Government reports, there is not as muchwheat grown in this country as was annually harvested twelve to fifteen yearsago. Flour mills at Montague, Dorris, and Fort Jones are now being operatedon a steadily increasing scale and their facilities are being greatly improved.Barley is a banner crop in the valleys of Siskiyou County. Yields of fromseventy-five to a hundred and ten bushels of barley per acre are commonly15

STATE FISH HATCHERY NEAR SISSON, FROM1 WHICH MANY WESTERN STREAMS ARE STOCKEDproduced throughout the agricultural sections. In Butte and Scott valleysfrom thirty to eighty bushels of oats are grown without irrigation. Withirrigation, the fields of Shasta Valley produce from forty to seventy-fivebushels of wheat to the acre. Rye is also a remarkably good crop whereverit is grown. There is also a wide field for every variety of corn in thiscounty, and up to the present time the local demand from raisers of livestock is far greater than the supply.Alfalfa and Other Forage CropsA million dollars a year is the income of those farmers of §iskiyou Countywho grow alfalfa and other forage. The fertile soils of the county impart tothese crops a nutritive value from thirty to fifty per cent. higher than theaverage of other localities, according to the results obtained by feeding.Nearly forty thousand acres of Siskiyou County are devoted to alfalfaalone. Land that was worth but $10 an acre a few years ago now pays highinterest on valuations of from $100 to $150 per acre. On the moist lowlandsirrigation is not necessary, but on the sandy upland soils irrigation bringsopulent returns.On many large tracts, now being subdivided, the ground is cleared andleveled by machinery. The seed is sown generally in February. From tento fifteen pounds per acre are required. At the usual price of alfalfa seed,fifteen cents per pound, the cost of planting averages two dollars an acre.In mid-May the first cutting is made, the second in August, after which theground is pastured until midwinter. Two tons of alfalfa are produced thefirst season. During the second year crops are cut every four weeks, yieldinga total of'from four to seven tons per acre, which brings to the grower anaverage of from $30 to $45 per acre each year. This return is further augmentedby the proceeds from pasturing after the growing season.za

A MAY DAY AT SISSON.APPLE TREES, A BLOSSOMING WREATH FOR SNOW-CROWNED SHASTAWhere the owner raises hogs and cattle on the forage he grows, thereturns are doubled and even trebled. About five thousand he-id of cattleare driven from Oregon into Siskiyou County each year to feed fat uponthis abundant forage. In some localities, fabulous crops have been grownthrough inoculating the soil with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Besides alfalfa,timothy, red clover and redtop are largely fed.Dairying and CreameriesSeveral large creameries have been opened during the past few years tohandle the rapidly increasing tribute of the multiplying dairy herds whichfeed on the lush grasses and alfalfa lands of Siskiyou County. Two creameriesare in operation in the prime dairy region of Scott Valley, two more arelocated in Shasta Valley at Montague and Edgewood, while others are aboutto open in Strawberry and Butte valleys. Their aggregate output nowexceeds a million pounds a year.Favorable climatic conditions and the most wholesome forage keeps theseherds in excellent health and form. Tuberculin tests invariably show theirimmunity from disease. Three-quarters of the people of Siskiyou County aredirectly or indirectly dependent upon the dairying industry.One prominent rancher of Shasta Valley, Mr. B. M. Martin, had a herdof two hundred dairy cows which produce(d cream checks and calves to thevailue of $20,000 in 1913. Frequently this rate of $100 per cow has beenexceeded by other Siskiyou County stock raisers.Success in dairying, like success in other activities, does not dependentirely upon having an abundance of initial capital with which to make astart. There are numerous instances where men acquired herds of manyhead of cattle right here in Siskiyou County through thrift and intelligentwork. One of many such men left the railway at Yreka and went twenty-five17

IDUNSHUIR, IN THE SACRAMENTO CANYON, IS A RAILROAD DIVISION HEADQUARTERS.IT IS ALSO ONE OF THE MOST POPULmiles back to Scott Valley. There lie leased a bunch of young dairy cowsfrom County Supervisor (Glendenning; the "party of the first part'" did thework of caring for the cattle; the "party of the second part" furnished feedand pasture. They divided the profits and in a few years the lessee cleanedup enough to pay in full for a 320-acre ranch, now worth $12,000.Beef and Bank AccountsOf the fifty thousand head of cattle in Siskiyou County, forty per cent.are short-lived. The reason for their mortality is indicated in the largeAT WEED IS LOCATED ONE OF THE LARGEST SASH AND DOOR FACTORIES IN THE WORLD, GIVINGEMPLOYMENT TO 1500 MEN.is

AR SUMMER RESORT CENTERS.HERE ARE THREE CHURCHES, A BANK, A GARAGE, THREE HOTELS AND TWO PAPERSproportion of the $3,000,000 in savings deposited in the Siskiyou Countybanks.Nearly twenty thousand beef cattle are shipped each year from the rangesof this pastoral county, bringing in a revenue of a net million to theirraisers. Half of the four million acres of Siskiyou County is admirablyadapted to cattle raising. The forest reserves afford almost unlimitedgrazing to the herds that may be driven up to the mountain meadows andpastured all summer long for nominal charges.Nothing is surer of reVard( Ithnu cattle raising in Siskiyou CountvyFIFTY SAWMILLS IN SISKIYOU COUNTY PRODUCE AN AVERAGE OF 200,000,000 BOARD FEET OFMANUFACTURED LUMBER ANNUALLY.19

BEEF CATTLE, POULTRY AND THE DAIRY ADD THEIR QUOTA OF WEALTH TO THE ANNUAL INCOME OFSISKTYOU COUNTY FARMERS20

"Hogs and Alfalfa! "The slogan "'hogs and Alfalfa" is a charm with which to conjure wealth.The consumers of pork products in California will continue to pay the highprices that have long prevailed unless the industry takes on an unusualgrowth. Fifty carloads of pork foods are shipped into this State each week.In Illinois there are sixty hogs to each inhabitant, while in the Golden Statethe ratio is only three to one. Obviously there is a rich field for the hograiser in Siskiyou County where the conditions of the caterer to thesemarkets are ideal, where land values are still low and the transportationrates are reasonable.On the irrigated alfalfa farms of Shasta Valley practice proves that oneacre planted to alfalfa will support one brood sow and her two litters, raisedeach year. One man in this valley began with seventy-seven swine on fortyacres of alfalfa land and in the first year received a profit of $1,855 after hehad paid for his feed and fencing. He had a nucleus of 265 hogs with whichto start in his second year.The most successful results have been obtained by feeding the bearingsows with one part barley and three parts of skimmed milk, bringing up theyoung porkers on alfalfa, and fattening them for the market on barley andKaffir corn, or wheat and barley to improve the quality of flesh. Abundantgrain is grown in all these Siskiyou valleys to supply the local needs.A pork-packing plant, which will be soon established at Montague, willmaterially reduce the cost of marketing Siskiyou's swine. However experiencedin hog raising the reader may be, he may gain many helpful ideas fromthe recent publications on this industry issued by the Southern Pacific Railwayand the University of California. Analyses of the nutritive values ofalfalfa, grain and grasses grown in Siskiyou County and climatological datapublished by the Federal and State governments will further prove that hogsthrive in this ideal region, enjoying immunity from disease and discomfort.A Great Sheep RangeSheep and Mount Shasta are shown in a striking illustration. Once MountShasta was noted for the bands of mountain sheep which ranged about itssnowfields. The highlands of Siskiyou seem made by Nature for a paradisefor sheep. Thirty thousand graze over this county, and there is ample roomfor hundreds of thousands more without encroaching upon the agriculturaland horticultural acreage of the valleys.Horses and MulesDuring the Spanish war, twelve thousand horses were bought by the UnitedStates Government in Siskiyou County. The German Government has been agood customer in this horse market in the past. Likewise Great Britain securedmany mounts for her troopers in the Boer war from among these mountaingirtvalleys.There is now a horse or a mule for every two of the inhabitants of thiscounty. There is need for many more and the conditions of raising stock ofall kinds in this most suitable region will amply justify a large increase ofthese indispensable helpers of man. Hundreds of draft horses are sold fromthis county each year.Vegetables and Truck FarmingThe fact that a thousand tons of potatoes are now produced in Siskiyouis especially significant in that this total tonnage only supplies local needs.The deep, rich soils of its valleys yield from ten to twenty tons of the finestpotatoes. At the present rates of thirty-five cents a hundred-pound sack tothe central markets of California and Oregon, a net profit of from $75 to21

THERE IS GREAT OPPORTUNITY FOR THE PRACTICAL HOG RAISER IN SISKIYOU COUNTY$125 per acre is the rule. Butte Valley is becoming a leading producing andshipping section of the county.Sugar beets in Butte and Shasta valleys are being grown with suchsuccess that a sugar refinery is amply warranted in this favored county.Every hardy vegetable flourishes throughout these upland valleys, butspecial attention is called to the wonderful crops of celery gathered from thepeat soils of Strawberry and Butte valleys. Both soil and climate have theeffect of maturing celery of the crispest fibre and the most delicious flavor.One little patch of less than an acre in fertile Strawberry Valley recentlyproduced a crop which was sold to the Southern Pacific Company for athousand dollars, for use in its dining cars. The celery-growing industry isonly in its infancy in Siskiyou County.Poultry PossibilitiesNot only do chickens thrive and bring good profits to the raiser, but theturkey seems to be in his natural element at this elevation in Northern Cali-22THE HIGHLANDS OF SISKIYOU SEEM MADE BY NATURE FOR A PARADISE FOR SHEEP

SISKIYOU HORSES AND MULES ARE NOTED FOR THEIR STURDINESS AND ARE IN GREAT DEMAND.fornia. Excellent returns have come to those who have raised turkeys forthe ever-urgent markets to the north and southward.HoneyWith fifty thousand acres of alfalfa and clover in blossom and countlesswild flowers ever opening their stores of sweets throughout the summer, thebees of Siskiyou County gather a golden harvest of honey. A ready marketat about twelve cents a pound offers especial opportunities to apiculturists.Horticulture in SiskiyouSo extensive has the development of fruit and berry growing become thata horticultural commissioner, employed by the county, is kept busy in travelingabout the fruit districts giving practical suggestions to growers andprospective planters. Although situated at elevations of from two thousandto four thousand feet, the flourishing mountain orchards of Siskiyou Countyattest the fact that frost is harmless, due largely to a free circulation of mildair throughout these wide upland valleys.AGRICULTURAL HALL AT YREKA WHERE INFORMATION AND INSTRUCTION ARE GIVEN THE NEW SETTLER23

STRAWBERRY AND LOGANBERRY PATCH IN THE FAMOUS STRAWBERRY VALLEY, WHERE THE FRUITPRODUCED IS UNEXCELLED FOR FLAVOR AND BEAUTYOrchard trees and berry vines nourished by abundant moisture in therich, volcanic soil, mature wonderful fruits. Thus far, the horticulturist hasonly made a good start, and the example of the many who have succeeded isbeing followed by many more who will profit thereby.Upland ApplesThe juice of the Siskiyou apple is liquified mountain air; its skin is thesunshine reflected from Shasta's snowfields; its firm fiber is the transformedrichness of virgin soil. The rarified atmosphere, low in humidity, togetherwith the tempering of sun rays and cool nights, combine their effects inproducing apples of the most delicious flavor and spicy crispness. Consequently,the Siskiyou apple is becoming more in popular demand each season.Government statistics show that the production of apples in the UnitedStates has decreased during the past twenty years to one-third the formeryield. Therefore it is obvious that there is a wide market for the applegrowers of Siskiyou County. Among the best bearers the Baldwin. Jonathan,Northern Spy, Spitzenhurg and Winter Banana are the most popular varieties.It is well worth the while of all who may be interested in the growing ofapples and other fruits to write to the County Horticultural Commissioner,Advice from a practical man is always a desideratum, and such advice will begladly given by this official whose purpose and province is to serve the bestinterests of his county by encouraging the cultivation of orchards whereverthey will bring the best results to the grower.Other FruitsPeaches of rarest flavor grow throughout the county in the milder valleys.Early and Late Crawfords, Alexander and Strawberry peaches bring thebest results. Occasionally smudging is required during the blossoming time.24

THE MOIST WELL-DRAINED LOAMS OF SISKIYOU ARE PARTICULARLY ADAPTED TO WALNUTS AND ALMONDS.NUTS ARE PROFIT PRODUCERSPears are one of the most satisfactory crops, and the varieties recommendedare those whose firn flesh keeps long after pickling.Plums, prunes, apricots and nectarines are also grown with satisfactoryreturns. The cherry is especially well suited to the sunny slopes aboutStrawberry Valley, where the drainage prevents excessive moisture and thecirculation of the air currents minimizes the effect of frost.NutsIn the moist, yet well-drained, loams of Siskiyou County, walnuts andalmonds are never-failing sources of profit. Along the courses of the Klamathand Shasta rivers are many splendid old trees which for decades have borneheavy crops, as high as a thousand pounds to a tree. Flourishing alike indeep loam or in the quartzose wash of foothill rims, they point with everyheavily laden limb to the wide areas where orchards on a commercial scalemay be advantageously developed.BerriesBerries of all kinds grow to perfection in Siskiyou County, particularly inthe famous Strawberry Valley. There the soils, gradating from light sandyloam to black peat, high in humus, furnish the richest nutriment to thevigorous vines. The forests investing this valley are falling back to makeroom for the orderly rows of strawberries, raspberries, blackberries and loganberrieswhich are spreading rapidly over the clearings.Three hundred crates of strawberries have been picked from one acre inSiskiyou County; selling for $1.25 per crate, they brought the grower $375per acre for his crop. Exceptional yields running far higher have beenreported from special patches, hut on a commercial scale, it is safe to figureupon $1,000 net from a small berry farm of from four to five acres.25

TOMATO PATCH, SCOTT VALLEY.ALL MANNER OF VEGETABLES FLOURISH IN THE PROTECTED FERTILEVALLEYS IN TEL COUNTYValleys and TownsSiskiyou County is classed as a mountain county, yet one-fourth of itsfour million acres are valley lands drained by several good-sized rivers. Themillion acres of bottom lands in this "mountain county" exceed the area ofSan Joaquin County with a good slice of the delta lands of SacramentoCounty thrown in. So, whoever will take the trouble to glance at the mar)of California, will note this comparison of Siskiyou County's broad vales withthese noted valley counties of Central California. The United States Departmentof Agriculture, in its recent instructive bulletin entitled "The IrrigationResources of California and Their Utilization'" refers to the fertilevalleys of Siskiyou County in these words of commendation:"The valleys, although generally prosperous, are capable of considerableadvancement, but this must be conditioned upon a more modern irrigationsystem." In the two years which have passed since this report was published,several large irrigation projects have been developed, vast rancheshave been subdivided, and the farmers of Siskiyou County are now travelingalong the newly-completed State Highway which leads to Success.Klamath River ValleyThe Valley of the Klamath River is nowhere as wide as the valleys of itstributaries, the Shasta and Scott rivers. Yet, along its course from theOregon line near Lower Klamath Lake to the Sahnon River, a series of richpockets of fertile soil aggregate over 23,000 acres in area. It is on thesesunny benches that the best returns have been gained by the growers ofgrain, forage and fruit. On either horizon the forests of Siskiyou Countytower, awaiting the construction of the prol)osed railway down the Klamath26

THE HEART OF THE VALLEY REGION. COTTONWOOD VALLEY NEAR HORNBROOR. A GREAT GRAIN ANDGRAZING SECTIONRiver. This road will also open up the vast copper deposits described inthe chapter on mining. A projected diversion of a portion of the flow ofthis river will bring an abundance of water to nearly 200,000 acres in thevalleys of the Klamath and Shasta rivers.Klamath Valley TownsHornbrook, a thriving town of 400 inhabitants, engaged in agriculture,grazing and mining, is located near the mouth of picturesque CottonwoodCreek on the main line of the Southern Pacific route to Oregon.Hilt, a lumbering town near the Oregon line, has a permanent populationof two hundred, increased to about seven hundred during the lumbering season.The Fruit Growers Supply Company, operating the mills here, expectsto log and cut thirty million feet of lumber in 1915. Their box factory hasa capacity of seventy-five thousand feet daily, with an output of about threemillion boxes, or nearly seven hundred carloads for the season.Ager is the favorite jumping-off place of sportsmen and tourists whojourney by stage eighteen miles northeastward to the celebrated fishingresort and sanitarium of Klamath Hot Springs. Ager has a large generalstore, postoffice and hotel and is a trading point for a large tributary country.Humbug, New Yreka and Hamburg, famous old mining camps still prodneinggold. Humbug, located along the Klamath River to the west of the railway.Further down stream are Scott's Bar and Happy Camp. Considerablehydraulic mining is being done in this section and with improved facilitiesquartz mnines are opening up promisingly. Beautiful strips of alluvial benchesscattered along the Klamath River are in a high state of cultivation andproduce bountiful crops of fruit, garden truck and forage for local demands.

PICTURESQUE MOUNTAIN SCENERY ON THE TRAIL TO SCOTT'S BAR, SCENE OF GREAT MINING ACTIVITYShasta ValleyDraining the center of Siskiyou County and flowing northerly into theKlamath River, the winsome Shasta River winds through its seductive valley,a level or gently sloping expanse thirty-five miles in width, fifteen to twentyin length. Government surveys have blocked out 160,000 acres of rich lowlands,irrigable for the most part. About 200,000 acres along its foothills arewell adapted not only to grazing and dairying but to fruit-growing.The soils of Shasta Valley are largely the accumulated sediments of anancient lake bed with a top dressing of volcanic ash and glacial silt, rich inmineral plant food. Towards the lower or northern end of the valley theloam becomes heavier and finer in texture. A large volume of water runs towaste in the Shasta River and its tributaries but this excess is now about tobe put to good use.Montague, the Agricultural CenterMontague, on the main line of the Southern Pacific railway, which runsthrough the heart of Shasta Valley, has become the center of agriculturaldevelopment. About 20,000 acres of land surrounding this flourishingcommunity have been purchased by local companies, financed by Californiaand Eastern capital. This land is now being subdivided into tractsof from forty to eighty acres, for the most part, and is being sold oneasy terms for fair prices, ranging from $75 to $150 per acre for improvedproperty. The purchasers in many instances are paying for their ranches andtheir independent living therefrom out of the handsome surpluses derivedfrom the growing of alfalfa and the raising of cattle and hogs.Granada's GrowthSix miles up the Shasta Valley from Montague lies the town of Granada.Midway between these places the Montague Land & Irrigation Company28

THE SISKIYOU COUNTY COURT ROUSE AND HALL OF RECORDS AT YREKA, THE BEAUTIFUL COUNTY-SEAThas installed two powerful centrifugal pumps which elevate 16,840 gallonsper minute to ditch heads eighty-six and 107 feet above. Thence this copiousflood is conveyed to 5,000 acres of land contiguous at a cost of but $2.50per acre. Another large tract of over ten thousand acres lying to the southeastwardis irrigated by the never-dimninishing flow from a dozen wells sunkat the celebrated Big Spring near Mayten, controlled by the Mt. Shasta Land& Irrigation Company. These developments have greatly stimulated thegrowth of Granada and Montague during the past year. A flour mill, creamery,box factory, several well-stocked stores and two hotels and a hank aredoing a hustling business at nearby Montague, while a meat-packing plantis the next enterprise planned for the financial betterment of Shasta Valleyproducers.Gazelle and EdgewoodFarther south and upward in the Shasta Valley are the well located townsof Gazelle and Edgewood. From these pretty towns thousands of head of livestock are shipped each year. Gazelle is the point of detraining for the stagethat crosses the Scott Mountains to Callahan's in the upper Scott Valleyregion. A highly profitable dairying section shares the prosperity of a firstclasscreamery at Edgewood.Little ShastaLittle Shasta River, which has its source in the dense woods of Goose NestMountain, furnishes a lavish supply of water to six thousand acres of therichest volcanic soil in the garden vale of Little Shasta. Several hundredcontented farmer folk reside on the productive ranches of this exquisitevalley hidden from the railway by a series of low lava buttes undulating tothe eastward of the Southern Pacific railroad. This is the region where thebumper barley crop of 110 bushels to the acre, referred to under the cereals.29

30A HIGH STANDARD OF EFFICIENCY IS MAINTAINED IN THE SCHOOLS OF SISKIYOU COUNTY

was raised. Its "get together" people have recently constructed a modernsocial hall where entertainments and lectures are given in frequent succession.Yreka, the County-seatYreka, the county-seat, is a beautiful city of two thousand inhabitants,situated at the terminus of the Yreka railroad, on the line of the great Statehighway and in the valley of Yreka Creek near the junction of GreenhornGulch, the famous placer camp of the fifties. The civic pride of its people ismanifested by its beautiful homes, its miles of cement walks, its splendidlypaved streets, lined with venerable locusts, walnut and poplar trees, its up-todatecounty buildings, the new public library, the concrete Agricultural Halland the excellent High School. Its leading bank boasts of a million dollarsin assets and commercially Yreka supplies a large area with mining andother supplies.Progressive improvement and social organizations promote the bettermentof this community in many ways, such as the conducting of a Chautauquaannually and other activities for popular instruction and entertainment.Scott ValleyIt would be an exaggeration to proclaim Scott Valley on a parity withthe mountain paradises of Yosemite and Switzerland. But the truth is thatits scenic beauty and grandeur bears a striking similarity to both of theseworld-renowned regions. Situated at an average elevation of half a mileabove the Pacific, extending forty miles in a northerly direction- and spreadingto a dozen miles in width, its five thousand residents look up to loftyranges a mile and more in air. The walls of the Salmon 1\Iountains on thewest and the Scott Mountains to the south and east are scarcely less abruptand striking in their profiles than the portals of Yosemite and the craggyhorns of the Alps. Magnificent forests half conceal their contours and inthe shadowy canyons cascading torrents bound joyously to serve the needs ofminer and rancher.Geologic forces fashioned this valley for the delight and profit of man.Glaciers deepened a giant groove, dammed up the lower outlet of Scott Riverwith debris, then receded, leaving a long Alpine lake. Ground-sluicingstreams spread their sediments in deep layers until the prehistoric lake becamea beautiful meadow carpeted with nutritious grasses.After the miner came the fattening herds of stock that made this valleymore valuable each year. Grain fields flourished in broad billowing wavesmiles in width and length. Fabulous crops of the cereals and alfalfa areproduced from its cultivated areas.There are one hundred and fifty thousand acres of arable land in ScottValley, of which only ten per cent. are under irrigation. An abundant rainfallprovides sufficient moisture to the soil, though ditch-diverted water increasesthe yield of later crops of alfalfa. Cattle raising brings in most ofthe revenue to the fortunate ranchers, who until very recently have beenreluctant to part with any portions of their large holdings. Yielding to theurge of land-hungry seekers of homes attracted by improved transportationfacilities, these far-reaching ranches are now beginning to be subdivided tosatisfy the demand of more intensive farmers and dairymen.Fort JonesNear the southern end of Scott Valley Fort Jones is reached after a picturesqueride of eighteen miles from Yreka by auto-stage. Its populationof six hundred are served by two banks and several fine stores. A flour milland creamery handle the produce of the fields and dairies, which in additionto supplying a brisk local trade ship out large quantities of flour, butter andcheese.31

CHAUTAUQUA DAY IN YREKA. BENNETT'S AT TIlE FORKS OF SALMON RIVER.CREAMERY AT EDGEWOOD32

Greenview Dairying DistrictGreenview, situate(l where a wide bay of Scott Valley stretches westward,is the center of a rich dairying district. A model creamery produces goldenbutter to the value of $100,000 a year. To the west and north lie the notableraining camps of Oro Fino, Quartz Valley and Scott's Bar, where renewedactivity presages increased production of the precious metals.EtnaEtna, a pretty town of nine hundred people, lies near the western rim ofthe valley with its central portion spreading far and wide in a pleasingsuccession of grain fields and pasture lands. Electric lights and power,waterworks, an excellent sewer system are among its many improvements. AUnion high school of the latest construction, with five progressive instructors,is attended by one hundred students.Callahan'sCallahan's known in the pioneer days as Callahan's Ranch, is located atthe southern end of Scott Valley. It supplies a prosperous mining district inwhich the Scott, Salmon and Trinity rivers take their rise.The Salmon River RegionWestward from Etna and Callahan's the Salmon River mining region isreached by road and trails. Around Sawyer's Bar and the North Fork ofSalmon extensive mining operations have been carried on for many years,and such famous producers as the Black Bear and King Solomon mines arestill turning out heavy bars of bullion. Several large hydraulics are inoperation here and at the forks of the Salmon River.Weed and the Klamath Lakes BranchAt Weed, near the headwaters of Shasta River, the branch line of theSouthern Pacific turns off to Butte Valley and the fertile Klamath Lakesregion. One of the largest sash and door factories in the world employsfifteen hundred men at this important junction town.The Weed Lumber Conmpany is conducting extensive lumbering operationsto the northward of Mount Shasta. Yellow, or western white pine, is theprincipal timber tree cut. Averaging more than five feet in girth, the logsare remarkably free from knots and pitch. Consequently the mill productsof this company are in such great demand that as many as fifteen hundreddoors a day are the output of its mammoth sash and door factory. The townof Weed is very well laid out, ornate is the design of most of the homes forits employees, and their physical welfare is carefully looked out for by themanagement.Butte ValleyIn the northeastern corner of Siskiyou County Butte Valley covers a basinof one hundred thousand acres, once the bed of a lake. This favored sectionhas been described in full and most reliable detail by the Government investigator,W. W. Mackie, in the report of the United States Bureau ofSoils for 1907. To the prospective settler who may seek a disinterested andauthoritative opinion of the merits of Butte Valley, this conservative reportis highly recommended. It tells of the vast extent of its rich, sandy loam,its chemical constituents and makes special reference to the high percentagesof humus which this ancient lake bed contains. Summing up the facts in hisglowing appraisal of Butte Valley Mr. Mackie declares:"These soils are extremely fertile and when properly drained and cultivatedproduce immense crops of timothy, clover, red top, potatoes and all33

sorts of hardy vegetables, including celery and asparagus." ' * * * "'Thewhole valley floor is underlain by a water table at a depth of from one to tenfeet, * * * * usually four to six feet from the surface. Crops of grainand alfalfa draw upon this supply directly."Butte Valley TownsDorris, McDoel and Mount Hebron are a trio of thriving young towns thatare becoming more conspicuous on the map of California as the subdivisionof the old regime ranches of the cattle barons continues. Extensive timberlandsto the east and south of Butte Valley are now attracting the attentionof lumber companies and the number of men they will employ will largelyincrease the local demand for produce.Success attending beet growing in this broad valley will warrant theestablishment of a sugar refinery in the very near future.Strawberry ValleyIzaac Walton, extolling the toothsome strawberry said, centuries ago:"Doubtless God could have made a better berry than the strawberry, butdoubtless God never did."The same may be said of Strawberry Valley in south central Siskiyoucounty. Could the philosophic piscator turn his back to the glories ofParadise and look across the forest-fringed meadows of Berryvale and upwardto the majesty of Sovereign Shasta, he would exclaim: "Doubtless God couldhave made a more beautiful valley than Strawberry Valley, but doubtlessGod never did.."The ineffable charm of this valley and its environment of forest andsnow-peaks appeals to the thousands of Nature lovers who visit its resortseach summer. Utilitarians, however, may say " a man can't live on scenery.But this is the exception to the rule. You can't help living on the scenery inStrawberry Valley. Your very foreground is the most seductive scenery.The rich peat carpet beneath your feet is exquisite in its texture. From theblack soil springs up the crispest celery, the most luscious berries, the mostvigorous vegetables you will ever taste. And the apples, peaches and cherriesgrown at this altitude of 3,550 feet are as wonderful in form and flavor asthe berries.There are over ten thousand acres of rich agricultural lands in StrawberryValley of which only a few thousand are yet in cultivation. A livelylocal market is created by the increasing demands of the four thousandresidents of the nearby lumbering districts and the summer resorts, in additionto the needs of the million consumers of San Francisco Bay.A quarter of an acre of celery yielded $375 to its owner in 1914. Thetruck gardens and berry farms afford annual incomes of several hundreddollars to the acre.SissonSisson is a popular tarrying point for tourists as well as being the centraltown of Strawberry Valley. Its permanent population is over a thousand,many of whom are employed in its box factory and sash and door plants.The United States Forest Service has its headquarters here and the Statemaintains a most complete fish hatchery close by the celebrated Sisson Tavern.McCloudFrom Sisson the MeCloud River Railway curves around the southerly slopesof Mount Shasta to the town of MeClou(l and onward through magnificentforests from which one hundred million feet are cut each year by the companythat owns the railway and the town of McCloud. The latter is a well-orderedcommunity of two thousand inhabitants. During the summer season eighteen34

hundred men are employed in the lumbering and milling operations. Mostof this timber covers the watershed of Squaw Valley, the soil of which is richand capable of supporting a considerable population when the forest iscleared and the company is disposed to place its future agricultural lands onthe market.IcCloud is a lumber town that has not only a past but a future worthyof pride. During the last dozen years nearly a billion feet of lumber wascut by the MeCloud Lumber Company in this vicinity. More than two billionfeet remain. It will take a score of years to complete this gigantic work.The fine grain of its sugar pine and yellow-white pine is susceptible of sohigh a polish that it resembles maple and ash so closely that only an expertcan determine the difference. A large part of the products of McCloud,lumber of all sizes, sashes, doors, shingles, laths, etc., are shipped directly toeastern points which are reached more readily than are the shipments of itscoastward competitors.Shasta SpringsSituated in the scenic canyon of the Sacramento River near its fountainheadthe beautiful resort of Shasta Springs commands a rare panorama ofmountain peak and piny gorge. Nearby are Upper Soda Springs and ShastaRetreat. Famous are the mineral waters which gush from the porous lavarocks.DunsmuirThe twenty-three hundred residents of Dunsmuir, a railroad division townjust within the southern boundary of Siskiyou County, enjoy an environmentof rare scenery and of social advantages as manifested by its fraternalassociations working effectively for municipal and the general betterment. Awell appointed high school rounds out its excellent educational system.Attractive summer resorts happily located in the canyon between Castle Cragsand Mount Shasta draw many enthusiastic recreationists to these retreats.Educational Efficiency of Siskiyou SchoolsExceptionally high standards of social efficiency are set by the schools ofSiskiyou County. First-class high schools are located at Dunsmuir, Etna andYreka. In the latter school comprehensive courses in agriculture, manual trainingand domestic science are fitting the pupils for intelligent work in life.LTnder the direction of the faculty of the Siskiyou County High School atYreka a number of junior agricultural clubs have been formed in the grammarschool districts. Each student is required to cultivate one-eighth of anacre of land in accordance with scientific practice. iHe keeps a cost sheetshowing the proportion of expense devoted to such items as rent, seed, cultivation,gathering, marketing. A credit account shows the profits of the youngfarmer. In every department the pupils of Siskiyou's schools are beingtrained to develop resourcefulness and efficiency in contact with real life.Instruction in music and art is so thorough that a noteworthy interest in theextension of all-around culture is being evidenced in every community.For further information address:Yreka Chamber of Commerce, Yreka, Cal.Montague Chamber of Commerce, Montague, Cal.Sisson Commercial Club, Sisson, Cal.Dunsmuir Commercial Club, Dunsmuir, Cal.Etna Athletic Club, Etna Mills, Cal., orCounty Clerk, Yreka, California.35

A COMBINED HARVESTER WORKING IN THE WHEAT FIELDS THAT ARE ONE OF SISKIYOU S CLAIMS TO FAME