prvi kongres hrvatskih znanstvenika iz domovine i inozemstva - HATZ
prvi kongres hrvatskih znanstvenika iz domovine i inozemstva - HATZ
prvi kongres hrvatskih znanstvenika iz domovine i inozemstva - HATZ
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PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.I
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Izdavač:Akademija tehničkih znanosti HrvatskeKačićeva 28, 10000 Zagreb, HrvatskaGlavni i odgovorni urednik:Prof.dr.sc. Zlatko Kniewald, Predsjednik Akademije tehničkih znanostiHrvatskeTehnički suradnici i elektronička obrada:Tomislav Bituh, studentMartina Sučić, studenticaBojan Tufegdžić, studentLuka Vrtar, dipl.ing.Melanija Strika, prof. soc. – poslovna tajnica <strong>HATZ</strong>D<strong>iz</strong>ajn korica:Studio HRGCIP – Katalog<strong>iz</strong>acija u publikacijiNacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica – ZagrebUDK 001-05 (497.5) (082) (048)PRVI KONGRES <strong>hrvatskih</strong> <strong>znanstvenika</strong> <strong>iz</strong> <strong>domovine</strong> i <strong>inozemstva</strong> (1 ; 2004 ;Zagreb, Vukovar)Zbornik sažetaka postera znanstvenih novaka, prikazanih u inozemstvu2002., 2003. i 2004. godine / Prvi <strong>kongres</strong> <strong>hrvatskih</strong> <strong>znanstvenika</strong> <strong>iz</strong> <strong>domovine</strong> i<strong>inozemstva</strong>, Zagreb-Vukovar, 15-19. studenoga 2004. ; . – Zagreb : Akademija tehničkih znanosti Hrvatske,2004.ISBN 953-7076-05-9 (cjelina)Vol. 1.441108203ISBN 953-7076-06-7Tisak:ITG – ZagrebNaklada:800 primjerakaII
población, pero con un PIB per cápita que no alcanzalos 1,000 dólares. La evolución en el crecimientotambién ha ido en sentidos contrarios: mientras enlos primeros la producción ha aumentado, en lossegundos ha permanecido estancada o en descenso.A las zonas anteriores, que se ubican en la parte Sur yCentral, se unen –para completar el panorama de la región– dos países que concentran casi la mitad de la poblacióncentroamericana (El Salvador y Guatemala) y que noobstante tienen la mitad de la producción regional en el2001 (34,700 de 69,900 millones de dólares) registran unPIB per cápita que representa tan solo la mitad del deCosta Rica y Panamá.Esta lectura permite establecer una implicación central:pujanza y tamaño están distribuidas de manera inversa ydesfavorable para una dinámica regional robusta. EnCentroamérica los países más grandes no son loseconómicamente más avanzados y los menos desarrolladosno son los de menor tamaño y además, están enclavadosen el corazón del área.• En todos los países del área, el 10% de la poblacióncon ingreso per cápita más elevado se apropia de entre29.4% y un 40.5% del ingreso nacional, mientras queel 40% de la población con menor ingreso se apropiade entre un 10.4% y un 15. 3% del ingreso nacional.En los últimos años la desigualdad ha aumentado enalgunos países y en otros se ha mantenido en los altosniveles preexistentes.• En el terreno ambiental, Centroamérica, que es unaregión especialmente rica en su patrimonio natural,está marcada por dos huellas de los estilos de desarrolloimperantes en las últimas décadas. La huella ecológicacausada por los efectos acumulados de procesos dedeforestación, erosión del suelo, sedimentación de ríosy creciente contaminación de aguas subterráneas ysuperficiales, que se originan en crecientes patrones deconsumo de recursos naturales y energéticos, procesosde urban<strong>iz</strong>ación desordenados y deficiente manejo dedesechos sólidos y líquidos. En particular, destacanlos acelerados procesos de metropol<strong>iz</strong>ación queexperimentan los países del área.• En otro orden de cosas, el impulso democrat<strong>iz</strong>ador enCentroamérica ha perdido dinamismo y hasta elmomento no ha sido acompañado por progresossignificativos en la creación de Estados democráticosde derecho. En casi todos los países, el gasto eninstituciones fundamentales de la democracia siguesiendo extremadamente bajo, inferior en algunos casosal gasto militar.Pero lo anterior no debe llevarnos a concluir que todala realidad es negativa. También hay avances quedebemos registrar. Alentadores progresos en la saludy esperanza de vida. Todos los países del área, sinexcepción, han aumentado su esperanza de vida alnacer en los últimos 40 años. La drástica reducción dela violencia como arma política. Procesos democráticosen marcha. Aunque incipientes y desiguales, se handado algunos pasos en el reconocimiento de lamulticulturalidad. También se puede apreciar elsurgimiento de nuevos movimientos sociales como losde mujeres o movimientos ciudadanos que buscanformas nuevas de involucrar a la ciudadanía en loscircuitos donde se decide el rumbo de los países y lassub regiones del continente, nuevos espacios como laConferencia Centroamericana de Descentral<strong>iz</strong>ación yDesarrollo Local (CONFEDELCA) o los encuentroscentroamericanos de niñez y adolescencia como sujetosdel desarrollo local.Frente a esta situación, la Integración Centroamericana,cuyo proceso arrancó en 1960, debe ser revisada y relanzada. Esto se hace más urgente que nunca.En los dieciocho años posteriores a la firma de los acuerdosregionales de paz, (Esquipulas I, 1986) y del “Procedimientopara establecer la paz firme y duradera en Centroamérica”(Esquipulas II, 1987), que dieron origen a lainstitucionalidad centroamericana vigente en la actualidad,se generaron profundas transformaciones en el contextointernacional y en la realidad ambiental, política, económicay social de la región.Estos cambios “no produjeron modificaciones equivalentesen Centroamérica, región en donde más bien el activo19
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Poštovani/poštovana,Ministarstvo znanosti, obrazovanja i športa RH organ<strong>iz</strong>ira Prvi <strong>kongres</strong><strong>hrvatskih</strong> <strong>znanstvenika</strong> <strong>iz</strong> <strong>domovine</strong> i <strong>inozemstva</strong> u cilju susreta<strong>znanstvenika</strong> hrvatskog podrijetla koji žive i rade diljem svijeta, s njihovimkoleg(ic)ama <strong>iz</strong> <strong>domovine</strong>, te tom prigodom želi dati smjernice razvojuznanosti i gospodarstva u Hrvatskoj.Akademija tehničkih znanosti Hrvatske preuzela je od Organ<strong>iz</strong>acijskogodbora Kongresa obvezu pripreme poster sekcije i objavljivanja zbornikasažetaka postera <strong>iz</strong> područja prirodnih, tehničkih, biotehničkih,biomedicinskih, društvenih i humanističkih znanosti, kojima su koautor<strong>iz</strong>nanstveni novaci.Voditelji/ce projekata dostavili su podatke o sudjelovanju znanstvenihnovaka s posterima na znanstvenim skupovima u inozemstvu tijekom2002., 2003. i 2004. godine. Cilj ove aktivnosti je da se znanstvenici kojiće biti nazočni na Kongresu mogu upoznati s rezultatima istraživanja kojisu u obliku postera prikazani na skupovima u inozemstvu u navedenomrazdoblju.Zbornik sažetaka pripremljen je za sudionike Kongresa i sadrži kazaloprema voditeljima projekata, znanstvenim novacima, te zemljama ukojima su radovi prikazani. Navedeni zbornik bit će naknadno dostupan ina CD-u za jednostavnije pretraživanje.Vjerujem da ćete uvidom u postere, te razgovorom sa znanstvenimnovacima, steći uvid u stvarnu vrijednost znanosti u Hrvatskoj i snagumladih koji rezultatima svojih istraživanja već sudjeluju u meñunarodnojpodjeli rada.Akademija tehničkih znanosti HrvatskePredsjednik:prof. dr. sc. Zlatko KniewaldV
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagrb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.HOTEL«OPERA»AKADEMIJA TEHNIČKIH ZNANOSTI HRVATSKEKačićeva 28VI
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.VIII
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.SADRŽAJStr.UVODNE NAPOMENE………………………………………………PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI……………………………………………..(P-1 → P-173)TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI..…………………………………………….(P-174 → P-371)BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI………………………………………….(P-372 → P-493)KAZALO PO ZNANSTVENIM NOVACIMA………………………..KAZALO VODITELJA PROJEKATA……………………………….KAZALO ZEMALJA U KOJIMA SU PRIKAZANI POSTERI..........I1183387513517524IX
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.X
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.PRIRODNE ZNANOSTIP-1 → P-1731
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.2
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 1PROKARYOTIC HOMOLOGS HELP TO DEFINE CONSENSUSSEQUENCES IN METALLOPEPTIDASE FAMILY M49Abramić Marija, Špoljarić Jasminka, Šimaga ŠumskiRudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaIn recent years the number of deduced amino acid sequences of metallopeptidases hasincreased dramatically revealing that these enzymes are the most diverse of the fourmain catalytic types of peptidases, with 51 families identified to date.Peptidase family M49 (dipeptidyl peptidase III family) has been recogn<strong>iz</strong>ed as a distinctgroup of metallopeptidases based on the significant similarity in primary structures of itsmembers and the unique structural motif, hexapeptide HELLGH, which harbors thepredicted active site residues.Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) was previously biochemically character<strong>iz</strong>ed as acytosolic zinc-exopeptidase involved in the final steps of intracellular protein catabolism ofeukaryotes.The regulatory role of DPP III in the metabolism of biologically active peptides(angiotensins and enkephalins) has been suggested. However, 3-D structure,physiological significance, regulation and distribution of this enzyme in the living world stillneed to be elucidated. Our results indicated that enhanced expression of DPP III mightbe used as biochemical marker for endometrial and ovarian cancer.We assumed that the new data of genomes sequencing also contain unknown membersof this family and we attempted to define its evolutionary conserved amino acid sequenceregions through the analysis of their primary structures.By the similarity search and additional manual stringency we have revealed 14homologous protein sequences (members of family M49), two of them prokaryotic,whose multiple alignment gave five highly conserved regions. Two conserved linearmotifs (consensus sequences) harboring four known active site residues of family M49were defined as stretches of 16 and 6 amino acids located in the third and fourthconserved region. A part of sixteen-amino acid consensus sequence and the completeconsensus sequence of six amino acid were predicted to reside in a α-helix.In conclusion, the most recent data on complete genome sequences helped us to revealthat metallopeptidase family M49 (DPP III family) is distributed in four kingdoms oforganisms (Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi and Animalia), and to define two consensussequences containing the active site residues. Bacterial homologs have been unexpectedand so far confined to the proteins from one human symbiont and one oral pathogen.Presented on:2 nd Central European Conference Chemistry towards Biology,Seggau, Austria, 26-29 September 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija AbramićProject No. 00980553
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 2DOUBLE BREMSSTRAHLUNG IN PROTON-PROTON SCATTERINGAT 190 MeVJ.C.S. Bacelar a ; R. Castelijns a ; R. Čaplar b ; K. Ermisch a ; I. Gašparić b ; M.N. Harakeh a ;N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki a ; M. Kiš a ; H. Loehner a ; M. Mahjour-Shafiei aa Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlandsb Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaMany properties of the strong force can be exhaustively examined in proton-protoncollision experiments. Since the elastic proton-proton scattering is well described byexisting models, there is a challenge to investigate higher-order effects. These effects areemphas<strong>iz</strong>ed in processes such as real [1], virtual [2] and double bremsstrahlung. All ofthem offer a detailed insight into the proton-proton interaction and each of themdistinguishes itself by some special features. In particular, double bremsstrahlung, apartfrom being an extension of real bremsstrahlung, covers the emission of a virtual 7r°meson.In our experiment with a 190 MeV proton beam delivered by the AGOR cyclotron at theKVI, two detectors were used: The Small-Angle Large-Acceptance Detector (SALAD) [3]for protons emitted at forward polar angles and Plastic Ball [4] for gammas and leptonsemitted at medium and backward polar angles. These detectors and additionalelectronics allow a fast rejection of a huge amount of background elastic scatteredprotons during the experiment.A kinematical overdetermination of the events permits a good selection of proper eventsin the offline analysis. The results obtained so far show that the number of recordeddouble gamma events is of the order of a few tens of thousends. A production ofsimulated events based on the Two-Soft-Photon Model [5] is currently in progress.Presented on:18 th European Conference on Few-Body Problems,Bled, Slovenia, 7-14 September, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Zoran BasrakProject No. 00980104
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 3SILICIFICATION OF UPPER ALBIAN LIMESTONES IN SOUTHERNISTRIA, CROATIABarudžija, UrošFaculty of Mining, Geology, and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThoroughly silicified carbonates appear in Istria (SW Croatia) in three hor<strong>iz</strong>ons (0,5-6mthick) within the transgressive-regressive megasequence of Upper Albian-LowerCampanian age (Tisljar et al., 1995). High SiO 2 content (92-98%) makes these sedimentsa good raw material for glass industry. While the silicified carbonates vary from welllithified to loose, sand-like sedimentary rocks, they were often incorrectly called “quartzrichsandstones” (Gabric et al., 1995). Sedimentological setting of silicified hor<strong>iz</strong>ons withinterbedded stromatolites, mudstones and pelloidal grainstones, suggest peritidaldepositional environment. Abrupt decrease of SiO 2 content in the underlying andsuperimposing beds can be noticed. Several generations of quartz within the silicifiedhor<strong>iz</strong>ons, as well as entirely or partly silicified fossils (foraminifers, ostracods) can beobserved. Some relicts of micritic limestones have been noticed. Although amicropetrographic structure pointed out to a late diagenetic silicification, the abruptdecrease of SiO 2 content at the base, as well as in the superimposed layers puzzled.Microcrystaline dolomite structures found in underlying and superimposing beds, suggestcomplex diagenetic history of the investigated section. REE distribution found in insolubleresidue from silicified hor<strong>iz</strong>ons differs to that in the surrounding limestones and mightindicate their different origin. The source of quartz remains unknown, but it can bespeculated about volcanic material, brought to carbonate platform by wind. Similarappearances of silicified beds in Upper Albian-Lower Campanian limestones that werefound in some distant Adriatic islands indicate regional significance and importance ofthis phenomenon.Presented on:Sediment 2002, 17.Sedimentologen-TreffenFrankfurt a.M./Darmstadt, Germany, 29-31. 05. 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip TišljarProject No. 01950345
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 4CLAY MINERALS WITHIN THE CARBONATE SEQUENCES INTINJAN AREA (Istria, Croatia)Barudžija, Uroš; Tadej, Neven; Aljinović; Dunja; Vrkljan, MajaFaculty of Mining, Geology, and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaClayey limestones in the Upper Albian shallow-marine carbonate sequences from Tinjanarea in Istria (Croatia) were investigated. Two layers of clayey limestone (70-90 wt.% ofcalcite) overlay the sequences containing carbonate breccias, interlaminatedpelsparites/ostracodal micrites and cyanobacterial limestones as well as "quartzdiagenetic sediments" (BARUDŽIJA, 2003). Insoluble residues of clayey limestonespredominantly contain illite and/or mixed-layer illite/smectite dominated by illite layers,illite/smectite with higher amount of smectite layers than previous and randomlyinterstratified minerals. Some of other phyllosilicates, probably smectites, are alsopresent. Insoluble residues also contain quartz (10-20wt. %), feldspars (up to 5wt. %) andamorphous material. Since the appearance of the layers with clayey limestones in UpperAlbian sequences in Istria is closely connected with the appearance of "quartz diageneticsediments" (DURN et al., 2003), this mineral assemblage can be indicative of the origin oftheir parent material.Presented on:2nd Mid-European Clay ConferenceMiškolc, Hungary, 20-24.09.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip TišljarProject No. 01950346
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 5ROSMARINIC ACID SYNTHESIS IN TRANSGENIC CALLUS OFColeus blumei Benth.Bauer, Nataša; Leljak-Levanić, Dunja; Jelaska, SibilaFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaRosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural antioxidant found especially in plants of Lamiaceae andseveral Boraginaceae species. Coleus blumei (Lamiaceae) is well known to producesignificant amount of RA. After leaf transformation of three genotypes of Coleus blumei,using 6 wild and mutant strains of Agrobacterium spp., 16 transgenic callus lines and onehairy root line were established. Among them, two lines (Ac1 and Ac2), induced on thered colored leaves with the wild strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens A281 were comparedmutually. Both lines grew well on hormone-free MS medium. The lines differed in tissuecolor and structure, growth rate and rosmarinic acid (RA) production. After 36 days, thegrowth index on basal MS medium of lines Ac1 and Ac2 were 12.9 and 30, respectively.On average the line Ac1 accumulated 7.49 mg RA and the line Ac2 4.45 mg RA per tube.The growth and RA production of the lines could be modified by the change of themedium composition. Different concentrations of sucrose (30 g/L, 40 g/L, 50 g/L and 70g/L), presence of phenylalanine (0.1 g/L, 0.3 g/L and 1 g/L) and reduction of ammoniumand nitrate ion concentrations in basal MS medium influenced the growth and productionof RA. The line Ac1 produced the highest RA amount (7.09 mg of RA per tube) onmedium with reduced ammonium and nitrate ion concentrations, while the addition ofphenylalanine in nutrient medium was the most efficient for RA production in callus lineAc2 (6.59 mg of RA per tube). Two lines responded differently to the same mediumcomposition, but transgenic callus showed the high potential of RA synthesis.Presented on:13th Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant PhysologyCrete, Greece, 2-6.09.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Sibila JelaskaProject No. 01191117
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 6PHOTOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION OF OXYGEN ANDNITROGEN HETEROSTILBENES TO POLYCYCLIC DERIVATIVESNikola Basarić 1 ; Kristina Butković 1 ; Irena Škorić 1 ; Željko Marinić 2 ; Marija Šindler-Kulyk 11 Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Croatia.2 NMR Center, The Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaIn this presentation a review of our work, published (1-5) and unpublished, on thephotochemical behaviour and transformation of hexatriene system, partially inbeded inaromatic/heteroaromatic ring and substituted or disubstituted with furan, pyrrole andsydnone, to polycyclic derivatives will be illustrated.Heterostilbenes with the extended conjugation in ortho position undergo, besides alreadyknown electrocycl<strong>iz</strong>ation reactions and formation of condensed heteroaromatics, diverseintramolecular cycloaddition reactions and formation of heteropolycyclic compoundsdepending on heteroatom.The furan heteroaromatic analogues of o-vinylstilbene 1a as well as the 5-furansubstituted derivatives undergo intramolecular cycloaddition and formation ofbenzobicyclo-[3.2.1]heptadiene structure with fused furan ring by initial [2+2]cycloaddition and formation of 1,4-biradical followed by allylic rearrangement and ringclosure. The pyrrole analogue of o-vinylstilbene 1b behaves quite different. It undergoesintermolecular addition of the pyrrole moiety at the position 5 to the double bond of theother molecule and formation of dimeric products. The vinyl-group does not participate inthe reaction. The reaction proceeds via electron transfer followed by hydrogen transferand radical combination. We succeeded to obtain the intramolecular reaction andformation of pyrrole fused benzobicyclo-[3.2.1]heptadiene structure by irradiation ofproperly nitrogen substituted pyrrole derivatives. Difuran derivative 1c, depending onconcentration and substitution, reacts intramolecularly giving benzobicyclo-[3.2.1]heptadiene structure or intermolecularly giving cyclophane derivative. Dipyrrolederivative 1d undergoes initial intramolecular reaction to the indane intermediate followedby nucleophilic attack of the starting compound or solvent. When the pyrrole ring is a partof hexatriene system, like in 1e, the reaction proceeds intramolecularly giving indole andisoindole derivatives. In the case of sydnone derivatives 1f and 1g, respectivelyphotochemical decarboxylation followed by intramolecular addition gives quinoline anddiazacyclopentalene derivative.Reaction mechanisms based on isolated products will be discussed.Presented on:XXth IUPAC Symposium on Photochemistry, Granada, Spain, 17-22.07.2004.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Marija ŠindlerProject No. 01250048
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 7SIMULATIONS OF THE TURBULENCE AND DISPERSIONPROCESSES IN A COASTAL REGIONBelušić, Danijel; Koračin, Darko; Kos, Igor; Jeričević, Amela; Horvath, KristianCroatian Hydrological and Meteorological Service, Zagreb, CroatiaTurbulence and associated dispersion processes in the Adriatic coast region have beeninvestigated using a mesoscale atmospheric model (MEMO6) and a newly developedLagrangian Random Particle Dispersion Model. Two cases were examined: (a) land andsea breezes ; and (b) bora wind effects on the transport and dispersion of atmosphericpollutants. Preliminary modeling results demonstrate the impact of coastal topography onthe development of the inhomogeneous land and sea breezes and possibility of therecirculation of the atmospheric pollutants in Kvarner Bay. Thus, during the daytimepollutants travel away from the coast towards the open sea (hence lowering theconcentrations), while during the nighttime the direction of particle motion reverses andenhances the concentrations of pollutants over the land. The simulations of the bora caseindicate rapid dispersion of the plumes and can provide insight into the improvement ofair quality in this coastal region.Presented on:11th Conference on Mountain Meteorology and the Annual Mesoscale Alpine Program(MAP)Bartlett, NH, USA, 21-25.06.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branka Ivančan PicekProject No. 00040019
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 8NANOCRYSTALS OF TRIDYMITE IN OPAL CAVITIESBermanec, V.; Tomašić, N.; Karfunkel, J.; Scholz, R.; Kniewald, G.; Jaksch, H.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaTwo opal samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction and FESEM. Green opal fromGoleš ultramafic rocks was designated as opal–CT. Reddish opal from the Spančevski ridsedimentary sequence was also determined as opal-CT, although it could be consideredas a boundary case with opal-C. Both opals contain other mineral phases like sepiolite orkaolinite and hematite. FESEM images showed on both opal samples the presence ofcavities filled with spheres. The spheres are covered with hexagonally shaped crystalspresumably being tridymite. Common morphological properties of the low and hightemperature forms of tridymite cannot unambiguously confirm the high temperaturehydrothermal stage in the formation of the investigated opal-tridymite association.Presented on:2004 ICAM-BR, Aguas de Lidndoia, Applied Mineralogy,Sao Paolo, Brasil, 19.- 22. 09.2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vladimir BermanecProject No. 011942010
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 9UNUSUAL ANATASE CRYSTAL FROM THE DIAMANTINA REGION(Mintas Gerais, Brasil)Bermanec, V.; Karfunkel, J.; Zebec, V.; Scholz, R.; Menezes, L.; Chaves, M.N.S.C.;Tomašić, N.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaUnusual doubly terminated anatase crystals were found in aluvial deposits nearDiamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. They are colourless to ochre brown and black in colourwith frequently octahedral habit resembling to diamonds. The crystals are usually smallwith the largest individuals not exceeding 2 cm. They are rarely rounded indicating shorttransport. Two types of anatase crystals were investigated. One type has simple crystalhabit only with faces of {;011};present. Another type occurs in a form of complexdipyramidal crystals in parallel growth resembling to small swards. The central crystal isthe biggest one and every further crystal is smaller. This formation ends up with {;013};and {;017}; form. It frequently happens for the smaller crystals to obey parallel growthboth on the top and the bottom of the central crystal. Sometimes they are arranged at thecorners of the central crystal like satellites containing pinacoid beside dipyramids. Also,these complex formations can vary in respect to the s<strong>iz</strong>e of the smaller crystal, but alsocan contain additional forms, for instance {;112};. X-ray diffraction experiments onpowdered samples confirm the presence of anatase and rutile. The calculated unit cellparameters for anatase are a=3.773(2) Å ; , c=9.475(9) Å ; and V=134.9(2) Å ; 3,suggesting no important substitutions in its crystal structure. Along rutile, two types ofmica, zircon, monazite-(Ce) and Mg-Fe carbonate were identified using SEM equippedwith EDS. The relationship between anatase and rutile seems to be complex since rutilewas found in a form of needle-like inclusions in anatase, but also some completepsudomorphs of rutile after anatase with preserved anatase morphology were collected.These different types of anatase-rutile occurrence impart contradictory interpretations oftheir formation, as rutile included in anatase can be considered to have formed first, butthe one found as a pseudomorph on anatase obviously grew later.Presented on:32nd International Geological Congress,Firenze, Italy, 20 - 28 August 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vladimir BermanecProject No. 011942011
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 10PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION PROBLEM OF A Nb- AND Y-RICH MINERAL OF AESCHYNITE MINERAL GROUPBermanec, V.; Tomašić, N.; KniewaldFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaComplex oxides of Nb, Ta, Ti and REE frequently show a tendency for large scale cationsubstitution on certain atomic positions in crystal structure. The aeschynite mineral groupwith general formula AB2O6 is a typical representative of this phenomenon as cations aremutually interchanged on A and B sites of the crystal structure. REE3+, Ca2+ and Th4+predominantly occupy site A while Ti4+, Nb5+ and Ta5+ occupy site B. The dominantsubstitution mechanism is Ca2+ + (Nb5+, Ta5+) REE3+ + Ti4+. This mechanismleads to an occurence of different mineral group members. The diffraction data of theinvestigated mineral sample originating from Bear Lake, Ontario, Canada, are closest tothose of aeschynite mineral group being most similar to the mineral once calledlyndochite. The comparison of its chemical data to those of aeschynite group mineralsalso shows a close similarity to previous findings of lyndochite and to niobo-aeschynitesas well. The chemical composition also partly resembles euxenite. However, diffractiondata with the most prominent peaks (intensities in parentheses) 3.088 (20), 3.018 (100)and 2.939 (69) are more common for aeschynite group minerals. This is also the casewith the unit cell parameters (a = 5.290(4)Å, b = 10.983(5)Å, c = 7.467(4)Å, V =433.8(3)Å3) having the values between those for niobo-aeschynite-(Ce) and aeschynite-(Y).The calculated chemical formula is(REE0.53Ca0.31Fe2+0.11Th0.18U0.009)(Nb0.95Ti0.92Ta0.07)O6. On site B Nb isdominant, thus the mineral is close to niobo-aeschynites. However, all known nioboaeschyniteshave Ce or Nd as the dominant cation on site A while Y is the dominantcation in this case. In aeschynite group Y is dominant cation on position A in the case ofaeschynite-(Y). So, the investigated mineral could be treated as a boundary casebetween aeschynite-(Y) and niobo-aeschynite.Presented on:18th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical AssociationEdinburgh 1. -6. 09.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vladimir BermanecProject No. 011942012
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 11RELICTS OF LIVING ORGANISMS ON FELDSPAR FROMSPITZKOPPE, NAMIBIABermanec, V.; Tomašić, N.; Sremac, J.; Niku-Paavola, V.; Kniewald, G.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaDuring the investigation of green feldspar (amazonite) from the Spitzkoppe pegmatite,Namibia, relicts of living organisms were found in cavities on the surface of the crystals.The images produced by scanning electron microscopy show at least four differentmorphologies, which can be related to living organisms. The first finding is a plateapproximately 1 µ ; m × 1.2 µ ; m large with round pores regularly distributed in basicallyequidistant rows. This plate could be a fragment of foraminiferal skeleton. The secondfinding is presumably a living organism remnant. It is elongated section of possibleskeleton bearing organism about 10 µ ; m × 2 µ ; m large. The third structure consists of afew agglomerated subspherical individuals about 1 µ ; m in diameter. The agglomerationshave a fishbone-type pattern and resemble either blue-green algae or cocci. The lastfinding consists of a few oval-shaped individuals about 1 µ ; m long, which could beremnants of blue-green algae or an aggregate of fermentation bacteria. These livingorganisms on feldspar are rather unusual, especially if their origin is considered. It islikely that these organisms have been transported by wind from other environment to thedesert area, although some of them could also have lived under local circumstances.Presented on:32nd International Geological Congress,Firenze, Italy, 20 - 28 August 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vladimir BermanecProject No. 011942013
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 12INVESTIGATION OF AUXIN ACTIVITY BY THEORETICAL METHODSBranimir Bertoša; Sanja Tomić ; Biserka Kojić-ProdićRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaAuxins are the first identified plant hormones that regulate plant growth. Previously wehave derived 3D QSAR model for predicting their activity by combining similarity analysisof molecular interaction fields (MIFs) with prediction of logP and/or logD. In this wayactivity of about one hundred auxin-related compounds was, mostly successfully,predicted. The recently determined crystal structure of the auxin-binding protein 1(ABP1), the best candidate for an auxin receptor, enabled validation of our approach bydocking study. Several compounds with different auxin activity were docked into thebinding site of ABP1 and the complexes were subject to molecular dynamics and MonteCarlo simulations. The calculations were performed using GB-SA continuum solventmodel implemented in the Macromodel software. The results revealed possibleexplanations for the signal transfer induced by presence of auxin molecules.Presented on :EMBO Course on Biomolecular simulation"Paris, France. 18.-25.07.2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Biserka Kojić-ProdićProject No. 009803614
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 13NEW CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVECOMPOUNDS BASED ON SIMILARITY OF THEY MOLECULARINTERACTIONS AND logP PREDICTIONBranimir Bertoša 1 ; Sanja Tomić 1 ; Michael Ramek 3 ; Rebecca C. Wade 2 ; BiserkaKojić-Prodić 11)Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia2)European Media Biology Laboratory, Villa Bosch, Heidelberg, Germany3)Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Graz,AustriaPreviously we have developed a method for classification of (biologically active)compounds based on similarity of their molecular interaction fields. Herein we will presentour new, more complex model that combines molecular interaction field analysis with thelogP prediction. The method is conformation dependent and because of this elucidationof the biologically active conformation of a molecule is possible. The method is tested ona set of about hundred auxin related compounds. In the first run the auxin relatedmolecules were classified on the basis of similarity of their interaction fields, only. Furtheron the influence of logP value to biological activity was taken into account. This resultedwith the classification improvement. The majority of the analyzed compounds wereclassified in accord with the experimental data available.Presented on:The first Central European Conference "CHEMISTRY TOWARDS BIOLOGY",Portorož, Slovenia. 8-12.09.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Biserka Kojić-ProdićProject No. 009803615
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 14NEW CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURE FOR BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVECOMPOUNDS BASED ON SIMILARITY OF THEIR MOLECULARINTERACTIONS AND logP PREDICTIONBranimir Bertoša, Sanja Tomić, Biserka Kojić-ProdićRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.The activity of biological compounds is dependent on both specific binding to targetreceptors and ADME properties (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion). Achallenge to prediction of biological activity is to consider both these types ofcontributions simultaneously in deriving quantitative models. Previously we havedeveloped a method for classification of (biologically active) compounds based onsimilarity of their molecular interaction fields. Herein we will present our new, morecomplex model that combines molecular interaction field analysis with the logP prediction.The method is conformation dependent and because of this elucidation of the biologicallyactive conformation of a molecule is possible. The method is tested on a set of abouthundred auxin related compounds. In the first run the auxin related molecules wereclassified on the basis of similarity of their interaction fields, only. Further on the influenceof logP value to biological activity was taken into account. This resulted with theclassification improvement and indicates that the method is especially efficient in caseswhere biological activity of compounds is correlated with their transport through cellmembranes. The majority of the analyzed compounds were classified in accord with theexperimental data available.Presented on :HUMBOLTD RESEARCH CONFERENCE ON COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRYVeliko Turnovo, Bulgaria, 30. 10. - 03. 11. 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Biserka Kojić-ProdićProject No. 009803616
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 15MUCILAGE EVENT IN THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA- CHANGESIN MICROBIAL COMMUNITY DURING AGING OF AGGREGATESBlažina, Maria; Najdek, Mirjana; Kraus, Romina; Fuks, DragicaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaThe fatty acid composition of mucilaginous aggregates, bacterial isolates from their platedcultures (marine agar) and direct inoculates (marine broth), were determined in samplescollected in the northern Adriatic. All plated aggregates irrespectively of the season,aggregate s<strong>iz</strong>e or phytoplankton community within contained isolates belonging togamma-Proteobacteria like, alpha-Proteobacteria like and Cytophaga like bacteria. Therelative number of bacterial isolates clustered with each of three groups was significantlydifferent between aggregates. The highest relative proportion of gamma-Proteobacterialike colonies was found in freshly formed aggregates (low bacterial contribution, earlierphases of diatom exponential growth). In aged aggregates (the highest bacterialcontribution, advanced diatom exponential growth) the relative proportion of bacterialcolonies with CF- like profiles was at maximum. Contributions of more than one bacterialgroup, with increasing proportion of CF-like isolates (gamma and CF ; alpha and CF)were noticed in aging aggregates, with intermediate characteristics. The results showedthat during the aggregate aging processes, degradation of the mucous matrix, bacterialsuccessions and the phytoplankton growth took place inside all of the aggregates. Suchaging pattern was confirmed in laboratory experiment with aggregates inhabited withCylindrotheca closterium. In spite of the fact that advanced growth and domination ofCylindrotheca closterium were usually determined in aging and aged aggregates, duringthe summer 2002 the domination of this epipelic diatom was found in numerous freshlyformed aggregates. The results suggest that this species is not only able to colonise theaggregates, but also it might have an important role in the mucilage events.Presented on:Scientific and policy challenges towards an effective management of the marineenvironment - emphasis on the Black Sea and the Mediterranean regionsVarna, Bulgaria, 12-18.10.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Danilo DegobbisProject No. 009811117
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 16DRAGONFLY FAUNA (Odonata) OF THE BARANJASURROUNDINGS (Croatia)Bogdanović T., Durbešić P., Mikuška J.Faculty of Philosophy, University of Osijek, CroatiaDuring the period from 1997 - 2003, the first systematic investigations of dragonflies ofthe Baranja surroundings were carried out at 30 locations. The following methods wereused: the method of collecting by entomological nets, the method of strolling andobserving and the method of taking photographs. Mapping and digital analyses of thedata were done by GIS tehnology, and the ArcView 3,0 program was used. Thesimilarities of fauna were established according to the method of SØRENSEN (1948). Onthe basis of the 2893 collected individuals at different stages of life (larvae - exuvia andadult individuals), a total of 48 species, 22 genuses, 8 families i 2 suborders of the orderOdonata were established. Out of this number, 5 species are newly registered in thefauna of that area: Coenagrion ornatum, Hemianax ephippiger, Libellula fulva, Orthetrumcoerulescens, and Sympetrum flaveolum. The greatest abundance in qualitative structure(frequency of encounter) was found in the species: Aeshna mixta, Coenagrion puella,Ischnura elegans, Orthetrum albistylum, Sympetrum striolatum, and the smallest in thespecies: Lestes macrostigma, Sympetrum danae, Sympetrum depressiusculum iSympetrum fonscolombei. The established qualitative structure of the dragonflies of thethe Baranja area represents 66,66% of the total number of species in Croatia whichproves that the investigated area is significant for the protection of the biodiversity of thedragonfly fauna.Presented on:Internat. Assoc. Danube Res. Limnological Reports 35 th Conference,Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jozsef MikuškaProject No. 012200618
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 17DRAGONFLAY FAUNA IN REPAŠ FORESTBogdanović, T., Mikuška, J.Faculty of Philosophy, University of Osijek, CroatiaDuring the period from June – September 2000., the first systematic investigations ofdragonflies of the Repaš forest complex were carried out at 6 locations. The followingmethods were used: the method of collecting by entomological nets, the method ofstrolling and observing and the method of taking photographs. Mapping and digitalanalyses of the data were done by GIS tehnology, and the ArcView 3,0 program wasused. The similarities of fauna were established according to the method of SØRENSEN(1948). On the basis of the 663 collected individuals at different stages of life (larvae -exuvia and adult individuals), a total of 42 species, 22 genuses, 8 families i 2 subordersof the order Odonata were established. Out of this number, 38 species are newlyregistered in the fauna of that area: Calopteryx virgo, Calopteryx splendens, Chalcolestesviridis, Lestes barbarus, Lestes virens, Lestes sponsa, Lestes dryas, Sympecma fusca,Platycnemis pennipes, Erythromma najas, Erythromma viridulum, Coenagrion ornatum,Coenagrion pulchellum, Enallagma cyathigerum, Ischnura pumilio, Aeshna mixta, Aeshnaaffinis, Aeshna viridis, Anax imperator, Anax parthenope, Brachytron pratense, Gomphusflavipes, Gomphus vulgatissimus, Somatochlora metallica, Somatochlora flavomaculata,Epitheca bimaculata, Libellula quadrimaculata, Libellula fulva, Libellula depressa, Orthetrumcancellatum, Orthetrum albistylum, Orthetrum coerulescens, Crocothemis erythraea,Sympetrum striolatum, Sympetrum vulgatum, Sympetrum meridionale, Sympetrumsanguineum and Leucorrhinia pectoralis. The greatest abundance in qualitative structure(frequency of encounter) was found in the species: Calopteryx splendens, Platycnemispennipes, Coenagrion puella, Ischnura elegans, Anaciaeschna isosceles and thesmallest in the species: Chalcolestes viridis, Coenagrion ornatum, Brachytron pratenseand Gomphus flavipes. The established qualitative structure of the dragonflies of theRepaš forest complex area represents 57,53 % of the total number of species in Croatiawhich proves that the investigated area is significant for the protection of the biodiversityof the dragonfly fauna.Presented on:Complex-International Scientific Conference «50 Years University of Forestry»Sofia, Bulgaria, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jozsef MikuškaProject No. 012200619
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 18DRAGONFLY FAUNA OF KOPAČKI RIT WETLANDSBogdanović, T., Mikuška, J., Durbešić, P.Faculty of Philosophy, University of Osijek, CroatiaDuring the period from 1997 - 2001, the first systematic investigations of dragonflies ofthe Kopački Rit Nature Park were carried out at 15 locations. The following methodswere used: the method of collecting by entomological nets, the method of strolling andobserving and the method of taking photographs. Mapping and digital analyses of thedata were done by GIS tehnology, and the ArcView 3,0 program was used. Thesimilarities of fauna were established according to the method of SØRENSEN (1948). Onthe basis of the 2266 collected individuals at different stages of life (larvae - exuvia andadult individuals), a total of 48 species, 22 genuses, 8 families i 2 suborders of the orderOdonata were established. Out of this number, 5 species are newly registered in thefauna of that area: Coenagrion ornatum, Hemianax ephippiger, Libellula fulva, Orthetrumcoerulescens, and Sympetrum flaveolum. The greatest abundance in qualitativestructure (frequency of encounter) was found in the species: Aeshna mixta, Coenagrionpuella, Ischnura elegans, Orthetrum albistylum, Sympetrum striolatum, and the smallestin the species: Lestes macrostigma, Sympetrum danae, Sympetrum depressiusculum iSympetrum fonscolombei. The established qualitative structure of the dragonflies of thethe Kopački Rit area represents 66,66% of the total number of species in Croatia whichproves that the investigated area is significant for the protection of the biodiversity of thedragonfly fauna.Presented on:Internat. Assoc. Danube Res. Limnological Reports 34 th Conference,Tulcea, Romania, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jozsef MikuškaProject No. 012200620
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 19FAMILY Candaciidae (Copepoda, Calanoida) IN THE CENTRAL ANDSOUTH ADRIATIC SEABojanić, D.Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Dubrovnik, CroatiaThe family Candaciidae was investigated during nine cruises in the Central and SouthAdriatic. Six species of adults and their copepodites, all of which were present in lowabundance, were found typically in subsurface layers of coastal stations. These are thefirst data on the abundance and distribution of the copepodites of this family in theAdriatic Sea.Presented on:37th Congress of the International Commission for the Scientific Exploration of theMediterranean (CIESM),Barcelona, Spain, 7-11 June 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Frano KršinićProject No. 000100121
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 20ABUNDANCE AND BIOMASS OF NONLORICATE CILIATEPOPULATIONS IN KAŠTELA BAY (Adriatic Sea)Bojanić, N.Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Dubrovnik, CroatiaSeasonal distributions of nonloricate ciliates (NLC) density and biomass wereinvestigated in the north-eastern part of the Kaštela Bay, Croatia. The highest NLCabundance (2040 ind.l -1 ) and biomass (6.844 µgC l -1 ) were recorded in June 1999 at thesurface, and in October 1999 at 10 m depth, respectively.Presented on:37th Congress of the International Commission for the Scientific Exploration of theMediterranean (CIESM),Barcelona, Spain, 7-11 lipnja 2004,Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Frano KršinićProject No. 000100122
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 21SEASONAL CHANGES IN DENSITY AND BIOMASS OF CILIATEDPROTOZOA IN THE EUTROPHICATED PART OF KAŠTELA BAY(Middle Adriatic)Bojanić, N.Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Dubrovnik, CroatiaSeasonal distribution of the ciliated protozoa was studied in the eastern part of theKaštela Bay from May 1998 until November 1999. Besides the abundance, we calculatedbiovolume of ciliates applying geometrical method and transformed those values intocarbon biomass. These are the first data for annual variability of non-loricate ciliates andtintinnines in eutrophicated area of the Kaštela Bay. The biomass data are the first for themiddle Adriatic and one of very few for the whole Adriatic Sea. The ciliates showed peaksin spring and autumn, what was primarily influenced by seasonal distribution oftintinnines. This group participated in total ciliate number and biomass with 40.48% and60.02%, respectively. Quantitatively dominant tintinnine species were Helicostomellasubulata and Codonellopsis schabi, that could have importance in microbial food web incoastal ecosystems. The highest tintinnine density was 4278 ind.l -1 , while their averagebiomass oscillated from 0.611 to 26.557 µgC l -1 . Annual variability of the non-loricatedensity was influenced by changes in numbers of the second (10 3 -10 4 µm 3 ) and the third(10 4 -10 5 µm 3 ) s<strong>iz</strong>e categories and the biomass variability with the organisms >10 4 µm 3 .Maximal average density and biomass of non-loricates were 1430 ind.l -1 and 3.925 µgC l -1 , respectively.High abundance and biomass values of investigated zooplankton groups point theimportance of these organisms in the secondary production in the Bay, indicating thatthey could act as crucial factor in control of populations of nano and pico phytoplanktonand heterotrophic nanoflagellates as well as a prey for larger micrometazoans.Presented on:4 th European congress of protistology and 10 th European conference on ciliate biology,San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy, 31.8. - 5.9. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Frano KršinićProject No. 000100123
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 22MULTI SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF SMALL COPEPODPOPULATIONS IN THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEA FROM 1993 TO1997Bojanić, D. & Kršinić, F.Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Dubrovnik, CroatiaSmall copepods were sampled at fixed western (SJ101 and SJ108) and eastern (SJ107)stations in the northern Adriatic Sea during eleven cruises in 1993, nine in 1994, eight,both in 1995 and 1996, seven in 1997. The samples were collected using a five litterNiskin bottle and the analysis was performed using a sedimentation method.Nauplii are the most numerous ( 70–75 % of the total number). The maximum value isnoted in August, 1997, on average 237.25 ind./dm 3 at the SJ107 station. Copepoditesand adult small Calanoida, order Cyclopoida and order Poecilostomatoida are almostequally represented (7–10 %). Genus Euterpina and Microsetella (order Harpacticoida)are not of great quantitative significance (0.5–1 %). They appear very sporadically, a littlemore numerous in autumn.A changes in the structure were analysed, as well as vertical and hor<strong>iz</strong>ontal distribution ofsmall copepods and populations density during the appearance of mucous aggregates.Presented on:3rd International Zooplankton Production Symposium,Gijon, Spain, 20-23 May, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Frano KršinićProject No. 000100124
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 23Cyclotella Striata (Kützing) Grun. IN THE EASTERN COASTALADRIATIC SEABurić, Zrinka; Caput, Katarina; Cetinić, Ivona; Viličić, Damir; Carić, MarinaFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe centric diatom Cyclotella striata is a common planktonic species in temperateestuaries as well as in the eastern coastal Adriatic Sea. We determined seasonalappearance of the species in the eastern Adriatic Zrmanja River estuary in the periodfrom June 1998 - February 2001. The estuary is highly stratified (salt wedge), with sharphalocline. The depth of the halocline is determined by the Zrmanja river inflow. In summersalinity was high due to low river inflow. The highest inflow (avg 65 m3 s-1) and lowestsalinity was registered in the period December - April. Annual temperature varies from 6.7- 26.55 º ; C (avg 16.39 º ; C), and the salinity from 0 - 38 psu (avg 18.97 psu).Concentration of nutrients was low and transparency high, implying the oligotrophy of theestuary. In the Zrmanja Estuary microphytoplankton was mostly composed of diatoms(avg 1.9 x 105 cellsL-1), while dinoflagelates (avg 103 cellsL-1) and cocolithophorids (1.2x 102 cellsL-1) were less abundant. Diatom Cyclotella striata was abundant species inspring (March - May), providing maximum of 2 x 106 cellsL-1. It appeared mostly in shortchains of cells with valve diametar of about 8µ ; m and pervalval axis length of about 5 µ ;m. Cyclotella striata is marine diatom, but prefers decreased salinity. It could be mostlydetected in the salinity range between 13 and 30 psu, with maximum development withinthe range of 13 to 17 psu. It was most abundant in and below the halocline. Due to suchtermohaline preferences C. striata was mostly distributed in the middle reach of theZrmanja Estuary (in the area of stations N1 and Z1). In the upper reach of the estuary,average abundance was much lower. Cyclotella striata preferred temperatures from10 -17 ˚ ; C. Outer stations were character<strong>iz</strong>ed by more stabile ecological conditions andmore constant appearance of C. striata.Presented on:14. Hungarian algological meetingGod, Hungary, 02-04.04.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Damir ViličićProject No. 011914425
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 24MICROPHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION ACROSS THE FRONTALSYSTEM IN NORTHEN ADRIATIC (February, 2003)Cetinić, Ivona; Viličić, Damir; Burić, ZrinkaFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaMicrophytoplankton composition was analysed along two transects: Po-Novigrad (PoN)and Pula - Rimini (PR) in the Northern Adriatic Sea, during the February cruise 2003. ThePR transect was highly influenced by the freshwater discharge from the Po River.Complex frontal system was defined following gradient of salinity, temperature andmicrophytoplankton composition. Thermohaline gradient along the PR transect wasstronger than that along the PoN transect. According to salinity affinity, PCA analysis ofspecies abundance reveals existence of 4 characteristic groups of phytoplankton in thenorthern Adriatic.Presented on:Congress de Centre international pur l'explorationscientifique de la Mer MediterraneeBarcelona, Spain2. - 7. 06.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Damir ViličićProject No. 011914426
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 25PHYTOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGRS ACROSS THE ISTRIANFRONTAL ZONE IN THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC (RV Knorr and RVVila Velebita cruises, February 2003)Cetinić, Ivona; Viličić, Damir; Burić, ZrinkaFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaPhytoplankton distribution in the Northern Adriatic was analyzed using 109 discrete watersamples, taken on 86 stations, during the RV Knorr and RV Vila Velebita cruises inFebruary 2003. We used microphytoplankton species as biomarkers to investigaterelationship between water movements and resulting biological properties. Differentmicrophytoplankton assemblages were found across the Istrian front. Assemblagesemerging from the species-abundance data were analysed by the method of MultiDimensional Scaling (MDS), providing evidence of the complex structure ofphytoplankton communities in February.Presented on:Venice Adriatic Workshop 2004Venice, Italy, 14. - 16.06.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Damir ViličićProject No. 011914427
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 26EFFECTS OF IMMUNOMODULATORY DRUGS ON GALECTIN-3S. Dabelić, J. Dumić and M. FlögelFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, CroatiaGalectin-3, a 29-32 kDa β-galactoside binding lectin, is implicated in many biologicalprocesses, (e.g. growth regulation, pre-mRNA splicing, cell differentiation, neoplastictransformation and tumor metastasis). It plays a key role in immune responses bymodulating T-cell apoptosis, proliferation, cell adhesion, chemotaxis and synthesis ofinflammatory mediators such as cytokines, nitric oxide and prostaglandines. Galectin-3expression is influenced by various stimuli but the precise regulatory mechanisms arenot yet elucidated. In our previous studies we showed the involvement of the NF-kappaBand AP-1 transcription factors in regulation of galectin-3 expression. It was also shownthat galectin-3 expression in macrophages is regulated by Ras/MAP kinase signallingpathway. The mentioned transcription factors and signalling pathway are stronglyinfluenced by many anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of our study was to determine theeffects of steroid (hydrocortisone - HC and dexamethasone - Dex) as well as non-steroidimmunomodulatory drugs (aspirin – Asp and indomethacin - Ind) on the expression ofgalectin-3 both on the mRNA and protein level. The human monocytic cell line THP-1was exposed to various concentrations of Asp (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM), Ind (0.1, 1, 5 and10 µM), HC (0.1, 1, 5 and 10 µM) and Dex (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 nM) during 1, 3, 5, 24, 48or 72 hrs. The target gene mRNA level is evaluated using relative RT-PCR method andGeneScan analysis software. The results showed that all concentrations of applied drugshalved the galectin-3 mRNA level already after 1 h of exposure (except 0.1 mM aspirinwhich showed that effect after 24 h) and that the level of mRNA continued to decreaseduring time, and was only 4-30% of the initial value after 72 h. Surprisingly, the proteinexpression measured by chemiluminescent-western blot analysis didn’t follow the samepattern – the decrease was observed only after 48 and 72 h of exposure, when thegalectin-3 level fell on 70% and 50% of the initial value, respectively.Presented on:9 th Annual Meeting of The Society of Glycobiology – US/Japan Glyco 2004,Honolulu, USA, November 17-20, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mirna Flögel-MršićProject No. 000661128
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 27A SINGLE MUTATION IN α/β-FOLD PROTEIN FAMILY CAUSESDEFECTIN PROTEIN PROCESSINGAntonella De Jaco 1 , Zrinka Kovarik 1,3 , Davide Comoletti 1 , Lori L. Jennings 1 , GuidoGaietta 2 , Mark H. Ellisman 2 and Palmer Taylor 1Departments of Pharmacology 1 and Neurosciences 2 and National Center for Microscopyand Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, USA;3 Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, CroatiaA Arg to Cys mutation in the extracellular domain of neuroligin-3 (NL3) was recentlyfound in a twin set with autism and genomic mapping has revealed a correspondence inthe locations of chromosomal alterations at the positions of the four neuroligin genes 1 .The Cys substitution led to specific retention of the mutated NL3 into the endoplasmicreticulum (ER) 2 . NL3, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE),as members of the α/β-hydrolase fold family of proteins, share over 30% of amino acididentity and other structural features in their extracellular domains. In particular, Arg451 inNL3 is conserved in the α/β-hydrolase fold family being homologous to Arg386 in BuChEand Arg395 in AChE. A Cys substitution at the homologous Arg in the BuChE was foundstudying post-succinylcholine apnea in an Australian population 3 .We have made the homologous mutation in the mouse AChE and BuChE genes andstudied the expression, activity and sub-cellular local<strong>iz</strong>ation of the mutated proteins inHEK293 cells. Consistent with the findings in NL3, we observed that the Arg to Cysmutations resulted in ER retention of the proteins. Our data also indicate that the ERretainedprotein was enzymatically active with catalytic constants nearly identical to thewild type enzyme, hence, a global misfolding of protein is not responsible for the retentionof the protein. Immunofluorescence experiments showed that the mutated protein colocal<strong>iz</strong>edwith the ER marker calnexin. Taken together, these data suggest that the ERretention involves the formation of disulfide bonds between ER oxidoreductases and themutated Cys residue.We demonstrate here that the Arg to Cys mutations results in an identical alterations inthe cellular phenotype for the various members of the α/β-hydrolase fold family proteinsand we suggest that this specific residue when modified to cysteine influences theprocessing and secretion of proteins in the α/β-hydrolase fold family.Presented on:VIII International Meeting on Cholinesterases,Perugia, Italy, 26-30. 09. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Vera SimeonProject No. 002201429
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 28RECENT CHANGES OF THE OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS ANDEUTROPHICATION DEGREE IN THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEADjakovac, Tamara; Degobbis, Danilo; Precali, Robert; Smodlaka, NenadRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaSignificant seasonal and long-term fluctuations of oceanographic, chemical and biologicalproperties in the northern Adriatic were observed in the period 1972-1992 due to variable(primarily climatic) and anthoropogenic factors. In fact, the shallow northern Adriaticpelagic ecosystem is very sensitive to changes of the nutrient load, primarily due to thePo River contribution that accounts for about 75% of the total nutrient inputs in the region.Data related to oceanographic parameters (temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen),nutrients and chlorophyll a were collected approximately monthly in the period 1993-2000at 5 stations at the Rovinj-Po Delta profile. These data, as well as the Po River flow rates,were analysed and compared to the previously observed long-term changes for periodssince 1972. It was established that in the nineties significant changes in the hydrologicalregime of the Po River occurred, character<strong>iz</strong>ed by frequently higher flow rates in Octoberand November compared to previous periods. As a consequence, nutrient andchlorophyll a concentrations were maximal in autumn, while the spring values were lowerthan in the seventies and eighties. Changes in concentrations of nitrate and orthosilicatein the surface layers was primarily related to the distribution of freshned waters, while fororthophosphate, ammonia and nitrite different biological processes have played a moreimportant role (assimilation, regeneration and nitrification). Eutrophication degreeappeared to be higher in the period 1993-2000 than in the late eighties, when significantdecreases of orthophosphate concentrations in the Po River occcurred, but still lowerthan in the early eighties. Interestingly, in previous periods, near anoxia events appearedmore frequently than in the period 1993-2000. The main reason is that the higher nutrientload by the Po River in the autumn has minor effect on the ecosystem than in the springbecause of the vertical and hor<strong>iz</strong>ontal exchanges of the water masses. Excessivelyproduced organic matter is therefore less likely to accumulate near bottom and lessoxygen is consumed for the remineral<strong>iz</strong>ation processes.Presented on:Scientific and policy challenges towards an effective management of the marineenvironment - emphasis on the Black Sea and the Mediterranean regionsVarna, Bulgaria; 12-18.10.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Danilo DegobbisProject No. 009811130
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 29HOW STRESS AFFECTS SIALYLTRANSFERASES?J. Dumić; S. Dabelic; M Flögel; G. LaucFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, CroatiaPsychological stress is one of the main effectors that influence health in the modernworld. Metabolic response to stress is a very complex physiological process that involvesnumerous organs and organ systems. Many stress-induced molecular changes havebeen documented in the past years, but key molecular mechanisms that lead todetrimental effects of stress are still not known. In addition to hormonal signals, currentphysiological state and past events appear to be essential regulators of the cellularresponse to stress. Since protein glycosylation is a kind of "cellular memory", wehypothes<strong>iz</strong>ed that it might have an important role in the stress response. In the lastcouple of years we have found numerous stress-induced changes in proteinglycosylation, lectin expression and glycosyltransferase activity. Interestingly, in somesystems different stressors were found to have exactly opposite effects. Notable exampleis the activity of sialyltransferases in rat models of psychological stress. Althoughinfluenced by exactly same hormonal signals, in some tissues sialyltransferase activitywas induced, while in others it was suppressed.Presented on:The third International Glycosyltransferase Symposium,Djurönäset, Stockholm, September 11-22, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mirna Flögel-MršićProject No. 000661131
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 30ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT FROMPETROLEUM INDUSTRY IN CROATIADurn, Goran; Gaurina-Meñimurec, Nediljka; Veronek, Boris; Mesić, Sanja; Fröschl,Heinz; Mileusnić, MartaFaculty of Mining, Geology, and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaPart of the technological waste produced in petroleum industry in Croatia is hazardouswaste. Such kind of waste is treated with lime and through processes of stabil<strong>iz</strong>ation /solidification it transforms in poorly soluble - inert material which is then deposited incentral oilfield pits. Stabil<strong>iz</strong>ation/solidification with lime is worldwide used as a techniqueof treatment of organic and inorganic technological waste. Foreign experiences showedthat by usage of this technique for treatment of organic technological waste, or waste withorganic and inorganic pollutants, sufficient reduction of pollutant movement in theenvironment is not caused. Due to this fact, one has to be careful in its application. Thenew techniques of treatment are beeing developed for materials which contain organic orinorganic and organic pollutants. The aim of this research was to examine alternativeways of treatment of technological waste from petroleum industry. The sample oftechnological waste from central oilfield pit Vinkovci was treated in laboratory conditionswith application of single material or application of material combinations: (a) cement, (b)organophilic clay, (c) calcined Moler clay, (d) lime + organophilic clay + bentonite, (e)cement + organophilic clay + bentonite, (f) lime + calcined Moler clay and (g) cement +calcined Moler clay. The sample of technological waste treated with lime was used forcomparison of results. The following parameters were determined in treated samples: (a)total oils, (b) mineral oils, (c) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16) and (d) heavy metalsand potentially toxic elements (10). The content of stated parameters is determined inoriginal samples and their destilled water lecheates. The most successful treatment formajority of parameters was treatment with organophilic clay. Such treated samplereleases, for example, 63 times less total oils, 67 times less mineral oils, 798 times lessnaphthalene and 136 times less lead than sample treated with lime. The organophilicclay, as the most successful material, is followed by calcined Moler clay. The obtainedresults clearly show that reduction of hydrocarbons content with some of the fieldacceptable ways and detailed chemical analysis of left organic and inorganic pollutantshas to be done before the selection of the best method for treatment of technologicalwaste in petroleum industry. Depending on results of analysis, hazardous technologicalwaste can be treated more effective by application of more suitable materials (e.g.organophilic clay) which reduce pollutant release from such treated waste in theenvironment. In this way the problem of permanent disposal of treated waste can besolved.Presented on:2nd Mid-European Clay ConferenceMiškolc, Hungary, 20-24.09.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip TišljarProject No. 019503432
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 31THE ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF CROATIAN ISOLATES OF Erwiniaamylovora (Burill) Winslow et al.Edyta ðermić 1 ; Damir ðermić 2 ; Bogdan Cvjetković 11 Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia2 Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaSamples of different plant species resembling fire blight symptoms were collected ineastern Croatia from 1998 until 2001. Bacteria Erwinia amylovora, the organism causingfire blight, was extracted from the samples. After purification, bacterial isolates wereidentified as Erwinia amylovora by conventional laboratory methods, including ELISA testand by PCR. The sensitivity of Croatian isolates to various antibiotics was tested byplating a suspension of overnight cultures on media containing different antibiotics. Alltested isolates, even if they were from different locations and from different hosts, weresensitive to all the antibiotics used, including streptomycin. This was expected since noantibiotics are allowed in plant disease control in Croatia.Presented on:10 th International workshop on fire blight,Bologna, Italy, 5.-9. 7.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Erika Salaj - ŠmicProject No. 009807033
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 32CORRELATION OF BIOMETRIC PARAMETERS WITHMETALLOTHIONEIN AND CYTOSOLIC METAL LEVELS (Zn, Cu, Cd)IN LIVER, KIDNEY AND BRAIN OF Mullus surmuletus AND L<strong>iz</strong>aaurata FROM THE EASTERN ADRIATIC SEAFilipović, Vlatka; Raspor, BiserkaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaThe present study was initiated as the collaborative project with Norwegian Institute forWater Research to define the fluctuations of metallothionein (MT) and metal levels inliver, kidney and brain of two wild fish species, representative for the Eastern AdriaticSea. The studied marine area (Kastela Bay) is affected by industrial and domesticwastewater inputs. Fish tissues of Mullus surmuletus (striped red mullet), benthic speciesand L<strong>iz</strong>a aurata (golden gray mullet), pelagic species, were homogenised and centrifugedat 50000xg to get cytosolic fraction (S50) which was appropriately diluted, heat-treatedand analysed on MT and metal (Zn, Cu, Cd) content. MTs were analysed by differentialpulse polarography and metals by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The resultsshow species and tissue dependence. Highest MT and metal levels are determined inliver of L<strong>iz</strong>a aurata (0.39± ; ; 0.06 milligram MT/millilitre S50 ; 6.46± ; ; 3.45 microgramCu/millilitre S50) and in kidney of Mullus surmuletus (0.57± ; ; 0.15 milligramMT/millilitre S50 ; 1.13 ; ; 0.50 microgram Zn/millilitre S50). Our results support the role ofliver and kidney as main detoxification organs. Correlation between metals and MTs isstatistically significant for essential metals, especially Cu (0.69) in L<strong>iz</strong>a aurata and Zn(0.95) in Mullus surmuletus suggesting that all metal binding sites of MT are not occupiedyet. Total length, body weight and age are highly correlated biometric parameters withMT and soluble metal levels, which show increasing trend in liver of both species,indicating possible accumulation during life stage. These results emphasise theimportance of considering additional factors, such as biometric parameters, in the surveyof endogenous and exogenous factors, which are involved in cellular effects of metals.Presented on:PRIMO 12Tampa, Florida, SAD, 09.-13.05.2003.Principal Investigator : Biserka RasporProject No. 009813034
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 33GEOCHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL DISPERSION IN THE UPPERSAVA RIVER (SLOVENIA), A PRELIMINARY REPORTFrančišković-Bilinski, Stanislav; Rantitsch, GerdRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia1. INTRODUCTION Sava River is formed from Sava Dolinka and Sava Bohinjka. It has alarge drainage area. It flows throughout Slovenia, Croatia, at the border of Bosnia andCroatia, and at Belgrade (in Serbia) enters the Danube River. ŠTERN & FÖRSTNER(1976) have been the first to describe heavy metals distribution in the sediments of theSava Basin in Slovenia. Quality of water in Sava River is regularly controlled withinNational monitoring programs which do not include systematic measurements ofsediments. The aim of our work was to study the impact of tributaries on mineralogicaland elemental composition of sediments from main stream Sava, starting from mostlyclean environments in north-west Slovenia, down below the inflow of Kupa River at Sisakin Croatia, where anthropogenic influence could be expected. 2. SAMPLING ANDMETHODS In Fig. 1 are presented sampling locations (between 46o05' and 46o30' N andbetween 13o45' and 15o10' E), which have been studied till now. Sediments were takenin contact with running water on several occasions in years 2001 and 2002. The lowestpoint studied was above the inflow of Savinja River, for which we have found thatanthropogenic pollution is significant (FRANČIŠKOVIĆ-BILINSKI et al., 2002). Sampleswere sieved and dried at 80oC. All analyses were performed on silt+clay fraction (
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.anhtropogenic influence could be observed with highest concentrations of trace elementsin sediments of Sava Dolinka in Camp Šobec. It is situated about 10 km downstreamfrom iron industry in Jesenice. Mineralogical composition changes due to tributaries andat the lower part of investigated area is quartz predominating. A principle componentanalysis (PCA) was performed on multivariate data in order to extract the main elementalassociations, which control the multivariate signature of database. Further research willbe extended on influence of Savinja, Krka and Kupa tributaries, where anthropogenicinfluence is assumed and where Mössbauer spectroscopy could also be applied.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Research was funded by the Ministry of Science andTechnology of Croatia, project 0098041, bilateral project Slovenia-Croatia (2000-2002)and JF-169, USA-Croatia. REFERENCES: FRANČIŠKOVIĆ-BILINSKI, S. ; BILINSKI, H. ;TIBLJAŠ, D. ; HANŽEL, D. & MERTELJ, A. (2002): Character<strong>iz</strong>ation of sediments fromVoglajna and Savinja rivers - preliminary results. Geologija 25/2, 367-372. ŠTERN, J. &FÖRSTNER, U. (1976): Heavy metals distribution in the sediment of the Sava Basin inSlovenia. Geologija 19, 259-274.Presented on:First Conference on Applied Environmental Geology (AEG'03) in Central and EasternEuropeVienna, Austria, 07-10.10.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Halka BilinskiProject No. 009804136
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 34CHARACTERIZATION OF SEDIMENTS FROM VOGLAJNA ANDSAVINJA RIVERSFrančišković-Bilinski, Stanislav; Bilinski, Halka; Tibljaš, Darko; Hanžel, Darko;Mertelj, AlenkaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaPreliminary studies of surface sediments (f < 63 ľm) from Voglajna and Savinja rivers arereported and discussed. XRD data showed that river sediments predominantly consist ofquartz. Muscovite was found in all samples as minor mineral. Feldspars were detected insediments of Voglajna. Calcite was found in Voglajna near Šentjur and Štore. Calcite anddolomite were found in sediments of Savinja. From about 50 elements determined byICP-MS method, concentration of iron predominates (2.8-5.6%). It is highest in Voglajnaat Štore. From microelements the highest concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Sb, W and Pbwere found in the same sediment. Concentration of Al and K are similar in all samples.Ca and Mg are higher in Savinja, than in Voglajna. Zn, Cd, Ag and Au show the highestconcentrations in sediments of Savinja at Tremerje, below Celje. Most of trace elementsare in good correlation with iron. Iron minerals could not be well determined by XRD.Further character<strong>iz</strong>ation of iron in sediments was performed by 57Fe Mössbauerspectroscopy at room temperature. Spectra were fitted with two doublets showingrelatively similar isomer shifts and quadrupole parameters. The ratio Fe(III)/Fe(II)decreases downstream Voglajna river. In addition to the presence of two doublets, twomagnetic sextets are present in the sediment of Voglajna at Štore, suggesting thepresence of Fe3O4 in minor quantity. The work is in progress to determine ironcontaining minerals in these rivers.Presented on:1. slovenski geološki <strong>kongres</strong>Črna na Koroškem, Slovenija, 09-11.10.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Halka BilinskiProject No. 009804137
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 35SYNTHESIS OF ZrTiO4 BY BALL-MILLING AND SINTERING OFEQUIMOLAR MIXTURE OF TiO 2 AND ZrO 2 ,Gajović, A., Furić, K., Musić, S., Tomašić, N.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaHigh-energy ball-milling induces the solid state reaction in equimolar mixture of TiO2 andZrO2. Synthesis of ZrTiO4 was monitored during and after sintering to find out theconditions for the preparation of ZrTiO4 with improved properties.The milling of anequimolar mixture of TiO2 and ZrO2 was performed in air using a Fritsch planetary ballmill “Pulverisette 6” with vial and balls made of zirconia (94% ZrO2). The rotation speedwas 500 rpm. Two different powder-to-ball weight ratios (R) were used; R1=1:50 andR2=1:10. The milling time varied from 1 min to 10 hours. The effect of milling on theformation and microstructure of ZrTiO4 was investigated by transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Raman spectroscopy (RS)and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The sintering processes were monitored in situ athigh temperature (300 to 1100 C) by RS. The final products of sintering wereadditionally investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine their grains<strong>iz</strong>es. The ball-milling induced the structural changes in the starting materials, as well asthe solid state reaction. In samples milled for longer time the presence of ZrTiO4 wasevidenced by RS and XRD. With prolonged milling the materials were partiallyamorphised and the s<strong>iz</strong>es of the particles decreased to nanovalues (Fig. 1) andconsequently the Raman bands and XRD lines broadened. The rate of solid statereaction, amorphisation and contamination, due to wearing of milling media, depended onthe powder-to-ball weight ratio. The process was faster using R1=1:50, but thecontamination was greater. The milling of oxides did not complete the solid-state reaction,so additional sintering was necessary. Raman spectroscopy performed in situ at hightemperature showed that the mixture milled for 10 h with R2=1:10 was partiallyamorphous at the beginning and stayed amorphous during the heating (Fig. 2a). Thespectrum recorded upon the cooling contained only bands of orthorhombic ZrTiO4, so wecould conclude that heating at 1100 C completed the solid state reaction between TiO2and ZrO2. The solid state reaction was completed faster and at temperatures much lowerthan expected from the reference literature (1500 – 1600 C). On the other hand, duringsintering of the 1 h milled mixture with R1=1:50 the Raman spectrum recorded in situ at900 C showed the shape and relative band intensity that corresponded to the spectrumof ZrTiO4 at this temperature (Fig. 2b). Sintering at higher temperature amorphisedmaterial and after cooling to room temperature the bands of impurities dominated thespectrum. In the mixture milled for 20 min with R2=1:10 containing micron s<strong>iz</strong>ed particles,amorphisation was not observed below than 1000 C (Fig. 2c) and Raman bands ofZrTiO4 were not observed upon cooling.The sintered oxides were investigated by SEM(Fig. 3). The sintering to 1100 C in argon proceeded through the first stage that isformation of a continues phase of pore. The small grain s<strong>iz</strong>es (1 m) were evident inlong milled mixtures. Samples sintered from micron-s<strong>iz</strong>ed powders had grains of severalm (Fig. 3c). The high-energy ball milling initiated solid state reaction in equimolarmixture of TiO2 and ZrO2. The oxides achieved by ball-milling underwent amorphisationduring sintering due to lowering of the diffusion temperature. It accelerated the solid state38
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.reaction at temperatures much lower than necessary and facilitated the formation ofsintered materials with small grains, called nanoceramics.Presented on:Proceedings of 13th European Microscopy Congress,Antwerp, Belgium, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vladimir BermanecProject No. 011942039
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 36NANOSTRUCTURED TiO 2 - MECHANOCEMICAL PREPARATION,CHARACTERISATION AND SINTERINGGajović, A., Tomašić, N., Musić, S.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaNanostructured TiO2 was prepared by high-energy ball milling at different condition. Thesamples were sintered at high temperatures to investigate its behavior during sinteringand properties of final product. Structural changes induced in the sample during thepreparation were monitoring by Raman spectroscopy. The changes of the particledimension were monitored by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrondiffraction. Starting material and prepared nanostructured material, achieved byprolonged ball-milling, were additionally studied by X-ray powder diffraction. The sinteringprocesses were performed in argon and monitored at high temperature in situ by Ramanspectroscopy. The cooled materials were also investigated by scanning electronmicroscopy. A different milling time induced sequence of phase transitions, from anatasethrough high-pressure TiO2 II phase to rutile and prolonged milling decreased the particleto nanometric s<strong>iz</strong>es. The rate of phase transition and diminution, along with purity ofnanoparticles TiO2, depended on powder-to-ball weight ratio. X-ray powder diffraction ofTiO2, obtained for prolonged ball-milling, showed the same structure as Ramanspectroscopy, but it was much accurate for determination of sample contamination due towearing of milling media. The crystallite s<strong>iz</strong>es, determined from bordering of diffractionlines, were in agreement with particles s<strong>iz</strong>es obtained by TEM of milled TiO2. Duringsintering of nanos<strong>iz</strong>ed TiO2 the amorphisation was noticed at lower temperature inrelation to the sintering of micron-s<strong>iz</strong>e TiO2. Sintered samples had smaller grain s<strong>iz</strong>es.The ball-milling was shown to be a simple method for preparation of nanostructured TiO2.Such prepared TiO2 nanoparticles can be good candidate for preparation ofnanoceramics.Presented on:Autumn School on Materials Science and Electron Microscopy, "New developments innanostructured materials - synthesis, character<strong>iz</strong>ation, functionality”Berlin, Germany, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vladimir BermanecProject No. 011942040
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 37POLLUTION OF SOILS DEVELOPED ON ALLUVIAL SEDIMENTS OFTHE MURA, DRAVA AND SAVA RIVERS IN NW CROATIAGALOVIĆ, Lidija; HALAMIĆ, Josip; ŠPARICA, MartinaInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaFor the purpose of the Geochemical map of the Republic of Croatia in the year 1998 the soilsamples at a depth down to 25 cm were collected in a quadratic grid 5x5 km. At the same timethe soil profiles in the alluvial sediments of the Sava and Drava rivers were sampled. Theanalytical work (ICP-AES and FAAS for Hg) was performed on the granulometric fraction
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 38PREPARATION OF NEW BRUSH-TYPE CHIRAL STATIONARYPHASES WITH IMPROVED PROPERTIESG. Landek, V. Vinković, D. Kontrec, V. ŠunjićRuñer Bošković Institute,Zagreb, CroatiaThe enhanced demand for enantiomerically pure compounds (EPC) has led to thedevelopment of a variety of enantioselective separation methods. Like very useful oneemerged liquid chromatography which use chiral stationary phases (CSPs). One of themost used CSPs named brush or Pirkle type CSPs consist of small optically activecompounds covalently bound to silica gel. Generally, mechanism of chiral recognition onthis type of CSPs is based on noncovalent interactions (π-π interactions, hydrogenbonding attractions and van der Waals interactions) between enantiomers of analyte andCSP. Hydrogen bond is the most often achived by the amide group, and π-π interactionsby aromatic groups with strong π-donor or π-acceptor characteristic.In the last five years we have developed a wide range of original brush-type CSPs using1,3-dicyano-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene as a branching achiral unit. Prepared CSPsachieved in some cases the excellent enantioseparations particularly for racemates withπ-acceptor characteristics. Based on this knowledge our second-generation CSPscomprise sites convenient for additional attractions of specific analytes and the moreefficient π-acceptor and/or π-donor units. A very large number of different racemates areresolved by these CSPs. Synthetic approaches, structural characteristics andenantioseparation abilities of these newly prepared CSPs will be presented.Presented on:WINTER SCHOOL ON ORGANIC REACTIVITY (WISOR)Bressanone, Italy, January 6 - 13, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vladimir VinkovićProject No. 009805142
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 39SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OFCeratium hirundinella IN TWO MEDITERRANEAN SHALLOW LAKESGligora M. 1 , Plenković-Moraj A. 1 & I. Ternjej 21 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe paper presents different morphological changes between two forms of C. hirundinellain shallow karstic Mediterranean lakes, Ponikve and Njivice. Both lakes are situated onthe island of Krk, Northern Adriatic See. Trophic state parameters (chlorophyll a,phytoplankton biomass, species composition) as physical and chemical features(temperature, Secchi depth, pH, conductivity, oxygen, nitrates, nitrites, ammonium,phosphates) were measured during 1997/98 and 2000/01. Net samples were taken atone vertical profile at each lake. C. hirundinella f. gracile was presented during the wholeinvestigated period in Lake Njivice. The same species was dominant in Ponikve Lakeduring 1997/98, while in 2000/01 strong develop of C. hirundinella f. austriacum occurred.C. hirundinella f. austriacum was restricted to spring-summer time. Spring populations ofCeratium hirundinella f. austriacum showed larger variations in number of horns. Itoccurred as a formtype with five horns as well as a formtype without an antapical horn. C.hirundinella f. gracile showed a slight reduction and variation of the fourth horn throughthe changing seasons. An analysis of morphometric measurements between the samplesshowed the significant differences in length, width and V3 angle.Presented on:International Conference on Limnology of Shallow lakesBalatonfüred, Hungary. 25-30. May 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Anñelka Plenković-MorajProject No. 011914643
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 40BRYOZOAN FAUNA OF GREEN ISLAND, Taiwan – SIX NEWSPECIES FOR SCIENCEGluhak, Tea; Hayward, P.J.; Lewis, J.E.; Popijač, A; Cvitković, IvanRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaThis poster reports on 6 species from Green Island, Taiwan. These are result of twoworkshops that processed and identified collections from a five day field trip to GreenIsland, southeast Taiwan. The annotated list presented here includes Amastigiatricervicornis, Caberea sinensis, Catenicella marceli, Hemismittoidea taiwanensis,Parasmittina spiculata, Celleporina avicularidentata which are reported for science forthe first time. The primary objective of this study is to document the distribution ofspecies, and to describe morphological features by which they have been proclaimed asnew for science.Presented on:IBA 13th International ConferenceConcepcion, Chile, 11.–16. 01. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Danilo DegobbisProject No. 009811144
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 41THIOCYTOSINE AS A HOLE TRAP IN A SYSTEM OF STACKEDCYTOSINE BASESV. Gomzi, J. N. HerakFaculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIt has been shown that thioguanine and thiocytosine are good hole traps when replacingregular nucleic-acid bases in the DNA model systems. The molecular systems of selectednucleic-acid constituents offer a variety of base arrangements, and make good modelsystems for studying the mechanism and the migration range of electrons and/or holes.The study at 10 K revealed that in single crystals of cytosine monohydrate the holesinduced by gamma irradiation migrate to the distance of 1.0 – 1.5 nm in all directionsbefore they are trapped. The nature of trapped holes in thiocytosine-dopped cytosinecrystal are neutral, N1-deprotonated thiocytosine radicals. After precise ENDOR study ofthe inter- and intra-molecular spin interaction, the Density Functional Theory investigationof the spin interactions for the proposed hole trap has been done. The calculated resultsare in much better accord with the experimental data if the cytosine moleculessurrounding the thiocytosine-cenetered trapped hole in the lattice are taken into account.The mechanism of hole transfer and trapping is discussed.Presented on:6 th Winter Research ConferencesLes Houches, France, 22.-28. III. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Janko HerakProject No. 000642145
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 42RESPONSE OF THE GROUNDWATER INVERTEBRATE FAUNA TOTROPHIC PROCESSES IN MEDITERANEAN SHALLOW KARSTICRESERVOIR PONIKVE (Island of Krk, Croatia)Gottstein Matočec, S., Popijač, A., Mihaljević, Z., Ternjej, I., Žganec, K. & M.KerovecFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaShallow karstic reservoir Ponikve is an important source of drinking water for the Island ofKrk, extremely valuable during the tourist season. It was formed 1987 in the karstic poljewith several karstic springs and with catchment area of 35 km 2 . The depth of the reservoirfluctuates during the year, with mean depth of 2.5 m and maximum of 7 m near dam. Itwas vital to determine and monitor the trophic level of this water supplier because ofeconomic importance and possible consequences on human health. Some undergroundfreshwater invertebrates are very sensitive to pollution, and could be significantbioindicators for goundwater quality. Research of the reservoir's various physicochemicalfactors, phyto- and macrozoobenthos, bacterio-, phyto- and zooplankton was undertakenevery two years from 1994 to 2001 for assessment of zooplankton was undertaken everytwo years from 1994 to 2001 for assessment of their importance in determining thereservoir's trophic level. During 2000 and 2001 research on impact of trophic changes onthe groundwater fauna composition (diversity, abundance and dominance) anddistribution was undertaken too. Special attention was paid concerning the crustaceantaxa in epigean and hypogean waters. Groundwater invertebrates and bacteriologicalsamples were collected from the interstitial compartment (at depths of -8 to -66 m) at ninesites (piezometers) along the reservoir. Physical and chemical factors were measuredtoo. With increase of reservoir's trophic level groundwater quality decrease duringsummer month and the influence on groundwater fauna composition was noted.Presented on:Int. Conference on Limnology of Shallow LakesBalatonfüred, Hungary 25. - 30. May 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mladen KerovecProject No. 011912146
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 43CROATIA IN DEMOGRAPHIC CRISIS – IS THERE A SOLUTION?V. GraovacUniversity of Zadar, Department of Geography, CroatiaOne of the most significant contemporary problems that Croatia is faced with is certainlythe present demographic situation. The severity of the problem has particularly beenstressed since 2001 Census, which only reflected the results of long-term negativedemographic trends that started in 1960s and were additionally worsened by the warduring the 1990s. The number of inhabitants decreased and it is at the same level as itwas during 1970s. Furthermore, the age composition shows considerable ageing of thepopulation. Although the situation is somewhat better compared to other countries intransition, it is still designated as critical.The most significant factors that induced this situation are over a century long (mostlyeconomic) emigration, which started at the end of 19 th century and particularly intensifiedduring 1970s, and continuing natural growth decline which has been negative for over adecade. Of course, the intensity of these processes differs regionally and the negativeeffects of these processes are particularly noticeable in less developed and war-affectedareas.Successful implementation of socio-economic development strategy of Croatia isimpossible without resolving these problems, so one of the main goals of the newlyelectedgovernment is to make all efforts to reverse these negative trends. The proposedpro-birth population policy has many drawbacks, so it should be improved by followingthe successful examples in this field and combined with immigration population policy.Presentedon:30 th Congress of the International Geographical Union/Incorporating Joint InternationalGeomorphology ConferenceGlasgow, Great Britain, 15.-20. August 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Martin GlamuzinaProject No. 007000147
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 44MODELING FOR A MORE EFFICIENT SOLAR HYDROGEN ENERGYSYSTEMMarko Grašovec 1 , Franjo Jović 1 , Mihajlo Firak 2 , Mirjana Metikoš-Huković 11) Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Croatia2) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaHydrogen is a simple, clean and inexhaustible source of energy – the potential fuel of thefuture. It may be obtained from water electrolysis driven by the power of solar energyusing a photovoltaic module. In this study, hydrogen evolution takes place on a nickelelectrode in an alkali hydrogen generator (single electrolysis cell) with separate cathodicand anodic compartments. The necessary power is obtained from a photovoltaic module.The investigated model system was designed and constructed from several subunits: aPV module, an electrolyzer and a hydrogen container. Basic system parameters havebeen measured and analyzed.Electrocatalytic measurements have been performed using cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear quasi-potentiostatic polar<strong>iz</strong>ation. Thekinetic parameters have been calculated for cathodic and anodic processes.A simulation of a solar hydrogen energy system has been developed to determine andoptim<strong>iz</strong>e its operating performance and applicability. The experimental data pointed to aneed for coordinating the PV module with the electrolyzer during optim<strong>iz</strong>ation of the solarhydrogen energy system (when designing an optimum solar hydrogen energy system).Presented on:Fuel Cells Science and Technology 2002 Scientific Advances in Fuel Cell Systems,Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 25 - 26 September, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mirjana Metikoš-HukovićProject No. 012501148
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 45THE APPLICATION OF SOLAR ENERGY IN PRODUCTION OFHYDROGEN AS A FUEL: A MODEL FOR A MORE EFFICIENTSOLAR-DRIVEN ELECTROLYSIS OF WATERMarko Grašovec 1 , Franjo Jović 1 , Mihajlo Firak 2 , Mirjana Metikoš-Huković 21) Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Croatia2) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaHydrogen is a simple, clean and inexhaustible energy source - the potential fuel of thefuture. It may be obtained from water using solar energy. A model system (solarhydrogenenergy) has been designed for production of hydrogen by water electrolysis,composed of the following units: the PV module, an electrolyzer and an hydrogen storagecontainer. Electrolysis of water yields hydrogen and oxygen (which may be used as fuelin fuel cells) on nickel electrodes in an alkaline electrolyzer with separated cathodic andanodic compartments. The necessary power is obtained from a photovoltaic (PV) modulewith the following characteristics: at radiation intensity of 1000 W/m 2 , the open circuitpotential, U oc = 21,6 V, the short circuit current, I sc = 3,27 A, the maximum power P max =52,7 W. Obtained hydrogen is stored in a pressur<strong>iz</strong>ed container.Measured and analyzed parameters of the system include: the current and potential, theamount of developed hydrogen (Fig.1), the pressure and temperature inside the storagecontainer, I-U characteristic of the PV module and I-U characteristic of the electrolyzer.A model was designed for each subunit during development of the system simulation. Forthe alkaline electrolyzer model, electrochemical measurements were performed on nickelin 1 mol dm -3 NaOH solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linearquasi-potentiostatic polar<strong>iz</strong>ation, which yielded the kinetic parameters for the cathodicand anodic processes.Based on the simulation, suggestions were made regarding the system subunits, suchas: the required power of the PV panel, the capacity of the electrolyzer and/or thehydrogen storage container, the entry value being any of the mentioned solar-hydrogensystem values. Simulation validation was performed on a model system, and system'sefficiency was analyzed based on the change of individual process variables. Thesimulation pointed to a need for calibrating the PV module and the electrolyzer, in orderto optim<strong>iz</strong>e the functioning of the solar-hydrogen energy system.Presented on:4th International Symposium on Electrocatalysis (EuroConference)Como, Italy, 23-25 September 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mirjana Metikoš-HukovićProject No. 012501149
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 46CRYSTALLIZATION PATH OF K-FELDSPAR MEGACRYSTS FROMMT. PAPUK, CROATIAHORVAT, Marija; KOVÁCS KIS, Viktória & DÓDONY, IstvánInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaMt. Papuk belongs to the Slavonian Mountains in Croatia, at the southern part of the TisaMegaunit. A comprehensive review of the geological setting of this area is given by Jamičićand Brkić (1987), Jamičić (1988) and Korolija and Jamičić (1989). Vragović (1965) made adetailed petrographic description of the granitoids and their pegmatites. Pamić and Lanphere(1991) and Pamić et al. (1996) studied the origin and formation of granitoids and metamorphicrocks occurring in Slavonia and gave the geodynamical model for the pre-Alpine evolution ofgeological processes based on geochemical and isotopic data.The goal of this paper is to characterise the microstructures and deduce the crystall<strong>iz</strong>ation pathof alkali feldspar megacrysts and give solid evidence for their origin. Since, the submicronscale mineralogy of the abundant alkali feldspar megacrysts from the Mt. Papuk is not known,we provide the first description and genetical interpretation of their microstructure.The studied samples are from two localities, their s<strong>iz</strong>es are about 5x3x1.5 cm. Pakra Creekmegacrysts are pink. They were found in a 10 cm wide vein which crosses the porphyricgranitoid body with no sharp boundary and we selected one for this study. Sloboština Creekpale grey megacryst is from a pegmatitic pocket in the migmatite host.We measured the chemical and structural inhomogenities using petrographic microscopy, ascanning microscope for electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM). The X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) measurements were performed on aSIEMENS D500 powder diffractometer (analogous registration). Quantitative chemicalanalyses were carried out on a JEOL JCXA-733 wavelength dispersive (WDS) electronmicroprobe equipped with three spectrometers operating at 15 kV and 36 nA, using ZAFcorrection. The following standards were applied: albite for Si, Al and Na; wollastonite for Ca,and orthoclase for K. The samples for TEM observations were obtained by grounding thesample under ethanol and mounted a drop from suspension onto a Cu-grid covered byamorphous carbon supporting film. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns andthe images were obtained with a JEOL JEM 100U microscope operating on 100 kV.Beside minor quartz the samples proved to be maximum microcline on the basis of their XRPDpatterns. Among the microcline reflections low-albite peaks appear separately. Using thecalculation introduced by Goldschmidt and Laves (1954) the value of triclinity is 0.9312 and0.8087 for Pakra Creek sample and Sloboština Creek sample, respectively.Under petrographic microscope Pakra Creek megacryst shows 10-50 µm s<strong>iz</strong>ed albite patches,which tend to form layers in microcline. Separated albite grains extinct simultaneuouslywhereas microcline show inhomogenuous undulatory extinction. No twins were observed inthis sample. Besides feldspar components nontextured, isometric quartz grains also occur.The results of modal analysis are: microcline 82 %, albite 15 % and quartz 3 %.The Sloboština Creek sample is different from the above. The albite grains are about 10 µm ins<strong>iz</strong>e, with rather isometric or tabular forms. The quartz shows no graphic texture, but the hostis a potassic feldspar showing cross-hatched extinction pattern. The results of modal analysisare: microcline 88 %, albite 9 % and quartz 3 %.The local composition was measured by microprobe. The composition ranges of the microclineand albite for the two samples are Or 91-96 Ab 8-4 An 0-4 and Ab 99-97 Or 0-1 An 0-2 , respectively.50
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.TEM studies revealed no traces of exsolution neither twinning in the albite but continuousmodulation in the microcline along the (010) and ( 11 1 ) planes. Streaking parallel to b* ofmicrocline is observable e.g. on < 1 0 1 > zone patterns. However, this diffraction geometryremind one to the albite-twinning but the observed geometry and streaking exclude thisinterpretation. The albite-twinning requires mirror symmetry for doubled reflections, but the< 202> axes incline to the b* with different angles (87.6 and 90.6°, respectively). Theseangles are close to the same value of the maximum microcline (88.1°, calculated from data ofBlasi et al., 1984). The d(020)/d( 202) ratios match well with the same structural data.Both the pocket and vein filling occurrences forming by segregation of a melt would require aneutectic composition and texture for microcline-quartz-albite system. The solid phasesegregation of quartz component from an eutectic potassic feldspar system produce avermicular or spherical texture as a function of undercooling (Baker and Freda, 2001). The lackof graphic, vermicular or spherical textures with quartz and uniform distribution of albite in themicrocline host exclude the formation of megacrysts from a melt, so we concluded that thestudied megacrysts are formed from fluids at low temperature. The intergrain boundariesbetween albite and potassic feldspar do not show crystallographic interrelations. Thesimultaneous extinction of the albite patches in Pakra Creek sample support epitaxiallyoriented intergrowth of the two crystalline substances. This type of intergrowth is notobservable in Sloboština Creek sample, which contains albite patches in random orientationdistribution. These strongly suggest simultaneous crystall<strong>iz</strong>ation of albite and potassic feldsparby heterogeneous nucleation.The two-feldspar geothermometer of Stormer (1975) gives a solid evidence for the lowtemperature formation of megacrysts. The albite contents of coexisting plagioclase andpotassic feldspars in the two samples are 99, 6 and 99, 5 %, respectively. The extrapolatedcrystall<strong>iz</strong>ation temperatures are below 400°C, which is probable an underestimated value(Parsons and Brown, 1984). However, this temperature and composition definitely exclude thehomogeneous crystall<strong>iz</strong>ation followed by exsolution processes.The phase diagram of alkali feldspars (Smith, 1974; modified by Brown, 1981; in Griffen, 1992)also allows us to conclude thermal histories of samples. The sequences of ordering states andcoexisting compositions for albite and potassic feldspars reflect the paths of their formations.In the case of Pakra Creek the fine scale modulation and diffuse streaks in SAED patterns arethe consequence of kinetically controlled slow Al/Si ordering in microcline at low temperature.Based on the lack of perthitic exsolutions and microcline twinning, heterogeneous nucleationbelow 460°C seems to be evident. However, a slightly different origin can be concluded for theSloboština Creek sample. It has a near eutectic composition (Or 90 Ab 10 ). The lack of perthiticexsolutions and the presence of microcline-twinning pattern suggest a precipitationtemperature near to but above 460°C at eutectic composition as orthoclase which, underwentfurther transformation to microcline (Laves, 1950; McLaren, 1984).As a consequence of the low diffusion rates at these time/temperature paths (Putnis, 1992) thecomplete transformation to the maximum microcline state is impeded. The resultinginhomogeneous Al/Si ordering is reflected by fine scale variation of cell parameters, howeverthe average value of triclinity is high for both samples.Presented on:XVII th Congress of Carpathian-Balkan Geological Association, Bratislava, September 1-42002.Bratislava, Slovakia, 1-4. 9. 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip HalamićProject No. 018100651
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 47A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF NMC BACKGROUND ERRORSTRUCTURE FUNCTIONS OF THE ALADIN LIMITED AREA MODELHorvath K. 1 ; Bölöni G. 2 ; Berre L. 3 ; Fisher C. 31 Croatian Hydrological and Meteorological Service, Zagreb, Croatia2 Hungarian Meteorological Service3 Meteo-France CNRM/GMAPThe investigation of single observation analysis increments gives a possibility to getuseful knowledge on the spatial structure of background error statistics used in the givenanalysis system. A number of single observation experiments were performed with theALADIN/HU 3D-var system, which uses multivariate background error formulationincluding vorticity, divergence, temperature, surface pressure and humidity couplings.The statistics were computed on NMC forecast difference samples. Experiments includedsimulated innovations of temperature, relative humidity, specific humidity and wind atdifferent pressure levels, using both the standard and an alternative formulation of theNMC statistics, the so-called lagged NMC statistics. Conclusions were drawn on generaldynamical and physical explanations of the structure functions, on the comparison of thetwo background error statistics used and relating the multivariate humidity couplingincluded in the used statistics.Presented on:SRNWP (Short Range Numerical Weather Prediction) / Met Office /HIRLAM Workshopu "High resolution data assimilation: towards 1-4km resolution"Met Office, Exeter, UK, 15th to 17th November 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branka Ivančan PicekProject No. 000400152
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 48ALGAL GROWTH POTENTIAL (AGP) OF Chlorella kessleri FOTT etNOV. IN THE DANUBE RIVER AND HULOVO CHANNEL (Nature ParkKopački rit)Horvatić, J. 1 ; Čačić, LJ. 2 ; Mihaljević, M. 3 ; Stević, F. 11 Faculty of Education, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia2“Vodovod-Osijek”, Croatia3 Nature Park Kopački Rit Management Office, Bilje, CroatiaThe algal growth potential (AGP) of C. kessleri in water samples from the Danube River(1388 rkm) and the Hulovo Channel, as well as the influence on the AGP due to addingnitrates and phosphates was investigated by miniatur<strong>iz</strong>ed bioassay method. According tothe AGP results, P was a growth-limiting factor in the water of the Danube River and inthe Hulovo Channel. The adding of nitrates to the water samples had a stimulating effecton the growth of the algal biomass. According to the classification for waters of MiddleEurope, the conditions for the growth of C. kessleri in the investigated waters were mostlyoligomesotrophic. According to the US classification, these waters belonged to thecategory of highly productive waters.Presented on:35 th Conference: Scientific Concepts and Implementation of Sustainable TransboundaryRiver Basin ManagementNovi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro, 19-23.04.2004.Principal Investigator :Dr.sc. Janja HorvatićProject No. 012202353
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 49MEASUREMENT OF LOW 14 C ACTIVITIES IN LIQUID SCINTILLATIONCOUNTER IN THE ZAGREB RADIOCARBON LABORATORYHorvatinčić, Nada; Barešić, Jadranka; Krajcar Bronić, Ines; Obelić, BogomilRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaTwo methods of chemical preparation of 14 C samples are implemented in the ZagrebRadiocarbon Laboratory for measurement by a new liquid scintillation counter (LSC),Quantulus 1220: a CO 2 absorption method (LSC-A) and a benzene synthesis method(LSC-B). For samples prepared by both methods the optimal counting windows formeasurement in LSC were determined. The total efficiency of LSC-A method is 65% andthat of LSC-B 83%, while the corresponding 14 C dating limits are 31,800 yr and 52,160 yr.14 C activities measured by LSC-A and LSC-B methods were compared with thosemeasured by the gas proportional counter (GPC) method (efficiency 75%, 14 C dating limit37, 500 yr). The results obtained by the LSC-A method have larger errors than thosemeasured by the GPC method, but the method is quick, inexpensive and simple, andrequires less carbon than the GPC method. It is suitable for 14 C measurements ofgeological, hydrological and environmental samples. The results obtained by the LSC-Bmethod give smaller errors and larger 14 C dating range. Therefore, the LSC-B method ismore suitable for 14 C dating of archaeological samples.Presented on:18 th International Radiocarbon Conference,Wellington (New Zealand), 1-5.09.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bogomil ObelićProject No. 009801454
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 50STUDY OF DEGRADATION PATHWAYS IN SUGAR-PEPTIDEMAILLARD MODEL SYSTEMSA. Jakas, Š. HorvatRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaThe Maillard reaction is a complex multistep process initiated by the binding of reducingsugars to free amino groups of peptides or proteins resulting in adducts which undergodehydrations and rearrangements to produce reactive compounds (advanced glycationend products = AGEs) with characteristic fluorescence and covalnt crosslinkingproperties. The formation of AGEs in vivo is linked to various physiological andpathological changes, particularly in the elderly and diabetics, as well as inneurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. As definedmodels for studing of the Maillard reaction in vitro we used Amadori compounds 1-4 inwhich a 1-deoxy-D-fructose moiety is linked to the endogenous opioid pentapeptideleucine-enkephalin (1), its methyl ester (2), Tyr-Gly-Gly (3) or to a single amino acid, Tyr(4).The stability and degradation pathways of Amadori compounds 1-4 was studied indifferent solvents and at various temperatures by using reversed-phase HPLC, UV andfluorescence spectroscopies. In addition, the main decomposition products were isolatedand character<strong>iz</strong>ed by NMR and mass spectrometry.Presented on:27th European Peptide SymposiumSorrento, Italija 31. 08. – 06. 09. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Štefica HorvatProject No. 009805455
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 51THE CHEMICAL AND ENZYMATIC STABILITY OF THE GLYCATIONPRODUCTS DERIVED FROM OPIOID PEPTIDESA. Jakas, M. Roščić, Š. HorvatRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaNonenzymatic glycation is posttranslational modification of peptides and proteins bysugars, which after a cascade of reactions leads to the formation of a complex family ofireversibly changed adducts implicated in the pathogenesis of human diseases. The workreported here was stimulated by the finding that hyperglycemia induces impairedfunctioning of the endogenous opioid system thus contributing to the worsening ofdiabetic complications. In order to better understand the metabolic and chemicalbehavior of the products formed by glycation of the opioid peptide, leucine-enkephalin(Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu), and of structurally related fragments, compounds 1-5 wereprepared. The influence of N-glycation on the enzymatic and chemical stability of theparent peptide compound was studied in 80% human serum and phosphate buffer, pH7.4. The results obtained in human serum indicated that the rates of degradation of thestudied compounds depend on the structure and length of the peptide moiety. Amadoricompound 1 and imidazolidinone 4 were slowly degraded by dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase(s) which cleave the Gly-Phe bond leading to compounds 2 and 5,respectively, as the main metabolites. The hydrolysis pattern of the studied Amadori (1-3) and imidazolidinone compounds (4, 5) in phosphate buffer and in human serum wasnot the same and appears to be specific for each compounds.Presented on:3rd International and 28th European Peptide SymposiumPrague, Čzech Republic 5 - 10. 09. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Štefica HorvatProject No. 009805456
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 52A SEARCH FOR SOLAR HADRONIC AXIONSK. Jakovčić, Z. Krečak, M. Krčmar and A. LjubičićRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaThe standard axion, a hypothetical light pseudoscalar spinless non-charged boson, ispostulated to explain why CP violation in the strong interactions have not been found. Ingeneral, it interacts with leptons, photons and hadrons. Due to the similarity and genericinteraction with pions, its mass is given by formula m a f a ≈ m π f π , f denoting decayconstants. Its existence has not been confirmed by experiments and thus DFSZ/GUT andKSVZ models of invisible axions were invented. KSVZ axion coupling to leptons issuppressed. Astrophysical and cosmological considerations predict axion mass window(10 −5 eV ≤ m a ≤ 10 −2 eV) relating to cold dark matter.The hadronic axion is sort of KSVZ axion type which does not couple to photon. Its masswindow (10 eV < m a < 20 eV) relates to hot dark matter.Based on the axial nature of axions and magnetic nuclear transitions, we here present ascenario for a hadronic axion search. At one particle de-excitation of nucleus viamagnetic transition, emission of photon, conversion electron or hadronic axion occurs. Ifresonant conditions are fulfilled, that axion may excite another distant nucleus of thesame type and it is possible to record such axion event by detection of accompanyingphoton and/or conversion electron. The first search for solar hadronic axions emitted fromFe-57 nucleus has been proposed by Moriyama [1].We have performed two experiments aimed at search for solar hadronic axions emittedfrom 1 st excited levels - 14.413 keV of Fe-57 nucleus [2] and 477.672 keV of Li-7 nucleus[3] which decay via M1 transitions. No evidence of hadronic axions existence has beenfound in these experiments. Therefore, upper limits of hadronic axion mass were found tobe 745 eV and 32 keV, respectively.In this experiment we searched for solar hadronic axions using the M1 decay of 1 stexcited 9.4051 keV level of Kr-83 nucleus. Resonant axion capture is expected to occurin laboratory inside a proportional gas counter filled with high purity krypton at roomtemperature and pressure of 2 bar. The counter is tuned to detect photons with energiesfrom 5 to 25 keV applying anode bias voltage of +1600 V. It is calibrated using Fe-55and Cd-109 X-ray emitters. Our preliminary experimental result gives an upper limit ofaxion mass of about 5 keV.Prsented on:ISRP-9 (9th International Symposium on Radiation Physics)Cape Town, Republic South Africa, 24 - 31.10. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ante LjubičićProject No. 009801157
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 53NOVEL SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF amidinobenzo[b]thieno[2,3-c]quinolones: SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUMOREVALUATIONIvana Jarak 1 , Danijela Frković 2 , Lidija Šuman 2 , Marijeta Kralj 2 , Krešimir Pavelić 2Grace Karminski-Zamola 11) Faculty of Chemical Eng. and Technology, University of Zagreb, Croatia,2) Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaNovel substituted derivatives of amidino-benzo[b]thieno[2,3-c]quinolones ashydrochloride salts, were synthes<strong>iz</strong>ed in multistep synthesis. Starting from substitutedcinnamic acids, in the reaction with thionyl chloride, were prepared correspondingbenzo[b]thieno carbonyl chlorides which reacted with 4-aminobenzonitrile, or 4-substituted aminobenzenes to give the corresponding anilides. Obtained anilides werephotochemically cycl<strong>iz</strong>ed into corresponding benzo[b]thieno[2,3c] quinolones. Applicationof Pinner reaction afforded the amidino compounds. Antitumor evaluation were carriedout on 6 human cell Iines, 5 of which were derived from 5 cancertypes and one normal, fibroblast cellline. The following celllines were used: HeLa(cervical carcinoma). MCF-7 (breast carcinoma), SW 620 (colon carcinoma), MiaPaCa-2(pancreatic carcinoma), Hep-2 (Iaryngeal carcinoma) and WI 38 (diploid fibroblasts). Thecell growth rate was evaluated by performingthe MTT assay. AII compounds showedcertain antiproliferative effect on these celllines. However, compounds from the group 1manifested markedly differential growth inhibition and/or cytotoxicity and selectivitytowards tumor cells, while in the group 11 only methoxycarbonyl substituted compoundshowed differential growth inhibition.Presented on:XVIII International Symposium on Medicinal ChemistryCopenhagen, Denmark, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Grace Karaminski ZamolaProject No. 012500558
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 54QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION OF WINTERINGORNITHOFAUNA AT THE CARP FISHPONDS IN THE SAVA RIVERTRACTJurčević, I.; Mikuska, J.Faculty of Philosophy, University of Osijek, CroatiaWintering Anatidae have been researched on eight carp fishponds in the Sava River tractin continental Croatia: "Jasinje", "Narta", "Končanica", "Okučani", "Lipovljani", "CrnaMlaka", "Pisarovina" and "Draganić". The data have been collected during a ten-yearperiod, from January 1987 till January 1996, as a part of the Mid-Winter Waterbird Count.Twenty-two Anatidae species were noted out of a total of 25 species that havecontemporaneously wintered in Croatia as a whole. The highest numbers and the mostcommon species were Anas platyrhynchos, followed by Anas crecca, Aythya ferina,Bucephala clangula and Cygnus olor. The index of similarity ranged between 30.8% and81.1%. The highest species diversity was found at Jasinje fishpond. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index ranged between 0.16 and 0.74. A globally threatened species -Aythya nyroca - was also recorded here. Out of eight investigated fishponds five areevaluated as Important Bird Areas and potential Ramsar Sites.Presented on:Internat. Assoc. Danube Res. Limnological Reports 34 th Conference,Tulcea, Romania, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jozsef MikuškaProject No. 012200659
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 55WINTERING ANATIDAE AT THE CARP FISHPONDS IN EASTERNCROATIAJurčević, I.; Mikuška, J.Faculty of Philosophy, University of Osijek, CroatiaWintering ornithofauna of Anatidae was researched on four carp fishponds in the DravaRiver tract: "Našička Breznica fishpond", "Grudnjak fishpond", "Donji Miholjac fishpond"and "Podunavlje fishpond". The data were collected during a ten-year mid-winterwaterbird count, from January 1987 to January 1996. During the Homeland War, from1992 to 1996, no count was taken in the Podunavlje fishpond, because this region wasinaccessible to us. Registered are 22 Anseriformes species out of a total of 25 speciesthat have contemporaneously wintered in Croatia as a whole. Anas platyrhynchos wasthe most common species in all four localities. The index of similarity ranged between41.4% and 56%. The highest species diversity was found in Donji Miholjac fishpond. TheShannon-Wiener diversity index ranged from 0.32-1.37. A globally threatened species -Aythya nyroca - was also recorded here. Recently, all four investigated fishponds areevaluated as Important Bird Areas and potential Ramsar Sites.Presented on:Internat. Assoc. Danube Res. Limnological Reports 34 th Conference,Tulcea, Romania, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jozsef MikuškaProject No. 012200660
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 56WINTERING ANATIDAE COMMUNITY STRUCTURE ON THE DRAVARIVER IN CROATIAJurčević, I.; Mikuska, J.Faculty of Philosophy, University of Osijek, CroatiaThe Drava River is a large righ-bank tributary of the Danube in south-eastern Europe.Wintering ornithofauna of Anatidae has been research on 12 localities on the Drava Riverin Croatia. The data have been collected during a ten-year period, from January 1987 tillJanuary 1996, as a part of the Mid-Winter Waterbird Count. 23 Anatidae species werenoted out of a total of 25 species that have contemporaneously wintered in Croatia aswhole. The highest numbers and the most common species were Anas platyrhynchos,followed by Aythya fuligula, Aythya ferina, Bucephala clangula and Anas crecca. Theaverage of 15,023 individuals of ducks, geese and swans, annually winters on the Dravariver, comprising 35.8% of the annual winter average for the whole Croatia, amoung up to42,006 individuals. The similarity index of wintering Anatidae community structure wascalculated according to Sorensen and it ranged between 2.35 and 100%. Diversityindices are also given.Presented on:Internat. Assoc. Danube Res. Limnological Reports 35 th Conference,Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jozsef MikuškaProject No. 012200661
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 57HYDROCHEMICAL AND ISOTOPE STUDY OF THE UPPER PART OFTHE KUPA RIVER DRAINAGE AREA - CROATIAKAPELJ, S., BIONDIC, B., MARKOVIC, T. & BIONDIC, R.Institute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaUpper part of the Kupa river drainage area is typical karst terrain developed on part of theDinaric carbonate platform. The terrain is made of rocks from under layered Palaeozoicdeposits; Mesozoic and Tertiary carbonate rocks, limestones and dolomites. The complexstructural relations were formed as a consequence of subduction of the African under theEuropean plate in the combination with disintegration of the lower deposits of thecarbonate platform during the younger geological period. Results are elements ofoverthrust tectonics that have special roles in shallow zones important for undergroundwater flow paths.Main characteristics of the region is a presence of the large water dividing zones betweenthe Adriatic sea and the Black sea catchments, which is situated in the mountain area ofthe Risnjak massive. That area is very rich in precipitation what together with lithologicand structural characteristics cause the presence of the large groundwater reserves andfew large karst springs in the Kupa river drainage area: Čabranka spring, Kupa spring,Zamost, Velika and Mala Belica, Kupica spring and Zeleni Vir spring. Also, on the otherside of the mountain massive, in the Adriatic Sea catchment, is a large perennial spring ofthe Rječina river outflow. That spring is located at the same altitude as the spring of Kupariver. But, annual precipitation regime with long summer dry period has influence on highgroundwater recharges amplitude of those springs.Performed hydrogeological and isotopic studies have regional character to recognise theorigin of spring waters regarding to recharge area of particular springs. During the 1997,1998 and 1999, in different annual vegetation and hydrologic conditions were performedspring water sampling for hydrochemical and isotopic analysis and measurements oftemperature, conductivity, pH and TDS on mentioned large springs and on the Rječinaspring (Adriatic sea catchments). Hydrogeochemical facies of the study area mainly varyfrom Ca-HCO 3 , CaMg-HCO 3 to MgCa-HCO 3 main ionic composition as a result ofdissolution of the carbonate rocks, limestones and dolomites. The presence ofPalaeozoic clastic deposits in the drainage area of some springs causes increasing ofmagnesium, some heavy metals, non-metals, transition elements, actinide and lanthanideelements (Kupica spring, Zeleni Vir).Usually, the stable isotope δ 18 O and δ 2 H ratios are influenced by temperature andpressure (altitude effect) prevailing during recharge as well as a consequence of thedistance from the sea (continental effect). Therefore in our case, study spring watersbecome enriched towards to the sea (Figure 1). Also, established variations of the stableisotope content, which have been observed, appear to result from local seasonal influx ofprecipitation into the particular drainage system.Distribution of stable isotopes and tritium in the spring waters suggest that in that region,were distinguished a four different sub-catchments. The first one is the group of Rječina,Kupa and Kupari springs, which have, practically unique catchments area, situated in theRisnjak Mountain. The second group of the springs, Zamost, V. Belica, M. Belica andKupica have the similar catchments situated in the middle part of the study area and theyform tributaries of the north bank of the Kupa river upper part. Čabranka spring and62
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Zeleni Vir spring drainage areas cover the larger part of terrains which borders aresituated far from the springs. The Čabranka catchments is in the Slovenian mountains athigher altitudes while Zeleni Vir catchments lay deeply in the inland part of the GorskiKotar region.Tritium activity of the spring waters corresponds with tritium activity of the recentprecipitation of the study area. Highest activities were detected during the springhydrological maximum, while during the extremely dry summers at some springs outflowgroundwaters with tritium activity below detected limits. It has shown that deepunderground of the upper part of the Kupa river drainage area contains groundwater withrelatively long mean residence time. Such circumstances reflect the high water potentialsuitable for the water supply, storage in the deep karstified underground of the studyarea.Presented on:4 th Austrian Workshop on Stable Isotopes in Environmental and Earth Sciences.Graz, Austria, 22- 23.11.2002.Principal Investigator :Dr.sc. Ante PavičićProject No. 018100263
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 58USING ENVIRONMENTAL ISOTOPES TO ESTIMATE RECHARGEAREA OF THE ZAGREB AQUIFERKAPELJ SANJA, BRKIĆ ŽELJKA, MARKOVIĆ TAMARA & LARVA OZRENInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaThe Zagreb aquifer is the most important source of water supply of the town Zagreb, where fromabout 5,5 m 3 /s of groundwater is pumped. It is a part of hydrogeological system situated within theSava basin and it is made of Quaternary sediments – Pleistocene and Holocene gravel-sandsediments with the prevailing limestone and dolomite pebbles and grains and silt-clay interbeds.Groundwater samples have been taken in various hydrological conditions at 15 piezometric wells atvarious depths (Fig. 1).Main ions, stabile isotope of oxygen (δ 18 O) and hydrogen (δ 2 H), radioactive isotope of carbon ( 14 C)and tritium ( 3 H) were analysed in water samples. According to chemical composition, thegroundwater belongs to CaMg-HCO 3 and CaNaMg-HCO 3 to CaMgNa-HCO 3 type (deeper parts ofthe aquifer in the Strmec area). The increase amount of sodium in the Strmac area is because ofhydrolysis of alumosilicates in clayey silt deposits. The groundwater temperature varies from 10 to16 o C. In the shallow parts of the aquifer were observed seasonally temperature changes and indeeper parts of the aquifer temperature changes were slow. Conductivity varies between 400 to1000 µS/cm, and greater values than this have been measured at the individual piezometric wellsdownstream from groundwater pollutant. Groundwater from Zagreb aquifer is, according to pHvalues, slightly acid, neutral to slightly basic. Ratio of δ 2 H and δ 18 O indicate that the upper part of theZagreb aquifer is under influence of water from lower altitude and warmer Holocene climate, but thedeeper parts of the aquifer are under influence of regional flow (colder climate and a little bit higheraltitude). Measured values on piezometric well JP-10 are like one in the Sava River and values onpiezometric well CDP-9 (the Črnkovec area) are more positive, but measured values on piezometricwell CDP-23 (the Črnkovec area) are negative and that indicate the influence of the regional flow(Fig. 2). Also, in the deeper parts of piezometric well PP-18 (the Pertuševec area), measured valuesof δ 2 H and δ 18 O are similar to one from piezometric well CDP-23. Measured values of δ 2 H and δ 18 Oin samples of piezometric well NOS-28 indicate the recharge of that part of the aquifer in the colderperiod. The activity of tritium and 14 C are decreasing on locations CDP-23 and NOS-28 with thedepth but their activity is reverse on the location CDP-9 (lower 14 C activity in the upper part andhigher in the deeper part). Activity distribution of 14 C and 3 H along the aquifer depth on CDP-23 andCDP-9 locations shows that the whole quantity of water is the result of present recharge, so in itsprevailing part, it is the result of precipitation infiltration in the last 50 years (IAEA, 1983,UNESCO/IAEA, 2001). Also, the lower part of the aquifer on the location NOS-28 is under thepresent recharge but in the deeper part of the aquifer the water is old (typical example of slow waterexchange).The Zagreb aquifer in the hydrochemic and isotopic sense is layered, especially in parts, which arefar away from the Sava River. The shallow parts of the aquifer are under the present recharge andwater in the deep parts of the aquifer has long residence time. Also, the deep parts of the aquifer inthe Črnkovec and Petruševec area, which are situated at the opposite side of the Sava River, areunique hydrogeological system.Presented on:European Society for Isotope Research: ESIR VII.Seggauberg- Austria, 27.06.- 01.07.2004.Principal Investigator :Dr.sc. Ante PavičićProject No. 018100264
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 59RECENT HYDROGEOLOGIC STUDY OF THE VIS ISLANDKAPELJ, J.; TERZIĆ, J.; KAPELJ, S.; DOLIĆ, M.Institute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaThe Vis Island belongs to the group of the Middle Dalmatian islands. It comprises an areaof about 90,2 km 2 . Morphologically, three belts of highlands and two depressions withkarst poljes are significantly marked. The highest point on the island is Hum with 587 ma.s.l. Island’s water supply is organ<strong>iz</strong>ed from the water-supply station “Korita”, situated inthe central part of island, in the tectonically formed depression. On the Vis Island thereare two additional captured objects: well K-1 above the Komiža town and the spring“P<strong>iz</strong>dica”. The most important hydrogeological role on the island have twohydrogeological barriers, one in the Komiža Bay, completely made of impermeablemagmatic and clastic rocks, and another one, recently recogn<strong>iz</strong>ed relative barrier in thearea of Dračevo, Plisko and Velo polje. Due to the fact that the island karst aquifer is inpermanent dynamic relation with seawater, classical geologic, structural andhydrogeologic investigations have been extended with application of hydrogeochemicalmethods taking into account the natural chemical tracer content of groundwater and itsvariations in different hydrologic and vegetation conditions. Precipitation regime in thisarea is very unfavorable with regard to the recharging of island’s aquifer because dryperiods are usually very long. During the summer tourist season, when the number ofinhabitants and fresh water consumption considerably increase, amounts of island’sgroundwater suitable for water supply and irrigation rapidly decrease. Sometimes,insufficient quantity of fresh water on the Vis Island causes restrictions. Concerning thedevelopment of tourist potential and present agricultural activities, summer lack of wateris a seriously restrictive factor. Some results of performed hydrogeological study,important as a basis for island’s fresh water potential assessment, will be presented.Presented on: 1. slovenski geološki <strong>kongres</strong>,Črna na Koroškem. Slovenija. 2002Principal Investigator :Dr.sc. Ante PavičićProject No. 018100265
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 60PROTON AFFINITIES OF NITROGEN OXYRADICALSSnježana P. KAZAZIĆ 1 ; Leo KLASINC 1,2 ; Sean P. McGLYNN 2 ; William A. PRYOR 21. Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia2. Chemistry Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USAThe proton affinities (PA's) of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide have been calculated andcompared with experiment. Those of the nitrate, cis- and trans-hydrogenhyponitrite andcis- and trans-dioxodinitrate radical have been calculated but, in the absence of directexperimental data, comparison had to be made with related anionic and protonatedforms. All calculations were carried out by standard Gaussian-2 (G2) procedures.Presented on:Fourth Congress of the International Society for Theoretical Chemical Physics (ICTCP-IV)Marly-le-Roi, France, 9-16.07.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Dunja SrzićProject No. 009803266
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 61VIRTUAL-PHOTON AND DOUBLE PHOTON BREMSSTRAHLUNG INPROTON-PROTON SCATTERINGM. Kiš a,b , J.C.S. Bacelar a , R. Castelijns a , R. Čaplar b , I. Gašparić b , M.N. Harakeh a , N.Kalantar-Nayestanaki a , H. Loehner a , M. Mahjour-Shafiei a and J.G. Messchendorp aa Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Zernikelaan 25, 9747 AA Groningen, The Netherlandsb Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaThe bremsstrahlung measurements have as goal to probe nucleon-nucleon interaction ina kinematical region where the nucleons are off their mass shell. At the KVI, a highquality proton beam of 190~MeV is used with a liquid hydrogen target to investigate thebremsstrahlung process in proton-proton scattering.The measurement was carried out using SALAD and the Plastic Ball detector. The dataobtained were used to study the virtual-photon and double-photon bremsstrahlung. Thevirtual bremsstrahlung is concerned with measurement of the dilepton production and itaddresses specifically the effects of the longitudinal component of the virtual-photonpolar<strong>iz</strong>ation. The double-photon bremsstrahlung process presents a tool for studying inaddition the virtual pion production. The data obtained are compared to theoreticalcalculations based on the soft-photon approximation (LET). The experimentally obtainedcross section for the dilepton data are compared to the LET calculation [1]. The doublephotondata are compared to the two-soft-photon model [2]. The calculation is folded withthe detector acceptance using the Monte Carlo technique.Presented on:19 th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics,Groningen, The Netherlands, 23-27 August 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Zoran BasrakProject No. 009801067
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 62OCCURENCE OF Branchiobdellidae (Annelida) ON FRESHWATERCRAYFISH IN CROATIAKlobučar, G.I.V.; Maguire, I.; Gottstein-Matočec, S.; Erben, R.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaBranchiobdellidans of genus Branchiobdella Odier, 1823 have been scarcely studied inCroatia and there is almost no data on them recorded in literature. In order to improve thegeneral knowledge on the occurrence of the various species of branchiobdellidians onfreshwater cryfish in Croatia, we collected branchiobdellidan specimens from our crayfishcollection. This study includes native and alien crayfish species distributed within Croatia:Astacus astacus, Astacus leptodactylus, Austropotamobius pallipes, Austropotamobiustorrentium, and Orconectes limosus. Branchiobdellidans were determined from 41different crayfish populations. In this research the following branchiobdellidan specieswere identified: Brachiobdella parasite, B. pentodonta, B. balcanica, B. hexodonta and B.italica.Presented on:The fifteenth symposium of the International Association of AstacologyLondon, UK, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mladen KerovecProject No. 011912168
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 63DISTRIBUTION OF MERCURY AND METHYL MERCURY IN TISSUESOF TRANSPLANTED MUSSELSKljaković-Gašpić Z., Odžak N., Zvonarić T., Horvat M., Barić A.Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Dubrovnik, CroatiaTotal mercury and methyl mercury concentrations were determined in whole soft tissue,gills and digestive gland of mussels from the Kaštela Bay, which is polluted with inorganicmercury. Concentrations of total mercury in the digestive gland were 1.5-5.5 times higherthan in the whole soft tissue and gills, while concentrations of MeHg were similar in allanalyzed tissues. The percentage of methyl mercury in the digestive gland (4-11 %) waslower in comparison to the gills (12-25 %) and the whole soft tissue (13-27 %). A negativecorrelation was observed between the total mercury concentration in the tissues and thepercentage of methyl mercury.Presented on:7th International Conference on Mercury as a Global PollutantLjubljana, Slovenia , June 27 - July 2, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Frano KršinićProject No. 000100169
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 64DISTRIBUTION OF TRACE METALS IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OFBLUEFIN TUNA Thunnus thynnusKljaković-Gašpić, Z.; Tičina, V.; Odžak, N.; Zvonarić, T.; Barić, A.Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Dubrovnik, CroatiaConcentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn were analyzed in muscle tissue, gill and liversamples of the bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus caught in the Middle Adriatic. Analyticalresults revealed variable distribution of metals in the examined tissues. Maximum levelsof Cd, Zn and Cu were determined in the liver, while Cr concentrations were similar in allanalyzed tissues.Presented on:37th Congress of the International Commission for the Scientific Exploration of theMediterranean (CIESM)Barcelona, Spain, 7-11 June 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Frano KršinićProject No. 000100170
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 65RECENT SEDIMENTS (PELOIDS) FROM MORINJE BAY (MIDDLEDALMATIA, CROATIA): THEIR ORIGIN AND ANTHROPOGENICPOLLUTION VIEWED THROUGH A MULTIDISCIPLINARYAPPROACHKOCH, Georg; ŠPARICA, Martina; BERGANT, Stanislav; ALAJBEG, Anña; VILIČIĆ,Damir; LAMPERT, Teodora; DOLENEC, Tadej & ŠPARICA, MarkoInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaThe Recent sediments of the Morinje Bay have been multidisciplinary investigated inorder to define their origin and to estimate the degree of anthropogenic pollution. Due tothe fact that the peloids of Morinje represent an important source of healing mud with agreat potential in medical applications, the investigation has been focused in the northerncoastal part of the Bay where the city dump of Šibenik is placed. As a consequence ofsea-level rise during the Holocene, the sea ingression through the narrow Jadrtovacchannel towards the Morinje area started aproximally 8000 years B.P. The depression ofMorinje was sunk by the sea ingression at approximately 4000 years B.P. During thatperiod up to 4m of sediments were deposited in the central part of the Bay. Morinje Bayextents on 3 square km and represents a depositional environment of a restricted, marineshallow-water (0.3-1m) depression under seasonal fresh-water influence. The Baycommunicates with open sea by a narrow (100-200m) channel. According tomineralogical composition and distribution of major elements, the sediments of MorinjeBay are classified as clayey siltites that originated from the erosion of the surroundingPalaeogene flysch-deposits. In a lesser amount biogenic quarz and calcite are alsopresent. The palynofacies of the clayey siltites is character<strong>iz</strong>ed by a high portion of lipidrich,mainly amorphous organic matter, but always accompanied with palynomorphs ofphyto- and zooplanktonic origin. These results are in good consistency with the biologicalcontent of the sea-water column. The peloids are character<strong>iz</strong>ed by an overall high contentof organic matter thus indicating at least seasonal eutrophication of this eco-system. Theanalysis of the stable isotopic composition of organic carbon (δ ; ; 13C‰) show that theseaweed vegetation has a great influence on the sedimentary organic carbon isotopecomposition. The gas chromatograms show that the qualitative composition, i.e. organiccompounds, of the extractable low molecular organic matter is in all analysed samplesthe same, but differs in quantitative distribution. High sulphur content, that was directlyincorporoted into the amorphous organic matter, indicates anoxic conditions. Theamorphous organic matter was formed within anoxic conditions and is found to be in thehumin phase of diagenesis. The organic matter is well preserved and protected againstsecondary oxidation in which seaweed roots play an important role by fixing the loosesediments. The sedimentary organic matter of the Morinje Bay originated in a marine,shallow-water environment where the continous transgression and seasonal run-offenabled high biological production of phyto-, zooplankton and seaweeds.Contemporaneously, the restricted environment and high biological production, togetherwith the terrigenous detritus input, initiated within the sediments fast oxygen consumtionand anaerobic degradation of the biomass that was accumulated mostly as amorphous,lipid-reach organic matter and preserved in conditions of a high sedimentation rate(1m/1000y). The results of isotopic composition of organic δ ; ; 13C‰ and δ ; ; 15N‰shows no impact of anthropogenic organic pollutants. This is in good consistency with the71
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.biological content of the sea-water column measured during June. This period ischaracter<strong>iz</strong>ed by a relatively low production of phyto- and zooplankton which indicateslow anthropogenic influence. Otherwise, it would have resulted in a constant increase ofplankton activity as examplefied in some similar eco-systems along the Croatian coast.The use of aluminium to normal<strong>iz</strong>e heavy metals show that surficial sediment is relativelyunpolluted. The exception represent following elements: Pb, Zn, Cu, Sn, Mn, P, Mo andBa. They most likely originate from city dump Šibenik and agriculture activity.Presented on:The Third International Congress "Environmental Micropaleontology, Microbiology andMeiobenthology"Vienna, Austria, 1-6. 09. 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip HalamićProject No. 018100672
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 66REMOVAL OF METAL ION IMPURITIES FROM CALCIUM SULPHATEUSING LIQUID MEMBRANESJ. Kontrec; D. Kralj; Lj. BrečevićRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaLiquid membrane (LM) extraction was applied for removal of Cd 2+ ions, incorporated incalcium sulphate anhydrite (AH), during the process of transformation of AH into thestable calcium sulphate dihydrate (DH) in aqueous solution. The transformation processwas found to be solution-mediated, involving the dissolution of AH and the crystal growthof DH. This is supported by a mathematical model which takes into account all relevantkinetic parameters of the processes involved. The extractant that transports Cd 2+selectively over Ca 2+ ions, and the effective LM configuration were chosen. Using the bulkliquid membrane (BLM) configuration, with Alamine 304 (tridodecylamine) or Alamine 336(trioctylamine) as extractants diluted in the membrane phase (kerosene), Cd 2+ wassuccessfully removed from the feed suspension and no cadmium was found incorporatedin the stable phase (DH) formed.Presented on:15th International Symposium on Industrial Crystall<strong>iz</strong>ationSorento, Italy 15.-18.09.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ljerka BrečevićProject No. 009806173
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 67MODE AND SITES OF INCORPORATION OF ANIONS IN CALCITEJ. Kontrec; D. Kralj; Lj. Brečević; G. Falini; S. Fermani; V. Noethig-Laslo; K.MirosavljevićRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaCalcite is of great interest because of its wide use both in industry (pigment and filler inpaper, rubber, plastics, paints etc.) and in the natural environment (biomineral<strong>iz</strong>ation,geological scales). It also has important application in energy production technology andwater treatment. In all these instances the crystal s<strong>iz</strong>e distribution and morphology of thecrystals are of great significance. Additives and impurities of both inorganic and organicnature play here an important role. In the recent years, the most intensively investigatedadditives concerning this matter were soluble polymeric and special functional lowmolecular weight additives, as well as the protein macromolecules isolated from someliving organisms. Among the inorganic ions and small molecules, the effect of Mg 2+ andsome organic acids on the formation and morphology of calcium carbonate polymorphswere much more studied than the effect of anions and other cations.In order to investigate the role of anions separately from the foreign cations in the calciumcarbonate precipitation system, calcite was precipitated from a homogeneous system inwhich calcium hydroxide (c i (Ca 2+ ) = 5.0 × 10 -3 mol dm -3 ) and carbonic acid (c i (CO 3 2- ) = 9.0× 10 -3 mol dm -3 ) solutions were used as reactants. Thus, any possible effects of otherions than constituent ions (Ca 2+, CO 3 2- ) and the products of autoprotolysis of water (H 3 O + ,OH - ) on the precipitation of calcite were avoided. Foreign anions were added to theprecipitation system in the form of calcium salt (CaSO 4 , Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and CaCl 2 ) solutions.The aim of this work was to shed more light upon mode and sites of the possibleincorporation of these anions into the calcite lattice. For this purpose X-ray powderdiffraction (XRD), FT-IR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies,scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry and ionic chromatography wereused. In order to study the local environment in calcite crystal lattice by EPRspectroscopy, Mn 2+ was used as a paramagnetic substitute for Ca 2+ .It was found that the crystal s<strong>iz</strong>e distribution and morphology were not affected by theaddition of the co-anions in concentrations examined (1.0 × 10 -4 , 3.0 × 10 -4 , 6.0 × 10 -4 and1.0 × 10 -3 mol dm -3 ). Nevertheless, the incorporation of the co-anions in the crystal latticeof calcite was detected. The calcite unit-cell parameters (i.e., a, b, c, and unit-cell volume)of all powder samples were measured and the disturbation of the calcite crystal latticewas found to increase in the series chloride>nitrate>sulphate. The results obtained will bediscussed and a model proposed by which the mode and sites of the foreign anionsincorporation in calcite can be explained.Presented on:The 14th International Conference on Crystal Growth in conjunction with The 12thInternational Conference on Vapor Growth and EpitaxyGrenoble, France, 9. - 13.08.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ljerka BrečevićProject No. 009806174
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 68CONDUCTION ANISOTROPY, HALL EFFECT ANDMAGNETORESISTANCE OF (TMTSF) 2 ReO 4 AT HIGHTEMPERATURESB.Korin-Hamzić 1 ; E.Tafra 2 ; M.Basletić 2 ; A.Hamzić 2 ; G.Untereiner 3 ; M.Dressel 31 Institute of Physics, University of Zagreb, Croatia2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia3 Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, GermanyWe present the high temperature results for conductivity, Hall effect andmagnetoresistance (in the least-conducting direction) for (TMTSF) 2 ReO 4 , at ambientpressure and above anion-ordering metal-insulator transition (T AO ≈ 180 K). Thepronounced conductivity anisotropy, a small and smoothly temperature dependent Halleffect and a small, positive and temperature dependent magnetoresistance are analyzedwithin the Fermi-liquid and non-Fermi liquid models.Presented on:International Conference on Science and Technology of Synthetic Metals,Shangai, China, 29.6.- 5.7.2002.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Amir HamzićProject No. 011925175
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 69GENUS Campanula L. IN CROATIAN FLORA: TAXONOMY ANDEVOLUTIONSanja KOVAČIĆ; Zlatko LIBER; Mirta TKALEC; Toni NIKOLIĆFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaGenus Campanula L. comprises about 300 species in the Northern hemisphere, half ofwhich occures in Europe. Croatia, being exceptionally rich in plant taxa, has 46 taxa ofGenus Campanula: 38 species and 8 subspecies. Absolute prevailing chromosomenumberis n = 17 (34 taxa). There are 38 diploids, while 8 taxa have both diploid andpolyploid populations. Presumably more primitive Section, Rapunculus, is presented inCroatian flora with only 4 taxa, while Section Campanula includes the rest of 42 taxa.Largest Aggregats are Rotundifolia with 11 taxa and Elatines with 4 taxa. Main researchinterest of this study is in Croatian endemical Campanula taxa, 20 in total, out of which 8of extremely narrow distribution: Campanula waldsteiniana, C. tommasiniana, C.fenestrellata, C. istriaca, C. portenschalgiana, C. poscharskyana, C. justiniana and C.hercegovina. These species are perennial chasmophyta, mostly of the Adratic-coastmountains. Comparative morphological and ecological data, as well as allozymes andrestriction-site variation of PCR-amplified cpDNA fragments, were used to provideinsights into their relationships. The data were analysed using multivariate statistical andcladistical methods. This paper presents the preliminar results in these research.Presented on:3 rd International Balkan Botanical Congress - Plant resources in the Creation of NewValuesSarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegowina, 18. – 24. May 2003Principal investigator : Dr.sc. Branka Pevalek-KozlinaProject No. 011915576
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 70MUTANT CHOLINESTERASES POSSESSING ENHANCEDCAPACITY FOR REACTIVATION OF THEIR PHOSPHONYLATEDCONJUGATESZrinka Kovarik 1,2 ; Zoran Radić; Harvey A. Berman 3 ; Vera Simeon-Rudolf 2 ;Elsa Reiner 2 ; Palmer Taylor 11 Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA;2 Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia;3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo,Buffalo, NY 14214, USASelective mutants of mouse acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) phosphonylatedwith chiral S P - and R P -cycloheptyl, -3,3-dimethylbutyl and -isopropyl, methylphosphonylthiocholines were subjected to reactivation by the oximes HI-6 and 2-PAM and theirreactivation kinetics compared with wild-type AChE. Mutations in the choline binding site(Y337A, F338A) or combined with acyl pocket mutations (F295L, F297I) were employedto enlarge active center gorge dimensions. HI-6 was more efficient than 2-PAM (up to29,000 times) as a reactivator of S P -phosphonates (k r ranged from 50 to 13,000 min -1 M -1 ),while R P -conjugates were reactivated by both oximes at similar, but far slower rates(k r
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 71PHOSPHONYLATION OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE AND THEPROPENSITY FOR REACTIVATION ANALYZED BY CHIRALITY ANDMUTAGENESISZrinka Kovarik 1,2 ; Zoran Radić 2 ; Harvey A. Berman 3 ; Palmer Taylor 21 Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia;2 Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA;3 Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, State University of New York at Buffalo,Buffalo, NY 14260, USAMouse acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its mutants were inhibited with S P - and R P -cycloheptyl- (CHMP), isopropyl- (iPrMP), and 3,3-dimethylbutyl- (DMBMP)methylphosphonyl thiocholine enantiomers. Double and triple mutants of AChE hadcombined substitutions in the acyl pocket (F295L, F297I), choline binding site (Y337A,F338A) and in the active site residue, neighbouring the catalytic serine, E202Q.The S P -enantiomers of the methylphosphonate esters are more reactive in forming theconjugate with AChE than R P -enantiomers. The majority of combined mutants, however,were inhibited by S P isomers at slower rates than the wild type AChE. Opening of thecholine binding site by mutations Y337A/F338A enhanced inhibition rates 2-fold for allinhibitors except for S P -CHMP which inhibited the mutant at a similar rate as wild typeAChE. On the other hand, modification of aromatic residues in the active centre of AChEinto aliphatic residues found in butyrylcholinesterase, F295L, F297I and Y337A, enhanceinhibition of R P isomers thus approaching inhibition rates of butyrylcholinesterase. Uponthe F297I/Y337A mutations, R P enantiomers of CHMP and iPrMP became more reactivethan S P enantiomers while reaction with the S P enantiomers was slightly reduced,displaying inverted stereospecificity. Similar multiple mutations at these positions havebeen analysed for reactivation by the oximes, 2-PAM and HI-6. Similar to the inactivationrates, the S P formed conjugates show the more rapid reactivation rates. Certain multiplemutations yield substantial enhancements of reactivation rates. Binary combinations ofoximes and these mutant enzymes may form effective scavenging agents.(Supported by GM18360, DAMD1718014 and a fellowship of the Ministry of Science andTechnology of the Republic of Croatia)Presented on:XIth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms – Function & Dysfunction and2nd Misrahi Symposium on NeurobiologySt. Moritz, Sw<strong>iz</strong>erland, 5-9. 05. 2002Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Vera SimeonProject No. 002201478
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 72ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE MUTANTS POSSESSING ENHANCEDCAPACITY FOR SCAVENGING ORGANOPHOSPHONATESZrinka Kovarik 1,2 ; Zoran Radić 1 ; Lori L. Jennings 1 ; Harvey A. Berman 3 ; PalmerTaylor 11 Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California92093-06362 Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Croatia3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University at Buffalo,Buffalo, New York 14214Reaction of organophosphonates with acetylcholinesterase (AChE: EC 3.1.1.7) ischaracter<strong>iz</strong>ed by the formation of the serine-conjugated adducts that are only slowlyreversible. Since the oximes are the only known antidote to nerve agent poisoning thatrestores the activity of AChE, mutagenesis of the AChE may lead to means of enhancing theefficiency of antidotal and prophylactic therapy as well.We prepared mouse AChE mutants with substitutions in the choline binding site and the acylpocket that reflect a transition between AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; EC 3.1.1.8)active center geometry due to the known BChE gorge enlargement of BChE. Mutants werephosphonylated with chiral S P - and R P -cycloheptyl, -3,3-dimethylbutyl and -isopropylmethylphosphonyl thiocholines, and then were subjected to reactivation by oxime, HI-6. Theirinhibition and reactivation kinetics were compared with wild-type AChE and BChE. Fordetection of the phosphonylated enzyme, regenerated enzyme and/or aged enzyme we usedadditionally MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.The Y337A substitution accelerated all reactivation rates over the wild-type AChE, andenabled reactivation even of R P -cycloheptyl and R P -3,3-dimethylbutyl conjugates that whenformed in wild-type AChE are resistant to reactivation. When combined with the F295L orF297I mutations in the acyl pocket, the Y337A mutation showed substantial enhancements ofreactivation rates of the S P -conjugates. The greatest enhancement of 120-fold was achievedfor the F295L/Y337A phosphonylated with the most bulky alkoxy moiety, S P -cycloheptylmethylphosphonate. This significant enhancement is likely a direct consequence ofsimultaneously increasing the dimensions of both the choline binding site and the acyl pocket.The increase in dimensions allows for optim<strong>iz</strong>ing the angle of oxime attack in the spatiallyimpacted gorge as suggested from molecular modeling. Rates of reactivation reach valuessufficient for consideration of mixtures of a mutant enzyme and an oxime as a scavengingstrategy in protection and treatment of organophosphate exposure. Moreover, the mutationsdescribed here that enhance oxime reactivation also react rapidly with themethylphosphonates, so the limitations in scavenging capacity depend on efficiency of theoxime to continually regenerate active AChE.This work was supported by grants the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Commandunder Grant DAMD17-02-2-25.Presented on:Bioscience 2004 Medical Defense Review,Baltimore, MD, USA,16-21. 05. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Vera SimeonProject No. 002201479
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 73ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE MUTANTS – OXIME-ASSISTEDCATALYTIC SCAVENGERS OF ORGANOPHOSPHONATESZrinka Kovarik 1,2 , Zoran Radić 1 , Vera Simeon 2 , Elsa Reiner 2 ; Palmer Taylor 11 Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California92093-0636, USA2 Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, CroatiaMutagenesis of acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) should enable one to developmore effective scavenging agents in which AChE itself in combination with an oxime willcomplete a catalytic cycle of hydrolysis of the organophosphate by rapid inhibitionfollowed by rapid nucleophile-mediated hydrolysis of the phosphonyl enzyme conjugate.We enlarged the active site gorge of mouse AChE with mutations Y337A, F295L andF297I, and studied the reactivation of phosphonylated mutants by the oxime HI-6, aswell as the continuous enzymatic hydrolysis of the S P -cycloheptyl methylphosphonylthiocholine (S P -CHMPTCh) in the presence of HI-6. The mutants reacted rapidly with S P -CHMPTCh, and rates of HI-6 reactivation were enhanced up to 130-fold.Continuous hydrolysis of S P -CHMPTCh was measured spectrophotometrically bydetermining the thiocholine released during hydrolysis with DTNB as the thiol reagent.The medium contained 0.5 µM enzyme, 20 µM S P -CHMPTCh, 1 mM HI-6 and 0.33 mMDTNB in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at 22 °C. Under these experimental conditions,the increase in thiocholine concentration was linear with time until hydrolysis wascompleted. The rates of hydrolysis expressed as moles of released thiocholine per moleof enzyme per minute reaction time were 3.3, 0.69, 0.34 and 0.15 for F295L/Y337A,Y337A, F297I/Y337A and AChE wild-type, respectively. These rates did not depend onthe initial S P -CHMPTCh concentration. However, by increasing the HI-6 concentrationthe rates approached a limiting value, indicating that oxime reactivation is probably therate-limiting step in S P -CHMPTCh hydrolysis. These results confirm that a mixture of amutant enzyme and an oxime might serve as a catalytic scavenger in protection andtreatment of organophosphate exposure. Variations in oxime structure and furtherrefinements of AChE mutations should improve the catalytic potential of the scavenger.(Supported by DAMD 17-02-2-25).Presented on:VIII International Meeting on CholinesterasesPerugia, Italy, 26-30. 09. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Vera SimeonProject No. 002201480
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 74PHOSPHORYLATION OF MOUSE CHOLINESTERASES ANDMUTANTS BY DDVP AND REACTIVATION OF CONJUGATES BY HI-6 AND 2-PAMZrinka Kovarik 1 ; Lilly Wong 2 ; Zoran Radić 2 ; Palmer Taylor 21 Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia2 Department for Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USADDVP (O,O-dimethyl-O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) phosphate) inhibits cholinesterases yieldingthe smallest symmetrical phosphorylated enzyme conjugate. Five recombinant DNAderivedmouse acetylcholinesterases (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7), containing the F295L, F297Iand Y337A mutations, and mouse butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; EC 3.1.1.8) wereinhibited by DDVP. The phosphorylated enzymes have been analysed for reactivation bythe oximes, HI-6 and 2-PAM. Both inhibition and reactivation rate constants weredetermined. Phosphorylation by DDVP was about 7-fold more rapid for BChE (k i = 4.5 x10 5 min -1 M -1 ) than for AChE (k i = 6.2 x 10 4 min -1 M -1 ). Inhibition rates of mutantsdecreased slightly compared to wild type AChE with the largest reduction being 5-fold forF297I/Y337A. An exception was phosphorylation of F295L/Y337A mutant where the rateincreased and approached the inhibition rate of BChE. The near complete reactivation(90-100%) with HI-6 and 2-PAM was achieved for all dimethoxyphosphorylcholinesteraseconjugates. Both oximes reactivated BChE conjugate at a similar rate(k r(HI-6) =420 min -1 M -1 ; k r(2-PAM) =360 min -1 M -1 ). However, the BChE conjugate wasreactivated about 4-fold faster by HI-6 and 1.5-fold faster by 2-PAM than the AChEconjugate. Partial substitution of AChE residues with residues found in BChE did notachieve an overall reactivation rate comparable to the phosphorylated BChE. The Y337Amutation, that enhanced k 2 , the maximal rate of reactivation, also increased K ox , theconstant reflecting dissociation of the initial complex, thereby achieving no overallenhancement in rate. The double mutants were more resistant to oxime reactivation thanthe single mutants. In contrast to the phosphonates with more bulky alkoxy groups,enlarging the dimensions of the acyl pocket and choline binding site did not substantiallyenhance phosphorylation by DDVP or oxime mediated reactivation rates. (Supported byDAMD17-18014 grant to P.T.)Presented on:Seventh International Meeting on CholinesterasesPucon, Chile, 8-12. 11. 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Vera SimeonProject No. 002201481
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 75ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF SEA-SURFACEMICROLAYER SAMPLESZ.Kozarac; S. Frka; B.ĆosovićRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaThe electrochemical method, based on the measurement of adsorption effects at themercury electrode is applied for the investigation of sea surface microlayers. The seasurfacemicrolayer has been defined as the top 1 to 1000µm of the sea surface. Itrepresents the interfacial region where many organic substances are highly enriched andwhere important bio-physico-chemical processes and exchange of gases are takingplace.Sea-surface microlayers collected by special device can be studied either withoutpretreatment, or they can be previously extracted by organic solvent and theninvestigated as ex-situ reconstructed film. Such films are then transferred to the mercuryelectrode by vertical dipping of the electrode through the film.In this work we determined capacitance of the original samples and ex-situ reconstructedfilms by using phase sensitive alternating current voltammetry. Additional character<strong>iz</strong>ationof ex-situ reconstructed microlayers, as well as of the original samples have been doneby using cadmium as an electrochemical probe. On the basis of capacitancemeasurements and determination of degree of inhibition, character<strong>iz</strong>ation of theinvestigated microlayer samples have been done. Organic substances with differenthydrophobic properties and different functional groups were found in original sample andin ex-situ reconstructed films what resulted in different adsorption and inhibitionbehaviour.Optical visual<strong>iz</strong>ation of the microlayers have been performed by using Brewster anglemicroscopy. This method provides information about the homogeneity of the film,existence and formation of domains and phase transitions. Comparison withelectrochemical data will be done.Presented on:53 rd Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry (ISE Meeting),Düsseldorf, Germany, 15-20.09.2002.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Božena ĆosovićProject No. 009812282
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 76TRTIUM DISTRIBUTION IN PRECIPITATION OVER CROATIA ANDSLOVENIAKrajcar Bronić, Ines; Horvatinčić, Nada; Barešić, Jadranka; Obelić, Bogomil; Vreča,PolonaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaTritium activity in monthly precipitation at several marine stations in Croatia and Sloveniais presented. Data for the period 2000 - 2003 are compared with the long-term data (1976- 2003) for continental stations Zagreb and Ljubljana.Presented on:11 th Congress of International Radiation Protection Association,Madrid, Spain, 23-28.05.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bogomil ObelićProject No. 009801483
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 77ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF PRECIPITATION ALONG THEADRIATIC COAST OF CROATIA AND SLOVENIAKrajcar Bronić, Ines; Horvatinčić, Nada; Barešić, Jadranka; Obelić, Bogomil; Vreča,Polona; Lojen, Sonja; Vidič, SonjaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaIsotope composition (tritium and stable isotopes 2 H and 18 O) of precipitation along theAdriatic coasts of Croatia and Slovenia are presented for the period 2000-2003. Meanmonthly temperatures and monthly amount of precipitation is also shown for 6 stations inCroatia and 3 in Slovenia. Relations between isotope composition and temperature arepresented.Presented on:IAEA International Symposium on Isotope Hydrology and Integrated Water ResourcesManagementVienna, Austria, 19-23.05.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bogomil ObelićProject No. 009801484
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 78ISOTOPE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PRECIPITATIONALONG THE COAST OF CROATIA AND SLOVENIAKrajcar Bronić, Ines; Horvatinčić, Nada; Vreča, Polona; Lojen, Sonja; Šojat, Višnja;Vidič, Sonja; Barešić, JadrankaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaIn this work we present tritium activity and stable isotope content in monthly precipitationsamples at several stations along the Adriatic coast for period 2000-2001, together withthe corresponding meteorological data (precipitation amount, mean monthlytemperature), and the mean values of some chemical pollutants of water and air. Averagemonthly values of pH, sulphate and nitrate concentrations in precipitation, and SO 2 andNO 2 concentrations in air have been calculated from daily measurements.Presented on:Mediterranean Basin Conference on Analytical ChemistryPortorož, Slovenia, 15-20.09.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bogomil ObelićProject No. 009801485
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 79ISOT OPE COMPOS IT ION OF PRECIPIT AT ION IN CROAT IA:COMP AR ISON OF CONT INENT AL AND MAR IT IMEST AT IONSKrajcar Bronić, Ines; Horvatinčić, Nada; Barešić, Jadranka; Obelić, Bogomil; Vreča,PolonaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaMonitoring of isotope composition ( 2 H, 3 H, 18 O) of precipitation at Zagreb (Croatia) andLjubljana (Slovenia) has been performed since 1976 and 1980, respectively within theGNIP Network. These stations show the isotope composition pattern typical of continentalstations of the Northern Hemisphere. Within the IAEA Co-ordinated Research Program"Isotopic Composition of Precipitation in the Mediterranean Basin in Relation to AirCirculation Patterns and Climate" the network has been extended to several stationsalong the Adriatic coasts of Croatia and Slovenia. Sampling of monthly precipitation hasbeen performed since September 2000 at additional stations in Croatia: Malinska on KrkIsland (1 m a.s.l., north Adriatic), Zadar (5 m a.s.l., mid-Adriatic), Komiža on Vis Island (6m a.s.l., south Adriatic), Dubrovnik (52 m a.s.l., south Adriatic), and Zavižan on Mt.Velebit (1594 m a.s.l., high-altitude station above the mid-Adriatic coast). Additionalsampling stations in Slovenia are Portorož-Airport (2 m a.s.l.) and Kozina (497 m a.s.l.),both at the north Adriatic coast. Here we present the tritium and stable isotopecomposition of precipitation at marine stations for the period 2000 – 2003 and comparethe results with the long-term data for continental stations. The relations between thetemperature and 18 O, between 18 O and 2 H, and the altitude and d 18 O, are studied inparticular. The presented data shows present-day temporal and spatial distribution oftritium and stable isotopes 2 H and 18 O in precipitation of a relatively small area rich inclimatic and orologic diversity. The data can be used in various applications, such asclimatology and hydrology. The database can also be useful in case of a nuclear accidentor any other accidental release of tritium into the atmosphere.Presented on:UNESCO International Workshop on the Application of Isotope Techniques inHydrological and Environmental StudiesParis, France, 06-08.09.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bogomil ObelićProject No. 009801486
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 80PRECIPITATION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE FROM CALCIUMHYDROXIDE AND CARBONIC ACID SOLUTIONSD. Kralj, J. Kontrec, Lj. BrečevićRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaThe influence of initial reactant concentrations (c(Ca(OH) 2 ) = 2.0·10 -3 – 1.0·10 -2 mol dm -3and c(H 2 CO 3 ) = 1.0·10 -3 – 1.2·10 -2 mol dm -3 ) on the composition, morphology and amountof the precipitates formed by spontaneous precipitation of calcium carbonate at 25 °C hasbeen investigated. Precipitation of calcium carbonate was achieved by mixing equalvolumes of both calcium hydroxide and carbonic acid solutions. Propagation of thereaction was followed by measuring pH of the solution in the systems continuously stirredat a constant rate. Precipitates aged for 20 min were character<strong>iz</strong>ed by means of acombination of optical microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, crystal s<strong>iz</strong>e distribution andspecific surface area measurements. The effect of initial supersaturation is discussed.Presented on:15th International Symposium on Industrial Crystall<strong>iz</strong>ationSorento, Italy 15.-18.09.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ljerka BrečevićProject No. 009806187
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 81CRYSTALLIZATION OF CALCITE IN THE PRESENCE OF Mg 2+ ANDINORGANIC ANIONSD. Kralj, J. Kontrec, Lj. Brečević, G. Falini, V. Noethig-LasloRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaCalcium carbonate is widespread on earth as geological and biological material and it isalso one of the most important raw materials for use as filler and pigment in a variety ofindustrial productions. Such a diversity of finding places, roles in natural processes anduses in industrial production, demand different approaches to the investigation of thismaterial.In this work the influence of Mg 2+ and some inorganic anions, common impurities in anynatural and industrial precipitation systems, on the physical and chemical properties ofcalcite was investigated. Calcium carbonate was precipitated from calcium hydroxide andcarbonic acid solutions at 25 °C, with and without the addition of different magnesium(MgSO 4 , Mg(NO 3 ) 2 and MgCl 2 ) and sodium salts (Na 2 SO 4 , NaNO 3 and NaCl) of identicalanions. In order to study morphology, crystal s<strong>iz</strong>e distribution, composition, structure andthe specific surface area of the precipitated crystals, as well as the mode of cation- andanion-incorporation in the calcite crystal lattice, a combination of optical and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM), electronic counting device, multiple B.E.T. method,thermogravimetry, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electronparamagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy were used. It was found that calcite wasthe first and the only polymorphic modification of calcium carbonate that appeared in theprecipitation systems of lower initial relative supersaturations. In the systems of highinitial supersaturations, precipitation of an amorphous precursor phase preceded theformation of calcite. By increasing the magnesium concentration in solution, the contentof magnesium in calcite also increased and showed an evident correlation with the typeof magnesium salt used. Incorporation of magnesium caused the formation of crystalselongated along the calcite c-axis and, in some cases, the appearance of new {011}faces. The formation of polycrystalline aggregates occurred on increasing thec i (Mg 2+ )/c i (Ca 2+ ) molar ratios in solution. The addition of sulphate ions alone caused theformation of spherical calcite polycrystalline aggregates.Presented on:The 14th International Conference on Crystal Growth in conjunction with The 12thInternational Conference on Vapor Growth and EpitaxyGrenoble, France, 9. - 13.08.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ljerka BrečevićProject No. 009806188
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 82DIVERSITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES IN THE NORTHERNADRIATIC DURING THE MUCILAGE PHENOMENON OF THE 2002Kraus, RominaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaThe mucilage phenomenon is character<strong>iz</strong>ed by the formation of subsurface (at theshallow pycnocline -“false bottom”) and surface sticky organic layers, extending forseveral kilometres, along the frontal zones between water of different salinity during latespring and summer. In addition, giant aggregates of various forms, up to 5m in length, areformed in upper water column. This phenomenon is particularly marked and recurrent inthe northern Adriatic Sea, in intervals ranging from 6-50 years, and was studiedscientifically since the 19 th century. There is a consensus that these aggregationsrepresent a build-up of suspended organic, plankton cells and organisms, and inorganicmaterial, entrapped in a matrix, generated by gelling of polysaccharide exudates mainlyfrom phytoplankton. A study of the aggregates and surrounding water during the 2002event of the phenomenon shown that the phytoplankton abundances in the mucilaginousmaterial (10 6 -10 7 L -1 ) were at least one, often up to three orders of magnitude higher thanin the surrounding water (10 3 -10 6 L -1 ). While Bacillariophyceae dominated both inseawater and aggregates, Dinophyceae only occasionally contributed in relatively largeamounts in the phytoplankton abundance, with rare occurrences of Haptophyceae andChrysophyceae species. Frequent dominant species in the aggregates wereCylindrotheca closterium, Nitzschia tenuirostris, Cerataulina pelagica and Rh<strong>iz</strong>osoleniaalata f. gracillima. Only 20-50% of the species were found both in the aggregate andcorresponding surrounding water samples. C. closterium was the most important speciesin the aggregates (10 4 -10 7 L -1 ), while it was detected in quite smaller abundances in thesurrounding water (10 2 -10 3 L -1 ). These observations confirm the hypothesis that themucilaginous aggregates represent self-sustaining planktonic communities with a minimalexchange of species with the surrounding water.Pesented on:38 th EMBS (European Marine Biology Symposium)Aveiro, Portugal, 08.-12.09.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Danilo DegobbisProject No. 009811189
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 83Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve IN THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC(June 1999 - July 2002)Kraus, Romina; Djakovac, Tamara; Radić, TomislavRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaAbundance and apparent frequency of the diatom Skeletonema costatum wereinvestigated for three years (June 1999 - July 2002), at seven stations, representing thewestern (eutrophic) and eastern (oligotrophic) northern Adriatic Sea. The relation of S.costatum with transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), a possible precursor ofmacroaggregation, recurrent in the northern Adriatic Sea, was analysed as well.Presented on:CIESM (Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la merMediterranee)Barcelona, Spain, 07.-11.06.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Danilo DegobbisProject No. 009811190
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 84RECENT MICROPHYTOPLANKTON CHANGES IN THE NORTHERNADRIATICKraus, Romina; Milić, Danijela; Degobbis, DaniloRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaThe microphytoplankton community of the northern Adriatic Sea is largely under the influence of thePo River nutrient contributions, particularly in spring (May and June), as a consequence of meltingsnow in the Alps, and in the autumn, frequently in October. In the winter the Po influence is restrictedto the western part of the region, due to prevailing of currents towards southeast, along the easterncoast. Inflow of fresh nutrients to the northern aquatorium, which is generally oligotrophic, togetherwith the usual factors influencing phytoplankton growth, influence the distribution of themicrophytoplankton. Microphytoplankton crop and diversity were investigated in a three and a halfyear period, at three stations, chosen to represent the western, central and eastern part of thenorthern Adriatic. Samples were obtained from three depths (surface, 10m and 2m above thebottom), preserved with Lugol's solution and cell counts made using the Utermöhl settling technique.Hor<strong>iz</strong>ontal, vertical and seasonal distributions were analyzed. Cell counts decreased from theeastern towards the western coast mostly in the interval from 2,5·10 6 cells L -1 to 0,75·10 6 cells L -1 ,but, with occasionally higher values measured at the western station, up to 1,5·10 7 cells L -1 . Despitethe shallowness of the region, vertical distribution of the microphytoplankton abundance is quitepronounced, ranging up to one order of magnitude in stratified conditions. Usual seasonaldistribution, spring and autumn bloom, was somewhat changed in the analyzed period and ofdifferent intensities each of the analyzed years. Microphytoplankton in the northern Adriatic is mostlyconsisted of diatoms, among them the following being the most dominant: Asterionellopsis glacialis,Cerataulina pelagica and Skeletonema costatum, as well as species of the genus Nitzschia andChaetoceros. S. costatum and A. glacialis are winter species, the first was dominant in the winters of1999, 1999/2000 and 2000/2001, while the other one was dominant only in the winter 2001/2. C.pelagica is an early summer species, which was dominant in the samples of June and July of 2000,2001 and 2002. Nitzschia and Chaetoceros species are constantly present during the entire year.However, in the 2001, Chaetoceros species were considerably less present than in the other years.Nitzschia species were more present in the lower layers of the aquatorium. In the eighties, significantelevation of the abundance and frequency of the appearance of Nitzschia delicatissima and N.longissima f. tenuirostris, as well as a decrease of N. seriata, was noticed; e.g. N. seriata waspresent in high contribution only in the winter of 2001. Increase of abundance and frequency ofSkeletonema costatum, a eurihaline and euriterm species, characteristic for eutrophic coastal zone,was also noticed in the last two decades. Blooms of Asterionelopsis glacialis and Cerataulinapelagica, which occurred in the analyzed period, were noticed only recently, they were in the periodof late eighties and early nineties present only in small abundances. Changes in abundances andfrequencies of the microphytoplankton community are most likely influenced by climatic changes(global warming and changes in the Po flow regime), which determine environmental conditions.Presented on:Scientific and policy challenges towards an effective management of the marineenvironment - emphasis on the Black Sea and the Mediterranean regionsVarna, Bulgaria, 12-18.10.2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Danilo DegobbisProject No. 009811191
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 85RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE MICROBIAL FOOD WEB IN THENORTHERN ADRIATIC SEAKrstulović, Jadranka; Fuks, Dragica; Radić, TomislavRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaProcesses within the microbial food web play an important role in the energy-matter transfersthroughout the marine ecosystems. Heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF, 2-20 ľm in diameter) areconsidered to be the primary bacterivores in most of the aqautic ecosystems. There are also strongevidences of them as herbivores, which is connected with the available autotrophic versusheterotrophic prey biomass. Concerning the significant abundance of cyanobacteria, photosyntheticprokaryotes, in coastal waters, it is necessary to compare their relation to HNF with the relationbetween HNF and heterotrophic bacteria, because of the different roles of those two bacterialgroups in the cycling of nutrients and organic matter. The data presented in this study werecollected during a 12-year-period (1990-2001) at five depths of six stations, along the profile Rovinj(Croatia) - Po River Delta (Italy). Heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria and HNF counts wereperformed by epifluorescence microscopy using the fluorochrome DAPI staining technique forheterotrophic bacteria, primulin staining technique for HNF and autofluorescence of cyanobacteria.The studied area is character<strong>iz</strong>ed by marked eutrophication gradients, due to high nutrient andorganic matter contributions of the Po River. It is also character<strong>iz</strong>ed by periodic hypertrophicformation of giant organic aggregates in the water column and kilometres long gelatinous surfacelayers (mucilage events) in late spring and summer. This phenomenon occurred with increasingfrequency during the last two decades. The aim of this study was to compare the relationships ofHNF with heterotrophic bacteria and cyanobacteria, in years with (1991, 1997, 2000 and 2001) andwithout mucilage events. Each of the two groups of years is divided in five seasons, which wereidentified according to the prevailing processes in each of those seasons in the northern Adriaticecosystem. The six stations were divided into four groups, according to the bacterial abundancegradient along the profile. The results show that HNF were tightly coupled to the cyanobacteriamore often than to heterotrophic bacteria, in all seasons, especially in the years with the mucilageevent. In the July-August and September-November seasons, both bacterial groups mostly werecontrolled by HNF, much more than in the other three seasons. However, in the season July-Augustcyanobacteria were correlated with HNF in all years and regions (R=0.612-0.229, p=0.000-0.007),while, in contrast, heterotrophic bacteria show correlations only in the years without mucilage events(R=0.512-0.367, p=0.000-0.002), although their biomass, as well as the cyanobacterial, were bothhigher in that season compared to the other seasons, in the years with the events (het. bacteria:35.3 - 66.2 ľg C L-1, cyanobacteria: 16.9 - 37.5 ľg C L-1). This difference was also obvious in theFebruary-April and May-June seasons, when again cyanobacteria were positively correlated to HNFin most of the cases in the years with mucilage events (R=0.569-0.223, p=0.000-0.018). Also, theratios of the cyanobacterial biomass in the total bacterial biomass were higher (up to ~70%) and thecyanobacterial abundances were significantly larger in the years with mucilages, already from earlyspring, preceding the triggering of the events. The obtained results indicate that relationships withinthe microbial food web varied significantly among the seasons and the years with and withoutmucilage events, pointing out an important role of cyanobacteria and their relationship withheterotrophic nanoflagellates in the northern Adriatic.Presented on:Scientific and policy challenges towards an effective management of the marineenvironment - emphasis on the Black Sea and the Mediterranean regionsVarna, Bulgaria, 12-18.10.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Danilo DegobbisProject No. 009811192
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 86VORTEX PINNING BY CORRELATED DISORDER INNANOPARTICLE DOGED MgB2Kušević 1 , I.; Babić 1 , E.; Husnjak 1 , O.; Soltonian 2 , S.; Wang 2 , X. L.; Delfany 2 , M.;Dou 2 , S. X.1) Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia2) Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong,AustraliaMagnetoresistivity and critical current density were measured on five Si-nanoparticledoped (c _ 10 wt.%) and undoped Cu-sheathed MgB2 tapes and wires for temperaturesT _ 28 K in magnetic fields B _ 0.95 T. Unlike the irreversibility lines Birr(T) for undopedsamples (smooth lines), Birr(T) for doped samples shows a change in slope which istypical for high-temperature superconductors (HTS) with correlated disorder.Microstructural studies of nanoparticle doped MgB2 show uniforlmy dispersed Mg2Sinanopercipitates which probably act as a correlated disorder (B_ is the matching field).But, in contrast to HTS, in nanoparticle doped MgB2 the enhancement of Birr (withrespect to undoped one) persists at all field scales (including B _ B_).Presented on:CMD20 (The 20th General Conference od the Condensed MatterDivision European Physical Society)Prague, Czech Republic, 19. - 23. July 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Emil BabićProject No. 011926093
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 87AN EIS STUDY OF NANOSTRUCTURED BIOCOMPATIBLEHYDROXYAPATITE COATINGS ON TITANIUM ALLOYSA. Kwokal; J. Piljac; M. Metikoš-HukovićFaculty of chemical engineering and technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe concept of coating metal implant surface with multilayered nanostructures ofhydroxyapatite bioceramic films combines the mechanical benefits of alloys withbiocompatible properties of the coating. Titanium, Ti6Al6Nb and Ti6Al4V substrates werecoated by the sol-gel technique using calcium 2-ethylhexanoate and 2-ethyl-hexylphosphateas calcium and phosphorus precursors, respectively. The coatings werecharacter<strong>iz</strong>ed by the x-ray diffraction technique.The dielectric properties of CaP coatings and their influence on chemical and corrosionstability of the substrate material were investigated in simulated physiological solutionusing nondestructive impedance spectroscopy technique. After prolongoued exposure tophysiological solution, due to disintegration of the coating, the properties of substratematerial became pronounced with the following order of decreasing resistance tocorrosion: Ti6Al6Nb > Ti > Ti6Al4V. The results were compared with the results ofspontaneously formed coatings on titanium and titanium alloys.Presented on:53rd Annual Meeting of the Intermational Society of Elecrochemistry (ISE) joint organ<strong>iz</strong>edwith GDCh-Fachgruppe Angewandte ElektrochemieDüsseldorf, Germany 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mirjana Metikoš-HukovićProject No. 012501194
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 88PREPARATION OF NEW BRUSH-TYPE CHIRAL STATIONARYPHASES WITH IMPROVED PROPERTIESG. Landek, V. Vinković, D. Kontrec, V. ŠunjićRuñer Bošković Institute,Zagreb, CroatiaThe enhanced demand for enantiomerically pure compounds (EPC) has led to thedevelopment of a variety of enantioselective separation methods. Like very useful oneemerged liquid chromatography which use chiral stationary phases (CSPs). One of themost used CSPs named brush or Pirkle type CSPs consist of small optically activecompounds covalently bound to silica gel. Generally, mechanism of chiral recognition onthis type of CSPs is based on noncovalent interactions (π-π interactions, hydrogenbonding attractions and van der Waals interactions) between enantiomers of analyte andCSP. Hydrogen bond is the most often achived by the amide group, and π-π interactionsby aromatic groups with strong π-donor or π-acceptor characteristic.In the last five years we have developed a wide range of original brush-type CSPs using1,3-dicyano-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene as a branching achiral unit. Prepared CSPsachieved in some cases the excellent enantioseparations particularly for racemates withπ-acceptor characteristics. Based on this knowledge our second-generation CSPscomprise sites convenient for additional attractions of specific analytes and the moreefficient π-acceptor and/or π-donor units. A very large number of different racemates areresolved by these CSPs. Synthetic approaches, structural characteristics andenantioseparation abilities of these newly prepared CSPs will be presented.Presented on:WINTER SCHOOL ON ORGANIC REACTIVITY (WISOR)Bressanone, Italy, January 6 - 13, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vladimir VinkovićProject No. 009805195
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 89ADHESION OF DIFFERENT MARINE BACTERIA, OUTERMEMBRANEPROTEINS AND LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTIONBlažina Maria; Landini, Paolo; Najdek, Mirjana; Fuks, Dragica; Svetličić, VesnaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaMarine bacteria were identified by fatty acid analysis and their ability to attach to surfaceswas tested. We found that bacteria belonging to Cytophaga- Flavobacteria (CF) displayedstronger adhesion properties than the Gamma-Proteobacteria isolates, thus suggestingthat CF might be favoured in aggregate colonisation. These differences are also reflectedin different outermembrane proteins and lipopolysaccharide composition.Presented on:CIESM (Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la merMediterranee)Barcelona, Spain, 07.-11.06.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Danilo DegobbisProject No. 009811196
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 90ANALYTIC MODELLING OF THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION ANDQUASI-GEOSTROPHIC FLOW IN THE ADRIATIC SEALazar, Martin; Pavić, Marko; Pasarić, Zoran; Orlić, MirkoFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe winter situation in a shallow land-locked basin modelling the Adriatic Sea isconsidered. During the winter the maximum of density is usually observed in the centralpart of the Adriatic, supporting thermohaline circulation character<strong>iz</strong>ed by upwelling alongthe coasts and downwelling prevailing over a greater part of the sea. Due to deflectinginfluence of the Coriolis force, long-shore currents appear as well. The present workencompasses two models having different types of friction parametr<strong>iz</strong>ation. The first oneallows for the vertical component of turbulent friction only, the other includes lateralfriction as well. Both models give similar results and predict cyclonic circulation in thehor<strong>iz</strong>ontal plane and downwelling in a greater part of the basin compensated by upwellingalong the coasts, in fair agreement with the obesrvations. The modelling results arediscussed for varying coefficients of bottom friction, vertical friction and lateral friction.Presented on:1st General Assembly of European Geosciences UnionNica, Francuska, 25-30.04.2004Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Mirko OrlićProject No. 0119330Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Nenad AntonićProject No. 003710197
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 91CHANGES IN DNA METHYLATION DURING SOMATICEMBRYOGENESIS IN Cucurbita pepo L.Leljak-Levanić, Dunja; Bauer, Nataša; Jelaska, SibilaFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaWe have established three embryogenic lines of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.): a. auxinindependent line PEDC - induced and maintained on hormone free MS medium with onlyreduced nitrogen source ; b. auxin dependent line DEC - induced and maintained on 2,4-D containing MSC medium; and c. habituated line HEC - induced on MSC medium with2,4-D, than transferred and maintained on hormone-free medium. The process ofembryogenesis of those lines could be control, except by auxin, by modification ofreduced/unreduced nitrogen. We have analyzed the changes of cytidine methylation inthree embryogenic lines of pumpkin cultivated on medium with or without auxin (2,4-Dand IAA) or with modified nitrogen sources. The results presented showed that twodifferent control factors, reduced nitrogen (NH 4 Cl) and 2,4-D affected the embryogenesisand provoked high level of DNA methylation. The high methylation was not only aconsequence of the auxin treatment but a consequence of process which is related to theembryogenesis.Presented on:The International Association for Plant Tissue Culture & Biotechnology - PlantBiotechnology 2002 and BeyondOrlando, Florida, USA. 23-28.06.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Sibila JelaskaProject No. 011911198
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 92EXTRACELLULAR GLYCOPROTEINS HAVE LINKS WITH CALLOSEDEPOSITION IN EMBRYOGENIC CULTURE OF Cucurbita pepo L.Leljak-Levanić, Dunja; Bauer, Nataša; Jelaska, SibilaFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaExtracellular glycoproteins are known to play an important role in development of somaticembryos. On the other side there are data that callosic walls and callose deposition havea role in the first steps of dedifferentiation and initiation of embryogenesis. We analyzedthese phenomena in three embryogenic tissue lines of pumpkin that differ in the initiationand maintained growth conditions. Embryos of three lines developed similarly on themedia with the same composition of nitrogen salts, auxin and tunicamycin. Cells of tissuelines grown in NH 4 Cl-containing MS media had a high callose content but proteinexcretion and embryo maturation were inhibited. After the transfer of the tissue to MSCmedium with conventional nitrogen, callose content decreased, followed by secretion of34, 37.5 and 68 kDa glycoproteins specific for embryo maturation. Secretion of someglycoproteins depended on the presence of 2,4-D, or were specific to embryogenic linethat was induced in a medium with 2,4-D. Tunicamycin did not prevent embryogenesis,but it did have an impact on the glycosylation of proteins and embryo maturation.Presented on:3 rd Slovenian Symposium on Plant Physiology with international participationLjubljana, Slovenia, 25.-27.09.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Sibila JelaskaProject No. 011911199
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 93EXTRACELLULAR LIPASE FROM BACTERIUM Streptomycesrimosus: CLONING, EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION FORCRYSTALLIZATIONLeščić, Ivana; Vujaklija, Dušica; Pigac, Jasenka; Abramić, MarijaRudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaLipases (triacylglycerol acylhydrolases) catalyse hydrolysis and synthesis of lipids,depending on the reaction conditions. Their natural substrates are insoluble in water,therefore hydrolysis takes place on lipid-water interface. This property distinguisheslipases from classical esterases. The ability of these enzymes to stereospecificallycatalyse various reactions on a broad range of substrates gives them significantbiotechnological potential. Streptomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria that exhibitremarkable capacity for synthesis of secondary metabolites. They are the mostwidespread producers of antibiotics. However, not much is known about their lipolyticenzymes. We previously reported purification and partial biochemical characterisation ofthe native extracellular lipase from Streptomyces rimosus. Now we have undertaken theeffort to overexpress and purify this enzyme in larger quantities, in order to preparesample for crystallisation studies, with final goal to solve its three-dimensional (3D)structure. A novel lipase gene from S. rimosus was cloned by a reverse genetic strategy.The gene was identified by hybridisation to a probe obtained by PCR with a mixture ofdegenerated oligonucleotides that correspond to the amino-terminal and an internalamino acid sequence determined for the secreted form of the lipase, and a chromosomalDNA as a template. Homologous expression of lipase gene was achieved by subcloningof S. rimosus chromosomal DNA fragment carrying the lipase gene into a high-copybifunctional vector and then transforming S. rimosus lipase-deficient strain with thevector. A twenty-fold higher lipase activity was obtained in the culture filtrate oftransformed bacterium, in comparison with the original strain. Purification ofoverexpressed lipase from the bacterial culture filtrate was performed by a combination ofbatch and column chromatography on CM-cellulose, followed by a re-chromatography onthe same carrier. Final step, which gave a single protein band on SDS-PAGE was theFPLC (Mono Q) chromatography. Crystallisation experiments with purified extracellularStreptomyces rimosus lipase are under way.Presented on:9th International Conference on the Crystall<strong>iz</strong>ation of Biological MacromoleculesJena, Germany, 23-28.03.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Biserka Kojić-ProdićProject No. 0098036100
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 94ELEMENTS OF Streptomyces rimosus EXTRACELLULAR LIPASESTABILITY: ASSIGNMENT OF DISULFIDE BRIDGESLeščić, Ivana 1 ; Zehl, Martin 2 ; Abramić, Marija 1 ; Allmaier, Günter 2 ; Kojić-Prodić,Biserka 11 Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia2Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analysis, Vienna University of Technology,Vienna, AustriaLipases (E.C. 3.1.1.3) are enzymes of substantial physiological and biotechnologicalimportance. They catalyze both the hydrolysis and synthesis of esters. The latter reactionis enabled by the fact that lipases are active also in organic solvents. Stability in organicsolvents and at wide pH and temperature range, broad substrate specificity and highenantioselectivity are among the properties that make lipases biocatalysts of choice formany technological and industrial applications. Streptomycetes are Gram-positivebacteria that produce a variety of secondary metabolites (e.g. antibiotics) and employnumerous extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, including lipases, to degrade organic materialin their natural environment. However, only five lipases from this genus werecharacter<strong>iz</strong>ed so far. The extracellular lipase from Streptomyces rimosus R6-554W wasisolated and biochemically character<strong>iz</strong>ed. Its molecular mass was determined to be 27.5kDa with electrophoresis and 24166 Da with mass spectrometry. Isoelectric point of thisenzyme is at pH=8.5, as estimated from isoelectric focusing. It was shown to be a truelipase, by the substrate specificity and interfacial activation. Potential applicability of thisenzyme in biotechnology was predicted, based on lipase’s relatively high temperatureandpH-optima, pronounced thermal stability and preservation of activity in a broad pHrange, and ruggedness towards solvent mixtures. The gene encoding this protein wassequenced, and deduced amino acid sequence confirmed with peptide mass fingerprints.It was shown to contain 6 cysteines. The sensitivity of S. rimosus lipase to reducing agentdithiothreitol and its insensitivity to thiol blocking agent p-hydroxymercuribenzoateindicated the presence of disulfide bonds in this enzyme. In order to confirm this, and toreveal the S-S bridges pattern (since disulfide bonds are known to contribute to enzyme’sstability) we used mass spectrometry. Comparison of the peptide mass fingerprints fromthe reduced and non-reduced enzyme unequivocally revealed three intramoleculardisulfide bonds with following linkages: C27-C52, C93-C101 and C151-C198.Presented on:6th International Conference on Protein Stabil<strong>iz</strong>ation ProtStab2004Bratislava, Slovakia, 26-29.09.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Biserka Kojić-ProdićProject No. 0098036101
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 95DISTRIBUTION OF Cs-137 IN FIR-TREE (Abies alba) FROM GORSKIKOTARLovrenčić, I. a , Barišić, D. a , Kezić, N. b , Seletković, I. c , Volner, M. d , Popijač, M. ea «Ruñer Bošković» Institute, Zagreb, Croatiab Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, CroatiacForest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, Croatiad ZSC «Ivo Pevalek», Croatiae Hrvatske šume, Zagreb, CroatiaThe distribution of 137 Cs among different parts of Abies alba at three sites located in thearea of Gorski Kotar was studied. The samples of needles grown on branch segments ofdifferent age, bark and tree rings of the trunk at the height of 8 m were taken. Activities of137 Cs were determined using gamma-spectrometry method. In all samples the activity of137 Cs ascends in needles grown on younger branch segments and it is the highest inneedles from the tips of the branches. The rise of activity of 137 Cs in needles from older tothe youngest branch segments does not show linear trend. The comparison between thedistribution of 137 Cs in needles and the bark was made as well as the comparisonbetween tree rings and the bark at the height of 8 m. The ascending trend of 137 Cs activitytoward younger samples, both for needles and the bark, was observed. The acitivites arehigher in the bark. A regular interdependance between 137 Cs activity in needles and thebark was also observed. 137 Cs activities in tree rings are found to be uniform, with smallvariations, in all tree rings. A great rise of 137 Cs activity occurs in the bark where theactivity can be 15 times higher than in tree rings. It can be observed that the distributionof 137 Cs is equal at all locations for the same type of samples.Presented on:European Conference on Analytical Chemistry (Euroanalysis XIII) The Role of AnalyticalChemistry in the Protection of the Cit<strong>iz</strong>ensSalamanca, Spain, 5 – 10 September 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Delko BarišićProject No. 0098128102
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 96APPENDICULARIANS OF THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC SEALučić, Davor; Njire, Jakica; Precali, Robert; Fuks, Dragica; Krstulović, JadrankaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaAppendicularians were collected monthly from 1999-2002 at three northern Adriaticstations with different productivity regimes. High abundance, especially of juveniles, wasfound. Particularly large variations in chl a, picoplankton, and appendicularians may beresponsible for the failure to identify statistically sifnificant correlations among thesefactors.Presented on:CIESM (Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la merMediterranee)Barcelona, Spain, 07.-11.06.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Danilo DegobbisProject No. 0098111103
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 97DISTRIBUTION OF Austropotamobius pallipes IN CROATIA - PASTAND PRESENTMaguire, I., Klobučar, G.I.V., Gottstein Matočec, S., Erben, R.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn order to get a better insight into the distribution of white-clawed crayfish(Austropotamobius pallipes) in Croatia, we pooled together all of the available historicaldata and recent ones. The historical data on the distribution were compiled from theliterature and the Croatian Natural History Museum collection, while fieldwork, to evaluatethe current distribution of crayfish, took place from 1995 to 2003 on all types of suitablehabitats. The distribution of Austropotamobius pallipes is restricted to limestone regionsand therefore the species is found widely spread in rivers belonging to the Adriatic Seabasin (from the NW to the SE part of Croatia). Those waters are mainly unpolluted andthe bottom substrate consists of rocks and stones. Ccrayfish could be found near banks,where the current is slower and where aquatic plants are abundant. During our researchwe also occasionally found crayfish in subterranean habitats. Nevertheless, they show notroglomorphic adaptations as they probably enter underground habitats accidentally fromoriginal epigean populations. According to the literature, as well as A. pallipes, A.torrentium also lives in coastal rivers, but to date, we have not yet personally recorded itspresence there, while we have recorded the presence of Astacus astacus. While studyingthe data from literature, we were frequently confronted with contradictory findings.Consequently, we are planning intensive field research in coastal regions to get a clearpicture of detailed distribution of freshwater crayfish in that part of Croatia.Presented on:1 st CRAYNET meetingKilkenny, Ireland, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mladen KerovecProject No. 0119121104
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 98SOME NEW RESULTS ON MOBILE PHONE RADIATION EFFECT ONLemna minorKresimir Malaric 1 , Mirta Tkalec 2 , Roman Malaric 11 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Croatia,2 Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia,This paper is the continuation of the experiments with the mobile phone radiation effecton Lemna Minor. Here, the effect of 217 Hz modulation with electric field strength of 23V/m, 2 hours long exposure at the frequency of 900 MHz, was taken into the account.The results showed no statistical growth decrease. A peroxidase activity in exposedplants varied depending on the exposure characteristics. Observed changes were smallboth for growth and peroxidase.Presented on:13 th International Symposium on Measurements for Research and Industry ApplicationsAthens, Greece, 29. September - 1. October 2004.Principal investigator : Dr.sc. Branka Pevalek-KozlinaProject No. 0119155105
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 99MOBILE PHONE RADIATION EFFECT ON Lemna minorKresimir Malaric (1) , Mirta Tkalec (2) , Zeljka Vidakovic-Cifrek (2)(1) Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Croatia(2) Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, University of Zagreb, CroatiaBiomedical experiments have been intensified lately due to the increased use of mobilephones, which have spread rapidly [1,2]. Organic material can be heated by high powerfield generated by mobile phone in the range from 0.15 mW to 2 W. This could raise thetemperature of the nearby cells from 0.1 to 1 ºC. The GTEM-cell can be used to study theeffect of EMF on Lemna minor growth as well as on the peroxidase [3,4].GTEM-cell (Fig.1.) is a transmission structure based on a TEM-cell approach [5]. TheTEM mode excited by either a continuous wave source or a pulse generator simulates anincident plane wave for immunity and emission tests.Lemna minor is the simple aquatic plant widely used as a test organism for environmentalmonitoring. Plants were exposed in the GTEM cell to the fields of 400 and 900 MHz andstrengths of 23 and 41 V/m for two and four hours and also to the modulated field (80%AM 1 kHz sine).The electric field at frequency of 900 MHz (Fig. 2.) with strength of 23 V/m significantlydecreased the growth of Lemna minor from day 5 till the end of the experiment incomparison with the control. Longer exposure to the same field did not have moreinhibitory effect while stronger field (41 V/m) inhibited the growth stronger just at thebeginning. Modulated field caused strong inhibition of growth during the wholeexperiment.Presented on:6 th International Congress of the European Bioelectromagnetics AssociationBudapest, Hungary, 13. - 15. November 2003Principal investigator : Dr.sc. Branka Pevalek-KozlinaProject No. 0119155106
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 100MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS DEFINES THE ROLES OF CONSERVEDRESIDUES IN THE PREDICTED CATALYTIC POCKET ANDSUGGESTS A MODEL OF PROTEIN-RNA INTERACTIONS OF THEMETHYLTRANSFERASE ErmC’Gordana Maravić 1,2 , Janusz M. Bujnicki 3 , Marcin Feder 3 , Sándor Pongor 2 ; MirnaFlögel 1 .1 Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia,2 International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy3 International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.Erm methyltransferases (MTases) mediate the resistance to the macrolide-lincosamidestreptograminB antibiotics via dimethylation of a specific adenine residue in 23 S rRNA(A2058 in E.coli). Despite the available structural data and functional analyses on thelevel of the RNA substrate, the knowledge about the reaction mechanism is still verylimited, while the substrate-binding site and residues involved in RNA recognition by theErm MTases remain completely unknown.To validate the structure-based predictions of presumably essential residues in thecatalytic pocket of ErmC’ and to identify the area of protein-RNA interactions we carriedout the site-directed mutagenesis and studied the function of the mutants in vitro and invivo. Our results indicate that the active site of rRNA:m 6 A MTases is much more tolerantto amino acid substitutions than the active site of DNA:m 6 A MTases. Only the Y104residue implicated in stabil<strong>iz</strong>ation of the target base was found to be indispensable.Remarkably, the N101 residue from the “catalytic” motif IV and two conserved residuesthat form the floor (F163) and one of the walls (N11) of the base-binding site are notessential for catalysis in ErmC’. Furthermore, our results suggest that the key RNAbindingresidues are located not in the small domain, but in the large catalytic domain,facing the cleft between the two domains. Based on the mutagenesis data, we were ableto construct the preliminary 3D model of ErmC’ complexed with the minimal substrate.The identification of the RNA-binding site of ErmC' may be useful for structure-baseddesign of novel drugs that specifically block the substrate-binding site of Erm MTases.Presented on:8 th Annual Meeting of the RNA Society,Vienna, Austria, 1-6 July 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mirna Flögel-MršićProject No. 0006611107
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 101SEDIMENTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF VELA CAVE -PRELIMINARY RESULTS (ISLAND KORČULA, CROATIA)Ljerka Marjanac, Kazimir Miculinić, Stanislav Bergant, Boško Lugović, Dinko Radić1 Institute of Quaternary Paleontology and Geology, CASA, Zagreb, Croatia2 Institute of Geology, Zagreb, Croatia3 Faculty of Mining, Geology and Oil Geology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaLocation and geological setting. Vela Cave (Vela spila in original) is located in the hinterland ofVela Luka town, 130 m a.s.l. This single-chambered cave of Vela Spila today represents onlythe remnant of once a large system. It has been developed within a fault zone in upperCretaceous limestones, which are thin to thick bedded and gently dip (20-25º) northwards.Sedimentology. First detailed sediment logging has been conducted in 2002, on two earlierexcavated archaeological sections. Section-1 is 5.5m high and 2m wide and Section-2 is 4mhigh and 6m wide. Samples were taken for grain-s<strong>iz</strong>e analysis, petrographical and chemicalanalyses. Deposits are in general very poorly sorted and are represented by alternating clayeysands or gravels and open-work rock debris layers with more or less infiltrated silt or sand. Atseveral levels there are accumulations of cobble-s<strong>iz</strong>e rock debris. Fossil bone debrisoccasionally represents over 30% of bulk sample. Several layers are composed only of bonesand rock debris and very little infiltrated clayey silt or sand. Carbonate content is very low infine-grained layers, commonly 5 - 20%, rarely 30-50%, while modal analyses showeddomination of amphibole-pyroxene-epidote-quartz mineral association. In Section-1 there is avolcanic ash layer, 2-10 cm thick, composed of 95% alterated volcanic glass shards.Preliminary insight of the Vela Cave sediment sequences indicates on very complexdepositional history.Fossil fauna. Preliminary analysis of vertebrate fossil content through sections shows changesin human economy and hunting strategies. Transition between periods are very good defined,providing biostratigraphic zones that correspond with stratigraphy and radiocarbon dating.Stratigraphy. During earlier archaeological investigation of Vela Cave, samples of bones andcharcoal have been taken for radiocarbon dating. C14 dating enabled division of four culturalperiods Epigravettian, Early Mesolithic, Late Mesolithic and Neolithic which correspond to LatePleistocene and Holocene. One of the archaeological layers in Section-1 yielded calibratedage of 13.500-11.900 BC (VERA-2346). Immediately above this layer there is the volcanic ashlayer. It was defined by the X-ray diffraction analysis of global sample, chemical analyses andmicrosonde. The quantitative analyses of chemical composition (microsonde) performed onvulcanoclastic particles separated from the global sample showed undoubtable compatibilitywith pyroclastic products dispersed over Mediterranean by explosive eruption of NapolitanYellow Tuff (NYT) in Campi Flegrei 14.000 years ago. The NYT layer of Vela Cave wasdetermined in this region for the first time. Thus, it represents an excellent regionalchronostratigraphic marker and could probably be traced in other locations.Presented on:12 th International Karstological School «Classical karst»: Dating of cave sedimentsPostojna, Slovenija21.-24. June 2004Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Vesna MalezProject No. 0101018108
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 102AQUIFERS OF THE PRGOVO POLJE, THE ISLAND LASTOVO –CROATIAMARKOVIĆ, TAMARA; BULJAN, RENATOInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaLastovo is a small island in the Adriatic Sea (47 km 2 ). It is a hilly island with several hillshigher then 200 m above sea level. On the island are 47 poljes, 9 caves and lot ofsinkholes. There are no surfaces flows and lakes. The climate on the island is a typicalmediterian with rainy autumns and winters and dry summers. The average amount of theyear precipitation for 30 years period is 691 mm and 67% of the precipitation falls incolder period of the year (from October to March). Also, the island Lastovo has a very richvegetation cover that influence the amount of evapotranspiration. One of the largestpoljes is the Progovo polje, which has catchments area of 2 km 2 . In that area is pumpingstation of the island Lastovo and at that station is pumped out 3,5 l/s during the wholeyear. The island Lastovo in the structural sense is a monocline structural form and insome pleases structure is very tectonically destructed. The island is built of upperJurassic and lower Cretaceous carbonate sediments (dolomites, limestones, limestoneswith dolomites). Poljes are filled with the Quaternary eolian sandy deposits with claylayers. Thickness of those deposits in the Prgovo polje is over 55 m. At the bottom of theQuaternary deposits are krastified limestones. These sediments are krastified under thesea level because in the Würm period the sea level was few hundred meters below todaylevel (Šegota, 1968). In the Prgovo polje are lot of vineyards and arable lands. Wells MZ-1 i MZ-2 are situated in the Prgovo polje. These wells were sampled during the pumpingtesting and CND values were measured continuously in wells. In the water samples wereanalysed next hydrochemical parameters: Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, NO3-N,NH3-N and PO43-. High amounts of sulphate (from 360 to 1100 mg/l) and chloride (from6480 to 11800 mg/l) were measured in water samples of the well MZ-1 and loweramounts of sulphate (from 230 to 270 mg/l) and chloride (from 1390 to 1990 mg/l) inwater samples of the well MZ-2. Sea has lager influence on the groundwater in the wellMZ-1 then in the well MZ-2. At the well MZ-2 it was observed anthropogenic impact onthe water quality (increase of nitrate and phosphate in the water samples). From pumpingtesting and hydrochemical results it was found out that on the island Lastovo exists twoaquifers. The first aquifer is in the eolian sandy deposits (MZ-2) and the second aquifer isin the krastified limestones (MZ-1).Presented on:32 nd International Geological CongressFirenza, Italy, 20 – 28.08.2004.Principal Investigator :Dr.sc. Ante PavičićProject No. 0181002109
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 103SIMULATING ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT INTHE UNSATURATED ZONE OF A KARST POLJE WITH VS2DTMODEL – PROBLEMS, LIMITATIONS AND ADVANTAGESTamara Markovic, Sanja Kapelj; Ozren LarvaInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaVS2DT model was used for one-dimensional reactive and no reactive solute transportsimulation of nitrate, ammonia and nickel through the unsaturated zone of the VranskoPolje near Biograd. The polje is covered with the thick Quaternary pond and lakedeposits. A composition of deposits is: sand, silt, clay, fragments of bedrock and shells oflake fauna. The VS2DT is equipped with a limited database of soil materials and that wasvery limiting for the Vransko Polje case. The model has allowed making several decisionsregarding initial conditions, soil hydraulic function, and it has also allowed which types ofprocesses (adsorption or ion exchange) would be simulated in a soil profile. As a result,simulated values of chosen parameters fitted poorly with the measured values.Presented on:FEM_MODFLOW Finite Element Models, MODFLOW, and More: Solving GroundwaterProblems.Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic. 13 – 16.09.2004.Principal Investigator :Dr.sc. Ante PavičićProject No. 0181002110
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 104THE AGRICULTURAL IMPACT ON THE VADOSE ZONE OF THEKERST AQUIFERMARKOVIC, T.; KAPELJ, S.; MIKO, S.; KAPELJ, J.Institute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaThe whole Croatian south part of the country belongs to the area of the classical karst.That area is mainly composed of strongly krastified carbonate rocks and there is lack ofthe large areas with overlying deposits. Nevertheless, karst poljes and some depressionsmay have thick covers.Such example is the catchments area of the spring Turanjsko lake in the Vransko polje(Fig.1.). The Vransko polje is situated in the region Ravni Kotari – north Dalmatia. Thatpolje is a typical karst polje with the thick Quaternary pond and lacustrine deposits.Thickness of those deposits in the middle of the polje is about 7-9 m and on the edge ofthe polje deposits thickness is thinner. The hinterland of the Vransko polje consists ofUpper Cretaceous, Paleocene and Eocene carbonate rocks (mainly limestones ) andEocene flysh sediments. The bedrock of the polje is the well-karstified Upper Cretaceousand Eocene limestones and in them is the main karst aquifer. In the center of the Vranskopolje is situated the spring Turanjsko lake, which is today used for the water supply of thetown Biograd and its surroundings. Before the tapping it had the shape of the small lakeand it was used for the irrigation. The climate in that area is mild and it is suitable for thepeople to do agricultural operations during the whole year. In those agriculturaloperations are used fertil<strong>iz</strong>ers and/or manure and also pesticides.During the hydrogeological study of the area, were taken samples of water from springs:Turanjsko lake, Kutijin stan, Biba, Begovača and channel Kotarka. Also, were takensamples of soil through the profiles at the five locations around the water supply pumpingstation Turanjsko lake. In all those samples were measured next geochemical indicators:NO 3 -N, NH 3 -N, PO 4 3- , SO 4 2- , Cl - , major ions Ca, Mg, Na, K and heavy metals such as Cu,Mo, Pb, Zn, Cd, As etc.For better understanding the distribution of the geochemical indicators in the groundwaterand the distribution of the same indicators through the profiles of the overlying depositsand the relationship between them, it was done R -cluster multivariate statistical analysis.The result of that analysis was dendogram of indicators connections with the similargeochemical behavior. The result of the R-cluster analysis shows that there are fewgroups of elements with the similar distribution (Fig. 2).The first group of elements makes: Cu, Mo, Pb, Cd, As and P. They are accumulated inthe vadose zone because of agricultural practice (commercial fertil<strong>iz</strong>es and/or manure,and pesticides). The second group is the elements that their distributions are in theconnection with the fate of Fe and Mn hydroxides. And the third group is Ca and Sr. Thedistribution of the third group of elements is controlled by carbonate behavior(decalcification process).Also, because of the interest in the behaviour and the effectiveness of agriculturalchemicals (fertil<strong>iz</strong>ers and pesticides) on the quality of the vadose zone (water and soil)and possible contamination of the karst groundwater, it was done the solute transportmodel of a chosen geochemical indicator. The chosen geochemical indicator was nitratenitrogen(NO 3 -N). Also, as a model it was used VS2DT model. VS2DT is a well-testedUSGS finite difference model for simulating steady-state or transient groundwater flow111
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.and solute transport in the unsaturated zone. The model is based on the solution ofRichard’s equation. The result of the simulation is showed at the Fig 3.The fitting between simulated curve and measured curve was not as it was expected.That was the consequences of many factors as: were the right infiltration and/orpercolation conditions, very high vertical and lateral heterogeneity of the porous media(overlying deposits), soil properties, were all biochemical and chemical processesincluded etc.But what is for sure in that area is not big agricultural impact on the quality of the vadosezone (water and soil). And in the future people must use the optimal quantity of thecommercial fertil<strong>iz</strong>es and/or manure as well as pesticides.Presented on:10. Gumpensteiner Lysimetertagung.Irdning, Gumpenstein, Austria, 29 – 30.04.2003.Principal Investigator :Dr.sc. Ante PavičićProject No. 0181002112
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 105DILUTED MAGNETIC SEMICONDUCTORS Ga 1-x Mn x As : FROM THINFILMS TO MAGNETIC TUNNEL JUNCTIONSR. Mattana 1 ; J.M. George 1 ; H. Jaffres 1 ; F. N'Guyen Van Dau 1 ; A.. Fert 1 ; B. Lepine 2 ,A. Guivarc'h 2 , G. Jezequel 2 , A. Hamzić 3 , M. Basletić 3 , E. Tafra 31 Unite Mixte de Recherche, CNRS-Thales, Orsay, France2 Unite Mixte de Recherche CNRS-Universite Rennes I, Rennes, France3 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Zagreb, CroatiaIn order to achieve spin dependent transport in semiconductor heterostructures, dilutedmagnetic semiconductors (DMS) present the advantage to be more compatible withsemiconductors than metal transition. DMS allow to add a degree of freedom (the spin ofcarriers) in semiconductor heterostructures and open up new opportunities for spinelectronic. We have studied the influence of the manganese concentration on themagnetic and transport properties of Ga 1-x Mn x As thin films and spin dependent transportin magnetic tunnel junctions Ga 1-x Mn x As /AlAs/ Ga 1-x Mn x As.Presented on:The 19th General Conference of the Condensed Matter Division of the EuropeanPhysical Society, Brighton, Great Britain, 07.-11.04.2002.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Amir HamzićProject No. 0119251113
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 106LONG TERM CHANGES IN MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITYSTRUCTURE OF THE SHALLOW MEDITERRANEAN LAKEMihaljević, Z., Kerovec, M., Popijač, A., Ternjej, I.; V. TavčarFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaFrom November 2000 to October 2001 the benthic community of the shallowMediterranean lake Jezero was studied. Quantitative samples were taken monthly usingan Eckman grab. Nine taxonomic groups of invertebrates were found. The lake is largelyused for water supply since 1970. Primary production of the lake was decreased withbiomanipulation techniques that included reduction of phosphorus. A comparison of thebenthic community at four sampling sites with a period of two decade before revealedchanges in benthic community structure and decrease in chironomid abundance. Themost abundant and common chironomid Tanytarsus gr. lobatifrons in the more recentstudy was not find at all. Furthermore, the abundance of dipteran larvae Chaoborus sp.has increased.Presented on:Int. Conference on Limnology of Shallow LakesBalatonfüred, Hungary 25. - 30. May 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mladen KerovecProject No. 0119121114
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 107THE INFLUENCE OF EXTREMELY HIGH FLOODINGS OF THEDANUBE RIVER (IN August 2002) ON THE TROPHYC CONDITIONSOF LAKE SAKADAŠ (Nature Park Kopački rit, Croatia)Mihaljević, M. 1 , Stević, F. 2 , Horvatić J. 21 Nature Park Kopački Rit Management Office, Bilje, Croatia2 Faculty of Education, J.J. Strossmayer University ofOsijek, CroatiaThe influence of extremely high floodings of the Danube River (in August 2002) on thetrophic level of Lake Sakadaš (Nature Park Kopački rit) was analysed according to "insitu" microphytoplankton biomass and algal growth potential (AGP) of Chlorella kessleriFOTT et NOV. Comparative analyses of trophic level of Danube and Lake Sakadaš weredone in September and November of 2002. The total microphytoplankton biomass (25.65mg/L - 33.24 mg/L) in Lake Sakadaš was lower than during its usual hydrologicalconditions. Allochthonous Danubian phytoplankton with dominance of theBacillariophyceae community had a strong impact on the qualitative composition ofphytoplankton in Lake Sakadaš in September, while it was supplement to Dinobryon -Synura community in November. According to the AGP results, the oligotrophic conditionof Lake Sakadaš was proved and algal growth was N and P-limited. Based on the givenresults, it is evident that the extremely high floodings in August of 2002 reduced the usualtrophic potential of highly productive Lake Sakadaš.Presented on:35 th Conference: Scientific Concepts and Implementation of Sustainable TransboundaryRiver Basin ManagementNovi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro, 19-23.04.2004.Principal Investigator :Dr.sc. Janja HorvatićProject No. 0122023115
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 108GEOCHEMICAL IMPRINT AND BASELINES IN DIAGNOSTICSURFACE (AMO) HORIZON AS AN ANCILLARY TOOL INCLASSIFICATION OF ISTRIAN SOILSMIKO, Slobodan; BUKOVEC, Dragan; PEH, Zoran; ŠPARICA, MartinaInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaIn accordance with the Soil Suitability Map of Croatia the soils of the Istrian peninsularepresents a patchwork of different units showing both systematic and random elementsin their spatial variability. A total of 40 chemical elements were used on the basis of 135sampling sites of Amo-hor<strong>iz</strong>on (0-20 cm), which roughly conforms with the soil mappingunits. Principally the bedrock underlying the soil cover, i.e. their lithology, exerts thedominant control over the areal disposition of the soil cover. If a suitable multivariatestatistical analysis of discrimination is to be applied to these a priori defined units theresult will necessarily be the same. The composition of parent material will be a primesource in development of essentially two dissimilar kind of Istrian soils: 1) mature soilsdeveloped over carbonate bedrock, which include diagnostic epipedons of polygeneticnature such as, for example, various subunits of terra rossa, and; 2) immature soilsdeveloped on soft, flysch bedrock, typically rendzinas and vertisols. Using in this mannerobtained geochemical baseline ranges, an attempt is made to partition soil metalconcentrations into natural and anthropogenic fractions. Also the models from both soilgroups improve the comparability of element contents through correction of variablebackground concentrations.Presented on:1. Slovenski Geološki <strong>kongres</strong>Črna na Koroškem, Slovenia, 9-11.10.2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip HalamićProject No. 0181006116
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 109WEATHERING RATES AND CLAY MINERAL ASSEMBLAGES INSOILS OF DIFFERENT CHRONOSEQUENCES DEVELOPED ONMARLS AND CALCAREOUS SANDSTONE FLYSCH DEPOSITS INISTRIA, CROATIAMIKO, Slobodan; HASAN, Ozren; MILEUSNIC, Marta; PEH, Zoran; MESIC, SašaInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaChronosequences of soils developed from Eocene flysch, in two small catchments (Argilaand Bazuja rivers) in Istria, were studied with respect to their soil mineralogy andchemistry. The catchments are a part of accumulation-denudation type ofmorphostructure character<strong>iz</strong>ed by rapid denudation processes developed on Eoceneflysch deposits. The flysch bedrocks are turbidite deposits of alternating marls andarenites. The calcarenites contain quartz, feldspar, mica grains and lithoclasts of bothcarbonate and silicate rocks (chert, quartzite and schists). The chronosequences of soilsdeveloped on these deposits contain quartz, muscovite and illitic material, calcite in thedeeper part of the profiles, feldspars, and the clay minerals dominantly represented byexpandable clays (smectite) and by small amount of kaolinite. Chemical weathering wasevaluated with the aid of bulk chemistry analysis focused on major elements, zirconiumand rare earth elements (REE) at 32 sites and the mobility of elements was character<strong>iz</strong>edwith the mass transfer coefficient (eluvial-illuvial coefficient, EIC) assuming Zr as theconservative component and the saprolite-rock boundary samples as the leastweathered. Due to agricultural land-use practice in the Argila catchment the physicalprocesses significantly contribute to amount fine carbonate rich rock debris within the soilprofiles, which resulted in a mass transfer 0 or slight accumulation for all major elementsand REE in the 0-5 cm hor<strong>iz</strong>ons and the 5-20 cm hor<strong>iz</strong>ons. In the same hor<strong>iz</strong>ons of theforest soils of the Bazuja catchment losses of over 30% of Mg and Ca were determinedwhile Al and K loss ranged from 23 to 28 %. The calculated mass loss of REE was 17 %in the topsoil hor<strong>iz</strong>ons 14% in the deeper hor<strong>iz</strong>ons. Chemical weathering in the soilhor<strong>iz</strong>ons and weathering rinds of corresponding calcarenite rocks shows enrichment ofREE as well as fractionation of REE occurs indicating a higher mobility of light REE thanof heavy REE. Changes in long-term weathering rates were evaluated throughcomparison of molar ratios of major elements in recent stream sediments, over-banksediment profiles in swallow hole zones and soil profiles. The elemental ratios and REEshow that sediments deposited in the floodplain /swallow-hole areas after storm eventsare mainly derived from less weathered material and plot close to the calcarenite/marlcomposition. The effect that natural re-forestation and abandoning of arable lands has acritical effect on chemical weathering rates in these catchments causing a loss of Ca andMg from the top 50 cm of the soil profiles and increasing the overall acidification.Presented on:2 nd Mid-European Clay Conference,Miskolc, Hungary, 20-24 September 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip HalamićProject No. 0181006117
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 110GEOCHEMICAL RECORD OF HOLECENE LAND USE CHANGE ANDANTHROPOGENIC PB DEPOSITION IN A NORTHERN ADRIATICKARST LAKE (LAKE VRANA, CRES ISLAND)MIKO, Slobodan; MESIĆ, Saša; PROHIĆ, Esad & ŠPARICA-MIKO, MartinaInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaThe geochemistry of Holocene sediments from Vrana Lake (Cres Island, NorthernAdriatic) were used to trace historic land-use change. A total of 13 cores 1m long wereobtained from the lake floor at the depth of 50m. The core intervals from 86 to 70 cmhave Pb/Sc ratios of 2.4 in which lie within crustal value range has high radiogenic values(206Pb/207Pb ratio of 1.24). These values correspond to pre-Holocene palaeosoil ratio,which ranges from 1.228 to 1.245. The Pb/Sc ratios gradually increase to > 3.5 with apeak value of 5.8 in the interval from 56 to 58 cm (206Pb/207Pb ratio 1.210). The highlead anomaly corresponds to the Roman Pb mining peak encountered in other parts ofEurope. The interval from 47 to 50 cm has lower lead concentrations andthe206Pb/207Pb ratios slightly higher indicating the post Roman Pb mining decline (400-900 AD). As a consequence of the arrival of Croat grazing farmers in the 700 AD there ischange in land use during which the Pb/Sc ratios slightly drop (3.1) and 206Pb/207Pbratios increase but do not reach the paleosoil values. The influx of catchment soil materialcauses a gradual decline of CaCO3 from 65% to 25%. During the dated interval from 40cm to 18 cm (1400 to 1600 AD which corresponds to the early period of the Little Ice Age-LIA) the Pb/Sc ratios range from 4 to 6. Due to the unfavourable climatic conditions anda thin soil cover on a carbonate bedrock most of soil cover in the catchment was lost toerosion and deposited in the lake within approx. 200 years. The highest Pb/Sc ratios arefound above 18 cm and range from 7 to 8 and the amount of calculated anthropogenic Pbreached 70% of the total Pb concentration. The 206Pb/207Pb ratios in this section rangefrom 1.175 to 1.181, corresponds to the topsoil range from the highland karst hinterland.The top 10 cm interval shows a gradual upward increase of carbonate content andcarbonate sedimentation has now almost reached 50% of the pre-erosion period (MWP).Although dramatic changes in lake sediment composition occurred due to deforestationduring the MWP and soil erosion in the early stages of the LIA period, the sedimentsnevertheless contain a continuous history both background anthropogenic inputs of Pb asobserved in other more remote regions of Europe during the past three millennia.Presented on:32nd International Geological CongressFirenza, Italy, 20-28.08.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip HalamićProject No. 0181006118
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 111THE RECORD OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE IN THE PAST FIFTYYEARS INFERRED FROM THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF RESERVOIRSEDIMENTS FROM LAKE LOKVARSKO JEZERO (CROATIA)MIKO, Slobodan; MESIĆ, Saša; PROHIĆ, Esad; ŠPARICA, Martina; BARIŠIĆ, DelkoInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaA reservoir sediment core was used to investigate the changes in environmentalgeochemical conditions in the past fifty years in a small (approx. 26 km2) drainage basinin located in the mountainous region of Gorski Kotar. A total of 40 elements and 5radionuclides were analyzed in every 2 cm of approximately 50 cm of reservoir sediment.Since the construction of the reservoir in 1952 several major events have been registeredin the sediments. The peak and termination of barite mining is indicated by concentrationtrends in S, Ba, Sr, Ag and Cu. The effect of acid rain deposition through viewed througha considerable Na depletion in sediments especially after 1980. Increasing trends areindicated for Cd, Pb, V, Cr, Ni, on the basis of calculated “ ; cultural enrichment factors” ; .Preliminary chronostratigraphy with the aid of 137Cs indicates accumulation rates of lessthan 1cm annually. Elevated trace element concentrations in the sediments accumulatedin the past fifteen years show that atmospheric deposition of pollution and acid raindeposition is still altering the geochemistry of this region.Presented on:1. Slovenski Geološki <strong>kongres</strong>Črna na Koroškem, Slovenija, 9-11.10.2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip HalamićProject No. 0181006119
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 112SELENIUM DISTRIBUTION AND MOBILITY IN MEDITERRANEANKARST SOILS FROM A COAL MINING REGION IN ISTRIA, CROATIAMIKO, Slobodan; PROHIĆ, Esad; DURN, Goran; ŠPARICA, MartinaInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaThe coal from the Rasa mine located on the Istrian peninsula contains 10.5 % organicsulfur and 0.3 % pyritic sulfur and was used in the near by coal-firing power plant(Plomin) which is located in a typical karst landscape and hydrogeology. Mining activity inthis region has lasted for centuries, while the power plant in Plomin is in operation since1970. Arable soils mixed with coal dust from the have selenium concentrations rangingfrom 2.1 to 4.6mg kg-1. The ash from the power plant contains from 25 to 65 mg kg-1 Se.The content of Se in topsoil in the vicinity of the power plant, ranges from < 0.1 (regionalbackground) to 18.5 mg kg-1 (mean 1.9 mg kg-1). The soils are composed of quartz,plagioclase, K-feldspar, kaolinite, micaceous clay minerals, vermiculite, hydroxyinterlayeredvermiculite (HIV), chlorite, illite/chlorite mixed-layer clay mineral, hematiteand goethite. Aqueous extracts of the soil samples containing coal dust have up to 0.1mgL-1 of Se while ash samples contained up 1.9 mgL-1 water extractable Se (5% of totalSe). Also 8% of Mo was found to be water extractable. Soil profiles overlain by coal ashwere all found to contain high concentration of water extractable Se and Mo. The waterthat drains the abandoned mines and areas covered with ash deposits is enriched in Se(5 µgL-1), as well as in Mo, Mn, Ni, Cr, Sb, U, Br, Fe and I. Groundwater from unpollutedareas has Se background concentrations of 0.4 µgL-1 . Several centuries mining of asulphur rich coal and its firing in a local power plant, as well as in homes of the localpopulation has caused elevated concentrations of Se and Mo on both on the immediatesurroundings as well as the wider region.Presented on:6th International Symposium on Environmental GeochemistryEdinburgh, UK, 6-12. 09.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip HalamićProject No. 0181006120
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 113THE NATURAL SUCCESION OF THE WHITE WILLOW, Salix alba, INTHE SPECIAL ZOOLOGICAL RESERVE KOPAČKI RIT, CROATIAMikuška A.; Mikuška J.; Mikuška T.Faculty of Philosophy, University of Osijek, CroatiaWe studied the natural succession of the White Willow, Salix alba, in the Kopački ritSpecial Zoological Reserve, Croatia, in the period 1990-1998.Based on the areal photoswe calculated the surface areawhere natural succession of the White willow standsoccured.During the study period the area covered with White willow increased by 88, 21ha. At the same period, the numbers of large herbivoras were drasticallyreduced due thewar activities, subsequuent illegal hunting and mine fields.We argue that the successfulnatural succession of the White willow stands is the result of decreased grazing pressurecaused by decline of large herbivores.Presented on:Complex-International Scientific Conference «50 Years University of Forestry»Sofia, Bulgaria, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jozsef MikuškaProject No. 0122006121
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 114MERCURY IN THE STREAM AND OVERBANK SEDIMENTS OF THEŽUMBERAK AREA (Northwestern Croatia)Mileusnić, Marta; Peh, Zoran; Miko, Slobodan; Halamić, Josip; Galović, Lidija;Durn, GoranFaculty of Mining, Geology, and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaMercury together with other trace elements were analysed in stream and overbanksediments of low- to medium-order drainage basins from Žumberak and SamoborskoGorje region. The mean regional geochemical background level for mercuryconcentration in stream sediments and overbank sediments is 40 ng/g and 62, 5 ng/g,respectively. The extreme mercury concentration values are estimated in stream andoverbank samples of Rudarska Gradna catchment. The analyses of the samples from theoverbank profiles in this catchment show large vertical and lateral variations in chemicalcomposition. The high concentrations of Hg in the profiles samples correlate with highconcentrations of Cu, Pb, Ba, As, Cr and Fe and are a consequence of sulphide-baritemineralisation and historical copper and iron ore mining. The lack of correlation betweenHg and organic carbon or phyllosilicates indicates physical weathering mechanisms andmechanical dispersion of mercury that contributes to the total flux of mercury in thisregion. Highly contaminated sediments might become an important source of Hg.Presented on:7th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant.Ljubljana, Slovenia, 27. 06.-02.07.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip TišljarProject No. 0195034122
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 115ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF NEW TLDs IN TERMS OF H P (10)VALUESS. Miljanić 1 ; Ž. Knežević 1 ; K. Krpan 1 ; M. Štuhec 2 ; B. Vekić 1 ; M. Ranogajec-Komor 11 Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia2 Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, SloveniaIn our previous work, the energy dependence characteristics for several types of the mostinteresting “tissue-equivalent” thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs) were investigated.Irradiations were performed “in air” and energy dependence was determined as acharacteristic of the TL detector material itself.The aim of this work was to determine energy dependence characteristics in terms of thepersonal dose equivalent H p (10) values. For this reason detectors during the irradiationwere placed on the adequate phantom.The following types of TLDs were investigated: a) two new types based on lithium borate:Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu,In and Li 2 B 4 O 7 :Cu,In,Ag; b) two types of the highly sensitive LiF:Mg,Cu,Pmaterial: TLD-700H and GR 200A, c) two well known types of LiF:Mg,Ti detectors: TLD-100 and TLD-700 and d) the highly sensitive Al 2 O 3 :C detectors.TLDs previously calibrated with 137 Cs gamma rays were simultaneously irradiated with Xray beams in the range of effective energies between 33 and 116 keV. The irradiationswere performed with detectors in PMMA holders placed on the 30 cm x 30 cm x 15 cmwater phantom with PMMA walls (ISO phantom). Measured energy responses werecompared with calculated data for H p (10) values.The results confirmed the good tissue equivalence characteristics of the lithium boratebased detectors. Also, it was shown that the calibration procedure must be adjustedaccording to the energy absorption characteristics of the individual dosemeter type.Presented on:The First European Congress of IRPA 2002 (International Radiation ProtectionAssociation)Florence, Italy, 8-11 October 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Dušan RažemProject No. 0098063123
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 116AN ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OFCOPPER(II) COMPLEXES WITH L-α-AMINO ACIDSKrunoslav ,Mirosavljević; Vesna, Nöthig-LasloRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaIn order to investigate importance of a conformation of the amino acid side chains inwater binding or water release to the copper(II) ion in complexes with long aliphatic sidechains the temperature dependece of Brownian motion of aquabis[N,N-dimetyl-L-alaninato]copper(II) and aquabis[N,N-dimetyl-L--isoleucinato]copper(II) was studied byEPR spectroscopy.The reorientation correlation time, Θ , describing Browniain motion of the studiedcomplexes dissolved in different solvents was calculated from the analysis of the EPRspectra. Linear temperature dependece of Θ on viscosity to temperature ratio, /T,obtained for the alaninato complex suggested one conformation of the aquacomplex inthe examined temperature interval. More complex temperature dependence of Θ on /Tobtained for the isoleucinato complex, suggests a conformation change of the amino acidside chains above 300 K concomitant with the release of the apical water molecule fromthe copper(II) ion coordination sphere.Presented on:The 2002 Younger European Chemists’ ConferenceHeidelberg, Germany, 30.9-2.10.2002.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Vesna Nöthig-LasloProject No.0098043124
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 117NEW PIRKLE-TYPE CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASES WITH MIXED π-ACCEPTOR AND π-DONOR PROPERTIESDavorka Moslavac Forjan, Vladimir VinkovićRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaLiquid chromatographic resolution of enantiomers on chiral stationary phases (CSPs) hasbeen known as one of the most convenient and accurate tool for evaluating of purity andpreparative separation of enantiomers, recently even on industrial scale. Consequently,various CSPs for this purpose have been developed. Pirkle–type CSPs have been knownto separate enantiomers by forming energetically different transient diastereomeric π-donor/π-acceptor complexes. For the effective formation of such complexes between theCSP and racemic analyte, Pirkle–type CSPs have been usually designed to contain π-acidic (acceptor) or/and π-basic (donor) aromatic rings. In this study we wish to report theprocess of developing a new chiral stationary phases derived from the selected aminoacids consist of both π-acidic and π-basic groups. All CSPs contain a strong π-acidic N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl group, which is expected to interact with π-basic aromatic derivatives,and π-basic naphthyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, anthryl or pyridyl group, which can be util<strong>iz</strong>edfor interactions with the π-acidic racemic analytes. The chiral selector is covalently boundat silica surface with the spacer who is placed behind the chiral center, so that instationary phase the chiral hole of selector is ideally open for analytes approach.Presented on:16 th International Symposium on Chirality – Chirality 2004New York, USA, July, 11-14, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vladimir VinkovićProject No. 0098051125
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 118KINETICS OF THE GROWTH OF ZEOLITE A OBTAINED BYHYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS FROM CLEAR SOLUTIONAna Mužic, Josip Bronić, Boris Subotić“Ruñer Bošković” Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaPure crystals of zeolite NaA were synthes<strong>iz</strong>ed from clear alumosilicate solutions.Optim<strong>iz</strong>ed starting composition of investigated solutions was: 10 Na 2 O 0.3 Al 2 O 3 SiO 2120H 2 O. In the present work we have investigated influence of temperature on zeolitekinetics. Hydrothermal syntheses were performed at 40, 50, and 60 ° C under staticconditions in convection oven.Reaction mixture was prepared adding sodium silicate solution into stirred sodiumaluminate solution at 25ºC. The reaction mixture was filtrated to remove impurities andaged for 24 h. After that it was heated at appropriate temperature until and of thecrystall<strong>iz</strong>ation. The samples were taken at different crystall<strong>iz</strong>ation time and solid phasewas separated from mother liquid, washed and dried at 105 0 C. Character<strong>iz</strong>ation of thesolid samples was preformed by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR (phase analysis), scanningelectron microscopy (morphology), and dynamic light scattering (s<strong>iz</strong>e distribution).Presented on:Thirteenth Slovenian - Croatian crystallographic meetingBovec, Slovenia, 16 - 20 June, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Boris SubotićProject No. 0098060126
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 119PREINVESTIGATION OF THE SYNTHESIS OF THE ZA SMALLCRYSTALS FROM CLEAR SOLUTIONAna Mužic, Josip Bronić, Boris Subotić“Ruñer Bošković” Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaSynthesis of the pure, very small crystals of zeolite NaA (ZA) without organic template isvery interesting from commercial viewpoint of its use. In order to obtain pure ZA(especially without gel) starting mixture should be clear (criteria for clear solution was atleast 24 h stability, without visible solid particles). In this work, we have investigated widerange of Na and Al content in starting mixture.Hydrothermal syntheses were made at two different temperatures 25 o C and 80 o C. Solidproducts were washed, dried and its phase composition was determined by X-raydiffraction. Diffractograms shows that ZA was not obtained at any system at 25 o C, andalso that pure ZA can be synthes<strong>iz</strong>ed at 80 o C using following starting composition (oxideform): 10 Na 2 O 0.3 Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 120 H 2 O.Presented on:Eleventh Slovenian - Croatian crystallographic meetingBohinj, Slovenia, 27 - 30 June, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Boris SubotićProject No. 0098060127
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 120TOXIC DICARBONIL - METHYLGLIOXAL. SIMPLE DETERMINATIONAND COMPARATION WITH GLUCOSE LEVEL REGULATIONIna Nemet a ; Lidija Varga-Defterdarovic a ; Zdenka Turk ba Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatiab University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolic Diseases,epartment of Laboratory Medicine, Dugi dol 4A, 10 000 Zagreb, CroatiaMethylglyoxal (MG) is a physiological metabolite formed by fragmentation of glycoliticintermediates, by lipid peroxidation systems, in the catabolism of threonin and in theoxidation of acetone. As a highly reactive 2-oxoaldehyde, it strongly interacts withproteins and nucleic acids inducing mutations and apoptotic cell death, or producingadvanced glycation end products (AGE) involved in the pathophysiology of diabeticcomplications and the progression of various age-related disorders including Alzheimer'sdisease.In aim to monitor the influence of MG on different diabetic complications we havedeveloped very simple, fast and reproducible high performance liquid chromatographymethod for determination of MG in biological samples based on conversion of MG to 6,7-dimethoxy-2-methylquinoxaline with 1,2-diamino-4,5-dimethoxybenzene andspectrofotometric detection of the resulting adduct at 215 and 352 nm. The bestconditions for the derivat<strong>iz</strong>ation of MG to quinoxaline are described together with sampleprocessing, recovery, statistical evaluation, and sample storage conditions. Calibrationcurves were linear in the range of 200-1000 nM (r 2 =0.9971 (215 nm) and r 2 =0.9934 (352nm)). The limits of detection in biological matrix were 30.6 pmol and 45.9 pmol, at 215and 352 nm, respectively. The intra-day coefficients of variation were 6.9-9.3 % for 215nm and 5.5-8.4 % for 352 nm and the inter-day coefficients of variation were 9.6 % for215 nm and 8.4 % for 352 nmMG was measured in the whole blood and plasma samples of diabetic patients (n=33)and healthy controls (n=10). The whole blood MG concentrations were 373.6 ± 107.4 nM(diabetics) and 338.0 ± 62.6 nM (controls) (p=0.08). The plasma levels of the same studygroups were 712.9 ± 130.4 nM (diabetics) and 520.2 ± 41.8 nM (controls) (p=0.00001).There was no significant correlation between MG values neither with fasting glucoselevel, nor with HbA 1c (measured by FPLC) or with total AGEs (measured by ELISA withpolyclonal anti-AGE antibody).Conclusion: The overproduction of toxic methylglyoxal in diabetic state may be a part ofmechanism that promotes post-translation modifications of proteins, leading to tissuedamagePresented on:XVIIIth International Symposium on Medicinal ChemistryKopenhagen, Denmark. 15-19. 08. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Štefica HorvatProject No. 0098054128
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 121THE PRECIPITATION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE POLYMORPHUS UNDERTHE INFLUENCE OF POLYAMINO ACIDSB. Njegić, D. Kralj, G. Falini, Lj. BrečevićRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaCalcium carbonate can precipitate from electrolyte solutions as six distinct polymorphs and hydrates:calcite, aragonite, vaterite, calcium carbonate hexahydrate, calcium carbonate monohydrate oramorphous calcium carbonate. Formation of a certain modification, its morphological characteristicsand crystal habit, is governed by different parameters among which the influence of the initialreactant concentration, temperature and the presence of additives are the most relevant [1]. Atstandard conditions of temperature, calcite is the most stable phase. In the calcified biologicalsystems, calcium carbonate has been found predominantly as calcite and aragonite or lesscommonly as vaterite and amorphous calcium carbonate.During the process of calcium carbonate formation in biological systems (biomineral<strong>iz</strong>ation), theorganic matrix plays a crucial role in determining precipitation of the particular calcium carbonatepolymorph [2]. Organic matrix consists of a structural framework of insoluble macromolecules(hydrophobic proteins, chitin) onto which hydrophilic macromolecules, the so-called acidicmacromolecules, are anchored. The hydrophilic macromolecules are proteins rich in aspartic acidand glutamic acid residues, usually adopting β-pleated sheet conformation, which acts as a surfaceon which the nucleation of mineral phase occurs. Negatively charged carboxylic groups from the sidechains of these acidic macromolecules are assumed responsible for nucleation of the particularcalcium carbonate polymorph.In this work the influence of poly-L-aspartic acid (pAsp), poly-L-glutamic acid (pGlu) and poly-L-lysine(pLys), the synthetic molecules of known composition and structure, on the crystal growth of calciteis investigated. The experiments were initiated by introduction of well defined calcite seed crystalsinto supersaturated calcium carbonate solution (γ calc = 1.0 g dm -3 , c 0 (Na 2 CO 3 ) = c 0 (CaCl 2 ) = 2.5×10 -3mol dm -3 , V tot =200 cm 3 , t = 25 ºC). An appropriate amount of additive (pAsp, pGlu, pLys) waspreviously added into the solution. The advance of calcite crystal growth was followed by recordingpH as a function of time (Fig. 1). In the control system (c ad = 0 µmol dm -3 ) pH drops from the initialvalue pH = 10.5 to pH = 9.3 (quasi equilibrium) after approximately 30 minutes. In the cases whendifferent concentrations of acidic polyamino acids were added, the corresponding retardation of pHdrop was observed. At higher concentrations of pAsp (c ad > 50 µmol dm -3 ), the crystal growth ofcalcite was completely inhibited, as indicated by apparently constant value of pH. Relatively fast pHchange, observed in these systems after approximately 100 minutes, corresponds to the subsequentnucleation and crystal growth of vaterite. In contrast to the inhibition effect of acidic macromolecules,pLys had apparently no influence on calcium carbonate crystal growth kinetics, as was seen from thecorresponding progress curves. Scanning electron micrographs of the calcite crystal seeds, isolatedfrom the precipitation system containing different amount of pAsp, are shown in Fig. 2. By theaddition of pAsp the rhombohedral calcite crystals became rounded. At the highest concentration ofpAsp used, the spherulites of subsequently nucleated vaterite were observed.Decrease of the inhibition efficiency observed (Inh pAsp > Inh pGlu >> Inh pLys ) could be explained by thedecreasing adsorption affinity of the respective polyamino acids that could be, again, correlated withtheir secondary structure: pAsp adopts predominant β-sheet, pGlu adopts partial β-sheet while pLysadopts predominant random coil conformation.Presented on:Autumn School on Materials Science and Electron Microscopy 2004Berlin, Germany, 3.-7.10.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ljerka BrečevićProject No. 0098061129
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 122ADSORPTION OF POLYAMINO ACIDS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ONTHE PTECIPITATION OF CALCIUM CARBONATE POLYMORPHSNjegić, Branka; Kralj, Damir; Falini, Giuseppe; Brečević, LjerkaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaMolluscs shells, egg shells, pearls and corals are natural biocomposites in which calciumcarbonate is the principal mineral component. Mechanical properties of these materialsare the consequence of oriented crystall<strong>iz</strong>ation, polymorphism and/or morphology of thecalcium carbonate crystals induced by the organic matrix containing polypeptides reachin acidic amino acid residues (aspartic and glutamic acid). The aim of this work was toinvestigate the effect of poly-L-aspartic acid (pAsp) and poly-L-glutamic acid (pGlu) onthe nucleation and crystal growth of calcium carbonate polymorphs, calcite and vaterite.Poly-L-aspartic acid and poly-L-glutamic acid were chosen as model molecules, of knowncomposition and structure, to mimic the natural acidic polypeptides. Two types ofexperiments were conducted: spontaneous precipitation and precipitation initiated byintroduction of seed crystals of calcite or vaterite at t=25 º ; C. The precipitation processwas followed by recording pH as a function of time. Samples were character<strong>iz</strong>ed bymeans of FT-IR spectroscopy, optical and scanning electron microscopy. It was foundthat both synthetic polypeptides, pAsp and pGlu, inhibited nucleation as well as crystalgrowth of calcite and vaterite. On the contrary, basic polypeptide poly-L-lysine had noinfluence on the precipitation of any of the polymorphs. It could be concluded that specificadsorption of pAsp and pGlu onto the surface of the growing crystals is responsible forthe inhibition effects and the assumption was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy andelectrophoretic mobility measurements.Presented on:The 2004 Younger European Chemists' ConferenceTorino, Italy, 25-29.08.2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ljerka BrečevićProject No. 0098061130
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 123COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF ENVIRONMENTALRADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS AT ZAGREB RADIOCARBONAND TRITIUM LABORATORYObelić, Bogomil; Krajcar Bronić, Ines; Horvatinčić, Nada; Barešić, JadrankaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaThree methods for low-level radiocarbon measurement and two methods formeasurement of low-level tritium activity in environmental samples have been developedin the Zagreb Radiocarbon and Tritium Laboratory. Various sample preparation methodsare used for 14 C (CH 4 synthesis, benzene synthesis, CO 2 absorption) and 3 H (CH 4synthesis, water distillation). A gas proportional counter and a liquid scintillation counterare used for measurement. Basic parameters (sample quantity, background count rate,efficiency, figure of merit, limit of detection) of the methods are compared, as well as 14 Cand 3 H activities determined by different techniques.Presented on:11 th Congress of International Radiation Protection Association,Madrid, Spain, 23-28.05.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bogomil ObelićProject No. 0098014131
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 124DATING OF OLD BRIDGE IN MOSTARObelić, Bogomil; Peković, Željko; Barešić, Jadranka; Krajcar Bronić, Ines;Milošević, AnteRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaThe famous arch bridge in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, was built in 1557-1566 byorder of sultan Süleyman the Magnificent. This single-arch stone bridge was constructedby Turkish architect Mimar Hayruddin at the place of an older wooden construction andwas 19 m high, with the span of 28.7 m. The bridge was destroyed in war 1993, and hasbeen reconstructed during last several years. During the reconstruction of the Old Bridge,the remnants of two older bridges were found - a wooden construction that preceded thestony bridge, and an even older wooden suspended bridge. According to documents,mainly from the Dubrovnik Archives, the first suspended bridge crossed the Neretva Riverby the beginning of the 14 th century, while the following wooden bridge was built duringthe campaign against Turks of the Croato-Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus in 1466,probably by the Ragusian architect Paskoje Miličević. Eight wood or charcoal samplesfrom various periods of construction of the bridge were dated by the 14 C method, andwere given for dendrochronological analysis. The oldest beam used in construction of thefirst pre-Turkish suspended bridge has been dated to 11 th century by both methods. Twoother beams taken from the uncovered construction of the suspended bridge, as well astwo charcoal samples from the basement of the Tara tower on the left bank of theNeretva River, are dated to 14 th century. The beam associated with the second woodenbridge is dated to the second half of the 15 th century, and the beams connected with thereconstruction of Hayruddin's stony bridge to 18 th century. Good agreement between thecalibrated 14 C and dendrochronological ages is obtained.Presented on:ESIR VII, European Society for Isotope Research Workshop,Seggauberg (Graz), AustrIa, 27.06.-01.07.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bogomil ObelićProject No. 0098014132
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 125INTENSIVE BUILDING OF SECOND HOMES IN FREE MARKETCONDITIONS: EXAMPLE OF LITTORAL CROATIAOpačić, V. T.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaSecond homes appeared as a notable phenomenon in Croatia in 1960s. Thisphenomenon has been more prominent in ex-Yugoslavia, especially in Croatia, than inother socialist countries due to socialist system which permitted individuals to own realestate and second homes. Since then, the number of second homes in Croatia hasincreased significantly, particularly on the coast and on the islands. After the period ofadaptation and conversion of the former housing facilities into second homes during1970s and 1980s, people started buying land and building second homes, regardless ofthe carrying capacity of the littoral and insular area.After the collapse of socialism and transition to market economy, Croatia has recordeduncontrolled and unplanned increase of number of second homes, particularly houseswith several apartments that are not regulated by the regional planning policy.The introductory part of the presentation will review the reasons that had lead toincreased building of second homes in Croatia, especially during 1990s. To illustratethese dynamics and tendencies the author will present the example of Malinska on KrkIsland. Introduction of free market economy in Croatia has intensified negativephysiognomic, socio-cultural and ecological effects coupled with drawbacks incommercial tourism, whose beginnings date back to the end of 19 th century.The question that arises is how Croatia would respond to the increasing problem ofprivat<strong>iz</strong>ation and intensive building on the coast in free real estate market conditions asthe country approaches the European Union.Presented on:International conference: Remapping the southern tier of post-socialist states: politics,economics, environment, identity, Portorož , Slovenia, 8.-11. 6. 2004.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Dane PejnovićProject No. 0119553133
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 126"MEDITERRANEAN AS IT ONCE WAS" – SECOND HOMES INLITTORAL CROATIAOpačić, V. T.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaSecond homes appeared as a notable phenomenon in Croatia in 1960s. Thisphenomenon has been more prominent in ex-Yugoslavia, especially in Croatia, than inother socialist countries due to socialist system which enabled individuals to own realestate and second homes. Since then Croatia has recorded significant increase ofsecond homes, particularly on the coast and on the islands. The most important factorsthat influenced this expansion were attractiveness of the coastal area and numerousabandoned houses that could be adapted into second homes. After the adaptation andconversion of the former housing facilities into second homes during 1970s and 1980s,people started buying land and building second homes, regardless of the carryingcapacity of the littoral and insular area.In most western countries this trend has stabil<strong>iz</strong>ed and is now controlled by spatialplanning policy. Unfortunately, this is not the case in Croatia. After the collapse ofsocialism and transition to market economy, Croatia has recorded uncontrolled andunplanned increase of number of second homes. The focus of this presentation (paper) isthe issue of second homes in littoral Croatia in the last decade.The question that arises is how Croatia would respond to these problems in terms of freereal estate market, which will become more available to foreigners when Croatiabecomes part of the European Union.Presented on:The 30 th Congress of the International Geographical Union,Glasgow (UK), 15.-20. 8. 2004.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Dane PejnovićProject No. 0119553134
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 127SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RECREATION AND TOURISM INPROTECTED AREAS OF CROATIA: ISSUES AND INDICATORSOpačić, V. T., Lukić, A., Fürst-Bjeliš, B.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThis article considers the development of the protected areas in Croatia, especially inview of recreation and tourism. It also gives a preview of frequently used indicators andmeasures of sustainable tourism (WTO), explains the legal basis and defines categoriesof nature protection in Croatia. Special emphasis is placed on contemporary problems ofthe protected areas (lack of regional plans for the protected areas, insufficient number ofemployees in public institutions that manage nature protection, excessive number oftourists, contamination threats, conflicts with local population etc.). The issue ofrecreation and tourism in protected areas is further elaborated through MedvednicaNature Park case study. Indicators and measures of sustainable development used in thePark are compared to WTO criteria. In conclusion, using the Medvednica example, theauthors point out that some indicators of sustainable development in protected areasexist, but there is no unique system for monitoring environmental quality and carryingcapacity.Presented on:"Improving the knowledge base for sustainable management of recreational resources intransitional countries", Koprivštica (Bugarska), 9.-16. 5. 2004.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Dane PejnovićProject No. 0119553135
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 128CLASSICAL AND QUANDUM MAGNETIC RELAXATION IN SINGLEMOLECULE MAGNET Mn12Damir Pajić, Krešo ZadroFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaOne of the most famous single molecule magnets is Mn12(-acetate), in which the Mncations are coupled into the magnetic unit of spin 10. Besides the high magneticanisotropy, the crystal composed of these non-interacting uniformly oriented magneticmolecules showed the hysteresis loop with steps. These steps were explained by thethermally assisted/activated quantum tunneling of spin.At certain magnetic fields the relaxation becomes much faster, showing the resonantcharacter of tunneling. The relaxation curve measured if quantum tunneling is presentseems different from thermal exponential relaxation. Besides classical decreasing ofblocking temperature in applied magnetic field, also the local minima at the resonant fieldappear. After zero-field cooling the dependences of magnetic moment on temperaturemeasured in the resonant fields are different than out of the resonance. All thesedifferences become more pronounced if the transversal magnetic field is applied.Still mysterious question is about the origin of the tunneling. Among many differentexplanations of the provided inner transversal field are those with hiperfine fields anddislocations in the crystal.This poster will give an overwiev of these facts originating from the combination of theclassical and quantum magnetic relaxation of Mn12 toward the equilibrium.Presented on:Workshop on Quantum Systems out of Equilibrium, ICTPTrieste Italy,14.-25. 6. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Krešo ZadroProject No. 0119258136
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 129THE INFLUENCE OF THE HIGHWAY ON THE PROTECTED SPRINGSOF GACKA RIVERANTE PAVIČIĆ; SANJA KAPELJ; JASMINA LUKAČInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaThe highway passes along the west boundary part of the protected area of the springszone of the Gacka River. Despite the protection measures that were carried out, thepossible highway influence on the springs immediate to road (catchment area B) andmain springs (catchment area A), is being considered. Besides the hydrogeologicalrelations and groundwater flow tracing, geochemical properties of the spring waters areused for the defining the catchment areas. Through the monitoring of the characteristicsprings, the highway influence on the springs and on the Gacka River will be evaluated.Presented on:1 st International Conference on Groundwater in Geological Engineering, SCIAH -Ljubljana, Bled, Slovenia. 2003.Principal Investigator :Dr.sc. Ante PavičićProject No. 0181002137
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 130LONG-TERM CHANGES OF THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC TROPHICCONDITIONSPečar, Osvin; Precali, RobertRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaTrophic index and Secchi depth data were used to assess trophic conditions along the PoRiver delta – Rovinj profile in the last 30 years. A marked gradient in trophic conditionwas observed along the profile. A decrease in the trophic index was identified only in themost western part and could be related to the change of nutrients composition of the PoRiver waters during the early eighties.Presented on:CIESM (Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la merMediterranee)Barcelona, Spain, 07.-11.06.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Danilo DegobbisProject No. 0098111138
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 131TOURISM VALORIZATION OF CROATIAN CITIES REBISTERED ONUNESCO'S WORLD HERITAGE LISTPepeonik, Z., Opačić, V. T.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAmong the cities of Croatia on UNESCO’s World Heritage List are five of them:Dubrovnik, Split, Trogir, Šibenik and Poreč. While in the first three of them the oldparts inside the city walls are taking in account, by Šibenik and Poreč onlyecclesiastiacal subjects are considered. The Old City of Dubrovnik and the Historicalcomplex of Split with the Palace of Diocletian have been listed since 1979., and theEpiscopal complex of the Euphrasian Basilica in the Historic Centre of Poreč as wellas the Historic City ofr Trogir since 1997. Finaly, in the year 2000. the Cathedral ofSt. James in Šibenik was listed as well. Although these cities were already touristicknown, this paper would like to show possible changes in popularity and touristicflow.Presented on:International conference: Tourism in historic cities,Granada, Spain, 20.-23. 2. 2002.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Dane PejnovićProject No. 0119553139
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 132EFFECT OF NORFLURAZON ON DUCKWEED (Lemna minor L.)Zorana Perinčić, Željka Vidaković-Cifrek, Mirta Tkalec, Ivan RegulaFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaNorflurazon is a herbicide that inhibits the biosynthesis of carotenoid pigments andtherefore causes photooxidative damage. The effect of 1×10 -6 mol dm -3 and 2×10 -7mol dm -3 concentrations of norflurazon was studied by Lemna-test. The plant growth,recorded during 14 days of cultivation (photoperiod 16/8 light to darkness, light intensity80 µE m -2 s -1 ), was stimulated by 2×10 -7 mol dm -3 concentration while higherconcentration did not affect the growth. Both concentrations of norflurazon inhibitedchlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation. Concentration 1×10 -6 mol dm -3 decreased thechlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, β-carotene and lutein content up to 25-30% of control level.The prominent reduction (up to 50%) of other carotenoids (violaxantin and neoxantin)was also noticed. The accumulation of pigments after treatment with lower concentrationwas near to those of control plants. Norflurazon in both tested concentrations loweredguaiacol peroxidase activity in crude plant extracts. More prominent decrease wascaused by higher concentration (approximately 60% of control level) while after treatmentwith lower concentration activity was approximately 90% of control level.Presented on:3 rd Slovenian Symposium on Plant Physiology (with International Participation)Ljubljana, Slovenia, 25. – 27. September 2002.Principal investigator : Dr.sc. Branka Pevalek-KozlinaProject No. 0119155140
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 133NANOSTRUCTURED NICKEL FILMS: ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATIONON CARBON MICROELECTRODES AND ELECTROCATALYTICPROPERTIES FOR THE HERŽ. Petrović 1 ; Z. Grubač 2 ; M. Metikoš-Huković 1*1) Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Croatia2) Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Split, CroatiaThe very initial nucleation stage of the electrocrystall<strong>iz</strong>ation of nanostructured nickelparticles has been studied on an assembly of carbon fibres, consisting of 36,000microdiscs (φ = 7 µm) randomly distributed inside the matrix of a non-conducting polymer.Microdiscs were so far apart that the crystals could not interact in any way. It was shownthat electrodes with very small electroactive areas simplify the study of the nucleation andgrowth mechanism.Within an appropriate potential range the initial deposition kinetic corresponds to a threedimensionalprogressive nucleation mechanism and diffusion controlled stable clustergrowth. Relevant kinetic parameters; the nucleation rate and the number of atoms in thecritical nucleus including the diffusion coefficient were determined from theelectrochemical in situ measurements. The deposit morphology was examined by ex situmethods.The electrocatalytic performance of Ni nanoparticles supported on carbonmicroelectrodes with respect to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has beenevaluated on the basis of dc-electrochemical and ac-impedance spectroscopymeasurements in a 1M NaOH solution. Obtained results indicate the excellentelectrocatalytic activity of the nanostructured Ni deposit towards H 2 evolution incomparison to the bulk polycrystalline Ni.Presented on:BSUN – COSENT Conference for Junior Research Scientists, Constantza,Romania, 3. – 4. September, 2004,Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mirjana Metikoš-HukovićProject No. 0125011141
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 134PLANCTONIC DESMIDS OF KARSTIC MEDITERRANEAN LAKES,PONIKVE AND NJIVICEPlenković-Moraj A.; M. GligoraFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe research of planktonic desmids was performed in two karstic lakes. Ponikve Lake(surface area 70 ha, max. depth 6 m, mean depth 2.4 m, catchment area 35 km 2 ) andNjivice Lake (surface area 35 ha, max. depth 9 m, mean depth 4 m, catchment area 20km 2 ) are shallow, alkalic lakes located on the Island Krk (Northern Adriatic). Sampleswere taken monthly, during 2000 and 2001. Algal composition supplemented by waterchemistry and physical data were used to calculate the trophic state index. Ponikve Lakehas already become an eutrophic water while Njivice Lake has been slowly changingfrom a mesotrophic to eutrophic. There were no significant differences in physical andchemical features between lakes. Slight differences were observed in pH values, totalphosphorus, ammonia and transparency. Phosphorus and temperature were the mostimportant factors influencing abundance and biomass of desmids.Desmids were also dependent on the competition with other algal groups andzooplankton predation. The highest number of desmid species and abundance wereoccurred in August (Ponikve Lake), and October (Njivice Lake). Staurastrum andCosmarium were the dominant genera in both lakes. Among 17 desmids determined inPonikve Lake dominant species were: Cosmarium moniliforme (Turp.) ex Ralfs andStaurastrum tetracerum var. trigona W. & G.S.West. In Njivice Lake, diversity of desmidswas lower, providing 8 species of three genera.Presented on:International Symposium, Biology and Taxonomy of Green Algae IV,Smolenice-Castle, Slovakia. June 24-28. 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Anñelka Plenković-MorajProject No. 0119146142
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 135RESPONSE OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND PERIPHYTON TO THEPHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN LOTIC AREA OF AKARSTIC RIVER KRKAPlenković-Moraj A., Gligora M.; K. KraljFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaNet phytoplankton and periphyton from artificial substrate (plexy slides) were investigatedon a vertical profile of travertine barrage lotic area of the River Krka, located in karsticregion of the NW Dinarid Mountains (Croatia).Net phytoplankton samples were collected monthly during a year, at six depths.Periphyton samples were carried out after 30, 60, and 90 days of exposition duringsummer period at three depths. Plexy slides were placed parallel and perpendicular tothe current velocity. The physical and chemical parameters were measuredsimultaneously. Seasonal distribution of net phytoplankton abundance showed twopeaks, in June and March. The highest abundance was observed at depths of 5 and 10meters. In periphyton community the highest cells density was observed after 60 days ofexposition on hor<strong>iz</strong>ontally placed surface, in epilimnion. During the research period 42and 88 species were identified in phytoplankton and periphyton community, respectively.Main abundance constitution corresponded to the diatoms, in phytoplankton same as inperiphyton. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of the full data set indicatedsome separation of the data in ordination space based on seasons for plankton and daysof exposition for periphyton. First three axes for plankton data explained 17.0 % and forperiphyton data explained 25.9 % of the species variance. The most influentialparameters associated with the first axis were: temperature, total phosphorus anddissolved oxygen for plankton, and total phosphorus, orthophosphates and conductivityfor periphyton. Parameters that correlated with the second axis were nitrites and nitratesfor plankton, and temperature and total nitrogen for periphyton.Presented on:14th Hungarian Algological MeetingGöd, Hungary. 5.-9. April 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Anñelka Plenković-MorajProject No. 0119146143
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 136ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN OF SATELLITE ARRAYS INDICATEHIGH DYNAMICS OF RECOMBINATIONAL EVENTS INCENTROMERIC HETEROCHROMATIN OF TENEBRIONID BEETLESMiroslav Plohl, Brankica Mravinac, Sonja Durajlija Žinić, ðurñica UgarkovićRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaIt has been shown that long homogeneous domains of satellite repeats, occasionallyinterrupted with transposable elements are principal DNA sequences involved incentromeric function and heterochromatin formation of animal and plant species, such ashuman, Drosophila and rice. Large blocks of centromeric heterochromatin of tenebrionidbeetles (Insecta, Coleoptera) are composed of several satellite DNAs. Irrespectively tosignificant differences in copy number, all satellites colocal<strong>iz</strong>e in centromericheterochromatin of all chromosomes. Monomers of each satellite form irregularpatchwork of short, not longer than 100 kb, homogeneous arrays mutually interspersedwithin domains of several Mb in length. Interspersion pattern lacks any specificity, whichwould distinguish between pericentromeric and centromeric heterochromatin, or indicateposition of functional centromere. In Tribolium madens, junctions between arrays of twosatellites are sites of abrupt transition from one satellite to the other. At some junctionsmonomer sequences of adjacent satellites do not differ from the others in the repetitivefamily. Alternatively, highly divergent monomers located at the junctions are graduallyreplaced with less and less divergent variants towards the interior of the satellite array.This distribution of variants is consistent with unequal crossing over as a mechanism ofhomogen<strong>iz</strong>ation of satellite arrays. Physical basis for high level of exchange events couldbe in a bouquet stage of meiotic prophase I, in which all chromosomes are tightly alignedwith their centromeric heterochromatin in a globular structure. In contrast to theestablished opinion, organ<strong>iz</strong>ational structure of centromeric heterochromatin intenebrionid beetles indicates that heterochromatin formation and centromeric function arenot necessarily incompatible with high dynamics of recombination events.Presented on:3rd Elmau Conference on Nuclear Organ<strong>iz</strong>ation: EMBO Workshop on NuclearOrgan<strong>iz</strong>ation - From Basic Science to ApplicationSchloss Elmau, Germany, 7.-10. October 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Janko HerakProject No. 0006421144
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 137APPLICATION OF CARBON FIBER MICROELECTRODES INELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONSD. Posavec, Ž. Petrović, M. Metikoš-HukovićFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn electroanalysis, the performance of the electrode with respect to speed and spatialresolution scales is inversely proportional to the electrode radius. During the past fewdecades, intensive research has resulted in electrodes of radii down to 1 m and 1 nm.With a decrease in radius, elemental detection level has been brought down to parts perbillion (ppb) levels. At the present time the diameter of carbon nanotubes is about 100nm. With these nanoelectrodes, the smallest of sensors can be made, for example, for insitu monitoring of chemical reactions inside tissue as well as potential on cellmembranes.In this work, electrocrystall<strong>iz</strong>ation of nickel from Ni 2+ - acidic bath was investigated usingan assembly of carbon microelectrodes, which consisted of single and multi microdiscs( = 7 m) randomly distributed inside the matrix of a non-conducting polymer. Themicrodiscs were so far apart that the crystals could not interact in any way. This limitedthe total observed current density to a linear superposition of the current densities fromeach crystal considered independently. The number of crystals as a function of time, N(t)from the total current density as a function of time, I N (t) during electrochemical nucleationand growth have been determined.By combining random assemblies of microelectrodes and the ‘Bootstrap’ algorithm(based on mathematical methods of harmonic and numerical analyses), it was possible toavoid diffusional interaction and obtain plots of the number of crystals versus time asdirect output from the current – time transients (chronoamperometric measurements). Inaddition, a high rate of nucleation after a rapid increase in the overpotential wasdiscussed on the basis of the physical model for three-dimensional (3D) nucleation withdiffusion controlled growth. An excellent agreement between the simulated results andthe theoretical curve for the 3D progressive nucleation was obtained.Presented on:11 th Young Investigators` Seminar on Analytical Chemistry,Graz, Austria, June 30 – July 3, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mirjana Metikoš-HukovićProject No. 0125011145
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 138THREATS TO SEAGRASS Posidonia oceanica MEADOWS IN THEADRIATIC SEAPožar-Domac, A.; Kružić, P.; Novosel, M.; Radić, I.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe seagrass Posidonia oceanica meadows are in biological and economical sense themost valuable ecosystem of the Adriatic Sea. Negative influence of human activities haslarge impact on evolution and survival of this sensitive community causing a significantdecline in most area of the Adriatic Sea. By signing numerous international conventions(Barcelona 1976/1995, Bern 1979, Rio 1992, etc.) coastal countries took obligation toconserve and protect marine vegetation especially marine phanerogams. The mostendangered species of these is the Mediterranean endem P. oceanica.The most detrimental impact on these settlements is induced by industrial and urbansewage discharges, fish farming, trawl fishing and boat anchoring. Lately, the reason foradditional concern is expansion of two invasive tropical algae species such as Caulerpataxifolia and C. racemosa.This paper deals with findings from two projects "Mapping of Posidonia meadows inCroatian part of Adriatic Sea" and "Preservation of biodiversity in Adriatic Sea", wheredrastic negative changes have been noted among seagrass communities.The results of benthic biocoenoses survey in the area of Drvenik, Kluda, Fulija andKudica islands, which are under the influence of tuna farms, will be presented. We will tryto point out that near-shore intensive tuna farming can disastrously influence the marinebiodiversity.Presented on:Littoral 2004 - Delivering sustainable coasts: connecting science and policyAberden, Scotland, UK. 20. - 22. September 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Antonieta Požar-DomacProject No. 0119125146
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 139MUCILAGE EVENTS (2000-2002) IN THE NORTHERN ADRIATIC ANDTHE N/P RATIOPrecali, Robert; Degobbis, Danilo; Djakovac, Tamara; Ferrari, Carla RitaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaDIN/PO4 ratio changes were investigated (1999-2002) in the northern Adriatic waters,influenced by riverine inputs, were mucilaginous aggregates preferably form. It was notevidenced that much higher DIN/PO4 ratio than the Redfield value (16:1) contributed tothe mucilage events.Presented on:CIESM (Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la merMediterranee)Barcelona, Spain, 07.-11.06.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Danilo DegobbisProject No. 0098111147
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 140IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF Alyssum samoborense HorvatMarija Prolić * , Sandra Radić, Branka Pevalek-KozlinaFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaA rapid clonal propagation for Alyssum samoborense Horvat (Brassicaceae) has beendeveloped. A. samoborense is an old autochthonous species inhabiting the coasts offormer Pannonian sea, i. e. continental part of south-eastern and eastern Europe.Through the past, number of specimnes decreased due to mountain elevation, soilerosion and climatic changes.Shoots originated from aseptically germinated seeds were used for culture initiation.Developed shoots were multiplicated on media containing full or half concentration of MSsalts with 2.9 µM gibberrelic acid (2.9 µM) and 6-benzylamonopurine (BA; 0.2, 0.5, and 1µM) or without BA. The highest multiplication rate was noticed on full strength MSmedium enriched with 1 µM BA (2.85 shoots per explant). Before transffering to rootingmedium, shoots were elongated on MS medium containing 0.2 µM BA and 14.5 µMgibberrelic acid. After 4 weeks, elongated shoots were rooted on MS media containingdifferent concentrations of auxins indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)and α-naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA). The best rooting was achieved on media containingIAA (5.7 µM) and IBA (2.5 µM).Presented on:3 rd Slovenian Symposium on Plant Physiology (with International Participation)Ljubljana, Slovenija, 25. - 27. September 2002Principal investigator : Dr.sc. Branka Pevalek-KozlinaProject No. 0119155148
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 141CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF OSMOTIC STRESS ON THE ROOTMERISTEM CELLS OF Centaurea ragusina L.Sandra Radić, Marija Prolić, Mirjana Pavlica, Branka Pevalek-KozlinaFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaCentaurea ragusina L. (Asteraceae), an endemic Croatian species developedxeromorphic characteristics which have arisen as a consequence of arid and salt-affectedenvironment. Cytogenetic effects of mannitol (300 mM) and different NaCl concentrations(150, 300, 450 and 600 mM) on root meristem cells of in vitro cultured C. ragusina wereanalysed after ten days of stress conditions. Plants grown on media containing 150 mMNaCl showed significant increase of mitotic index and higher number of mitoticabnormalities compared to control conditions. Although the mitotic index in control andmannitol-treated samples was almost the same, mitotic and chromosomal abnormalitiesdoubled in the latter. Higher concentrations of salt (300, 450 and 600 mM NaCl) causedtotal inhibiton of mitotic activity in root-tip cells. Comparison of isoosmotic concentrationsof salt (150 mM) and mannitol (300 mM) revealed more detrimental cytotoxic effect ofmannitol and a certain tolerance of C. ragusina towards moderate salinity.Presented on:14 th Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant BiologyKrakow, Poland, 23. - 27. August 2004.Principal investigator : Dr.sc. Branka Pevalek-KozlinaProject No. 0119155149
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 142TRANSPARENT EXOPOLYMER PARTICLES (TEP) IN THENORTHERN ADRIATICRadić, Tomislav; Krstulović, Jadranka; Fuks, DragicaRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaSticky polysaccharide microaggregates, called transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP),are abundant in marine ecosystems (103-108 L-1) and largely responsible foraggregation processes, like "marine snow" formation and diatoms' aggregation. Theirimportant role in the periodic mucilage events in the northern Adriatic has also beenhypothes<strong>iz</strong>ed. During these summer events surface and subsurface layers ofmucilaginous matter ("false bottom") kilometres long are formed and aggregates ofseveral meters in length appear in the water column, affecting the ecosystem functioningas well as fisheries and tourism economy. A three years study of TEP distribution and itsrelations to oceanographic and biological parameters was conducted to verify its role inthe mucilage phenomenon. Samples were collected approximately monthly in the period1999 to 2002 at nine stations, five depths each, along the transect Rovinj (Croatia) - PoRiver Delta (Italy). TEP concentrations were measured by the Alcian-blue colorimetricmethod, using Xanthan Gum as an equivalent. In order to explain the mechanism of TEPformation, TEP concentration was correlated with chlorophyll a and pheophytinconcentration, bacterial abundance and salinity. Obtained TEP concentrations were in therange of four orders of magnitude (4-14000, average 570 ľg L-1 Xanthan equivalent), withgreatest variations in the upper water column (0, 5 and 10 m of depth). The lowest TEPconcentrations were determined in 1999, the year without mucilage events. Among theyears with mucilage events (2000, 2001 and 2002) exceptionally high values occurred in2002, when the event was more pronounced. Increased TEP concentrations in theseawater preceded the mucilage formation and decreased during the events, whensignificant portion of TEP was most likely included in aggregates. In all years TEPformation was the most intensive in the upper water column in March/April periods whenphytoplankton biomass, as a major TEP source, increased. During the summers TEPconcentrations were higher then average, probably due to longer "residence time" inrelation to chlorophyll a in conditions or reduced water exchange rates with the rest of theAdriatic. Significant positive correlations between TEP and chlorophyll a, pheophytin andbacterial abundance and negative between TEP and salinity were found in February-August periods, while less significant in September-January periods, when TEPconcentrations were lower. In conclusion, TEP in the northern Adriatic is being formed inhigh quantities in periods preceding the mucilage formation with phytoplankton as a majorsource and probably important, but still not fully explained role of bacteria.Presented on:Scientific and policy challenges towards an effective management of the marineenvironment - emphasis on the Black Sea and the Mediterranean regionsVarna, Bulgaria, 12-18.10.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Danilo DegobbisProject No. 0098111150
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 143COMPARISON OF TWO REACTION SCHEMES FOR THEHYDROLYSIS OF ACETYLTHIOCHOLINE BYBUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASEReiner, Elsa; Šinko, Goran; Štuglin, Anita; Simeon-Rudolf, VeraInstitute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, CroatiaCatalytic parameters calculated from the schemes derived by Webb (Model A) and byStojan (Model B) were compared for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine (ATCh) by purifiedhorse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) (measured by conventional and stopped-flowtechniques). In Model A the acetylated enzyme is omitted from the scheme, while inModel B the Michaelis complex is omitted. The enzyme-substrate dissociation constantsKs and Kss in Model A were 0.25 and 2.0 mM (conv. tech.) and 0.17 and 6.3 mM(stopped-flow tech.). These were attributed to binding of ATCh to the catalytic andperipheral site of BChE. The constants K1 and K2 in Model B (stopped-flow tech.) were0.223 and >1000 mM. These are attributed to binding of ATCh to an unidentified site inthe free enzyme and to the peripheral site in the acetylated enzyme. As the Ks and K1values are almost the same, both constants are likely to refer to the same enzymesubstratecomplex. The constants Kss and K2 are very different; they are both attributedto peripheral binding of ATCh, but they obviously refer to different complexes. Bothmodels postulate that peripheral binding of a substrate affects rate constants of substratehydrolysis; this also follows from the evaluated constants for ATCh hydrolysis.Presented on:XI th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms-Function and Disfunction & 2 ndMisrahi Symposium on Neurobiology,St. Moritz, Sw<strong>iz</strong>erland, 5.-9. 05. 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Vera SimeonProject No. 0022014151
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 144PERIPHETAL BINDING OF ETHOPROPAZINE TO HORSE SERUMBUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASEReiner, Elsa; Šinko, Goran; Štuglin, Anita; Simeon-Rudolf, VeraInstitute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, CroatiaThe inhibition of purified horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with ethopropazine(0.25-20 µM) was studied in order to evaluate the binding site(s) on the enzyme. Activitieswere measured spectrophotometrically with acetylthiocholine (ATCh; 0.05-80 mM) assubstrate at 37ºC in 0.1 M phosphate buffer pH=7.4. The pS-curve for the ATChhydrolysis fitted well the Webb equation: Ks and Kss = 0.25 and 2.0 mM respectively,beta=3.2. This equation assumes two binding sites for the substrate on the enzyme,catalytic and peripheral, and the beta-value above unity indicates apparent substrateactivation. Inhibition of BChE with ethopropazine was non-competitive at substrateconcentrations up to 1.0 mM. The enzyme-inhibitor dissociation constant was 0.81 µM.Competition between ATCh and ethopropazine occurred at substrate concentrationsabove the Kss value for ATCh. Such inhibition pattern indicates binding of ethopropazineto the peripheral, non-productive, site on the enzyme.Presented on:XI th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms-Function and Disfunction & 2 ndMisrahi Symposium on Neurobiology,St. Moritz, Sw<strong>iz</strong>erland, 5.-9. 05. 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Vera SimeonProject No. 0022014152
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 145CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY ASSAYS: MOLAR ABSORPTIONCOEFFICIENT FOR THE REDUCED ELLMAN REAGENTReiner, Elsa 1 ; Šinko, Goran 1 ; Štuglin, Anita 1 ; Simeon-Rudolf, Vera 1 ; Worek, Franz 2 ;Kiderlen, Daniela 3 ; Eyer, Peter 31 Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia2 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German Armed Forces Medical Academy,Munich,Germany3 Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Munich,GermanyThe Ellman method for assaying thiols is based on the reaction of thiols with thechromogenic DTNB reganet whereby formation of the yellow dianion of 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid is measured. As the Ellman method is widely used, a critical review ofpublished data seems required in order to apply values of the coefficient corresponding toexperimental conditions used in a given cholinesterase activity assay.Presented on:The Fourth International Chemical and Biological Medical Treatment Symposium,Spiez, Sw<strong>iz</strong>erland, 28. 4.-3. 5. 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Vera SimeonProject No. 0022014153
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 146INTERACTIONS OF ENANTIOMERS OF QUINUCLIDIN-3-olDERIVATIVES WITH HUMAN CHOLINESTERASESSimeon-Rudolf, Vera, Bosak, AnitaInstitute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, CroatiaThe (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of quinuclidin-3-ol and quinuclidin-3-yl acetate as well astheir quaternary N-methyl and N-benzyl derivatives were studied with respect to thestereoselectivity of human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) and plasmabutyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8). The compounds were tested as substrates ofacetycholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, and/or as inhibitors of the enzymes. Thehydrolysis of the esters catalysed by the enzymes was followed by pH-stat titration of theliberated acetic acid. Stereoselectivity of the cholinesterases was observed in thehydrolysis of all derivatives of quinuclidin-3-yl acetate with a preference for the (R)- over(S)-enantiomers. The best substrate for both enzymes was (R)-N-methyl acetate withkcat = 2.8 x 10 5 min -1 and kcat = 3.0 x 10 4 min -1 for acetylcholinesterase andbutyrylcholinesterase, respectively. However, the (S)-quinuclidine acetates interactedwith the cholinesterases as competitive inhibitors. The inhibition of the enzymes by the(S)-quinuclidine acetates and (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of quinuclidin-3-ol derivatives wasmeasured spectrophotometrically with acetylthiocholine as substrate. Thecholinesterases were reversibly inhibited by both enantiomers of quinuclidin-3-olderivatives but without explicit enantiomeric preference. Competition withacetylthiocholine revealed binding of the inhibitors to the catalytic and/or peripheral site ofthe enzymes. The enantiomers of N-benzylquinucldinium-3-ol were better inhibitors thanthe other alcohols and the dissociation constants of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes werebetween 0.042 and 0.74 mol L -1 .Presented on:VIII International Meeting on CholinesterasesPerugia, Italy, 26.-30. 09. 2004Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Vera SimeonProject No. 0022014154
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 147REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE AND MINIMAL LENGTH AT SEXUALMATURITY OF Engraulis encrasicolus IN THE ADRIATIC SEAGorenka Sinovčić; Barbara ZoricaInstitute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, CroatiaAnchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) is an endemic species of theMediterranean-Atlantic region and the only European representative of the Engraulidaefamily (Ercegović, 1949). It belongs to the group of small pelagic fish that contribute morethan 50% to the overall catches from the Mediterranean, Black Sea and Adriatic Sea(FAO Fish. Repts.). The reproductive cycle (N=12,752) during 1986-1990 period and thecomparative analysis on the minimal length at maturity, L 50 and L 100 of anchovyspecimens in 1990 (N=537) and 2003 (N=205) was studied as well.Presented on:XI European Congress of IchthyologyTallinn /Estonia September 6-10.09.2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Gorenke SinovčićProject No. 0001003155
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 148LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND BIOMETRY OF SPRAT,SPRATTUS SPRATTUS (LINNAEUS, 1758), IN THE ZRMANJA RIVERESTUARY (EASTERN ADRIATIC)Gorenka Sinovčić, Barbara Zorica, Marijana Franičević; Vanja Čikeš-KečInstitute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, CroatiaA total of 270 specimens of sprat, Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus, 1758), were collected bypurse seines from the Zrmanja River estuary (Novigrad Sea) during August 2000 -September 2002. Total length (TL) and weight (W) ranged from 7.7 to 15.0 cm and 4.03to 23.05 g, respectively. The estimated length-weight relationship revealed allometric(b=2.654) growth.Presented on:37th Congres CIESMBarcelona, Spain, 7-11 June 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Gorenke SinovčićProject No. 0001003156
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 149SEARCH FOR PAIRING-VIBRATION STATES IN MULTINUCLEONTRANSFER REACTIONSS.Szilner a,b , L.Corradi a , F.Haas c , G.Pollarolo a , S.Beghini d ,B.R.Behera, A.Gadea b , A.Latina e , G.Montagnoli d , F.Scarlassara d ,A.M.Stefanini b , M.Trotta b , A.M.Vinodkumar a , Y.W.Wu:a INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Italyb Ruñer Bošković Institute, HR-10 002 Zagreb, Croatiac Institut de Recherches Subatomiques, CNRS-IN2P3/ULP, Strasbourg, Franced Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Padova, ItalyHeavy-ion transfer reactions at energies close to the Coulomb barrier are complex in their nature andit is important to identify the relevant degrees of freedom which have to be included in the descriptionof the reaction mechanism. In different studied systems the main degrees of freedom in the quasielasticregime are reported to be single nucleon transfers, i.e. the multinucleon transfer channels aremostly populated via a sequence of single particles. Enhancement of two nucleon transfer channelswith respect to estimated probabilities for independent particle transfers are often discussed inliterature, but the reported studies are mostly based on purely phenomenological ground.To get a deeper insight into the subject different systems have been recently studied at LNL. Multinucleontransfer reaction channels, up to the pick-up of 7 neutrons and the stripping of 6-8 protons,have been measured by a time-of-flight spectrometer with a large solid angle and a good mass,charge and energy resolutions. The data have been compared with semiclassical models includingdegrees of freedom of different complexity.The obtained results show that the experimental Q-value integrated cross sections as a function ofthe number of transferred neutrons display a constant drop for all systems within the experimentalaccuracy. We found a good agreement between experimental neutron pick-up cross sections andcalculations where only sequential transfers of single nucleons are included. The calculationsunderestimate by a factor ~5 the transfer of two protons and by larger factors the transfer of moreprotons. A new degree of freedom has been introduced in CWKB calculations, i.e. a proton pairtransfer with a macroscopic pair form factor with strength suitable to reproduce the -2p channel. Theintroduction of this new degree of freedom improves the agreement with the data and, very relevant,once the (-2p) isotope distributions are reproduced, this happens also for the other weaker protontransfer channels. The agreement is further improved by taking into account evaporation effects fromthe primary fragments.In order to understand this proton pair transfer mode in a more quantitative way, we studied the40 Ca+ 208 Pb system with well matched Q-values for both pure neutron pick-up and pure protonstripping. In this case both projectile and target are closed-shell nuclei, thus providing more suitableconditions for detailed calculations. The experiments were performed at the XTU Tandem-ALPIaccelerator complex of LNL. Differential cross sections and Q-value distributions have beenmeasured at several angles in order to cover most of the total transfer flux. Two-proton transfer crosssections were studied as a function of the bombarding energy, in order to investigate into moredetails the strength of the two-proton form factor. Mass spectra show population of up to 7 neutronpick-up and 7-8 proton stripping isotopes.The analysis of the transfer data measured at different beam energies, forthcoming pure elasticscattering measurements and the comparison with CWKB calculations will be presented.Presented on:8th International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (NN2003),Moscow, Russia, 17-21 June, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Zoran BasrakProject No. 0098010157
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 150MIXED ELECTRONIC-IONIC CONDUCTIVITY IN LEAD IRONPHOSPHATE GLASSES DOPED WITH SODIUM OXIDEA. Šantić a* ; A. Moguš-Milanković a ; D. E. Day ba Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatiab Graduate Center for Materials Research, University of Missouri-Rolla, MO 65409, USAIron phosphate glasses behave as typical semiconductors, exhibiting electronicconduction by electron hopping from Fe(II) to Fe(III) ions. On the other hand, electricalconductivity of alkali containing iron phosphate glasses consists of both, electronic andionic conduction. The ionic conduction should be proportional to the concentration andmobility of alkali ions, whereas, the electronic conduction follows the electron hoppingtheory.The aim of the study was to investigate electrical properties of the glasses of quaternarysystem Na 2 O-PbO-Fe 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 exhibiting, in general, mixed ionic-electronic conductionwith predominance of ionic or electronic component depending on composition. Glasseswere examined by impedance spectroscopy in the wide frequency and temperature range(0.01 Hz - 3 MHz, 303 - 473 K). The impedance spectra were analyzed numerically bymeans of electrical equivalent circuit modeling, using complex non-linear least squareprocedure.It was found that conductivity for glasses containing ≤15 mol% Na 2 O is predominantlyelectronic and is controlled by electron hopping between iron ions. In these glasses thesodium ions have such low mobility, caused by ion-polaron interaction, that they make nodetectable contribution to the total conductivity. For glasses with Na 2 O content >15 mol%,the conductivity increases significantly indicating ionic conductivity. Special attention waspaid to a relationship between the type of conductivity (electronic and/or ionic) and theshape of impedance spectra. It was found that characteristic features of impedancespectra follow the changes of the nature of the electrical conduction.Presented on:The 2004 Younger European Chemists` ConferenceTorino, Italy, 25.-29. August 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Andrea Moguš-MilankovićProject No. 0098027158
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 151TRANSITION FROM ELECTRONIC TO IONIC CONDUCTION IN Na 2 O-PbO-Fe 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 GLASSESA. Šantić a , A. Moguš-Milanković a K. Furić a , D. E. Day ba Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatiab Graduate Center for Materials Research, University of Missouri-Rolla, MO 65409, USAIron phosphate glasses behave as typical semiconductors, where the electron conductionis thermally activated electron hopping from Fe(II) to Fe(III) ions. On the other hand,electrical conductivity of alkali containing iron phosphate glasses consists of both,electronic and ionic conduction. The ionic conduction should be proportional to theconcentration and mobility of alkali ions, whereas, the electronic conduction follows theelectron hopping theory.The electrical properties of the xNa 2 O·(100-x)·[28.3PbO·28.7Fe 2 O 3·43.0P 2 O 5 ], (0 ≤ x ≤30), glasses were measured by impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range from0.01 Hz to 3 MHz and the temperature range from 303 to 473 K. The conductivity forglasses containing ≤ 15 mol% Na 2 O is predominantly electronic and is controlled byelectron hopping between Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions. In these glasses the sodium ions havesuch a low mobility, caused by ion-polaron interaction, that they make no detectablecontribution to the total conductivity.For Na 2 O contents > 15 mol%, the conductivity increases significantly due to an increasein the sodium ion mobility. The increasing concentration of sodium ions increases thedegree of disorder in the glass network, with an increase in the number of non-bridgingoxygens. This in turns enhances the pathways suitable for migration of the sodium ionsresponsible for an increase in the ionic conductivity.The structural changes in these glasses have been investigated by Raman and IRspectroscopy. The Raman spectra show that with increasing Na 2 O content there iscorresponding reduction in number of the Q 1 phosphate units and an increase in nonbridgingoxygens as more Q 0 phosphate units are formed in the glass network. Thedecrease in glass temperature, T g and glass density, D, is due to the lower degree ofcross-bonding between the sodium and non-bridging oxygens in Q 0 phosphate unitsresulting in a weakening of the glass network.Presented on:Emerging Microscopy for Advanced Materials Development – Imaging and Spectroscopyon Atomic ScaleBerlin, Germany, 03.-07. October 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Andrea Moguš-MilankovićProject No. 0098027159
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 152STRUCTURE AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAD-IRONPHOSPHATE GLASSESA. Šantić a* ; A. Moguš-Milanković ; S. T. Reis b ; M. Karabulut c ; K. Furić a ; D. E. Day ba Ruñer Bošković Institute,Zagreb, Croatiab Graduate Center for Materials Research, University of Missouri-Rolla, MO 65409, USAc Department of Physics, University of Kafkas, 36000 Kars, TurkeyThe structure and electrical properties of vitreous and crystalline lead-iron phosphateglasses have been investigated using Raman, Mössbauer, X-ray diffraction andimpedance spectroscopy. The Raman spectra for the glasses contained bandscharacteristic for pyrophosphate groups, whereas the crystall<strong>iz</strong>ed compositions showbands related to both pyrophosphate and orthophosphate structure. X-ray diffractionpatterns showed that Fe 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 , FePO 4 and Fe 7 (PO 4 ) 6 phases are present in thesamples with O/P ratio >3.9. The Mössbauer spectra indicated that with increasing Fe 2 O 3content in these glasses the concentration of Fe(II) ions increases. The chemicaldurability of glasses and crystalline compositions was investigated by measuring theirweight loss in distilled water at 90 o C for up to 32 days. The weight loss of the lead-ironphosphate glasses was up to 100 times less than tat for window glass.The electrical properties measured by impedance spectroscopy in the frequency rangefrom 0.01 Hz to 3 MHz and over the temperature range from 303 to 473 K shows that theconductivity for these glasses strongly depends upon Fe(II) ion concentration. It wasobserved that with increasing Fe 2 O 3 content the ratio Fe(II)/Fe tot and consequently dcconductivity increase. The dielectric properties such as ε′(ω), ε′′(ω) and σ ac (ω) and theirvariation with frequency and temperature indicates an increase in relaxation intensity withincrease in the concentration of Fe 2 O 3 . The increase in the dielectric permittivity, ε′(ω)with increasing Fe 2 O 3 content is attributed to the increase in the deformation of glassnetwork with increasing bonding defects.Presented on:X International Conference on the Physics of Non-Crystalline Solids,Parma, Italy, 13.-17. July 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Andrea Moguš-MilankovićProject No. 0098027160
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 153STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF TELLURITE GLASSESA. Šantić a* , A. Moguš-Milanković a , C. S. Ray b ; D. E. Day ba Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatiab Graduate Center for Materials Research, University of Missouri-Rolla, MO 65409, USAThe structure of α-TeO 2 polycrystalline material, TeO 2 glass and crystall<strong>iz</strong>ed beads, andxNa 2 O-(100-x)TeO 2 (0≤x≤33.3) glasses have been investigated by XRD and Ramanspectroscopy. In the TeO 2 glass beads deformed TeO 4 tbp are connected by sharingcorners similarly as in α-TeO 2 polycrystalline material. The Raman spectra exhibit that thestructure of the xNa 2 O-(100-x)TeO 2 (0≤x≤33.3) glasses is composed of both TeO 4 tbpand TeO 3 tp while the fraction of TeO 3 tp increases with increasing Na 2 O content. Thechanges in the glass structure with increasing Na 2 O content are a result of Te⎯O⎯Tedisruption and the formation of non-bridging oxygens (NBO). The XRD and Ramanspectra for the xNa 2 O-(100-x)TeO 2 (0≤x≤33.3) crystall<strong>iz</strong>ed compositions show that thecomposition containing 16.7, 20.0 and 25.0 mol% Na 2 O crystall<strong>iz</strong>ed to α-TeO 2 andNa 2 Te 4 O 9 crystalline phases. Comparing the Raman spectra of glasses and crystall<strong>iz</strong>edcompositions containing > 20 mol% Na 2 O it was shown that the local structure of glassesdiffers from the structure of their crystalline counterparts.Presented on:6 th ESG ConferenceMontpellier, France, 2.-6. June 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Andrea Moguš-MilankovićProject No. 0098027161
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 154SYNTHESIS AND MESOGENIC PROPERTIES OF DIMERICMOLECULES WITH ALKYLENE SPACERMaja Šepelj a , Andreja Lesac a , Duncan W. Bruce ba Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatiab School of Chemistry, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UKInspired by the current research in the field of achiral banana-shaped molecules withferroelectric properties [1-4], four series of dimeric molecules with alkylene spacer I-IVwere prepared. The aim of this work was to study the odd-even effect of the spacer andthe influence of the chain length on the liquid-crystalline properties of preparedcompounds. According to the texture all the compounds display mesogenic properties.Generally, compounds with even number of carbon atoms in the spacer behave like rodswhile compounds with odd number show the properties characteristic of bent-shapedmolecules. Their mesogenic behaviour in relation to odd-even number of carbon atoms inthe spacer and different chain length will be discussed.Presented on:20 th International Liquid Crystal ConferenceLjubljana, Slovenia, July, 4-9, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vladimir VinkovićProject No. 0098051162
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 155ANNUAL VARIATIONS IN CELL VOLUMES OF SEDIMENTBACTERIA IN COASTAL ADRIATIC SEAŠestanović, Stefanija; Šolić, Mladen; Krstulović, Nada.Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Dubrovnik, CroatiaThe changes in specific volume of bacteria as well as their morphological diversity werestudied in sediments of one coastal station in middle Adriatic Sea. The uppermost 10cmof sediment was collected with a piston corrrer monthly, from January to December 2000.Bacteria were dislodged from the sediment particles by ultrasonic treatment, and theirvolumes were estimated with epifluorescence microscopy. The cells were grouped intomorphological categories and further classified into 35 s<strong>iz</strong>e classes. Bacterial cell volumefluctuated from 0, 056um3 in April to 0, 789um3 in December. Rods accounted for thegreatest numerical proportions in total bacterial biovolume, especially during wintermonths (72%). The proportion of cocci in total cell volume fluctuated from 2% to 36%,and was greatest during summer. Filamentous forms contributed to total volume from12% to 26%. The most numerous bacterial s<strong>iz</strong>e class was the 0, 025mm3 including 21,54% of total volume. The cells smaller than 0, 01um3 accounted for 64% of total volume.This study provides the first data on bacteria in sediments in the Adriatic Sea along theeastern coast.Presented on:First FEMS Congress of European MicrobiologistsLjubljana, Slovenija, 2003,Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Frano KršinićProject No. 0001001163
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 156SEASONAL CHANGES IN DENSITY AND BIOMASS OF CILIATEDPROTOZOA IN THE EUTROPHICATED PART OF KAŠTELA BAY(Middle Adriatic)Bojanić, N.Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Dubrovnik, CroatiaSeasonal distribution of the ciliated protozoa was studied in the eastern part of theKaštela Bay from May 1998 until November 1999. Besides the abundance, we calculatedbiovolume of ciliates applying geometrical method and transformed those values intocarbon biomass. These are the first data for annual variability of non-loricate ciliates andtintinnines in eutrophicated area of the Kaštela Bay. The biomass data are the first for themiddle Adriatic and one of very few for the whole Adriatic Sea. The ciliates showed peaksin spring and autumn, what was primarily influenced by seasonal distribution oftintinnines. This group participated in total ciliate number and biomass with 40.48% and60.02%, respectively. Quantitatively dominant tintinnine species were Helicostomellasubulata and Codonellopsis schabi, that could have importance in microbial food web incoastal ecosystems. The highest tintinnine density was 4278 ind.l -1 , while their averagebiomass oscillated from 0.611 to 26.557 µgC l -1 . Annual variability of the non-loricatedensity was influenced by changes in numbers of the second (10 3 -10 4 µm 3 ) and the third(10 4 -10 5 µm 3 ) s<strong>iz</strong>e categories and the biomass variability with the organisms >10 4 µm 3 .Maximal average density and biomass of non-loricates were 1430 ind.l -1 and 3.925 µgC l -1 , respectively.High abundance and biomass values of investigated zooplankton groups point theimportance of these organisms in the secondary production in the Bay, indicating thatthey could act as crucial factor in control of populations of nano and pico phytoplanktonand heterotrophic nanoflagellates as well as a prey for larger micrometazoans.Presented on:4 th European congress of protistology and 10 th European conference on ciliate biology,San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy, 31.8. - 5.9. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Frano KršinićProject No. 0001001164
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 157STRUCTURE-INHIBITION RELATIONSHIP IN THE INTERACTION OFCHOLINESTERASES FROM MAMMALIAN SPECIES WITHBAMBUTEROL, HALOXON AND THEIR LEAVING GROUPSŠinko, Goran; Bosak, Anita; Kovarik, Zrinka; Simeon-Rudolf, VeraInstitute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, CroatiaThe rate of progressive inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; EC 3.1.1.8) by haloxon(O, O-di-(2-chloroethyl)-O-(3-chloro-4-methylcoumarin-7-yl) phosphate) and bambuterol(5-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-m-phenylene-bis(dimethylcarbamate)hydrochloride), reveals differences in inhibition between horse, human and mouse BChE.Inhibition of horse BChE by bambuterol (k i = 2.1 x 10 5 min -1 M -1 ) was about 25-fold slowerthan that of human or mouse BChE, whereas the inhibition of horse BChE by haloxon (k i= 1.2 x 10 7 min -1 M -1 ) was about 2-3-fold slower than that of human or mouse BChE. 3-Chloro-7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (CHMC), the leaving group of haloxon, has a similaraffinity for both horse and mouse BChE and 100-fold lower affinity for human BChE. AlsoCHMC has for all studied BChEs higher affinity than terbutaline. Terbutaline, the leavinggroup of bambuterol, has 9-fold higher affinity for human BChE than for mouse BChE.Haloxon and the planar CHMC are better BChE inhibitors than bambuterol andterbutaline, and this could be explained partially by their less bulky structure andtherefore an easier access to the catalytic center of the enzyme. Horse, human andmouse BChE primary structures were aligned. The alignment showed that horse BChEshares 90% of amino acid sequence with human BChE and 82% with mouse BChE. Thesequence alignments together with the three-dimensional BChE structure point out thatthree residues inside the active site at positions 69, 277 and 285 might be important forthe differences in the inhibition of these three BChE species.Presented on:VIII International Meeting on Cholinesterases,Perugia, Italy 26.-30. 09. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Vera SimeonProject No. 0022014165
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 158KINETICS OF INTERACTION OF ETHOPROPAZINE ENENTIOMERSWITH BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE ANDACETYLCHOLINESTERASEŠinko, Goran 1 ; Radić, Zoran 2 ; Simeon-Rudolf, Vera 1 ; Reiner, Elsa 1 ; Taylor, Palmer 21 Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia2 Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California,USAThe association and dissociation rates of (+)-ethopropazine and (-)-ethopropazine withwild-type mouse and horse butyrylcholinesterases (BChE), and mutant mouseacetylcholinesterase (AChE) were studied in order to analyze elements of stereoselectivity in two similar but distinct enzyme templates. Reaction traces at 23 °C in 0.1 Mphosphate buffer pH 7.0 were recorded in millisecond time frame using AppliedPhotophysics stopped-flow apparatus equipped with fluorescence detection. Dissociationrate constants evaluated for BChEs were three to four-fold faster for (-)-enantiomer (130min -1 vs. 30 min -1 for horse BChE), while association rate constants for enantiomers weresimilar (1.4 nM -1 min -1 vs. 1.0 nM -1 min -1 for horse BChE), resulting in lower equilibriumdissociation constant and better binding of (+)-ethopropazine with BChE. In the AChEtemplate the preferential binding of (+)-ethopropazine was observed with Tyr337Alamutant, but with an order of magnitude greater stereo specificity. Binding preference forTyr124Gln AChE mutant, however, was inversed and (-)-ethopropazine (Kd of about 1.8µM ) bound several fold better than (+)-enantiomer. Inhibition of enzymic acetylthiocholinehydrolysis by ethopropazine enantiomers yielded equilibrium inhibition constants similarto equilibrium dissociation constants derived from stopped-flow rate measurements. Inconclusion, active center gorge of AChE, lined with larger number of aromatic residuesthan the gorge of BChE, provides narrower and more stereo selective environment forbinding of ethopropazine.Presented on:XI th International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms-Function and Disfunction & 2 ndMisrahi Symposium on Neurobiology,St. Moritz, Sw<strong>iz</strong>erland, 5.-9. 05. 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Vera SimeonProject No. 0022014166
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 159HORSE BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION WITHETHOPROPAZINE ENANTIOMERS : TEMPERATURE INFLUENCEON STEREOSELECTIVITYŠinko, Goran; Simeon, Vera.Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, CroatiaReversible inhibition of horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, EC 3.1.1.8) withethopropazine (10-(2-diethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine hydrochloride) enantiomers wasstudied at 12, 25 and 37 °C. Enzyme activity was measured with acetylthiocholine assubstrate. The binding constants of ethopropazine and BChE evaluated from the degreeof enzyme inhibition as a function of the substrate concentration (0.1 - 3.0 mM) were: 3.7,2.1 and 0.9 mM -1 for the S and 9.2, 5.3 and 1.8 mM -1 for R enantiomer, at 12, 25 and 37°C, respectively. The standard enthalpies of enantiomer binding to BChE were -40 and -48 kJ/mol for S and R ethopropazine, respectively. The binding of the R enantiomerseems more exothermic by 8 kJ/mol, i.e. more favourable. Stereoselectivity, the ratio ofbinding constants at the same temperature, was 2.5 at both 12 °C and 25 °C and 2.0 at37 °C. By increasing the temperature from 12 °C to 25 °C, binding constants decreased1.7-fold, and stereoselectivity remained the same although affinity was lower. Frominhibition experiments, the enzyme-substrate dissociation constants K(s) were alsoderived. At 12 and 25°C the same K(s) values were obtained with both enantiomers: 0.6mM at 12°C and 1.2 mM at 25°C. At 37°C, K(s) values were 3.7 and 5.3 mM from theexperiments with S and R ethopropazine, respectively. A drop in stereoselectivity at 37°C indicates a change in enzyme-inhibitor interactions. The binding of enantiomers toBChE seems to be enthalpy driven, which means that stereoselectivity increases withdecreasing temperature.Presented on:HUPO 2 nd Annual & IUBMB XIX World CongressMontreal, Canada: 8.-11. 10. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Vera SimeonProject No. 0022014167
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 160ANTHROPOGENIC LEAD IN SOILS AND LAKE SEDIMENTS FROMTHE CROATIAN KARSTŠPARICA, Martina; MIKO, Slobodan; MESIĆ, Saša; PEH, Zoran; PROHIĆ, EsadInstitute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaAtmospherically introduced high lead concentrations in soils of Croatian karst occur alongthe sharp geomorphological boundary along which the Mediterranean climate abruptlychanges into a cold continental climate. To trace the history of anthropogenic,atmospheric lead pollution, analysis of soils from the region as well as cores from thekarst lake Vrana on the island of Cres were performed. The area affected Pb pollutioncovers most of the mountain karst region. Detailed studies of the Pb distribution in theprofiles showed concentrations of lead in remote regions up to 200 mgkg-1 in the upper 4cm of the soil profiles. The changes in soil chemistry due to acid rain deposition weredetermined with the aid of Al, Fe, Si, Mn phase extractions. Water extractable Pbconcentrations from up to 727 µgL-1 in the top hor<strong>iz</strong>ons usually fall to less than 5 µgL-1 atdepths below 25 cm. The isotopic ratio 206Pb/207Pb in all topsoil samples from bothremote sites and those close to major roads, has a narrow range from 1.18 to 1.185.Samples taken at depths of 1m show a much wider range from 1.21 to 1.32. Road sideand sinkholes soils, have 206Pb/207Pb ratios from 1.125 to 1.14 a direct influence ofpetrol-lead. The lake sediments in a 80 cm long core show a 206Pb/207Pb ratio declinefrom 1.24 to 1.17 in the upward direction, reflecting the low ratio in modem aerosols.Using both total and mobile Pb (and other selected elements) concentrations in soils andthe difference in lead isotope ratios in a sensitive karst environment, where a major partof pollution occurs through atmospheric deposition, it was possible to gain insight to boththe history and the extent of lead pollution in this part of the Mediterranean region.Presented on:6th International Symposium on Environmental GeochemistryEdinburgh, UK, 6.-12. 09. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip HalamićProject No. 0181006168
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 161MODIFICATION OF THE WIND FIELD DUE TO EFFECTS OF THEHYPOTETICAL EXTENSION OF RIJEKATelišman Prtenjak, Maja; Bencetić Klaić, ZvjezdanaFaculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAs the coastal urban population increases in the Croatia, a permanent motivation for acomprehensive investigation of the urban influence on the local meteorological conditionsis necessary. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to evaluate the urban influence of a townRijeka on the wind field, which is situated in the Northern part of the Adriatic Sea. SinceRijeka is situated in the complex coastal terrain, Rijeka area represents a region of thevery complex wind regime where an interaction among sea/land breezes, urban heatisland circulation and mountain and slope winds exists. For this purpose, a threedimensionalnonhydrostatic MEsoscale MOdel (MEMO6) is used to study possible effectsof urban area on the daytime wind regime. To minim<strong>iz</strong>e the effects of the large scalewind, the summertime anticyclonic weather situation was selected. Apart from the currentstate simulation, we performed two additional numerical simulations for the same inputparameters. The first simulation was done without any urban points, which describeRijeka urban area. The second simulation describes a hypothetical widening of Rijekatown and results showed a possible urban influence on the wind field.Presented on:The Fifth International Conference on Urban ClimateLodz, Poljska, 1-5 September 2003Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Mirko OrlićProject No. 0119330169
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 162SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN HYDROGEOLOGICALRELATIONS ON KARSTIFIED ADRIATIC ISLANDS IN CROATIA –CASE STUDY ON ISLANDS OF VIS, PREMUDA, SILBA, ILOVIK ANDMOLATTERZIĆ, J.Institute of Geology, Zagreb, CroatiaThere has been an extensive research program on numerous smaller Adriatic islandsgoing on in Croatia recently. These islands are mainly built of karstified limestones. Theresearch is comprised of the following methods:- hydrogeological and structural geological mapping- geophysical methods (such as geoelectrical LIS and seismic refraction profiling)- exploratory drilling with measurement of parameters along borehole- pumping test- hydrochemical analysisBased on the new data interpretation, together with previously known facts, somehydrogeological similarities were identified, as well as some differences typical forkarstified terrains. There are limited catchment areas on these small islands (7-15km2),so the research project demands relatively low amount of salt/fresh water mixture (2-11l/s) for further desalination. Hydrological balance allows infiltration and accumulation ofthese amounts. Examples of hydrogeological models on small islands of Premuda, Silba,Ilovik and Molat are shown and compared with bigger island - Vis (90km2), where potablegroundwater exploitation (above 20 l/s) exists for decades.Based on the pumping test data it's also possible to conclude that karstified rock mass onsome terrains behaves like continuum (in approximation and based on scale effects) sogroundwater in these aquifers flows somewhat according to the Darcy's low, and that saltwater/fresh water contact can be described with the Ghyben-Herzberg's low, to someextent. Interpretation of all available data led to conclusion that groundwater on the islandof Vis is completely potable, and sea water doesn't spread under the whole island. Seawater on Vis forms wedge under fresh water layer, which penetrates in island hinterland -deeper through main fault zones, but never deep enough to pollute aquifer sited in themiddle of the island. Pumping tests data interpretation shows that there has to berelatively impermeable base rock under karstified aquifer, but not as deep as it wasbelieved before, maybe a few tens of meters below sea level. On smaller islands thesituation differs. If hydraulic conductivity of the rock mass is big enough for pumpingconsiderable amount of the groundwater, there is always sea water present underneathit, under whole island. Fresh water overlays sea water in a shape that can beapproximated as lens. There is wide transition zone between fresh and salt water,recogn<strong>iz</strong>ed with both geophysical and hydrochemical measuring.Presented on: 32 nd International Geological CongressFirenza – Italy, 20 – 28.08.2004.Principal Investigator :Dr.sc. Ante PavičićProject No. 0181002170
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 163EXPRESSION OF HSP70 ISOFORMS IN LEMNA MINOR EXPOSEDTO CADMIUM AND SALINITYTkalec M 1 , Balen B 1 , Fulgosi H 2 , Vidaković-Cifrek Ž 1 , Regula I 11 Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia2 Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaIntroduction: Heat shock proteins belonging to the HSP70 family have been proposed asa biochemical marker of environmental stress because they are induced by a broadrange of stress factors (Neumann et al., 1994). Lemna minor is aquatic macrophytewidely used for toxicity evaluation due to numerous advantages, but mostly growthparameters have been used (Lewis 1995). The objective of this study was to determineexpression of HSP70 in Lemna minor exposed to haevy metal and salinity.Material and Methods: Duckweed Lemna minor was grown 14 days in axenic andcontrolled conditions on media with 0.01 mM CdCl 2 or 100 mM NaCl. Plant extracts weremade in Tris/HCl buffer pH 8.0 (Staples and Stahmann 1964) and protein content wasdetermined (Bradford 1976). Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE (Laemmli 1970) andelectroblotted to nitrocellulose membranes (Towbin et al., 1979). Membranes wereprobed with a polyclonal antibody to plant HSP70.Results and conclusion: Western blot analysis of plants grown 14 days in presence of0.01 mM cadmium or 100 mM NaCl showed expression of two HSP70 isoforms, 80 kDaand 78 kDa. In control plants as well as in plants shortly exposed to stresses (6 days)only isoform of 80 kDa was noticed. Our results suggest that expression of HSP70 iscommon response to different stresses so it can be used as a biochemical marker ofenvironmental stress using Lemna minor as test organism.Presented on:14 th Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant BiologyKrakow, Poland, 23. - 27. August 2004.Principal investigator : Dr.sc. Branka Pevalek-KozlinaProject No. 0119155171
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 164EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON PHOTOSYNTHESISM. Tkalec 1 , K. Malarić 2 , R. Malarić 2 , I. Leniček 2 , B. Pevalek-Kozlina 11) Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia,2) Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Croatia,The effect of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of extremely low frequencies andradiofrequencies on photosynthesis has been investigated. Unicellular green algaeChlorella kessleri were exposed to the magnetic field of 50 Hz in Helmholtz coil and to theelectric field of 50 Hz between two parallel circle electrodes as well as to theelectromagnetic fields of 400 and 900 MHz in Gigahertz Transversal ElectromagneticMode cell.Exposure for 24 hours to a magnetic field of 50 Hz with density of 1 mT increased thephotosynthesis rate of Chlorella kessleri while an electric field of 50 Hz with strength of 25kVm-1 decreased both, the photosynthesis and respiration rates. Electromagnetic fieldfrequencies of 400 and 900 MHz at power level of 23 Vm-1 applied for 2 hours generallyincreased photosynthesis rate. Frequency of 400 MHz decreased respiration rate while900 MHz increased it. Obtained results showed that investigated electromagnetic fieldscould influence important processes in plants, photosynthesis and respiration.Presented on:3 rd International workshop on biological effects of electromagnetic fieldsKos, Greece, 4. - 8. October 2004.Principal investigator : Dr.sc. Branka Pevalek-KozlinaProject No. 0119155172
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 165EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE ON LEMNAMINORM. Tkalec 1 ; K. Malarić 2 ; Ž. Vidaković-Cifrek 1 ; I. Regula 11 Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Croatia2Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIncreased use of cellular phones and other sources of microwave radiation requiresinvestigations of their effects on living organisms. Such experiments have beenconducted in a GTEM-cell, which simulates free space electromagnetic field distribution.Duckweed Lemna minor L. has been commonly used as a test organism forenvironmental monitoring. In present study duckweed was exposed to the electric fieldssimilar to those of the cellular phones and the effect on growth and peroxidase activitywas evaluated. Growth of plants exposed for two hours to the electric field of 22 V/m atfrequency of 900 MHz significantly decreased in comparison with the control while theelectric field of the same strength but at frequency of 400 MHz did not have such effect.Exposure to smaller strength (10 V/m) for 14 hours at frequencies of 400, 900 and 1900MHz did not influence the growth. Regardless of the field strength, peroxidase activitywas increased immediately after the exposure to the electric field of 900 MHz whileelectric field with frequency of 400 MHz caused increase of peroxidase activity after 24hours. The field of 10 V/m at 1900 MHz did not change the peroxidase activity. Ourresults showed that electromagnetic fields of the same frequencies as those produced bymobile phones could influence plant growth but peroxidase activity was more sensitiveparameter. However, the effect of electromagnetic field strongly depends on thefrequency.Presented on:13 th Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant PhysiologyCrete, Greece, 2. – 6. rujna 2002.Principal investigator : Dr.sc. Branka Pevalek-KozlinaProject No. 0119155173
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 166GRADUAL RECRYSTALLISATION OF METAMICT FERGUSONITE: X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY STUDYTomašić, N., Gajović, A.; Bermanec, V.Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, CroatiaFergusonite mineral samples, mainly represented as YNbO 4 , are frequently metamict.Heating experiments induce crystal structure recovery, but also cause phase transitionprocesses, since fergusonite is a polymorphic substance (Wolten & Chase, 1967). X-raypowder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were employed to monitor the sequences offergusonite recrystallisation. The corresponding Raman spectra were also used to revealpossible presence of original structure remnants in the metamict mineral. Two metamictmineral samples previously identified as fergusonite were heated in air at 400, 500, 650,800, 1000 and 1300°C for 24 hours in each case. The mineral sample from Bakkane-Steane, Norway, was completely amorphous to X-rays and started to recrystallise at400°C with scheelite type structure (space group I4 1 /a) being stable up to 1000°C. At1000°C monoclinic (space group I2) β-fergusonite dominated, with the tetragonal phasestill present. At 1300°C the transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic fergusonite wascompleted. Raman spectra confirmed the gradual fergusonite recrystallisation bysharpening and intensifying of vibrational bands. The number of bands increased with thelowering of the symmetry. For the metamict mineral the vibrational bands at 779, 685,697, 310, 208 and 108 cm -1 were present indicating the residue of the original crystalstructure. At lower heating temperatures the bands were broad, but at highertemperatures reappeared more sharpened, resolved and intensified. The second mineralsample, originating from Ytterby, Sweden, was almost completely metamict, with only afew low intensity diffraction lines superimposed on the characteristic amorphousdiffraction peak. At 400°C pyrochlore phase started to recrystallise being continuouslypresent through the whole temperature range. At 1000°C the monoclic β-fergusoniteappeared with recrystalisation completed at 1300°C. Raman bands were similar to thoseof fergusonite from Bakkane-Steanne, although some of them had different intensitiesand were slightly shifted. Vibration bands were not present in the spectrum of theunheated metamict mineral. The vibrational spectra of the complex oxide structures aredifficult to calculate, but a relation to the analogous synthetic compounds (Yashima et al.,1997) could be established. McConnell et al. (1976) indicate that LO and TO Nb-Ostretching modes of niobium oxides appear in range 1010-620 cm -1 . Therefore, observedlattice vibrations reveal partial preservation of Nb-O polyhedra stacking in metamictfergusonite from Bakkane-SteanePresented on:5 th ECMS, Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft,Vienna, Austria, 30.8. - 8.9. 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vladimir BermanecProject No. 0119420174
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 167EXCESSIVE PRODUCTION OF TOXIC METHYLGLYOXAL INPATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUSZdenka Turk 1 Ina Nemet 2 , Lea Duvnjak 1 , Nikica Car 1 , Lidija Varga-Defterdarovic 21 Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Zagreb, Croatia2 Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaAim. Excessive production of toxic α-oxoaldehydes, according to non-enzymatic glycationhypothesis is linked with diabetes tissue damage. We examine hypothesis thatmethylglyoxal overproduction is effected by glycemic fluctuation. Methods. Humoralmethylglyoxal was measured by the HPLC method in 41 diabetic patients, in correlationto 9-point daily glucose profile, fasting glucose as well as early (HbA1c) and advancedglycation products (AGE). The 24-h glycemia variability was expressed as M-value aquantitative index of diurnal glucose fluctuation. Results. Methylglyoxal was in parallelanalyzed in whole blood and plasma samples of the same individual. A significantlyhigher concentrations were measured in plasma samples of both diabetic patients(n=41)(742±141 vs 409±131 nmol/l; p=0.000001) and normoglycemic controls(n=10)(520±42 vs 338±62 nmol/l; p=0.0002). Difference between plasma and wholeblood methylglyoxal in the same individual showed higher delta-MG values in diabeticpatients (346±165 vs 167±86 nmol/l; p=0.0027). Elevated methylglyoxal production wasobserved in patients with M values >20, yielding a highly significant correlation betweenM values and methylglyoxal level (whole blood: r=0.43, p=0.001; plasma: r=0.27,p=0.047). A significant negative correlation between methylglyoxal and creatinineclearance was observed (r=-0.38, p=0.019). The plasma methylglyoxal cut-off >600nmol/l (over 2SD of controls mean) discriminated patients with increased urinary albuminexcretion (353.7±738 mg/24-h, n=31) from those with normoalbuminuria (11.5±8 mg/24-h, n=10; p=0.035). Conclusion. Methylglyoxal was demonstrated to be a parametercharacter<strong>iz</strong>ed by high sensitivity to glycemic fluctuation. Higher delta-MG, i.e. differencebetween plasma and whole blood concentrations, in diabetic population versus controlsubjects might be associated with less efficient endogenous detoxification mechanismsand/or decreased elimination.Presented on:XVIIIth International Symposium on Medicinal ChemistryKopenhagen, Danska. 15-19. 08. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Štefica HorvatProject No. 0098054175
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 168ELECTRODEPOSITION OF NANOMETER SIZED NUCLEI OFCOBALT-NICKEL ALLOYS ON SILICON MONOCRYSTALM. Vazdar 1 , C. Moina 2 , M.Metikoš-Huković 11) Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Croatia2) Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Electrodeposición y Procesos Superficiales,Instituto Nacional de Technologia Industrial, CC157, B1650WAB San Martin,ArgentinaNanometer-s<strong>iz</strong>ed nuclei of Co-Ni alloys were electrodeposited on n-Si (100) electrodesfrom buffered solutions containing metallic ions. It was determined that electrodepositionoccurs via a 3D progressive nucleation mechanism. The morphology and magneticproperties of the nuclei were studied by Atomic Force Microscopy and Magnetic ForceMicroscopy, respectively. The energy levels of the interface Si/(Co(II),Ni(II)) aq weredetermined from Mott-Schottky plots. In the present work, it is shown that theelectrochemical deposition of alloys on a semiconducting substrate may be used as anespecially advantageous and economical in situ technique for production ofnanostructures important in high-technology applications, such as production ofintegrated magnetic sensors, and magnetic data storage ("hard disc"). Electrochemicalbehavior of metalurgically obtained Co-Ni alloy was investigated in 1M NaOH solution bycyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy techniques.Presented on:53rd Annual Meeting of the Intermational Society of Elecrochemistry (ISE) joint organ<strong>iz</strong>edwith GDCh-Fachgruppe Angewandte ElektrochemieDusseldorf, Germany 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mirjana Metikoš-HukovićProject No. 0125011176
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 169SYNTHESIS OF A NEW MACROCYCLIC POLYTHIAETHER-DIESTERLIGANDSINES VUJASINOVIĆ, JELENA VELJKOVIĆ, KATA-MLINARIĆ-MAJERSKIRudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaIn recent years considerable effort has been made to design syntetic complexingagents, for metal ions and charged molecules. Thiacrown ethers have been studiedchiefly for their capacity to ligate transition metal ions. They bind second- and third- rowtransiton metal ions and generally stabil<strong>iz</strong>e the lower oxidation states of these ions 1 .Various modifications have been made to the basic crown thiaether structures in attemptto enhance the selectivity of these ligands and the stabilities of complex formed. Amongthese modifications are the inclusion of ester linkages 2 and polycyclic moietys 3 in thepolyether ring.We describe here the synthesis of several new macrocyclic polythiaether-diestercompounds, containing the 1,3-bridged adamantyl moiety which function as a rigidifying‘’spacer’’ and also serves to confer a degree of preorgan<strong>iz</strong>ation upon the macrocyclicthiaether (Scheme 1).We also highlight the use of novel family of stannanthianes as activated dithiols for theefficient preparation of macrocyclic thialactones.Presented on:Internacional Conference on Supramolecular SciencePrague, Chech Republic, September 5 - 9. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Kata MajerskiProject No. 0098052177
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 170PHASE DIAGRAM OF THE q1D cuprates Sr14-xCaxCu24O41T. VuleticPhysic Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaSr14-xCaxCu24O41 materials are composed of alternating layers of CuO2 chains andCu2O3 twoleg ladder layers. The spin gaps are found to induce the activated temperaturedependence of the spin-lattice NMR relaxation rate and the Knight shift in both the chainand the ladder subsystems. We character<strong>iz</strong>ed the charge response by dc electricaltransport, low-frequency dielectric spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy. We identified aphase transition from hightemperature insulating phase into the charge-density wave(CDW) phase which develops on the ladder subsystem. Calcium doping suppresses thisphase. The transition temperature decreases from 210 K for x=0 to 10 K for x=9, and theCDW gap from 1300 K down to 30 K, respectively. This suppression is due to theworsened nesting because the inter-ladder hopping integrals increase, and due todisorder introduced at the Sr sites. Our results show that at high doping levels, x>9, theCDW order fully vanishes, while a finite spin gap is still present. For even higher dopings,x=11.5, external pressure then suppresses an insulating high temperature phase andestablishes superconductivity. These results altogether speak in favor of twodimensionalsuperconductivity under pressure.Presented on:International school of solid state physics, 30th workshop: Symmetry and heterogeneity inhigh temperature superconductorsErice, Italy, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Silvia TomićProject No. 0035015178
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 171NONISOVALENT La SUBSTITUTION IN Sr14-y-x LayCaxCu24O41:SWITCHING THE TRANSPORT FROM LADDERS TO CHAINST. Vuletic 1 , T. Ivek 1 , B. Korin-Hamzic 1 , S. Tomic 1 , B. Gorshunov 2,3 , P. Haas 2 , T.Rõõm 2 ,M. Dressel 2 , J. Akimitsu 4 , T. Sasaki 4 and T. Nagata 41) Physic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia2) 1.Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany3) General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia4) Dept.of Physics, Aoyama-Gakuin University, Kanagawa, JapanWe have studied the electric transport of the chain/ladder Sr14-y-xLayCaxCu24O41quasi-one-dimensional (q1D) cuprates by dc resistivity, low frequency dielectric andoptical spectroscopy. Stoichiometry indicates a maximum of six holes per formula unit,dh=6, which is reduced by non-isovalent La substitution y, dh=6-y. X-ray absorption(NEXAFS) experiments [1] have shown that for dh=5 all holes reside in the chains, whilefor dh=6 at least one hole is transferred from the chains to the ladders. In the formermaterials we found [2] that dc conductivity sdc(T) follows Mott’s variable range hoppinglaw, which changes to nearest-neighbor hopping above Tco˜ 300 K, character<strong>iz</strong>ed bysimple activation, Fig.1. This indicates that for dh=5 chains behave as a 1D disorderdriven insulator, while for dh=6 they cross over into a charge-ordered (CO) state [3]. TheCO phase in the chains coexists with charge-density wave (CDW) in the ladders [4,5].The high temperature (HT) phase, above the transition into the CDW ground state, isinsulating due to strong electron-electron interactions. Room temperature ladderresistivity in this HT phase for dh=6 is at least 30 times lower than the extrapolated one inthe chains for dh=5, Fig.1. These findings confirm that the ladders behave as a q1Dsystem with mobile carriers. However, the way how the transport switches from thechains to the ladders in 5< dh
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 172DIELECTRIC SPECTROSCOPY OF GENOMIC DNA SOLUTIONST.Vuletic 1 ,*, S.Tomic 1 , S.Dolanski Babic 2 , S.Krca 3 , D.Ivankovic 3 , L.Griparic 41) Physic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia2) School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia3) Rudjer Boškovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia4) Dept. of Biological Chemistry, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USABackground/aim: The transport of electrical signals in bio-materials, and in particular inthe key biological molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), on a molecular scale is offundamental interest in the life sciences. The highly anisotropic structure of DNA impliesthat the conduction process should be extremely sensitive to the internal structure and tothe local environment of the DNA double helix. The aim of this research is to contribute inrevealing the dynamical properties of native DNA as a function of its aqueousenvironment, like electrolyte concentration, counter-ion and pH. Methods: We employedlow frequency dielectric spectroscopy in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 100 MHz(LFDS) in conjunction with home-made chamber for samples in solution.LFDS is a non-destructive tool, which can be used for detecting and quantifying thepolar<strong>iz</strong>ation response of DNA in liquid environment. Because DNA is a highly chargedmolecule, in an applied low-frequency ac electric field, its polar<strong>iz</strong>ation response, incombination with the motion of the surrounding ions, can be substantial. Results: Thehome-made chamber is designed for measurement of liquid samples of small volume, 50-200 mL, having conductivity in the range of 2- 2000 mS/cm. Temperature stabil<strong>iz</strong>ation is±10 mK in the range of -20 - +60 oC. Reproducibility is 1.5% and the measured samplestability is achieved on the time scale of 2 hours. We will show results obtained on (1) awide concentration range of salmon sperm Na-DNA solutions in pure water, and on (2) awide concentration range of pure lyophil<strong>iz</strong>ed (no buffer) calf thymus DNA solutions inpure water and in NaCl electrolyte. Conclusions: We discuss the possible assignmentsof observed relaxation modes taking into account the value and the concentrationdependence of the dielectric relaxation parameters obtained from fits to the general<strong>iz</strong>edDebye function (the dielectric strength, the central relaxation time and the distribution ofrelaxation times).Presented on:The 5^th International Conference on Biological Physics,Gothenburg, Sweden, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Silvia TomićProject No. 0035015180
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 173BIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF GILT SARDINE, SARDINELLA AURITAVALENCIENNES, 1847, IN THE EASTERN ADRIATIC SEABarbara Zorica, Gorenka Sinovčić, Marijana Franičević; Vanja Čikeš KečInstitute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, CroatiaBiometrical characters of gilt sardine, Sardinella aurita, were analysed using randomsamples from the eastern part of the Adriatic Sea from October 2000 to February 2002.The total length of 769 gilt sardine specimens ranged between 8.0 and 28.4 cm. Thelength-weight relationship was W=0.0034TL 3.214 , and positive allometry was established.Presented on:37th Congres CIESMBarcelona, Spain, 7-11 June 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Gorenke SinovčićProject No. 0001003181
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.182
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTIP-174 → P-371183
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.184
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 174A LOW-POWER AUTOMATED MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FORPULSED EDDY CURRENT BASED INSPECTION OF OIL-WELLCASINGDavorin Ambruš 1 , Vedran Bilas 2 , Darko Vasić 21 Brodarski Institut d.o.o., Zagreb, Croatia2 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThis paper presents a design of a multichannel measurement system for nondestructiveinspection of oil-well casing's mechanical properties (i.e. tube wall thickness and innerdiameter), employing pulsed eddy current (PEC) technique. A specific feature of thesystem is its operation in high-temperature environment (typically up to 175°C), whichrequires simple and robust circuits, low part-count probe design, low power consumptionand proper automated measurement algorithms to ensure reliable operation. Based onour previous work on PEC method, we propose an inspection tool, consisted of a simple,low-length three-coil probe, switch-mode power conditioning and transmitter excitationunit, and a low-power data acquisition and telemetry circuit. Preliminary results of ourhigh temperature functional tests confirm reliable operation of the inspection tool andprovide additional verification of the previously proposed PEC methodology formeasurements in harsh environments.Presented on:IMEKO TC-4 – Technical Committe on Measurement of Electrical QuantitiesAthens, Greece September 29 – October 1, 2004Dr.sc. Stanko TonkovićProject No. 0036007185
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 175A HIGH-TEMPERATURE LOW-COST ROTATIONAL SPEEDTRANSDUCTER FOR OIL-WELL TELEMETRYDavorin Ambruš 1 , Vedran Bilas 2 , Darko Vasić 21 Brodarski Institut d.o.o., Zagreb, Croatia2 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaHigh-temperature environment of an oil-well requires reliable downhole instrumentation,typically based on simple and robust circuits, low power consumption and smartmeasurement algorithms. In this paper, we present electronic design and measurementmethodology for a simple, low-cost rotational speed transducer, optim<strong>iz</strong>ed for downholespinner-flowmeter application and multichannel telemetry. We have developed andexperimentally evaluated an effective algorithm for direction-sensitive rotational speedmeasurement, which combines quadrature pulse decoding with the method of dependantcount. The algorithm employs temperature compensation techniques, making it suitablefor low-cost high-temperature circuit designs. Our preliminary results confirm reliableoperation of the transducer, targeted at high-temperature, short-term oil-well loggingapplications.Presented on:IMTC 2004 – Instrumentation and Measurement Technology ConferenceComo, Italy May 18 – 20, 2004Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Stanko TonkovićProject No. 0036007186
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 176PULSED EDDY CURRENT NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OFFERROMAGNETIC TUBESDavorin Ambruš 1 , Darko Vasić 2 , Vedran Bilas 21) Brodarski Institut, Zagreb, Croatia2) Faculty of electrical engineering and computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn sinusoidal eddy current nondestructive testing (NDT) of thick ferromagnetic tubes, wallthickness is measured with the coils displaced for 2-3 tube diameters (remote field eddycurrent technique). The tube inner diameter is measured at higher frequency with anotherpair of coils displaced for around 1 tube diameter (electrical caliper). In this paper we givea thorough analysis of the excitation frequency and the distance between the coils formeasurement of the tube inner diameter and wall thickness as a background for theapplication of pulsed eddy current (PEC). We propose application of one pair of coilsdisplaced for 1-2 tube diameters for measurement of those tube parameters employingthe features of response to the pulsed excitation. Results of our experimental workconfirm that PEC technique provides a significant improvement of present eddy currentsystems for NDT of the ferromagnetic tubes.Presented on:20 th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology ConferenceVail, CO, USA, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Tihomir ŠtimacProject no. 0192011187
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 177INVESTIGATION AND RESTORATION 300 YEARS OLD LEATHERWALL-PAPERŽeljko Bajza 1 ; Petra Hitrec 1 ; Marko Mužic 1 ; Dubravka Medić 1 ; Ante Hraste 2 ;Srebrenka Nejedli 2 ; Dragica Krstić 31) Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Croatia2) Faculty of Veterinarian Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia3) Croatian Restoration Institute, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn this paper we carried out tests on old leathers. These leathers were in fact old leatherwallpaper dating to late 17. Century, from St. Peter and Paul's church in Sveti Petar uŠumi in Istria. Tests that were carried out were according to standard methods andparameters determined were moisture and fat content, pH and pH difference values. IRspectral analysis was done and microscopic snapshots of cryostatically prepared testsamples were taken. At the same time tests were being done on a new piece of leather(chromium tanned calf/bovine leather). Based on the results of testing we made theconclusion on general state in which leather wallpaper was found (small moisture and fatcontent and stiffness). Based on the microscopic snapshots we made the conclusion onthe kind of leather the wallpaper is made of. IR analysis showed us that the basicstructure of the leather is after all these years for the most part still intact. Formalsuggestion was made on the ways to preserve this leather wallpaper as a pricelesscultural heritage.Presented on:XII. INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF LEATHER AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES,Budapest, Hungary. 9-11 October, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Željko BajzaProject No. 0125053188
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 178A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OFTOOT ROOT STRESSES IN HIGH TRANSVERSE CONTACT RATIOGEARSRobert BASAN, Neven LOVRIN, Božidar KRIŽANFaculty of Engineering, Universiti of Rijeka, CroatiaHigh transverse contact ratio gears (abbr. HCR-gears), are non-standard involute spurgears with a transverse contact ratio ε α > 2. This paper deals with the analysis andmethods of determination of tooth root stresses in external HCR-gearing with theoreticallyaccurate profile. Results of previously developed load sharing and tooth root stressescalculation method have been compared with the results of the DIN 3990 method andresults of the finite element method contact analysis (FEA). Analysis has revealed thatresults of own calculation method are in good agreement with numericaly obtained valuesand it also confirmed that sugested method is significantly more accurate and reliablethan standard DIN 3990 method.Presented on:The Eleventh International Conference on Machine Design and Production – UMTIK2004Antalya, Turkey, 13 - 15 October 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Božidar KrižanProject No. 0069019189
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 179BENEFICIATION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRIC FURNACE SLAGGordan Bedeković, Branko Salopek, Ivan SobotaFaculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaSlag is formed in the metallurgical production of iron and steel. A distinction should bemade between blast furnace slag and open-hearth and electric furnace slag. In theRepublic of Croatia blast furnace slag was not stockpiled. It was sold direct from thecurrent production. At the same time, electric furnace slag was stockpiled close to steelworks and foundries. The beneficiation and util<strong>iz</strong>ation of slag would help to improvesanitary conditions of the existing stockpiles and, on the other hand, an aggregate wouldbe offered, which could substitute natural aggregates (gravel and technical stone) inmany cases. The paper describes the beneficiation technology of slag and its possibleutil<strong>iz</strong>ation fields.Presented on:6 th International Conference on Environment and Mineral ProcessingOstrava, Czech Republic, June 27-29, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko SalopekProject No. 0195039190
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 180COMPARISON OF FLOTATION COLUMN AND MECHANICAL CELLIN COAL FLOTATIONGordan Bedeković, Branko Salopek, Ivan SobotaFaculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaFlotation is universal method to fine coal processing. Selectivity and efficiency of flotationdepends not only on surface characteristics of particles, but also on hydrodinamiccondition in flotation cell. The goal of the research was to compare flotation column andconventional mechanical flotation cell in coal flotation. The tests was carried out in bothflotation cells in the same conditions. The results indicated that the mechanical cells hasgreater recovery, whereas the flotation column has a considerably better selectivity sinceit provides a concentrate of better quality.Presented on:8 th International Conference on Environment and Mineral Processing,Ostrava, Czech Republic, June 24-26, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko SalopekProject No. 0195039191
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 181DEVELOPMENT OF CONCRETE THROUGH CENTURIESBjegović, Dubravka; Skazlić, Marijan; Balić, Martina;Faculty of Civil Engineering, Univers<strong>iz</strong>y of Zagreb, CroatiaThe development of concrete technology through several centuries is systematicallypresented. Until the middle of last century, the strength of concrete was considered to bethe property of highest significance for practical use. Experts attempted to relate all otherproperties to the strength. Development of new concrete types character<strong>iz</strong>ed by high andvery high strength and performance is described and it is emphas<strong>iz</strong>ed that theirdevelopment resulted from increasingly strict durability requirements. It is expected thatthe so called “ ; ; smart concrete” ; ; will be developed in the 21st century. This new typeof concrete is expected to solve some of the difficulties currently experienced with theabove mentioned technologies.Presented on:16th International Conference on Production ResearchPrague, Czech Republic, 29.7.-3.8.2001.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Dubravka BjegovićProject No. 0082209192
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 182STATISTICAL METHODS IN ION CHROMATOGRAPHYT. BolančaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn many situations information about two or more associated variables is obtained inorder to study their relationship. Depending on the nature of the variables, theinvestigation is carried out either by regression analysis or by correlation analysis.Regresion analysis is used to study relationship between two or more variables. Therelationship is expressed as a mathematical function which can also be used forpredicting one variable from the knowledge of the other(s). Model of regression analysiswhich is appropriate for examining dependence of a random variable (the dependentvariable or response variable) on a variable which can be controlled or can be prescaled(the independent or prediction variable is frequently used in ion chromatographyvalidation procedure.Presented on:6 th International School of Ion ChromatographyLipica, Slovenia, 26. -29. March, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Štefica Cerjan-StefanovićProject No. 0125016193
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 183APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR METHODDEVELOPMENT IN ION CHROMATOGRAPHYT. Bolanča; Š. Cerjan – Stefanović; M. NovičFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn this work the possibilities of application of artificial neural networks for methoddevelopment in ion chromatography has been investigated. By using experimental designmethods the experimental part of the work was planed, and obtained experimental resultswere used for development of the retention model in ion chromatography.Following chromatography set-up was applied: Dionex DX500 chromatography system(Sunnyvale, CA, USA) equipped with quartenary gradient pump (GP50), eluent generatormodule (EG40), chromatography module (LC25) and detector module (ED40).Separation and suppressor columns used were Dionex IonPac AG15 (4x50 mm) guardcolumn, IonPac AS15 (4x250 mm) separation column and ASRS-ULTRA-4mmsuppressor column, working in recycle mode, were used, respectively. The sample-loopvolume was 50 µl. The whole system was computer controlled through PeakNet 5.1software. Retention model was developed for analysis of inorganic anions: fluoride,chloride, nitrite, sulphate, bromide, nitrate, phosphate, and it includes following ionchromatographic parameters: eluent flow rate and eluent composition. Multi layered feedforward artificial neural networks trained with a Levenberg - Marquardt batch error backpropagation algorithm was used for development of retention model. Following neuralnetwork parameters were optim<strong>iz</strong>ed: number of hidden layer neurones, number ofiteration steps and minimal number of experimental data in training set. Developedretention model was validated with external experimental data set (experimental resultswhich are not used for models development) and used for optim<strong>iz</strong>ation of ionchromatographic system. The program for neural network was made by the authors in theMATLAB environment (MATLAB 6.0, MathWorks, Sherborn, MA, USA). All thecalculations were performed on the IBM compatible personal computer equipped with2400 MHz Pentium IV processor, and 512 Mb RAM.In order to obtain good optim<strong>iz</strong>ationresults, several criteria separation functions were used, different in terms of mathematicalformulations as well as in terms of chemical interpretations. Finally it is shown thatoptim<strong>iz</strong>ed ion chromatographic method can be applied for the analysis of wastewatergenerated in fertil<strong>iz</strong>er industry Peretrokemija d.d., Kutina, Croatia.Presented on:16 th Annual International Ion Chromatography SymposiumSan Diego, USA, 21.-24. September, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Štefica Cerjan-StefanovićProject No. 0125016194
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 184A SYNTHESIZED FRAMEWORK FOR FORMAL VERIFIKATION OFCOMPUTING SYSTEMSBogunović, Nikola; Grudenić, Igor; Pek, EdgarFaculty of electrical engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaDesign process of computing systems gradually evolved to a level that encompassesformal verification techniques. However, the integration of formal verification techniquesinto a methodical design procedure has many inherent miscomprehensions andproblems. The paper explicates the discrepancy between the real system implementationand the abstracted model that is actually used in the formal verification procedure.Particular attention is paid to the seamless integration of all phases of the verificationprocedure that encompasses definition of the specification language and denotation andexecution of conformance relation between the abstracted model and its intendedbehavior. The concealed obstacles are exposed, computationally expensive stepsidentified and possible improvements proposed.Presented on:International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technologies (CCT2003)Orlando, USA, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Leo BudinProject No. 0036051195
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 185VERIFICATION OF MUTUAL EXCLUSION ALGORITHMS WITH SMVSYSTEMBogunović, Nikola; Pek, EdgarFaculty of electrical engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaMutual exclusion algorithms can exhibit intricate behavior for which correctness can behard to establish. We demonstrate automatic verification of five algorithms by symbolicmodel checking. We used SMV tool which enables property specification in computationtree logic and allow us to impose fairness constraints on a model. For each of thealgorithm we verify safety, liveness, non-blocking and no strict ordering properties.Presented on:Eurocon 2003, Computer as a tool, 22-24.09.2003.Ljubljana, Slovenija.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Leo BudinProject No. 0036051196
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 186FIRE RESISTANCE OF STEEL STRUCTURESIvica Boko, Bernardin PerošFaculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Split, CroatiaFire resistance of load-bearing structures, particularly steel ones, is currently beinginvestigated worldwide. For determining of safety of steel structure exposed to fire, asrandom accidental action, it is possible to use only probabilistic methods, together withadequately laboratory researches. The procedure for determining the safety of the loadbearingstructures consists of four steps. The first step includes the determination of heataction in case of fire. The next step includes the determination of heat action upon thestructure. Heating the structure brings about two effects: the elongation of the structureand the degradation of the mechanical properties of the material. This step is at the sametime a third step in determining the safety of the load-bearing structures. Mechanicalcharacteristics of the raw material are get by tension test on high temperatures, while theelement behaviour on high temperatures is determined as a part of experiments inspecial laboratory researches made on the real constructions. The safety of steelstructures expressed by the safety index was also analyzed for the extreme limit stateand the serviceability limit state both for the combinations of permanent action andaccidental fire action upon the structure, which represents the fourth phase of theprocess. On the basis of values for basis variables of resistance and fire action, values ofsafety index will be determined, as well as degree of safety of the steel structuresexposed to the fire. These investigations of the actual temperature-time parametercurves, for large compartments and different fire loads have been carried out in Croatiawithin the National Application Documents in the field of accidental fire action.Presented on:The Third International Conference on Advances in Structural Engineering andMechanics, ASEM'04Seoul, Korea, September 02.-04. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bernardin PerošProject No. 0083151197
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 187SAFETY OF STEEL STRUCTURES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OFFIRE ACTIONI. Boko; B. PerošFaculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Split, CroatiaThe paper presents the analysis of the influence of various types of actual fire loads uponthe given industrial structure - a warehouse steel hall. The simulation included severaldifferent fire loads with different quantities of combustible material and different floorsurfaces of the structure covered with combustible material. By applying the model ofzones, based on an approximate formulation, for different fire loads, obtained by varyingthe surface of ventilation openings, it was possible to obtain the temperature curves as afunction of time which were used as the extreme temperature influence upon the loadbearingsteel structure.The obtained temperature curves were compared to a standard EUROCODEtemperature curve. It was proved that for large closed spaces (e.g. industrial halls) theaction of actual fire loads cannot be computed by applying the standard curve but bydetermining actual temperature curves as a function of time. Heat transfer through thebasic material was modelled by using a transient, non-linear model according to theobtained values of extreme temperature curves. The paper also includes the analysis ofthe state of extreme temperatures in the case of steel structure protection byincombustible mineral plates. The safety of steel structures expressed by the safety index was also analysed for the extreme limit state and the serviceability limit state both forthe combinations of permanent fire action and accidental fire action upon the structure.These investigations of the actual temperature-time parameter curves, for largecompartments and different fire loads have been carried out in Croatia within the NationalApplication Documents in the field of accidental fire action.Presented on:Response of Structures to Extreme LoadingToronto, Canada, August 3.-6. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bernardin PerošProject No. 0083151198
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 188TOOL WEAR MONITORING USING RADIAL BASIC FUNCTIONNEUTRAL NETWORKBrezak, D.; Udiljak, T.; Mihoci, K.; Majetić, D.; Novaković, B.; Kasač J.The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaThis paper considers the application of Radial Basis Function neural network (RBFNN)for tool wear determination in the milling process. Tool wear, i.e. flank wear zone widths,have been estimated in two phases using two types of RBFNN algorithms. In the firstphase, RBFNN pattern recognition algorithm is used in order to classify tool wearfeatures in three wear level classes (initial, normal and rapid tool wear). On behalfof these results, in the second phase, RBFNN regression algorithm is util<strong>iz</strong>ed to estimatethe average amount of flank wear zone widths. Tool wear features were extracted in timeand frequency domain from three different types of signals: force, acoustic emission andnominal currents of feed drives.Presented on:2004 International Joint Conference on Neural NetworksBudapest, Hungary, July 25-29, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko NovakovićProject No. 0120025199
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 189USING CONTROL SYSTEM SIGNALS FOR TOOL WEARMONITORING IN METAL CUTTING PROCESSBrezak, D., Udiljak, T., Mihoci, K., Majetić, D., Novaković, B., Kasač J.The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaInstead of external sensory systems utilisation, nominal currents of feed driveswere implemented for cutting tool wear monitoring. The signals were taken by usingmachine control unit. Several features from time and frequency domain have beenextracted. Together with Radial Basis Function Neural Network, they were used for atool wear level determination. Sensitivity of every type of feature to tool wearing wasdetermined separately and in combinations. From all analyses that were carried out, onlythe main and most significant results are presented and discussed.Presented on:14th International DAAAM SymposiumSarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegowina. 22-25th October 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko NovakovićProject No. 0120025200
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 190COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF EXCITATIONCONTROL FOR A SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORNeven Bulić, Gorislav Erceg, Tomislav Idzotic,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaTwo different ways of excitation control of synchronous generator are considered in thisarticle. First way is with adaptive neuron and the other way is with PI voltage controller.Control structure with adaptive neuron is implemented in digital control system. Thebehaviour of the excitation system with adaptive neuron is compared with excitationsystem based on the PI voltage controller.Presented on:EPE-PEMCRiga, Italy, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Gorislav ErcegProject No. 0036026201
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 191DETERMINATION OF FLUORIDE IN WATER BY IONCHROMATOGRAPHY AND UV / VIS SPECTROSCOPYŠ. Cerjan – Stefanović, T. Bolanča, M. UjevićFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe aim of this work is to compare performance characteristics of ion chromatographywith UV/VIS spectrometry for determination of fluoride ion in water. The followingvalidation parameters were determined and compared: linearity, precision, accuracy,detection limit and quantitation limit. It is shown that ion chromatography is the method ofthe first choice for determination of fluoride in water.Presented on:4 th Slovenian Symposium on Separation TechniquesNovo Mesto, Slovenia, October 3 – 4, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Štefica Cerjan-StefanovićProject No. 0125016202
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 192STRATEGY OF DEVELOPING AND OPTIMIZING IONCHROMATOGRAPHY METHODS BY USING ARTIFICIAL NEURALNETWORKSŠ. Cerjan – Stefanović, S. Lončarić, T. Bolanča, M. Regelja, H. RegeljaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaOptim<strong>iz</strong>ation in ion chromatography involves the selection of experimental condition foradequate separation and acceptable retention time for each individually samples. But, inchemical laboratories obtaining a balance between resolution and analysis time is notalways easy. An efficient optim<strong>iz</strong>ation method should be employed during the methoddevelopment process in order to deal with these optim<strong>iz</strong>ation problems and to reducemethod development time. Computers assisted optim<strong>iz</strong>ation procedures have to be usedas an efficient aid for ion chromatography method development.Empirical modeling is auseful technique whereby a global optimum can be located. The use of chemometricprotocols like experimental design in combination with artificial neural networks can beextremely beneficial in the systematic construction and optim<strong>iz</strong>ation of response surfaces.For most simple optim<strong>iz</strong>ation applications, traditional techniques, such as simplexmethod, are capable of locating a global optimum efficiently. However, for nonlinearbehaviors, like those of ion chromatography, these methods are either time consuming orbecome trapped in local optima. Another factor which also has to be considered incomputer assisted optim<strong>iz</strong>ation procedures is the speed of the computer algorithm used.It is crucial to produce results (optimal conditions) within reasonable time. The speed ofthe computer algorithm depends on many variables and has to be tested for each andevery particular case.In this work artificial neural networks were used for optim<strong>iz</strong>ation ofion chromatographic separation. It is shown that selectivity of ion chromatographicmethods strongly depends on applied ion chromatographic conditions. The developedoptim<strong>iz</strong>ation model allows manipulating with appearance of the particular peak on thechromatogram and allows improvement of selectivity between particular ions. It is shownthat optim<strong>iz</strong>ed artificial neural networks are very accurate and fast optim<strong>iz</strong>ing tool withsmall amount of experimental data needed to model varied inherent non-linearrelationships of retention behaviour with respect to the mobile phase parameters. Byusing artificial neural network optim<strong>iz</strong>ation model it is to speed up the new methoddevelopment by reducing unnecessary experimentation.Presented on:17 th Annual International Ion Chromatography SymposiumTrier, Germany, 20 – 23 September, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Štefica Cerjan-StefanovićProject No. 0125016203
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 193EDUCATION IN ION CHROMATOGRAPHYŠ. Cerjan – Stefanović, M. Novič, T. Bolanča, M. RegeljaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaEducation related to ion chromatography on graduated and post graduated study in southeastern part of Europe is mainly incorporated in few chapters of following subjects:Analytical Chemistry, Instrumental Methods in Analytical Chemistry and AppliedMathematic and Statistic. That knowledge is a good base for the beginners in ionchromatography laboratory, but further education is certainly needed to accomplishadvanced level which can guarantee solution of majority of problems in everyday routineanalysis. For that purpose “International School of Ion Chromatography" (www.isic.ki.si) isbeing organ<strong>iz</strong>ed by University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering andTechnology, Croatia (prof. Š. Cerjan – Stefanović) and National Institute for Chemistry,Slovenia (dr. Milko Novič) as a part of whole life education program. Seven educationseminars were organised since 1999. in Croatia and Slovenia with approximately 70participants form south eastern part of Europe per seminar.This study explains organisation, conduction and results of International School of IonChromatography program in south east Europe. International School of IonChromatography incorporates education related to hardware and software of theinstruments with possibility of installation of ion chromatography system into theparticipant laboratory and its implementation in every day work routine analysis. Opencontact between laboratories from industry and practice and professional personal oforgan<strong>iz</strong>ators enables immediate intervention and solution of problems related toinstruments and applications of ion chromatography. Incorporated computer assistedwork shops provides basic and advanced knowledge about statistic, validation andoptim<strong>iz</strong>ation strategies, and inter laboratory tests insures quality control of the ionchromatographic analysis. It is shown that such activities results with significant increasein ion chromatography analysis results quality.Presented on:17 th Annual International Ion Chromatography SymposiumTrier, Germany, 20 – 23 September, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Štefica Cerjan-StefanovićProject No. 0125016204
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 194ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS IN ION CHROMATOGRAPHYŠ. Cerjan Stefanović, G. Srečnik, Ž. Debeljak, T. BolančaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAnion separation by suppressed and non-suppressed ion chromatography has become aroutine analytical procedure in the past years [1-4]. This technique offers a reliablemethodology for simultaneous determination of ions and has been found to be useful inmany applications e.g. environmental, industrial, clinical analysis. An interesting aspect ofanion chromatography is the selectivity of separation. An understanding of the rules thatinfluence selectivity is essential for optim<strong>iz</strong>ing the conditions for difficult separations. Themost important factors influencing selectivity are eluent anion, its charge, eluentconcentration and pH, eluent flow rate [5], as well as sorbent matrix, functional group andits content. The influence of the character of the functional group [6-8], space length [9]and character of the support [10] has been studied earlier. Retention models for ionchromatography were evaluated and only partial agreement was found betweentheoretical models and experimental data [11,12]. There is still much to be investigated,the problem of the selectivity of mono and divalent anions having been neglected sofar.The development of computer-assisted retention modelling routines in ionchromatography can be achieved in a number of ways. The two types of retention modelscan be identified namely theoretical and empirical. A theoretical model is derived fromfundamental equations and invariably requires knowledge of a range of parametersrelating to the analyte, stationary phase, and eluent, before calculation of the retentiontime of the analyte is possiblem [13-17]. On the other hand, empirical models concentrateon predicting the manner in which retention changes, when some ion chromatographicparameter is varied between two or more known values, rather then underlyingtheoretical explanation for these changes. The use of the machine learning methods forempirical retention modelling represents the fundamental research issue. The ability ofcomputer to learn independently is a recognised manifestation of intelligence and offersthe potential to build intelligent system more efficiently. There are many differentapproaches one can take to develop a method of machine learning. Techniques that arecurrently popular include artificial neural networks (ANN), genetic algorithms (GA), andinduction [18]. ANN operate in a manner that mimics our current understanding of thearchitecture of the brain, which is postulated to consist of 10 9 to 10 12 of linked neurones.These algorithms attempt to model relationship between attributes by similar network,which finally becomes the rather abstract knowledge representation for the expertsystem. The main drawback of these systems is that the knowledge representation, anetwork of neurones connected by various weighting factors, is hard to decode and alter.Thus future maintenance is complex and results may not be obvious [19,20].A lot ofdifferent artificial neural networks based on different concepts and purposes have beencurrently explored. For some of these neural networks, a counterpart in statistic methodsexists [21]. Most neural networks are trained by the so-called error backpropagation rule,also known as the general<strong>iz</strong>ed Delta rule that can be considered as a gradient descentprocedure, which is general<strong>iz</strong>ed for multiple layers [22,23]. In optim<strong>iz</strong>ation theory, it isknown that the convergence of gradient descent algorithms can be accelerated usingsecond order information about the shape of the optim<strong>iz</strong>ation surface [24]. However, thepowerful modelling capability of neural networks causes poor models when the design of205
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.the data is uncarefully chosen. The general<strong>iz</strong>ing ability of a network model is veryaffected by the data used [25,26]. Especially, when few and noisy data are used,networks are prone for overfiting. It must be stressed that this problem applies for all nonlinearmethods, and needs to be prevented in practice. Next, thegeneral<strong>iz</strong>ing ability of neural networks strongly depends on representativety of thetraining data with respect to the true but unknown underlying relations. The trainingsample must containsufficient and well-distributed training samples in order to general<strong>iz</strong>e for experimentalnoise. Neural networks are very sensitive to overtraining when little ill dimensioned dataare used [27].The aim of this work is development of artificial neural network model, which canbe general<strong>iz</strong>ed and used in variety of applications for retention modelling in ionchromatography. Influences of eluent flow rate and concentration of eluent anion (OH - ) onseparation of seven inorganic anions (fluoride, chloride, nitrite, sulphate, bromide, nitrate,and phosphate) were investigated. Three layers feed forward neural network trained witha Levenberg - Marquardt batch error back propagation algorithm has been used to modelion chromatographic retention mechanisms. The technique of experimental data selectionfor training set was used allowing improvement of artificial neural network predictionpower. Experimental design space was divided into 8-32 subspaces depending onnumber of experimental data points used for training set. The number of hidden layernodes, the number of iteration steps and the number of experimental data points used fortraining set were optim<strong>iz</strong>ed. This study presents the very fast (300 iteration steps) andvery accurate (average of relative errors of 0.88 %) retention model, obtained by usingsmall amount of experimental data (16 experimental data points in training set).Presented on:7 th International Symposium Advances in Analytical Separation Science, Chromatographyand Elecrtophoresis Portschach/Worthersee, Austria, June 3 rd - 5 th 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Štefica Cerjan-StefanovićProject No. 0125016206
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 195REMOVAL OF METAL-COMPLEX DYESTUFFS BY CROATIANCLINOPTILOLITECerjan-Stefanović, Š.; Šiljeg, M.; Bokić, Lj.;Vojnović, B. and Koprivanac, N.Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaMetal toxicity and its harmful impact on the environment are well known, and it isnecessary to control its content in wastewaters after dyeing processes. This paperdeals with the possibility of eliminating of metal-ions from metalcomplex dyestuffsafter the dyeing process by natural zeolites. A copper (II) complex was prepared withthe two ligands: a 2-(2-pyridylmethylene-amino)phenol (PMAP) and 2-(2-quinolylmethylene-amino)phenol (QMAP). The chromium complex was preparedwith 3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone (C.I. 18744). It was shown that various factorsinfluence the Cu(II), Cr(III) and CrO4- bonding capacities to natural zeolites,including chemical treatment of natural zeolite, particle s<strong>iz</strong>e of zeolites, temperatureand pH conditions.Presented on:14 th International Zeolite ConferenceCape Town, South Africa, 25-30.04.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Štefica Cerjan-StefanovićProject No. 0125016207
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 196QUO VADIS INJECTION MOLDING?Igor Catic, Gordana Barić, Maja Rujnić-SokeleFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAt the moment there exist more than 100 procedures for making products from plastics,rubbers, ceramics, metals, or from the combinations of these matters or materials whichcan be denoted as injection molding (die casting). Where is going the development of thismost important cyclic procedure of making parts with defined three-dimensions? Theanswer to this question is based on the analysis of the functions of this procedure andsystemat<strong>iz</strong>ation of injection molding by different criteria as well as the fractal history ofgeneral technology and is, only by innovative means.Presented on:ANTEC 2003, Society of Plastics Engineers,Nashville, USA, 4–7. May, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mladen ŠercerProject No. 0120035208
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 197PRODUCTION, RESEARCH AND UNIVERSITY COURSES IN THEFIELD OF PLASTICS IN CROATIAIgor Catic, Maja Rujnić-Sokele, Gordana BarićFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaPlastics are undivided parts of today’s human life and their possibilities in newapplications are growing almost every day. Production and processing of plastics are verypromising industries and research fields. In this work it will be presented history andpresent situation, and future possibilities in Croatian plastics industry. It will be alsopresented educational and research institutions that are concentrated at four CroatianUniversities in: Zagreb (the biggest one), Osijek, Rijeka and Split, their field of interests,research results and knowledge that they are offering to students and industry experts.Presented on:ANTEC 2002, Society of Plastics Engineers,San Francisco, USA, 7-9 May, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mladen ŠercerProject No. 0120035209
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 198NUMERICAL VIBRATIONS MODELLING OF THIN PLATESTRUCTURESČehić, Z., Lanc, D.Faculty of Engeneering, University of Rijeka, CroatiaMany problems of modern design technology require a detailed understanding of themotion (dynamics) of plates. The central problem of vibrations, free and forced motion ofplates of bounded extent, and associated mathematical tools such as eigenfunctions andeigenvalues are discussed in this paper. The objective is to use the concept of thin platesin bending according to Kirchhoff's assumptions and to analyze their free vibrationbehavior. An analytical solution of the lowest eigenvalue of vibration of clampedrectangular thin plate is obtained using Ritz method on the basis of assumed modeshape. Finite element analysis on the same example brings out the results for highernatural frequencies and associated mode shapes of freely vibrating clamped rectangularthin plate. The determination of the deformation and stresses in a plate subjected to timedependent,concentrated transverse surface load is presented for the same example ofclamped thin plate.Presented on:PAMMHungary, January 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip BrnićProject No. 0069006210
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 199ON-LINE HYDROGENERATOR POWER ANGLE ANDSYNCHRONOUS REACTANCES DETERMINATION BASED ON AIRGAP MEASUREMENTMarin Despalatovic, Martin Jadric, Bozo Terzic, Josip MacanFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture,University of Split, CroatiaThis paper presents a method for the power angle determination of the salient-polesynchronous machine from the terminal voltage and air gap measurement. The method isdeveloped as a part of a monitoring system that is installed on the 26 MVA generator ofthe Peruca hydroelectric power plant in Croatia. The raw signal of the air gap sensor isused to detect the rotor displacement referenced to the fundamental component of theterminal voltage. The method is proved by comparing it to another measurement of thegenerator power angle based on a tooth gear mounted on the rotor shaft. In addition, theon-line determination of the synchronous reactances in the q- and d-axis was performedand saturation effects were also considered.Presented on:2004 Power Systems Conference and ExpositionNew York City, New York, USA, October 10 - 13, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Martin JadrićProject No. 0023021211
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 200FATIGUE CRACKS AND FAILURES IN CEMENT INDUSTRY,SHIPBUILDING AND POWER PLANT FACILITIESZ. Domazet; L. Krstulovic-Opara; M. Stupalo,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and NavalArchitecture, Split, CroatiaIn spite of numerous and expensive researches in the field of fatigue, cracks and failurescaused by fatigue occur every day in all fields of human activity. The paper presentssome typical fatigue damages in industry and transport. Fatigue failure of the mainengine lateral support (at the bulk carrier), fatigue cracks at the large portal crane, fatiguecracks together with failures in the large gear wheel of cement mill, and fatigue failure ofthe reversible turbine rotor, are described herein. The complete damage analysis(numerical and/or experimental stress distribution evaluation, fractography, assessmentof remaining service life, etc.) showed that design errors have caused all of these, andmany other cracks and failures.The analysis confirmed the possibility of crack and failurerepairs,what has been donesuccessfully.Presented on:First International Conference on Engineering Failure Analysis,Lisbon, Portugal, 12-14July, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Željko DomazetProject No. 0023023212
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 201ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD COUPLING TO MULTIPLE FINITELENGTH TRANSMISSION LINES ABOVE AN IMPERFECT GROUNDV.Dorić, D.Poljak, V.RojeFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split,CroatiaThe scattering approach for the calculation of currents induced on the multiple overheadwires illuminated by a plane wave with an arbitrary angle of incidence is presented in thiswork. The influence of a lossy ground is taken into account via the Fresnel reflectioncoefficient appearing within the kernel of the thin wire electric field integral equations(EFIE). The set of EFIE is solved by means of the finite element integral equation method(FEIEM). Various numerical results are presented.Presented on:The 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic CompatibilityIstanbul, Turkey, May 11-16, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vesna RojeProject No. 0023009213
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 202INTEGRATION OF THE OBJECT GRATING METHOD INTONUMERICAL ELASTOPLASTIC MATERIAL MODELINGNenad DRVAR 1 , Jozo SKOKO 2 , Damir SEMENSKI 11) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,Croatia2) AVL AST d.o.o., Zagreb, CroatiaThe paper describes an invented procedure of the optical grating method resultsimplementation into the numerical elastoplastic model of aluminum alloy. A fundamentalidea was real<strong>iz</strong>ed by the creation of numerical-experimental technique that would enablemore accurate determination of hardening parameters of the numerical material model bytaking advantage of experimentally obtained data. Such approach provides betterdescription of a real deforming process of material model and the initial step of integrationof object grating method into the nonlinear FEM analysis.The variation of kinematic and isotropic hardening parameters in numerical models leadsto their most accurate values. The numerical approximation that matches to theexperimental results is achieved by selecting the values of isotropic and kinematic2hardening parameters K = H = 20 N/mm . The greater value of hardening parameterscauses more stiff results. As smaller values of hardening parameters are selected, thestress-deformation curve is less accurate in comparison to the experiment. The results forthe stress-deformation curves at the point A are plotted in Fig. 3.Presented on:19. Danubia-Adria Symposium on Experimental Methods in Solid MechanicsPolanica Zdroj, Poland, 2002.Principal investigator : Dr.sc. Stjepan JecićProject No. 0120004214
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 203PORTABLE WIRELESS MEASURING SYSTEM FOR MONITORINGMOTOR SHAFT PARAMETERSDžapo, Hrvoje; Stare, Zoran; Bobanac, NenadFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaA prototype of a portable wireless measuring system for monitoring motor shaft torque,power and rotational speed was developed and tested. The system was designed to offera great flexibility for wide variety of test and research applications as well as themonitoring parameter ranges. Strain gauge sensors, placed onto the revolving shaftalong with a wireless radio-frequency transmitter, are employed to measure torque. Shaftrotational speed is measured by using the rotary encoder. Torque and power arecalculated automatically on the receiver side from samples processed in a real time anddisplayed to the user. Moreover, system provides analog and digital outputs of the shaftvibration waveform for oscilloscope observing or recording to a personal computer in adigital format.Presented on:21th IEEE Instrumentation and Technology ConferenceComo, Italy, 18-20.05.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Stanko TonkovićProject No. 0036007215
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 204THERMAL DEGRADATION OF POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE)PLASTICIZED WITH ACETYL TRIBUTYL CITRATEMatko ERCEG, Branka ANDRIČIĆ, Tonka KOVAČIĆ, Ivka KLARIĆFaculty of Chemical Technology, University of Split, CroatiaIt is commonly known that today mostly biologically non-degradable polymers are usedfor various packaging. They are used for short time periods and then disposed what isconsidered to be one of the greatest ecological problems of today’s society.The utilisation of environmentally biodegradable polymers is an alternative to reduce thegreat amount of plastics in municipal solid waste and pollution caused by them. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is fully biodegradable polyester produced by various bacteria. Ithas some physical and mechanical properties comparable to those of isotacticpolypropylene, but it is stiff and brittle due to its high crystallinity. To replace commoditypolymers in packaging film materials film extrusion of the PHB has to be performed whatis a difficult process because of its brittleness and thermal instability. Among the otherroutes to prepare useful material from PHB, the addition of plastic<strong>iz</strong>ers contributes toimprove the polymer thermal and mechanical properties. For food packaging and hygieneapplications, only non-toxic substances can be considered as plastic<strong>iz</strong>ers. Citrateplastic<strong>iz</strong>ers are derived from naturally occurring citric acid. They are non-toxic and areused as plastic<strong>iz</strong>ers with a variety of different polymers.In this work we used acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) as PHB plastic<strong>iz</strong>er. The thermaldegradation of plastic<strong>iz</strong>ed PHB samples was investigated by the differential scanningcalorimetry (DSC) and by the thermogravimetric method under dynamic and isothermalconditions in inert atmosphere. The thermal degradation of plastic<strong>iz</strong>ed PHB samples byDSC was investigated as a function of annealing temperature, annealing time and coolingrate after the thermal treatment. From the data obtained it can be concluded that thermalstability of PHB is affected by addition of ATBC. We have also investigated the thermalcharacteristics of PHB blends with environmentally biodegradable poly(tetramethyleneterphtalate-co-tetramethylene-hexanedionate)(BTA) in order to establish whether BTAcan act as a polimeric plastic<strong>iz</strong>er for PHB.Presented on:Third International Conference on Polymer Modification, Degradation and Stabilisation,MoDeSt Lyon, France, 29.8. - 2.9. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr. sc. Tonka KovačićProject No. 0011001216
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 205MANAGEMENT OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN CASE OF HIGHSEASONAL DEMANDFistanić, IvanaFaculty of Civil Engineering, University of Split, CroatiaWater supply systems in tourist coastal areas of Croatia have extremely seasonal waterconsumption resulting from tourism and climate characteristics of the area. Theconsequence of such water supply system operation regime is fully exploited system inJuly and August and extremely non-exploited in winter. The largest consumers arehouseholds, tourism and agriculture. Since system capacities are limited, there is ashortage of water for agricultural purposes in summer period with no alternative watersupplies because natural water resources of this area are scarce. It usually results inconflicts among water supply system users and greater pressure of agricultural lobby touse the system for agriculture. Therefore, there is a need for water supply system use foragriculture in a manner to carry out redistribution of available water quantities in time byconstruction of a reservoir. In this paper, the problem is analyzed on an example of theisland of Brač. Based on carried out analyses it was determined that this solution isfeasible if certain conditions are satisfied that would provide safe water supply. Proposedsolution could help to solve irrigation problem and thus, contribute to safer and moreefficient agricultural production on the island and also development of tourist areas.Presented on:2nd International Conference on Efficient Use and Management of Water for UrbanSupplyTenerife, Canary Islands, Spain, 2-4 travnja 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jure MargetaProject No. 0083111217
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 206WATER QUALITY MODELING OF JADRO SPRINGFistanić, IvanaFaculty of Civil Engineering, University of Split, CroatiaManagement of water quality in karst is a specific problem. Water generally moves veryfast by infiltration processes but far more by concentrated flows through fissures andopenings in karst. This enables the entire surface pollution to be transferred fast andwithout filtration into groundwater springs. A typical example is the Jadro spring.Changes in water quality at the spring are sudden, but short. Turbidity as a major waterquality problem for the karst springs regularly exceeds allowable standards. Formerpractice in problem solving has been reduced to intensive water disinfection in periods ofgreat turbidity without analyses of disinfection by-products risks for water users. Themain prerequisite for water quality control and an optim<strong>iz</strong>ation of water disinfection is theknowledge of raw water quality and nature of occurrence. The analysis of monitoring dataand their functional relationship with hydrological parameters enables establishment of astochastic model that will help obtain better information on turbidity in different periods ofthe year. Using model great number of average monthly and extreme daily values aregenerated. By statistical analyses of these data possibility of occurrence of high turbidityin certain months is obtained. These information can be used for designing expert systemfor water quality management of karst springs. Thus, the time series model becomes avaluable tool in management of drinking water quality of the Jadro spring.Presented on:Automation in Water Quality MonitoringVienna, Austria, 19-20 April, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jure MargetaProject No. 0083111218
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 207APPLICATION OF THE SPECTRAL APPROACH FOR FATIGUEANALYSIS OF MARINE STRUCTURAL DETAILSY. Garbatov; S. Rudan; C. Guedes Soares*Unit of Marine Technology and EngineeringTechnical University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior Técnico,Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 Lisboa, PortugalThe paper focuses on evaluation of the fatigue life of marine structural details. Thefatigue life is predicted based on aprobabilistic approach that properly considers thestochastic nature of the ocean environment and the service profile of the structure. Theapproach includes generation of a stress range response function, calculated by a finiteelement model. Considering the loading process as narrow-band for each short-term seastate a Rayleigh distribution for stress amplitude is calculated. Then the long-term stressrange response is fitted by the Weibull distribution. The Palmgren–Miner linearcumulative damage model is applied. A comparative analysis with the existing results inthe literature is also made.Presented on:The 10th International Congress of the International Maritime Association of theMediterranean (IMAM), Rethymno, Crete, Greece, May, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ivo SenjanovićProject No. 0120001219
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 208ASSESSMENT OF GEOMETRY CORRECTION FUNCTIONS OFTANKER KNUCKLE DETAILS BASED ON FATIGUE TESTS ANDFINITE ELEMENT ANALYSISY. Garbatov; S. Rudan; C. Guedes Soares*Unit of Marine Technology and EngineeringTechnical University of Lisbon, Instituto Superior Técnico,Av. Rovisco Pais, 1096 Lisboa, PortugalThe paper analyses the fatigue crack growth of knuckle detail typical of tankers. Anapproach for evaluation of the fatigue life based on fracture mechanics is presented,where a Paris-Erdogan crack-growth law is applied. A geometry correction function isdetermined from fatigue test data. A closed-form equation is proposed for fatigue lifeestimation. The results obtained from a fatigue test and the calculated fatigue lives arecompared.Presented on:21 st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE),Oslo, Norway, 23-28 June, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ivo SenjanovićProject No. 0120001220
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 209PREDICTION OF FATIGUE DAMAGE IN BRACKETS OF LARGESCALE TEST SPECIMENS OF SHIP STRUCTURESY. Garbatov; S. Rudan; C. Guedes SoaresUnit of Marine Technology and EngineeringInstituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of LisbonAv. Rovisco Pais, 1096 Lisboa, PortugalThe paper presents a prediction of fatigue damage in large-scale bracket specimenstypical of ship structures. Three-dimensional finite element models are generated andthen elastic finite element analysis is performed to evaluate stress concentration factors.Comparative analysis of fatigue damage for all specimens is presented and the differencebetween numerical predictions is discussed.Presented on:8 th Portuguese Conference on FractureVila Real, Portugal, 20-22 February, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ivo SenjanovićProject No. 0120001221
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 210ENZYMATIC SCOURING FOR BETTER TEXTILE PROPERTIESGrancarić, A. M.; T. Pušić; A. TarbukFaculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaStandard procedures of scouring cotton fibers and fabrics involve alkali treatment, usuallywith NaOH, accomplishing high effects in textile cleaning of genetic and added impurities.During harsh scouring conditions waxes, protein substances, pectine and other impuritiesare removed form fiber, but also leads to a some damages to the cellulose causing a highweight loss and decreasing the strength. After scouring process huge quantities of waterare necessary, high energy is requied, and NaOH polluted waste waters. This traditionallyprocedure of scouring is ecologicaly and economicaly unfavourable, so in last few yearsnew procedures are investigated. Enzymatic scouring with pectinases of cotton fibers andfabrics has been used since 1999. Compared with traditionaly scouring with NaOH,enzymatic scouring needs less energy, half of the amount of necessary water, and thereis no pollution of waste water because enzymes are biodegredable and non toxic. Thiswork compares textile properties of knitted fabrics after conventional and enzymaticscouring, such as degree of polymer<strong>iz</strong>ation of cellulose (DP), wicking and knit fabricsewability.Presented on:International Conference on Textile BiotechnologyGraz, Austria; 13-16 June 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ana-Marija GrancarićProject No. 0117012222
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 211ELECTROKINETIC PHENOMENA OF COTTON FABRICSGrancarić, A. M.; T. Pušić; A. Tarbuk; V. RibitschFaculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaTextile fibres immersed in water (pH 6, 5-7) show the negative values of the ζ-potentialbecause functional surface fibre groups dissociate in water imparting negative charge tothe neutral fibre. By increasing pH the ζ-potential becomes more negative, and bydecreasing more positive. It is important to consider that the ζ-potential depends onpolymer nature, foreign matter content, and addition of finishing agents and on themanufacturing process. Values of the ζ-potential range broadly from -20 mV to -60 mVdepending on chemical fiber composition, surface polarity, microstructure, porosity,specific surface, fibre swelling in the solution, interaction energy of fibre and solution, pHof the solution, electrolyte addition etc. Material used were three Standard cotton fabrics,one was 3/1 twill and two of those were 1/1 plain weave cotton fabrics, des<strong>iz</strong>ed, scouredand bleached, free from finish residual chemicals and chemically damaged fibres. Todetermine zeta potential and the amount of surface fabric charge the samples werespecially prepared and finally rinsed to the conductivity of deionised water (2-4 µS/cm).Zeta potential and Point of Zero charge (PZC) of cotton samples was measured using thestreaming potential/streaming current method where the solid phase is stationary (fibre,material), and the liquid one is mobile (water, electrolyte, e.g. KCl). An electrolyte solutionis forced through a capillary system. Streaming potential U p and streaming current I p arisedue to the motion of ions and quantitatively determine zeta potential according to theHelmholtz-Smoluchowsky equation. Point of zero charge (PZC) is the amount of N –cethyl piridinium chloride added to electrolyte solution for change the negative charge ofthe fabric into the positive one. The PZC is determined at a pH 10 because maximal andconstant ζ potential of most materials at this pH value. It differs for individual cottonfabrics for the reason of fabric construction parameters that play an important role in theinterface phenomena.Presented on:XVIIIth Congress of Chemists and Technologists of Macedonia,Ohrid, Macedonia, 23-25 September 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ana-Marija GrancarićProject No. 0117012223
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 212ELECTROKINETIC POTENTIAL AND SPECIFIC CHARGE OF MAINTEXTILE FABRICSGrancarić, A. M.; T. Pušić; A. Tarbuk; I. SoljačićFaculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAdsorption mechanism of surfactants, dyes, optical brighteners and other agentsdepends on interaction forces between fiber surface and ionic species. Among otherproperties very important are electrical properties of fabric surface such are electrokineticpropertys character<strong>iz</strong>ed by zeta potential and specific quantity of surface charge. In thiswork zeta potential, , Isoelectric Point, IEP (pH value at which fabric has zero zetapotential) and Point of Zero Charge, PZC (amount of cations added to obtain zero zetapotential at a particular pH) were studied, as well as specific quantity of surface charge,q. Electrokinetic properties of standard adjacent fabrics (SDC Products; use for BS ENISO 105 F02) - Cotton (Limbric), Wool, Viscose Rayon, Polyamide 6.6 (Nylon f03),Polyester (Terylene) and Acrylic were investigated. Electrokinetic potential was measuredby streaming potential/current method using a Brookhaven-Paar electrokinetic analyzer(EKA), with a rectangular cell. Specific quantity of surface charge was calculated afterback-titration method, applying Mütek’s Partical Charge Detector (PCD 02).Presented on:4th AUTEX Conference, World Textile ConferenceRoubaix, France, 22-24 June 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ana-Marija GrancarićProject No. 0117012224
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 213DYEING EFFECTS OF CATIONIZED COTTONGrancarić, A. M.; A. Tarbuk; I. JančijevFaculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaCotton fibers, like most textile fibers, are negative charged (zeta potential) in neutral and alkaliaqueous solutions. It is important to consider that dyestuffs, optical brighteners and finishingagents in aqueous solution have the same electrical sign as cotton. In this case difficulties inadsorption processes arise from existing repulsion forces between the particles of the sameelectrical sign. It is well known that for overcome these forces in dyeing processes, a largeamounts of electrolyte is needed, what is economically and ecologically unfavorable. The aimof present paper was to study the cotton modification for achieving its electropositive chargeand better dyeing properties. Modification of cotton yarns was carried out with quarternaryammonium compound in different stages of pretreatment for the purpose of lowering the zetapotential of cotton. It is one of alternative method to low the high electrolyte amount in dyeingbath. For this purpose, raw and bleached cotton yarns were cation<strong>iz</strong>ed with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC) before and during the mercer<strong>iz</strong>ationprocess. Untreated and mercer<strong>iz</strong>ed cotton samples are electronegative having the zetapotential, from ξ = –15 mV to ξ= –20 mV. According to zeta potential results (measured onElectro-kinetic Analyzer-EKA, A. Paar) it was shown that electrical charge of all cation<strong>iz</strong>edcotton yarns was noticeable changed, from negative to positive values by 10 to 15 mV.Bleached cation<strong>iz</strong>ed yarns are electropositive in whole applied pH range (pH 2 to pH 10) whileraw cotton yarns are little negative (ξ = - 5 mV). Such electropositive cottons show the betterattracts of electronegative dyestuffs and finishing agents. Breaking force and elongation weremeasured on Tenso Lab Strength Tester. Although expected the negative mechanicalchanges, modified cotton showed better properties then untreated one and almost the sameproperties as well-known positive mechanical changes in mercer<strong>iz</strong>ation process. Dyeingprocesses were presumed using direct dyestuff, Tubantin Green GL (Bezema) by anexhaustion method. The samples selected for dyeing were the next: row and bleached cottonsseparately untreated, mercer<strong>iz</strong>ed and cation<strong>iz</strong>ed (before and during the mercer<strong>iz</strong>ationprocess). All the yarns were dyed with and without electrolyte (10g/l NaCl), in AHIBATurbomat (Datacolor) with constant bath flow, in one depth of shade (3% owf), using liquorration 30:1, at 100 °C, for 90 min. Spectral characteristics were measured on remissionspectrophotometer Spectraflash 600 plus-CT (Datacolor). It was shown very high dyeing effectfor mercer<strong>iz</strong>ed and cation<strong>iz</strong>ed cottons, incomparable with untreated cottons. It is to notice thatthese cottons dyed in baths without electrolyte content could show better dyeing effects thanwhen electrolyte was added. Electrolyte addition in these cases is unfavorable. Bleachedcotton yarns are more hydrophilic than raw ones, so they have stronger reaction with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride. Due to their hydrophilicity, they have better dyeuptake as well. Dyeing effects of mercer<strong>iz</strong>ed cotton are well known in practice, butcation<strong>iz</strong>ation during the mercer<strong>iz</strong>ation process gives a new dimension of cotton pretreatment,as well as the quality assurance of cotton in the future.Presented on:ArgenColor 2004, 7° Congreso Argentino del Color,Buenos Aires, Argentina, 9-12 November 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ana-Marija GrancarićProject No. 0117012225
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 214TOPOCHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF POLY(ETHYLENETEREPHTALATE) FIBERS – KINETIC OF FIBER ALKALINEHYDROLYSISGrancarić, A. M.; A. Tarbuk; N. Kallay; V. TomašićFaculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAlkaline polyester hydrolysis is topochemical saponification of polyester fibers that resultsin fiber weight loss, reducing of diameter and strength of fibers as well. The effect ofhydrolysis is better look of fabric, which becomes more like pure silk. In practice thealkaline hydrolysis is done by a relatively concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxidesolution at elevated temperature (T= 90-120 0 C). Some cationic compounds like cationicsurfactants accelerate this hydrolysis yielding much higher weight loss of polyester fabric.In order to obtain the optimal and uniform effects the proper stirring, controlled NaOHconcentration, temperature, addition of accelerator and mass to volume ratio is needed.Developed physicochemical model describing kinetic of hydrolysis of polyester fiber inalkaline solution was applied for analyzing of experimental data. The influence oftemperature effect is considered on the basis of the Arrhenius activation energy (Ea). Themodel takes into account the decrease of surface area and OH ion concentrationdescribes the process completely by first order rate constant. In the present work theeffect of different compounds, cationic surfactant and 3-chloro-2hydroxylpropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) on kinetic of alkaline dissolution of polyester fiber isdiscussed on the basis of theoretical model.Presented on:3rd AUTEX Conference, World Textile Conference,Gdansk, Poland, 25-27 June 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ana-Marija GrancarićProject No. 0117012226
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 215EFFECTS OF TYPE OF BACKING GAS UPON THE CORROSIONPROPERTIES OF WELDS ON HIGH ALLOYED STEELK. Grubić ; I. Juraga ; B. BauerFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaEffects of type of backing gas applied for root shielding upon the corrosion properties ofroot pass have been reported. Welding has been made applying TIG process and no fillermaterial has been added. Argon has been used as the shielding gas.The base materialwere pipes with 2 mm thick walls, made of austenitic steel grade AISI 304 (equivalent toWNr. 1.4301) and duplex steel grade AISI S 31 803 (equivalent to WNr. 1.4462). In thecase of welding of austenitic grade Ar, N 2 , and N 2 / 5%H 2 gases were used for rootbacking, while for the duplex grade, Ar, Ar/ 2%N 2 , Ar/ 10%N 2 and N 2 gases were used.Root pass has been tested for resistance to pitting corrosion applying ASTM G 48-92method for 72 hours at 20°C and 24 hours at 50°C. Corrosion testing has been performedin the surface cleaned condition of samples. Content of ferrite in samples of welds hasbeen determined, and for duplex steel analysis of microstructure has been done. Resultsof investigation indicate that type of shielding gas for root side has effects upon theresistance to pitting corrosion and percentage of ferrite in the root pass.Presented on:The 14 th INTERNATIONAL DAAAM SYMPOSIUM"Intelligent Manufacturing & Automation: Focus on Reconstruction and Development"Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegowina, 22-25 st October 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Slobodan KraljProject No. 0120018227
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 216GENERALIZED CORRELATIONS FOR HEAT TRANSFERDETERMINATIONIN TURBINE LABYRINTH GLANDSZvonimir Guzović, Branimir Matijašević, Stanislav SviderekFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaIn solving different problems in designing of new and exploitation of the existing steamand gas turbines (e.g. the determining of the losses in turbine stage i.e. efficiency ofenergy conversion, efficiency of the cooling systems of cooled gas turbine stages,temperature fields i.e. state of thermal deformations and stresses of turbine elements withthe aim of defining the required clearances, etc.) it is necessary to perform the calculationof heat transfer on the surfaces of single construction elements, among others, also in thelabyrinth glands, which are used only for sealing in steam and gas turbines today. For thispurpose the values of convective heat transfer coefficients have to be known. The latterare most frequently determined on the basis of correlations obtained by means ofexperimental measurements, often without checking the possibility of their application inindividual cases. In literature, there is a definite number of empirical correlationsproposed by various researchers, which are mutually distinguished with regard to therange of change of the flow and geometrical parameters and with regard to choosingphysical properties. All this makes their application more difficult. Therefore,systemat<strong>iz</strong>ation of single empirical correlations from literature is performed first in thepaper, and after that the original general<strong>iz</strong>ed correlations are proposed obtained bymeans of statistical analysis of calculation results by systemat<strong>iz</strong>ed single correlations.The original general<strong>iz</strong>ed correlations proposed in the paper ensure the accuracy ofcalculations which satisfy engineering applications.Presented on:HEFAT2004 - 3rd International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics andThermodynamicsCape Town, South Africa, 21 – 24 June 2004,Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branimir MatijaševićProject No. 0120011228
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 217MODELLING OF NON-STATIONARY THERMAL STRESSES INSTEAM TURBINE ROTORZvonimir Guzović, Branimir Matijašević, Stanislav SviderekFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe increasingly extensive usage of steam turbines for ensuring the variable part ofelectric load is characterised by high manoeuvrability requirements of their operation.These changeable working regimes of steam turbine are connected with significantchanges of pressure, temperature and steam flow through its stages. Thus, the gasdynamiccharacteristics of particular stages also change. The changes becomeincreasingly observable towards the turbine exit, i.e. at low pressure stages. In caseswhen the steam flow is below the on-design value, or when there is even no flow at all,additional heating of turbine rotor occurs due to the phenomenon of ″ventilation″. In theseconditions in steam turbine rotors the intense, space and time dependent temperaturegradients can occur, which cause high non-stationary thermal stresses, i.e. increasedlocal concentrations of stresses which has a negative effect on the rotor useful life and inthe worst case can cause damage to the whole turbine. Therefore, both in elaboratingnew designs of steam turbines and in their operation, additional attention is dedicated tothermal and state of stress of rotor in off-design (transient) working regimes. At present,the non-stationary temperature stresses (clearly, as well as the state of total stresses) areefficiently calculated by modelling by means of the users' software programs (i.e.software packages), which are based on engineering numerical methods. As example,the paper presents the algorithm and the results of non-stationary thermal stressesmodelling in steam turbine rotor stipulated by pressure change on turbine exit.Presented on:8 th International Research/Expert Conference ”Trends in the Development of Machineryand Associated Technology” TMT 2004Bosnia and Herzegowina, 15-19 September, 2004, NeumPrincipal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branimir MatijaševićProject No. 0120011229
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 218MODELLING OF NON-STATIONARY THERMAL STRESSES INTHICK-WALLED STEAM TURBINE ELEMENTSZvonimir Guzović, Branimir Matijašević, Stanislav SviderekFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaAll the more extensive usage of steam turbines for ensuring variable part of electric loadis characterised by requirements for high manoeuvrability of operation (rapid starting,stopping and change of power). In these conditions both at elaborating new designs ofsteam turbines and in their operation, the additional attention is dedicated to thermallymost loaded thick-walled parts, as steam turbine casings, stop and governing valves ofhigh pressure, in which the intense space and time dependent temperature gradientscause high non-stationary thermal stresses. In both cases the different problems aresolved which demand knowledge about non-stationary thermal stresses in steam turbinethick-walled parts. In the present time non-stationary thermal stresses (clearly as well asthe state of total stresses) are efficiently calculated by modelling by means of the usersoftware programs (of software packages), which are based on numerical methods. Asexample the paper presents the procedure and the results of non-stationary thermalstresses modelling in steam turbine casing by means of the user software package.Presented on:7 th International Research/Expert Conference ”Trends in the Development of Machineryand Associated Technology” TMT 2003Lloret de Mar, Spain, 15-16 September, 2003,Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branimir MatijaševićProject No. 0120011230
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 219GENERALIZED CORRELATIONS FOR HEAT TRANSFERDETERMINATION IN STEAM AND GAS TURBINE CASINGSZvonimir Guzović, Branimir Matijašević, Stanislav SviderekFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaFor the solving of different problems in designing of new and exploitation of the existingsteam and gas turbines it is necessary to perform the calculation of heat transfer onsurfaces inside casings, such as surfaces which confine spaces between outer and innercasings, the spaces of non-automatic and automatic steam extractions, spaces insidecross-over channels, spaces of steam exhaust (i.e. of exhaust casings), spaces of steamadmission (i.e. of inlet casings), spaces inside valves, etc., and for this the values ofconvective heat transfer coefficients have to be known. The latter are most frequentlydetermined on the basis of correlations obtained by means of experimentalmeasurements, often without checking the possibility of their application in the individualcase. In literature, there is a definite number of empirical correlations proposed by variousresearchers, which are mutually distinguished with regard to the range of change of thegeometrical and gas-dynamics parameters and with regard to choosing physicalproperties. All this makes their application more difficult.Therefore, in the paper, the systemat<strong>iz</strong>ation of single empirical correlations from literatureis performed first, and after that the original general<strong>iz</strong>ed correlations are proposedobtained by means of statistical analysis of calculation results by systemat<strong>iz</strong>ed singlecorrelations. The original general<strong>iz</strong>ed correlations proposed in the paper ensure accuracyof calculations which satisfy engineering applications.Presented on:HEFAT2003 - 2nd International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics andThermodynamicsVictoria Falls, Zambia, 23 – 26 June 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branimir MatijaševićProject No. 0120011231
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 220GENERALIZED CORRELATIONS FOR DETERMING HEATTRANSFER IN TURBINE ROTOR – STATOR SYSTEMSZvonimir Guzović, Branimir Matijašević, Željko TukovićFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaFor the solving of different problems in designing of new and exploitation of the existingsteam and gas turbines it is necessary to perfom the calculation of heat transfer on discsurfaces (i.e. on rotor surfaces) and for this the values of convective heat transfercoefficients have to be known. The latter are most frequently determined on the basis ofcorrelations obtained by means of experimental measurements, often without checkingthe possibility of their application in the individual case. In literature, there is a definitenumber of empirical correlations proposed by various researchers, which are mutuallydistinguished with regard to the range of change of the geometrical and gas-dynamicsparameters and with regard to choosing physical properties. All this makes theirapplication more difficult. Therefore, in the paper, the systematisation of empiricalcorrelations from literature is performed first, and after that the original generalisedcorrelations are proposed, obtained by means of statistical analysis of calculation resultsby systematised single correlations. The original generalised correlations proposed in thepaper ensure accuracy of calculations which satisfy engineering applications.Presented on:HEFAT 2002 – 1st International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics andThermodynamicsKruger Park, South Africa, 8 – 10 April 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branimir MatijaševićProject No. 0120011232
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 221COMPARISON OF FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGALFANS BY NUMERICAL MODELLING OF FLOWZvonimir Guzović, Stanislav Sviderek, Branimir MatijaševićFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThis paper presents the original algorithm of optimisation of energy conversion processes(i.e. of isentropic efficiency) in centrifugal fans by numerical modelling of flow in impeller.The algorithm is performed by means of validated and verified user software in which theexpert knowledge about hydraulic calculation of impeller are built. Algorithm ofoptimisation is interactively repeated until attaining maximum possible isentropicefficiency. The function of algorithm is presented on comparison of flow characteristicsand of efficiencies of energy conversions in centrifugal fans with impellers of constant andchangeable channel widths.Presented on:The 13th INTERNATIONAL DAAAM SYMPOSIUM ″Intelligent Manufacturing &Automation: Learning from Nature″Vienna, Austria, 23-26th October 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branimir MatijaševićProject No. 0120011233
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 222GRAFT COPOLYMER EPDM-g-PS AS A COMPATIBILIZER INSAN/EPDM BLENDSHrnjak-Murgić, Zlata; Ptiček, Anita; Jelenčić, Jasenka; Kratofil, LjerkaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe efficiency of graft copolymer EPDM-g-PS on miscibility in SAN/EPDM blends hasbeen studied. SAN/EPDM blends have poor physical and mechanical properties causedby their low miscibility. All studied samples were prepared by casting films fromchloroform solution. The first seria of samples contains SAN and EPDM in ratio 95/5 ;90/10 ; 85/15 ; 80/20 and in second seria 5 mass % of graft copolymer EPDM-g-PS wasadded. Graft copolymer EPDM-g-PS was synthes<strong>iz</strong>ed in heptane with benzoyl peroxideas initiator. Mechanical properties of prepared samples: tensile strength and elasticmoduls (at three different rates of extension) were determinated. EPDM-g-PS, SAN andEPDM were character<strong>iz</strong>ed by IR spectrophotometry. The obtained results show thattensile strength increases with the rate of extension. From lower values of tensile strengthit can be seen that graft copolymer EPDM-g-PS significantly decreases hardness andimproves elasticity. From that results it is obvious that adding of graft copolymer EPDM-g-PS into SAN/EPDM blends has the significant influence on their properties and miscibility.Presented on:Second international conference on polymer modification, degradation and stabil<strong>iz</strong>ation,(MoDeSt 2003),Budapest, Hungary, 30 June – 4 July 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vera KovačevićProject No. 0125013234
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 223APPLICATION OF THE PROGRAM MATHEMATICA IN DEVELOPINGROCK SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSES METHODSPetar, Hrženjak; Slavko, Vujec; Predrag, KvasničkaFaculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn the last few years some alternative approaches concerning methods of rock slopestability analyses have appeared beside the traditional or deterministic principle. The socalledpartial factor principle and the probabilistic approach have been introduced.However, the solution of stability large-scale rock slopes is still not found to a sufficientdegree regarding the complex shape of the slip surface and the calculation of the factorof safety. To carry out correct large-scale rock slopes stability analysis it is necessary toestablish a complex geotechnical model with thoroughly processed geological data.The program Mathematica, as a fully integrated environment for technical computing,facilitated the development of algorithm MathSlope assigned for rock slope stabilityanalysis according to above-mentioned requirements. In this paper the basics of thealgorithm MathSlope are presented in view of processing geological data, set-up ofgeotechnical model and method of estimation. In addition, the results of stability analysesof a rock slope case are given.Principla Investigator: Dr.sc. Slavko VujecProject No. 0195043Presented on:The Fourth International Conference on Computer Applications in the Minerals Industries(CAMI2003) Calgary, September 8-10 2003. Calgary, Canada.235
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 224THE IMPACT OF BORDER RULER ON PROCESSING PARAMETERSOF STRAIGHT SEAM SEWING OPERATIONHursa A.; Rogale D.; Dragčević Z.Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe investigations are presented of the impact of a sewing machine mechanicalattachment, border ruler, on processing parameters in sewing operations. Processingparameters are measured and values stored employing the MMPP system of measuringthem. Operation structure is altered using the border ruler and movements of auxiliaryhandsub-operations are made more rational, which considerably improves processingparameter values. Using the border ruler, basic time for the operation is reduced by28.9%, sewing machine utilisation degree is reduced for short seams up to 15.6%, andincreased for long seams (700 and 1000 mm) up to 30.1%. Specific sewing time for 1 mof seam is reduced by 34.0%, while average stitching speed for the machine-hand suboperationsis increased by as much as 75.8 %.Presented on:13th International DAAAM Symposium "Intelligent Manufacturing & Automation: Learningfrom Nature"Vienna, Austria, October 23-26, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Dubravko RogaleProject No. 0117003236
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 225LIMITATION OF MINIMAL EXCITATION CURRENT BY LOAD ANGLEREGULATIONTomislav Idzotic, Gorislav Erceg, Damir SuminaFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of ZagrebA synchronous generator connected to an AC system in capacitive operating mode isnear its stability limit. In such conditions, if some disturbances in the system appear, asynchronous generator could lose the synchronism. The classical solution of this problemis to keep a generator in stabile operating range of P-Q diagram by limiting the minimalexcitation current. This article analysis impact of additional control algorithms which areincluded in classical excitation regulation system with the purposes of keeping agenerator in synchronism when some disturbances appear and generator is near itsstability limit. These control algorithms include load angle estimation by corresponding P-Q diagram and load angle regulator which task is to keep the load angle of asynchronous generator operating in capacitive mode on the reference value so thatgenerator remains in synchronism.Presented on:EPE-PEMCRiga, Italy, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Gorislav ErcegProject No. 0036026237
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 226SOME SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF TRANSMISSIONS WITH NON-KINEMATICAL STEERING SYSTEM FOR HIGH SPEED TRACKEDVEHICLESŽivko ILIJEVSKI, Vjekoslav STOJKOVIĆ, Arben ABRASHIBrodarski Institut, Zagreb, CroatiaNon-kinematical Steering System is a specific way of transmissions for high speedtracked vehicles development. Starting from the use of simple clutches and brakes thissteering system evolved into a new transmission system named Transmission withIndependent Turning Radii (TITR) character<strong>iz</strong>ed by an exceptional compliance with thehigh speed tracked vehicle needs.The evolution of the Non-Kinematical Steering System has been following the line ofevolution of the requirements for overall vehicle characteristics, first of all speed andmaneuvering ability of the vehicle. The track of the Non- Kinematical Steering Systemevolution is character<strong>iz</strong>ed by improvement of the efficiency, effectiveness and powerdensity of different transmission solutions. The most significant use of this steeringsystem and a variety of transmission solutions have been applied in Eastern Europemilitary vehicles. The paper gives an overview of some different transmission solutionswith non-kinematical steering system underlying the evolution process in their maincharacteristics – efficiency and effectiveness in steering. it emphas<strong>iz</strong>es the influence ofthe arrangement of the kinematical (fixed) radii on the efficiency and effectiveness. Fieldtesting results of the effectiveness in steering, i.e. ability to follow a path of differenttransmission solutions are compared, one of them being the TITR transmission. Thetesting results show the influence of a kinematical (fixed) radius on the stability andsecurity in guiding the vehicle along a path and the efficiency of the transmission insteering conditions.Presented on:9 th European ISTVS ConferenceHarper Adams University, Newport, UK, September 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Živko IlijevskiProject No. 0192006238
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 227GARDENS OF HISTORICISM IN CROATIAIvanković, Vedran; Krajnik, DamirFaculty of Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaHistoricism precedes Secession and Protomodernism, and has left the most significanttrace of the garden architecture in Croatia. Historicism in Croatia continues the alreadyrich tradition of designing gardens and parks throughout the history, dating back to theAntique period. Now through the time of cultural rebirth after Illyrian movement. Thathistoricism is not only the historicism of central<strong>iz</strong>ed monarchy; it developed its owncreative impulse as well. We can categor<strong>iz</strong>e parks of Historicism by its types: civil publicparks, public parks of health-resorts and climate places, villa-gardens in cities, botanicalgardens and Promenades.Presented on:STILWECHSEL UND WECHSELWIRKUNGENEIN INTERNATIONALES SEMINAR JUNGER KUNSTHISTORIKERBudapest, Hungary, 9-11. OKTOBER 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mladen Obad ŠčitarociProject No. 0054029239
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 228KINEMATIC EVALUATION AND FORWARD KINEMATIC PROBLEMFOR STEWARD PLATFORM BASED MANIPULATORSD. Jakobović, L. JelenkovićFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CraotiaIn this paper two methods are presented. The first is a kinematic evaluation method fortwo different hexapod structures: standard Stewart platform manipulator with extensiblestruts and second structure with fixed strut lengths but sliding guideways on fixedplatform. The second method addresses the forward kinematic problem where differentmathematical representations are combined with various optim<strong>iz</strong>ation algorithms to find asuitable combination that may be util<strong>iz</strong>ed in real-time environment. Additionally, we notethe existence of equivalent trajectories of the mobile platform and suggest an adaptationto the solving method that, having satisfied certain assumptions, is able to successfullysolve the forward kinematic problem in real-time conditions with very high precision.Presented on:1 st Int. Conference on Computational Cybernetics ICCC 2003,Siofok, Hungary, August 29-31. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Leo BudinProject No. 0036051240
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 229HEXAPOD STRUCTURE EVALUATION AS WEB SERVICEL. Jelenković; D. Jakobović; L. BudinFaculty of electrical engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CraotiaThis paper describes several methods for evaluation of kinematic parameters of aStewart platform. One of those methods is the calculation of workspace area both innumerical and graphical form. The second method allows us to analyze and estimateinherent mechanism errors that occur due to actuator errors, elastic and thermaldeformations and other error sources. Furthermore, another procedure is presentedwhich calculates certain kinematic parameters throughout the workspace area of themodel and outputs them as numerical and graphical data. Finally, a forward kinematicsalgorithm designed for use in real-time conditions and its adaptation is presented. Thedescribed algorithms are implemented and made available as web services on the projectweb site (http://hexapod.zemris.fer.hr/).Presented on:1 st Int. Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics ICINCO 2004Setubal, Portugal, August 25-28. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Leo BudinProject No. 0036051241
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 230OPTIMIZATION OF ALKYL METHACRYLATE TERPOLYMERIZATIONPROCESS IN SOLUTIONJukić, Ante; Rogošić, Marko; Janović, ZvonimirFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe optim<strong>iz</strong>ation procedure of the long chain methacrylic acid esters terpolymer<strong>iz</strong>ationprocesses by the free radical initiation under homogeneous conditions, as well as theproperties of the obtained terpolymers as lubricating oil rheology modifiers has beendescribed. The examined monomers were: methyl methacrylate (MMA), dodecylmethacrylate (DDMA) and octadecyl methacrylate (ODMA). The relationship betweenmonomer mixture and terpolymer composition was displayed by a graphic method andlines of unique and binary azeotropic compositions were established. Also, the azeotropicternary point was observed at a molar ratio for MMA/DDMA/ODMA of 0.385/0.590/0.025.Regarding the similarity in values of copolymer<strong>iz</strong>ation reactivity ratio of binary monomerpairs, the wide pseudo-azeotropic region having homogeneous terpolymer compositioncould be estimated. The polymer<strong>iz</strong>ation reactions were performed in base mineral oilsolutions, under controlled temperature of the adiabatic and isothermal procedure, at 95-125 oC and at 100 oC, respectively. By changing the concentrations of peroxide initiator,as well as of chain transfer agent and monomer mixture ratio, the set of terpolymers ofdifferent molecular weigths was obtained. The properties of the additives, such askinematic viscosity, viscosity index and shear stability in mineral oil solutions weredetermined and correlated to their molecular mass. A kinetic model of Salaün wasdeveloped to account for the continuous, uniform addition of initiator solution during thepolymer<strong>iz</strong>ation process. The model was successfully tested against the experimentaldata. Considering the optim<strong>iz</strong>ation procedure, correlations of the polynomial formbetween the structural properties, i.e., number average molecular weight, polydispersityindex and terpolymer (monomer feed) composition and the application properties of theadditives, i.e., shear stability index and viscosity index, was found. In an attempt to findthe optimum reaction conditions we fixed the feed monomer composition and searchedfor the best values of number average molecular weight and polydispersity index. Theminimum was found for the monodisperse terpolymer. Since the adiabaticcopolymer<strong>iz</strong>ation process produced, in general, broader molecular weight distributions incomparison to the isothermal one, the latter process was found to be in preference overthe former, giving lover values of performance index (better rheological properties ofproducts) under similar experimental conditions.Presented on:Advance in Petroleum and Gas Industry and PetrochemistryLavov, Ukrain, 14-16.09.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Zvonimir JanovićProject No. 0125020242
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 231A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE CLOSED-FORM ANALYSIS ANDDESIGN OF A 4 th -ORDER SINGLE-AMPLIFIER FILTERD. Jurišić; N. Mijat; G. S. MoschytzFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn this paper we present a new analytical design procedure for arbitrary-order, singleamplifierclass-4 active-RC allpole filters. It is already known that only 2 nd - and 3 rd -orderfilters can be designed analytically using classical design methods [1] and the equationsof higher order still defy a closed-form solution. The new design method parses theladder network into consecutive L-sections, and makes use of their subsequent transferfunctions that can be calculated iteratively. This will be demonstrated in an example ofthe closed-form analysis and design of a special case of a 4 th -order unity-gain LP filter.The Butterworth and Chebyshev approximations with pass-band ripple 0.1-0.2[dB] areconsidered. The resulting expressions provide insight into the feasibility of real<strong>iz</strong>ing a 4 th -order filter. The procedure used for the analysis is mainly not only of academic interest,but may have practical significance for special problems.Presented on:11 th International IEEE Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems, ICECS 2004,Tel-Aviv, Israel, December 13-15, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Neven MijatProject No. 0036003243
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 232LOW ACTIVE-SENSITIVITY ALLPOLE ACTIVE-RC FILTERS USINGIMPEDANCE TAPERINGD. Jurišić; G. S. Moschytz; N. MijatFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaTo reduce the low-power allpole active-RC filter’s output magnitude sensitivity to passivecomponents, the “impedance tapering” design method was used. This design procedurehas been applied to the design of 2 nd - and 3 rd -order low-pass (LP) (class 4) Sallen-and-Key filters and has already been published [1]. In this paper the active sensitivity analysisusing MATHEMATICA was performed on the same “impedance tapered” filter sections asin [1]. The analysis was performed by calculation of the real filter’s transfer-functionmagnitude which was denormal<strong>iz</strong>ed to various cut-off frequencies from low to high, usinga single-pole model of a real operational amplifier. The amount of active and passivesensitivity reduction was compared using the same degree of impedance tapering. It wasdemonstrated that both sensitivities, i.e. active and passive, were correspondinglyreduced for the same filter. Thus, a judicious selection of component values accounts fora considerable decrease in both passive and active sensitivities.Presented on:IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2004,Vancouver, Canada, 23-25. May, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Neven MijatProject No. 0036003244
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 233LOW-NOISE LOW-POWER ALLPOLE ACTIVE-RC FILTERSMINIMIZING RESISTOR LEVELD. Jurišić; G. S. Moschytz; N. MijatFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe design procedure of 2 nd - and 3 rd -order low-sensitivity low-power allpole activeresistance-capacitance (RC) filters, using the impedance tapering design method hasalready been published. Beside sensitivity minim<strong>iz</strong>ation the impedance tapering was usedfor output noise minim<strong>iz</strong>ation and output dynamic range maxim<strong>iz</strong>ation. In this paper it isshown that active resistance-capacitance (RC) filters can also be designed for low inputthermal noise. The design procedure of filters with minimum input noise is very similar tothe design of minimum sensitivity filters in its most important steps. Thus, the judiciousselection of component values account for the considerable decrease in sensitivity and ininput thermal noise. The minimum noise at the filters input is obtained by minim<strong>iz</strong>ing thetotal resistance of the filter circuit. The noise analysis was performed on the 2 nd - and 3 rd -order (class 4) Sallen and Key low-pass filter sections using MATLAB.Presented on:IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2003,Bangkok, Thailand, 25-28. May, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Neven MijatProject No. 0036003245
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 234LOW-SENSITIVITY ACTIVE-RC HIGH- AND BAND-PASS SECOND-ORDER SALLEN & KEY ALLPOLE FILTERSD. Jurišić; G. S. Moschytz; N. MijatFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe design procedure of low-sensitivity, low-pass (LP) 2 nd -and 3 rd -order class-4 Sallenand Key active resistance-capacitance (RC) allpole filters, using impedance tapering, hasalready been published [1]. In this paper desensit<strong>iz</strong>ation using impedance tapering isapplied to HP and BP 2 nd -order filters. It is shown that HP filters have dual properties toLP filters in the sense of sensitivity. Among various topologies of BP filters, the besttopology is proposed. The sensitivity of a filter transfer function to component tolerancesis examined using the Schoeffler sensitivity measure as a basis for comparison. MonteCarlo runs are performed as a double-check. The component values, selected forimpedance tapering, account for the considerable decrease in sensitivities to componenttolerances for the LP as well as for the HP and BP filters.Presented on:IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2002,Phoenix, Ar<strong>iz</strong>ona-USA, 26-29 May, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Neven MijatProject No. 0036003246
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 235PASSIVE AND ACTIVE SENSITIVITY OF UNITY GAIN ACTIVE-RCALLPOLE FILTERSD. Jurišić; G. S. Moschytz; N. MijatFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn this paper the design procedure of unity-gain low-pass (LP) 2nd-and 3rd-order activeresistance-capacitance (RC) filters is presented. The sensitivity of the filter’s transferfunction magnitude to the variations of both active and passive components isinvestigated. The design procedure for low passive sensitivity, LP 2nd-and 3rd-orderclass-4 Sallen and Key active-RC allpole filters, using impedance tapering, has alreadybeen published [1]. On the other hand, the reduction of sensitivity to an active element isthe subject of minim<strong>iz</strong>ation of the Gain-Sensitivity-Product (GSP). In this paper wedemonstrate the application of impedance tapering to the extreme bounds finallyobtaining a unity gain filter. It is demonstrated that unity gain filters have reduced passivesensitivity to the highest degree, but increasingly high active sensitivity, with increasingpole Q-factors.Presented on:16 th European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, ECCTD 2003,Krakow, Poland, 1-4. September, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Neven MijatProject No. 0036003247
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 236SINGLE AMPLIFIER, ACTIVE-RC, BUTTERWORTH, ANDCHEBYSHEV FILTERS USING IMPEDANCE TAPERINGD. Jurišić; G. S. Moschytz; N. MijatFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn this paper the single-amplifier active-RC filter design procedure for some common filtertypes, using tables with normal<strong>iz</strong>ed filter component values, is presented. The consideredfilters consist of an RC ladder network in a positive feedback loop of an operationalamplifier. Tables for the filter structures having equal capacitors and equal resistors werealready presented [1],[2]. In this communication, we present tables for designing filtershaving low sensitivities to variations of passive components achieved by applying theconcept of impedance tapering. The Schoeffler sensitivity measure is used as a basis fora sensitivity comparison of the filters designed with equal capacitors, equal resistors andwith tapered capacitors. By using an impedance tapering design technique aconsiderable improvement in sensitivity is achieved. Low-pass filters of up to 6 th -order arepresented.Presented on:International Conference; Signal Processing, Pattern Recognition and Applications,SPPRA 2002, Crete, Greece, 25-28. June, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Neven MijatProject No. 0036003248
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 237AN EFFICIENT FREE ENERGY-BASED MODELINF OF KINEMATICHARDENING IN LARGE STRAIN ELASTOPLASTICITYIgor Karšaj 1 , Carlo Sansour 2 , Jurica Sorić 11) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,Croatia2) School of Petroleum Eng. and Management, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005,Australia, formerly: University of KarlsruheIn this paper, a free energy-based formulation incorporating the effect of kinematichardening is proposed. The formulation enjoys the features of reproducing symmetricexpressions for the back stress and of incorporating the multiplicative decomposition ofthe deformation gradient. Kinematic hardening is combined with isotropic hardeningwhere an associative flow rule and von Mises yield criterion are applied. An accurate andautomatically objective integration algorithm employing the exponential map isdeveloped. In order to ensure a high convergence rate in the global iteration approach,an algorithmic tangent operator is derived. The computational algorithm is implementedat the material point level of a shell finite element which allows the use of complete threedimensionalconstitutive laws. Robustness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm aredemonstrated by numerical examples.Presented on:7th International Conference on Computational PlasticityBarcelona, Spain, April 7-10, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jurica SorićProject No. 0120034249
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 238ON THE NUMERICAL MODELLING OF ORTHOTROPIC LARGESTRAIN ELASTOPLASTICITYIgor Karšaj 1 , Carlo Sansour 2 , Jurica Sorić 11) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,Croatia2) School of Petroleum Eng. and Management, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005,Australia, formerly: University of KarlsruheA constitutive model for orthotropic yield function at large strain elastoplasticity isdescribed in an invariant setting related to the referent configuration. The invariants areexpressed in terms of deviatoric part of Eshelby' stress tensor and structural tensors. Thematerial model enjoys a feature of the multiplicative decomposition of the deformationgradient. Kinematic hardening is combined with isotropic hardening. An accurate andtrivial wise objective integration algorithm employing the exponential map is derived. Theperformance of the proposed formulation is demonstrated by numerical simulation.Presented on:International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences,Madeira, Portugal, 26-29 July, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jurica SorićProject No. 0120034250
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 239GLOBAL ASYMPTOMIC STABILIZATION OF ROBOTMANIPULATORS WITH MIXED REVOLUTE AND PRISMATIC JOINTSKasač, J.; Novaković, B.; Majetić, D.; Brezak, D.The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaIn this paper a class of globally stable controllers for robotic manipulators with mixedrevolute and prismatic joints is proposed. The global asymptotic stabil<strong>iz</strong>ation is achievedby adding a nonlinear proportional and derivative term to the linear PID controller. Byusing Lyapunov's direct method, explicit conditions on controller parameters whichensure global asymptotic stability are obtained. Further, the Lyapunov function isemployed for the evaluation of a performance index and determination of optimal valuesof controller parameters. Finally, an example is given to demonstrate the obtained results.Presented on:6th IFAC Symposium on Nonlinear Control SystemsStuttgart,Germany, 1-3. September, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko NovakovićProject No. 0120025251
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 240PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF SATURATED PIDCONTROLLER FOR ROBOT MANIPULATORSKasač, J.; Novaković, B.; Majetić, D.; Brezak, D.The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaIn this paper a new approach to performance tuning of saturated PID controller for robotmanipulators is presented. The proposed approach is based on construction of aparameter dependent Lyapunov function. With the appropriate choice of the freeparameter, which is not included in stability conditions, a estimation of integralperformance index is obtained. The performance index depends on controller parametersand few parameters which character<strong>iz</strong>e the robot dynamics. The optimal values of thecontroller gains are obtained by minim<strong>iz</strong>ation of the performance index. An example isgiven to demonstrate the obtained results.Presented on:10th IEEE International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics,Miedzyzdroje, Poland. 30 August - 2 September 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko NovakovićProject No. 0120025252
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 241STABILITY ANALISYS OF FUZZY ROBOT CONTROL WITHOUTFUZZY RULE BASEKasač, J.; Novaković, B.; Majetić, D.; Brezak, D.The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaThis paper presents the stability analysis of an analytic fuzzy PID controllerfor robot manipulators. The analytic fuzzy control is a nonconventional approach thatuses an analytic function for output determination, instead of a fuzzy rule base. Thestability analysis is based on Lypunov's direct method and does not requirerepresentationof the plant dynamics in the form of Takagi-Sugenos's fuzzy model. The stabilitycriterion, which ensure local asymptotic stability, is obtained. Finally, an example isgiven to demonstrate the obtained results.Presented on:2003 International Joint Conference on Neural NetworksPortland, Oregon. USA, July 20-24, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko NovakovićProject No. 0120025253
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 242TIME OPTIMAL ROBOT CONTROL WITH OBSTACLE AVOIDANCECONSTRAINTSKasač, J., Novaković, B., Majetić, D., Brezak, D.The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaThis paper presents a numerical algorithm for time optimal control of nonlinearmultivariable systems with control and state vectors constraints. The algorithm is basedon the backpropagation-through-time algorithm (BPTT), which is used as a learningalgorithm for dynamic neural networks. Thus, it is not based on Lagrange multipliertechniques and the calculus of variations. The derived algorithm is used for the problemof time optimal robot control with control vector constraints and state vectors constraintsfor problem of obstacle avoidance.Presented on:13th International DAAAM Symposium,Vienna, Austria. 23-26 October, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko NovakovićProject No. 0120025254
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 243FEM ANALYSIS OF REVERSE DRAWING PROCESS OG STAINLESSSTEELKeran, Z.; Škunca, M.; Math, M.The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaResearch that is carried out shows analysis of reverse drawing process of stainlesssteel.Investigation is related to forces, material stress, and its behaviour. Analyzed valuesare punch forces in standard and reverse drawing process. Comparison is made betweenexperimental results and results that are obtained by numerical FEM analyses.Datasheets and force diagrams present the results, and material stress can be seen onfigures that are result of the numerical simulation.Presented on:15 th International DAAAM Symposium,«Intelligent Manufacturing & Automation: Globalisation - Technology – Men – Nature»Vienna, Austria, 3-6th November 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Miljenko MathProject No. 0120006255
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 244SINAPINIC ACID AS INHIBITOR OF Al-Mg ALLOY CORROSION INCHLORIDE SOLUTIONM. Kliškić; J.Radošević, L. Vrsalović, S. GudićFaculty of Chemical Technology, University of Split, CroatiaIncreasing awareness of health and ecological risks have provided an incentive forresearch into the possibility of inhibition of corrosion by means of compounds isolatedfrom plant materials, e.g. from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) (1,2) . This studyexamined the possibility of inhibition of corrosion of the Al-2.5Mg alloy in deaerated 0.5mol dm -3 NaCl solution at different temperatures (25 – 55 °C), by means of sinapinic acid(3,5-dimetoxy-4-hydroxycinammic acid). Sinapinic acid is phenolic acid also isolated fromrosemary leaves.The mesurements were performed in the conventional three - electrodecell. The additive was added in concentrations 1 × 10 -5 and 1 × 10 -4 mol dm -3 to the basicsolution. Potentiodynamic polarisation curves were produced with scanning rate of 2 mVs -1 , in potential range of E = E corr ± 150 mV. The least squares method was used toextrapolate Tafel streight lines and determine the electrochemical parameters.Polarisation resistance measurements were conducted in potential range of E = E corr ± 20mV with scan rate of 0.2 mV s -1 .The results obtained suggests that sinapinic acid acts aseffective corrosion inhibitor but its efficiency decreases with the increase of temperature.The inhibitory action could be explained by the formation of complexes in the form ofchelates between phenolic acids and metallic ions (2) . In this way sinapinic acid readilydonates a hydrogen atom (H + + e - ), thereby creating free phenoxy radicals, which formchelates together with Al 3+ ions present in the solution. The chelates formed laterprecipitate on the surface of the metal, inhibiting its corrosion.Presented on:ISE (55th Annual Meeting of the International Society of Electrochemistry)Salone, Greece, 19. do 24. September 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jagoda RadoševićProject No. 0011001256
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 245REMOVAL OF THE Cu(II) COMPLEX DYES FROM WASTEWATERWITH NATURAL ZEOLITEKoprivanac, Natalija; Cerjan-Stefanović, Štefica; Papić, Sanja; Meteš, Azra; Kušić,HrvojeFaculty of Chemical Technilogy and Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaZeolites are a class of aluminosilicate minerals, which have a wide application either asion exchangers, catalysts, adsorbents, membranes or additives in different types ofchemical industries. Their different chemical and physical properties enable them to beapplied as alternative materials in environmental-friendly processes. The present workconcerns the investigation of the potential application of natural and synthetic zeolites tothe removal of Cu(II) complex dyes: 2-[(2-pyridylmethylene)amino]phenol copper(II) and2-[(2-qynolylmethylene)amino]phenol copper(II), from colour-containing wastewaters. TheX-ray diffraction data have shown that Cu(II) ions with 2-[(2-pyridylmethylene)amino]phenol form a very large cationic complex of M2L2 (metal:ligand)stoichiometry with an acetate as a bridging group between two copper ions andperchlorate as anion, while the Cu(II) ions with 2-[(2-qynolylmethylene)amino]phenol formneutral type of 1:1 complex with an acetate ion in the coordination sphere. The treatmentefficiency with natural Croatian zeolitic material containing 67% clinoptiolite has beencompared with some synthetic zeolites. The results of this study could be a significantcontribution to still deficient field of wastewater treatment and especially for removal ofmetal complex dyes by means of zeolites avoiding the enrichment of water with toxiccations.Presented on:Zeolite '02, 6th International Conference on the Occurrence, Properties and Util<strong>iz</strong>ation ofNatural Zeolites,Tessaloniki, Greece, June 03-07.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Natalija KoprivanacProject No. 0125018257
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 246DECOMPOSITION OF BASIC VIOLET 14 IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONSBY USING AOPsKoprivanac, Natalija; Kušić, Hrvoje; Peternel, Igor; Locke, Bruce R.Faculty of Chemical Technilogy and Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaTriphenylmethane dyes are widely used in a number of different industries and therelease of waste streams from those industries present a serious problem forenvironment. Since common methods for treatment of such colored wastewaters are notsufficiently efficient, investigations are directed to developing new methods for waterpurification. Advanced oxidation processes are among the most promising methods. Inthis study the efficiency of Fenton, Fenton-like processes and high voltage electricaldischarge in combination with Fenton processes have been investigated for color removaland the degradation of triphenylmethane dye, C.I. Basic Violet 14.Presented on:4th International Symposium on Non-Thermal Plasma TechnologyPanama City Beach, Florida, USA, May 10-14.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Natalija KoprivanacProject No. 0125018258
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 247EFFECT OF ZEOLITES IN AOPs FOR DYE WASTEWATERTREATMENTKoprivanac, Natalija; Papić, Sanja; Lončarić Božić, Ana; Vujević, Dinko; Lazarević,Zvjezdana; Locke, Bruce R.Faculty of Chemical Technilogy and Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAdvanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the treatment of model wastewater containingorganic dye were investigated. C.I. Reactive Red 45 (RR45) was chosen as arepresentative of the azo type of dyes that cover more than half of the dyes availablecommercially, as well as a representative of the monochlorotriazine group of reactivedyes, consumption of which is continuously growing worldwide. The aim of the presentpaper is comparative evaluation of the efficiency and feasibility of applying high voltagepulsed electrical discharge (Corona), as well as Fenton and Peroxone processes to thedestructive treatment of RR45. The effect of HY, NaY and Naβ zeolite on decolor<strong>iz</strong>ationand degradation in those processes is discussedPresented on:14th International Zeolite ConferenceCapetown, South Africa April 25.-30.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Natalija KoprivanacProject No. 0125018259
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 248APPLICATION OF HYBRID GAS/LIQUID CORONA REACTORS ANDOTHER AOTs FOR DYE REMOVALKoprivanac, Natalija; Peternel, Igor; Kušić, Hrvoje; Locke, Bruce R.Faculty of Chemical Technilogy and Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaColored wastewaters present a serious problem for environment. Discharge of dyes isundesirable not only for aesthetic reasons (color is visible even in a low dyeconcentration). Many dyes and their breakdown products are toxic to aquatic life andcarcinogenic and mutagenic to humans. Due to these reasons, bleaching anddegradation of colored wastewater is still a significant environmental issue. AdvancedOxidation Technologies (AOTs) may be successful method for the wastewaterdegradation, without any further secondary waste generation. The most importantoxidative agent produced in different AOTs is hydroxyl radical that can be used forremoving or degradation of organic compounds in water solutions. In previous studies wehave compared the efficiency of hybrid corona discharge reactors with AOTs such asFenton process, Fenton "like" process, ozonation and peroxone process for bleachingand degradation of wastewater containing different concentration of reactive azo dye C.I.Reactive Blue 137 (RB137). Hybrid gas/liquid electrical discharge reactors involve highvoltage electrical discharge in water and in the gas phase above the water surface. Twotypes of Hybrid gas/liquid Corona reactors, known as hybrid series and hybrid parallelcorona reactors have been studied. Difference between those types of Hybrid coronareactors relate to the electrodes configuration, which is correlated with amount ofproduced ozone, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. The impact of solid particlessuch as zeolites HY and NH 4 ZSM5 on efficiency of Hybrid corona reactors, Fenton's andOzone processes was also studied. Decolor<strong>iz</strong>ation was measured spectrophotometricallyin all experiments, while mineral<strong>iz</strong>ation rate was monitored by the means of TOCparameters in chosen processes. All studied AOTs were showed as effective methods forbleaching of RB137 wastewater solution, especially for the lower dye concentrations.Zeolites NH 4 ZSM-5 and HY were showed as useful catalysts for dye removal in hybridcorona reactors, especially in parallel setup of hybrid corona reactors. Dye degradationkinetics of peroxone process was monitored. Reactions order as well as rate constantwas determined.Presented on:4th International Symposium on Non-Thermal Plasma TechnologyPanama City Beach, Florida, USA May 10-14.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Natalija KoprivanacProject No. 0125018260
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 249RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE PLANNED CITIES IN CROATIA(16 TH -18 TH C.)Krajnik, D.Faculty of Architecture, Universiti of Zagreb, CroatiaThe development of Croatian cities in the Renaissance and Baroque periods primarilydepended on geopolitics. At a time of continuous warfare against the Ottoman Empire,when Croatia was the last line of defence for Europe and Christendom (calledAntemurale Christianitatis by the Pope), urban planning mainly concentrated on theconstruction of fortified garrisoned cities to form a strong defence border. The mostimportant planned cities in this period were KARLOVAC, OSIJEK, STARA GRADIŠKAand BJELOVAR, whose urban organisation reflected the contemporary approach to townplanning in Western and Central Europe.Presented on:ISUF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE , THE PLANNED CITYTrani (Bari), Italy, 3-6 July, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mladen Obad ŠčitarociProject No. 0054029261
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 250A SPA GARDEN IN CROATIA AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY –LIPIKKrajnik, Damir; Ivanković, VedranFaculty of Architecture, Universiti of Zagreb, CroatiaIn the 19 th century a large number of very fine parks and gardens were created in Croatia,among which an important place was taken by spa gardens. In Croatia the mostimportant and most picturesque park of this kind is the spa garden in Lipik in Slavonia(north Croatia). The Lipik park is important from many aspects: urban and architecturaldevelopment, history and culture, dendrology and botany. The basic structure of the parkis defined by the buildings, avenues and tree lines, the system of garden walks and thepark interiors. The spa garden, in which all the health buildings were built, consists of twoparts: 1. the historicist (neo-baroque) geometric part and 2. the late-romantic (neoromantic)landscaped part of the park. In 1986 studies and the first plan for renewal of thepark were made and the first stage of renewal was completed in the summer of 1988. Allwork on renewal was broken off during Serb aggression against Croatia in 1991, whenthe park was completely devastated. In the year 2000 the second study and the projectfor the renewal and revitalisation of the Lipik spa were made.Presented on:STILWECHSEL UND WECHSELWIRKUNGENEIN INTERNATIONALES SEMINAR JUNGER KUNSTHISTORIKERBudapest, Hungary, 9. - 11. October 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mladen Obad ŠčitarociProject No. 0054029262
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 251LASER WELDING OF THIN SHEET HEAT-TREATABLE STEELS. Kralj; B. Bauer; Z. KožuhFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of ZagrebA report on the welding of heat-treatable steel 25 CrMo 4 and 42 CrMo 4, 2 mm thicksheet, with high power Nd:YAG laser is presented. Laser and process parameters wereexplored. Argon and Helium were used as shielding gases. Metalographic analysis wasdone to asses weld geometry on bead on plate welded samples. Optimum focus positionand full penetration welding speed range was determined for each combination ofmaterial and shielding gas.Presented on:The 14 th INTERNATIONAL DAAAM SYMPOSIUM"Intelligent Manufacturing & Automation: Focus on Reconstruction and Development"Sarajevo, Bosnia and Hercegovina, 22-25 st October 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Slobodan KraljProject No. 0120018263
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 252CORROSION PROTECTION BY Poly(ortho-etoxyaniline)M. Kraljić 1 , K. Kvastek 2 , V. Horvat-Radošević 21) Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Zagreb, Croatia2) Ruñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaPolyaniline (PANI) and its derivatives exist in three oxidation states (leucoemeraldine –LE, emeraldine – EM and pernigraniline - PB), and in open air EM is the most stable one.The potential range of the EM coincides with the steel passivation potential range, andfrom that follows the emeraldine corrosion protection capacity i.e. polyaniline acts as a“chemical potentiostat” [1]. In this work the electrochemical investigation of poly(orthoetoxyaniline)(POEA) has been carried out. The synthesis was carried out from 0.5 Morthoetoxyaniline in 1.5 M H2SO4 (POEASO4), and 3 M H3PO4 (POEAPO4) by cyclingfrom –400 mV to 1200 mV vs. Ag/AgCl. The substrate was stainless steel (13% Cr). Theobtained POEA coating was studied by immersion of the coated sample in puresupporting electrolyte solution, and the open circuit potential (Eoc) was monitored. Asshown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, it is found that POEA, when in EM state, maintains thestainless steel potential in passive region, i.e. it stabilises the oxide layer formed on thesubstrate during the potential cycling. It is also shown that in case of passivated steel, butnot protected by POEA, within short time the potential decreases from the passivationpotential region to the corrosion potential value. The tests were carried out for differentthickness of POEA layers and it was found that in sulphuric acid solution Eoc of thePOEA coated stainless steel decreases towards corrosion potential, and the time ofmaintaining the passivation potential value depends on the thickness of POEA layer. Incase of POEA coating from phosphoric acid solution there was no decrease of Eoc fromthe passivation potential region towards corrosion potential value during the time ofmonitoring (» 200 hours). It is known that the quality of the corrosion protection byconductive polymers, beside depending on the coating thickness, depends on the qualityof the substrate [1-3], therefore the prolonged corrosion protection in phosphoric acidsolution is attributed to the better protecting quality of the underlying oxide layer. POEAcoating on stainless steel has been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) to identify and characterise the oxidation states of POEA, POEA coating/metalinterface, as well as the state of the metal surface. It was found that, by increasing thecoating thickness, total impedance of the coating is lowered. This finding can beexplained by the change of the LE/EM ratio in the polymer coating, and/or by the changein ratio of coated/free surface area. Capacitive behaviour, obtained for low frequencyregion is characteristic of the EM state. Capacitive component, as expected [4],decreases with the decrease in the coating thickness.Presented on:203rd Meeting of the Electrochemical SocietyParis, France, April 27-May 2. 2003.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Ljerka DuićProject No. 0125010264
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 253TRANSFORMATION OF POLY(ORTO-ETOKSIANILINE) FILM INH3PO4 FOLLOWED BY NONSTATIONARY IMPEDANCESPECTROSCOPYM. Kraljić-Roković 1 , K. Kvastek 2 , V. Horvat-Radojević 2 , Lj. Duić 11) Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Croatia2) Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaPotentiodinamically prepared (-0.2 V to +1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl at 50 mV s-1) poly(ortoetoksianiline)(POEA) from 3 mol dm-3 H3PO4 + 0.5 mol dm-3 ortoetoksianiline at theplatinum electrode surface has been character<strong>iz</strong>ed in 3 mol dm-3 H3PO4 at the potentialof formation of low-conductive pernigraniline form of POEA (E =+0.53 V vs. Ag/AgCl),and various starting times, ts, of IS spectra measurements. The system showed asignificant evolution during measurements, giving the time dependent IS. The correctionfor time-dependencies was performed by: i) the presentation of real, Zm’, and imaginary,Zm’’, parts of the total measured impedance as a function of time for each measuredfrequency, ii) the interpolation of n-degree polynomial functions through the obtainedpoints, iii) the calculation of corrected Zc’, and Zc’’ parts of impedance for somechosentime, tc, and iv) the construction of the corrected IS. The corrected IS showed that thetransition from a conductive to a low-conductive form of POEA is a slow processaccompanied by about two orders of magnitude increase of impedance.Presented on:55th Annual Meeting of the International Society of ElectrochemistryThessaloniki, Greece, 19-24 Sept 2004Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Ljerka DuićProject No. 0125010265
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 254THE EFFECT OF POLYANILINE AND MODIFIED POLYANILINECOATINGS ON STAINLESS STEEL CORROSION PROTECTIONMarijana Kraljić, Mark ŽicFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology,University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn recent years it has been recogn<strong>iz</strong>ed that conductive polymer coatings on steel surface[1-4] stabil<strong>iz</strong>e the potential of the substrate in the passivation region and thus protect itfrom corrosion. This work investigates the corrosion protection of stainless steel byelectrochemically deposited polyaniline (PANI) and modified polyaniline coatings. PANIcoatings on stainless steel (13% Cr) were synthes<strong>iz</strong>ed from 0.5 M solutions of aniline in 3M H2SO4, and in 3M H3PO4, and from 0.5 M aniline with additions of 5, 10 and 25 mMof ortho-phenilenediamine (OPDA1, OPDA2, OPDA5) in 3 M H2SO4. The composition ofthe solution for coatings influences the rate of PANI deposition. It is found that in sulfuricacid solutions the rate of PANI coating growth decreases with the increase of OPDAaddition (Fig. 1). The decrease in PANI growth rate can be attributed to the change inpolymer<strong>iz</strong>ation mechanism due to the OPDA additions. The presence of OPDA caninfluence the appearance of the ladder-like structure, the branching of the polymer chainsvia amino- groups in ortho–position, as well as the earlier termination of the chain growth.The change in the polymer<strong>iz</strong>ation mechanism leads also to the different morphology whatis observed on SEM micrographs. The efficiency of PANI coatings in stainless steelcorrosion protection was tested by observing the open circuit potential (Eoc) of the coatedsample immersed in pure supporting electrolyte. As shown in Fig. 2 the time ofmaintaining the potential in the passive region increases with the increase in thethickness of PANI layer (PANI1: Q=18 mC, PANI2: Q=80 mC) and with the increase ofOPDA addition. From earlier work it is known that PANI coatings, synthes<strong>iz</strong>ed fromphosphoric acid solutions, offer corrosion protection superior to PANI coatings fromsulfuric acid solutions [4]. In this work, therefore, coatings of different thickness weretested. Since the earlier investigated PANIPO4 thickness proved to offer long timecorrosion protection, the tests were carried out for thinner layers of PANIPO4 coatings.For all the tested coatings of the thickness >1 mC cm-2 (d » 0.02 mm, N = 10 cycles) Eocduring the time of observation (150–200 hours) was maintained in the passive potentialregion (Fig. 3). A comparison of the rate of PANI growth in dependence of the number ofcycles (N) during the syntheses is given in Fig. 4.Presented on:203rd Meeting of the Electrochemical SocietyParis, France, April 27-May 2. 2003.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Ljerka DuićProject No. 0125010266
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 255MECHANICAL RECYCLING OF PETKratofil, Ljerka; Hrnjak-Murgić, Zlata; Jelenčić, Jasenka.Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaGenerally, mechanical recycling is the most used technology to handle post-consumerand post-industrial polymer waste. However, the mechanical recycling process leads tosome irreversible changes in properties and structure of materials due to the hightemperatures, high pressure and shear force that are applied. In order to be acceptablefor further use recycled material must not lose mechanical properties, durability andaesthetics. To avoid the damaging processes the recycling process parameters shouldbe carefully engineered. Poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, is one of the polymermaterials which occupies large fraction in polymer waste stream and should be recycled.An efficient way to successfully formulate recycled materials with some new properties isto mix them with other polymers. In this study polymer blends of PET and HDPE (highdensity polyethylene) were prepared by blending at 260 °C in Brabender plasticorder.The studied PET and HDPE materials were collected from a real waste stream of bottles.It is well known fact that PET and HDPE are incompatible polymers and influence ofdifferent fractions of HDPE polymer in PET/HDPE blend was considered. For thispurpose samples of PET/HDPE blends were prepared in various compositions: 90/10,94/6, 97/3, 99/1, 99.3/0.7, 99.5/0.5, 99.7/0.3, 99.9/0.1, respectively. Samples ofPET/HDPE blends containing 5 wt.-% of compatibil<strong>iz</strong>er 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate +hexamethylene diisocyanate were also prepared and analyzed. Prepared samples wereanalyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical properties and melt flowrate (MFR) were also determined. Prepared blends were analyzed by infraredspectroscopy (IR) to detect appearance of degradation products. Results of the studiedsamples indicate that thermal processes used during recycling cause deterioration ofphysical properties. It can be also seen that blends prepared with lower HDPE contentshow improved properties that is result of higher miscibility of PET and HDPE.Improvement of blend properties is achieved by adding a compatibil<strong>iz</strong>er which minim<strong>iz</strong>esinterfacial tension and improves interfacial adhesion between the polymers. The differentdegradation processes occurring during PET recycling affect the final properties of blendsand may change their compatibility.Presented on:18th Bratislava International Conference on Modified Polymers "ModPol 2003"Stara Lesna, Visoke Tatre, Slovakia, 05.-08. October 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vera KovačevićProject No. 0125013267
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 256STUDY OF MECHANICALLY RECYCLED PET/HDPE BLENDSKratofil, Ljerka; Hrnjak-Murgić, Zlata; Jelenčić, Jasenka; Ptiček, AnitaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaLarge amount of polymer waste is a matter of a big concern. Since polymer materials arenot biodegradable, a possible solution is the recycling of such material by thermomechanicaltechniques. This study takes into consideration the mechanical recycling ofpost-consumed plastic bottles made of poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET and highdensity polyethylene, HDPE. When polymer materials are mechanically recycled, theydegrade due to the shear and heat in the processing step. It is of great importance tounderstand the degradation behaviour and to prevent it during recycling of polymer. Theprepared polymer blends of post-consumer PET and HDPE were studied andcharacter<strong>iz</strong>ed. Their properties show general tendencies in deterioration of propertiesduring recycling process. For this purpose samples of PET/HDPE blends were preparedin Brabender plasticorder in various compositions and samples of PET/HDPE blendscontaining compatibil<strong>iz</strong>er 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate + hexamethylene diisocyanatewere also character<strong>iz</strong>ed. Prepared blends were subjected to simulated recycling: theywere ground into flakes and another cycle of mixing was carried out in Brabenderplasticorder, the procedure of mixing was repeated few times. Samples were analyzed bydifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and melt flow rate (MFR) was determined. DSCresults indicate that each thermal process that was applied on PET/HDPE blendsincreases the crystallinity and causes deterioration of properties. Studied PET/HDPEblends showed deterioration of properties with every new cycle of thermal mixingprocess, mainly due to immiscibility of PET and HDPE. Simulated recycling elucidatesdegradation processes which occur during mechanical recycling and enables to tailor theconditions of recycling process.Presented on:POLYCHAR-12, 12th Annual Polychar World Forum on Advanced MaterialsGuimaraes, Portugal, 06.-09. January 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vera KovačevićProject No. 0125013268
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 257A CONTRIBUTION TO THE OPTIMAL CHOICE OF THE HCR-GEARSREGARDING FRICTIONAL LOSSESBožidar KRIŽAN, Robert BASAN, Neven LOVRIN,Faculty of Engineering, Universiti of Rijeka, CroatiaHigh transverse contact ratio (HCR) gears are non-standard involute gears with atransverse contact ratio ε α > 2 which proved adequate for use in automobiles, trucks,aircrafts and ships. The paper deals with the dependence of the sliding friction losses onHCR spur gears geometry such as pressure angle, tooth height, gears centre distanceresp. addendum modification coefficients sum, addendum modification coefficients sumdistribution and other parameters. The calculations are based on the comparisonbetween the values of the sliding friction loss geometrical factor, which comprises theinfluence of the magnitude, and form of the toothing. A proper choice of these parametersis necessary for achieving good gearbox efficiency. The calculations results are shown indiagrams which can be a tribological guideline to a designer in choosing gears optimalgeometrical parameters.Presented on:Second International Tribology Conference - SITC 2002Zielona Gora, Poland, 25 - 28 August 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Božidar KrižanProject No. 0069019269
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 258STABILIZATION OF HAZARDOUS ZEOLITE WASTES IN CEMENTCOMPOSITES AND ITS EFFECT ON HYDRATION PROCESSESPetar Krolo, Ruža Krstulović, Pero Dabić, Anka Žmikić, Ana BubićFaculty of Chemical Technology, University of Split, CroatiaHazardous wastes containing Zn 2+ -ions was stabil<strong>iz</strong>ed by means of solidification ofcement pastes by hydration of industrial portland cement PC-45B. Cement pastes wereprepared with different additions of zeolite tuff, W Z =(0,0 - 50,0%), saturated by Zn 2+ -ions.The addition zeolite relates to the mass of the solid (cement + zeolite) and to predefinedW/S (water/solid) ratios with constant addition of the plastic<strong>iz</strong>er admixture. Solidificationwas carried out by hydration at 20°C. Computer-guided conductometry, differentialmicrocalorimetry and UV/Vis spectrophotometrical analysis were used in examinations.The analysis of conductograms shows the relation between the measured specificconductivity and the content of the zeolite tuff in the cement paste. The higher the zeolitetuff content in the composite, the lower the measured specific conductivity. With theincrease of the zeolite content, the conductogram maximums shift proportionally to laterhydration times.Microcalorimetrical measurements also indicate that the hydration heat and the reactiondegree depend on the quantity of the zeolite addition. The hydration heat of thecomposite decreases with the increase in the zeolite content. The relative reactiondegree for cement changes relative to the content of the zeolite addition. The amplitudesof major thermal effects, i.e. their maximums, assume increasingly lower values with theincrease of the zeolite addition content in the composite. The locations of thesemaximums can be mathematically predicted and described by the functional dependencebetween the time and the zeolite addition content.The content of Zn 2+ - ions when leaching with water and/or 0,5M HAc in eluates indicatesthat the Zn 2+ ion concentration decreases with the time of solidification and increases withthe increase of the zeolite addition content.The results obtained indicate that hazardous wastes can be successfully stabil<strong>iz</strong>ed inhydration processes by solidification in cement composites, thereby reducing its harmfuleffects on the environment to acceptable values. Moreover, such hazardous wastes can,to some degree, become components used to form new composites.Presented on:11th Conferece on Materials and Technology,Portoroz,Slovenija, 1.-3. October 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Petar KroloProject No. 0011009270
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 259A THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONTACT ELEMENT BASED ON THEMOVING FRICTION CONE APPROACHL. Krstulović-Opara, P. WriggersFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split,CroatiaA finite element contact approach based on the Moving Friction Cone (MFC) formulationis presented herein. Generally, when describing a contact between two bodies, themaster-node to slave-surface approach based on the contact constraint in the form of thenormal and the tangential gap is often used. Instead of this gap splitting, in the MFCformulation the contact constraint is defined using a single gap vector. Such asimplification, in comparison with the standard approach, where normal and tangentialgap vectors are used, enables significantly simpler, shorter and faster element code. Thepenalty formulation is described in the Lagrangian form what enables large deformationsand displacements. A triangular contact element is developed using a high abstractmathematical level of symbolic description. Thus enabling a consistent linearisation,quadratic rate of convergence, algorithmic robustness, fast evaluation time, as well as acompact element code.Presented on:Computational Plasticity VIIBarcelona, Spain, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Željko DomazetProject No. 0023023271
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 260A TWO-DIMENSIONAL C1-CONTINUOUS CONTACT ELEMENTBASED ON THE MOVING FRICTION CONE DESCRIPTIONL. Krstulovic-Opara, P. WriggersFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split,CroatiaA C1-continuous contact surface smoothing approach based on the Moving FrictionCone (MFC) formulation is presented herein. The formulation is based on the contactconstraint described using a single gap vector. Such a simplification, in comparison withthe standard approach where normal and tangential gap vectors are used, enablessignificantly simpler, shorter and faster element code. The contact segment surface issmoothed using mid-nodes and C1 cubic polynomials. Therefore all advantages ofsurface smoothing, such as unique definition of normal for regions near the edges ofmaster surfaces or elimination of jumps in normal between adjacent segments, areapplied to the MFC formulation. Nonlinear contact elements are developed using a highabstract mathematical level of symbolic description. Thus enabling the consistentlinearisation, quadratic rate of convergence, algorithmic robustness, fast evaluation timeas well as a compact element code.Presented on:Fifth World Congress on Computational Mechanics,Vienna, Austria, July 7-12, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Željko DomazetProject No. 0023023272
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 261GAS/LIQUID HYBRID ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE REACTION FORTHE DEGRADATION OF ORGANIC DYES AND PHENOL IN WATERKušić Hrvoje; Koprivanac, Natalija; Locke, Bruce R.Faculty of Chemical Technilogy and Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaHybrid gas/liquid electrical discharge reactors involve simultaneous high voltage electricaldischarges in water and in the gas phase above the water surface. Two types of pulsedcorona reactors, the hybrid-series and the hybrid-parallel, have recently been developedand tested in our laboratory. The hybrid-series reactor util<strong>iz</strong>es a high voltage needle pointelectrode immersed directly in the water phase while the ground electrode (made ofreticulated vitreous carbon, RVC) is placed in the gas phase above the water surface.This electrode configuration leads to relatively intense plasma channels between thesurface of the liquid and the ground electrode in the gas phase. The hybrid-parallelreactor util<strong>iz</strong>es a high voltage electrode (made of RVC) in the gas phase above the waterin conjunction with the high voltage needle electrode immersed in the water. The groundelectrode, also made of RVC, is placed at the interface between the gas and liquid phase.The gas phase plasma in this case resembles conventional gas phase corona discharge.In both reactor types the liquid phase discharge resembles that observed in previouswork with direct discharge in the water. In previous work we have measured the rates offormation of ozone and hydrogen peroxide and have found that the rates of formation ofhydrogen peroxide in the two hybrid reactors are the same as in a reference reactorconfiguration where no gas phase discharge occurs. We have also shown that theconcentration of ozone in the hybrid-parallel reactor is ten times higher than in the hybridseriesreactor, while no measurable ozone is formed in the reference case. The parallelreactor was found to be more efficient than the other two reactors in the degradation ofnitrophenol. The current work focuses on the degradation of phenol and one type of azodye, reactive blue 137, in the three reactors with and with the addition of zeolite catalystsin the liquid phase. Experiments have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of thevarious reactor configurations on the dye decolor<strong>iz</strong>ation and the phenol oxidation. Inaddition, these experiments contribute to our understanding of the various reactivespecies formed in the different hybrid reactor configurations, and to the evaluation of theeffects of several types of zeolites including H/Y, Na/Y, ZSM-5, and Fe-ZSM-5 on theorganic contaminant removal.Presented on:8th International Conference on AOTs for Water and Air RemediationToronto, Canada, November 17-22.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Natalija KoprivanacProject No. 0125018273
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 262THE EFFECT OF TRAM TRACK PERMANENT WAY CLOSURESYSTEM ON THE LEVEL OF NOISELakušić, S.; Dragčević, V.; Rukavina, T.Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe paper deals with the analyses results of the noise level measurements carried out onthe five different types of tram track permanent way closure while varying the followingkey parameters: load, speed and the type of the tram vehicle. The study involves theperformance of the tram vehicles that are operating in the city of Zagreb. Measurementresults were used for the choice of the system of the tram track permanent way closure.In addition to the noise level, the criteria included the economy of the performance andmaintenance as well. The choice refers to the tram track closure system that is notseparated from the road traffic, which means that the same traffic surface is shared bythe road and tram vehicles. The next closure system proved to be optimal for the tramtracks in a separated lane.Presented on:9th International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment (URBANTRANSPORT 2003)Crete, Greece, 10 – 12 March 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko PollakProject No. 0082221274
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 263EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE RAIL BEHAVIOR IN THE CASEWITH IRREGULATORY ON RUNNING SURFACE AND WITHOUT ITLakušić, S.; Rak, M.Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn the course of supervision of tram track reconstruction in Zagreb and Osijek (Croatia)considerable damages caused by vehicle moving over the track running surface withirregularities were identified. The repair of such damages is expensive and necessarilyrequires the stopping of tram traffic. There is an interference with the road traffic on thesections shared both by tram and road vehicles as well,which is the case in the center ofthe city. The mentioned facts represent the major issue for the Zagreb tram track as thetraffic loading of some sections in the center of the city is up to 15 MGT/year per crosssection. Not only additional dynamic loads are generated by geometric irregularities onthe track running surface but there is also the reduction of the element effects of tramfastening, the deterioration of the tram geometry, negative impact on vehicle, loweredcomfort of journey and increase in the noise level. These consequences lead to theinvestigation of tram construction behaviour during the vehicle running along the trackwith a smooth running surface as well as along the tracks with irregularities.Presented on:20th Danubia-Adria Symposium on Experimental Methods in Solid Mechanics,Györ, Hungary, 24 – 27 September 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko PollakProject No. 0082221275
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 264NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THETRAMTRACK INTERACTIONLakušić, S.; Rak, M.; Lazarević; D.Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaCompared to railway tracks the tram tracks, as special track constructions seem to belittle explored. What is more, the current regulations (UIC, VDV Oberbau – Richtlinien,CEN) do not significantly handle the tram tracks either. According to the UITP(International Union of Public Transport) data the tram track traffic volume of severalEuropean cities (Lodz, Wien, Basel) amount up to 10 million gross tons a year(MGT/year). Hence, attention should be paid to the Zagreb tram tracks, as some sectionsin the center of the city are loaded up to 15.2 MGT/year per cross section, with a tramrunning frequency under 1 minute. Despite the fact that the tram tracks feature lowerrunning speed and less load per wheel compared to those of the railway ones, the trafficvolume of the tram tracks are of more considerable concern. An adequately chosen tramconstruction type guarantees higher exploitive load, so it will satisfy both safety anddurability requirements. Experimentally supported numerical methods can significantlyhelp to solve the above-mentioned problems.Presented on:2nd Youth Symposium on Experimental Solid Mechanics (2nd YSESM)Ravenna, Italy, 7 – 10 May 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko PollakProject No. 0082221276
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 265NUMERICAL MODEL OF TRAM-TRACK INTERACTION WITHFAILURES ON RAIL SURFACELakušić, S.; Rak, M.; Lazarević, D.Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe paper deals with numerical model of a tram moving on the track. The rail is modelledas elastically supported continuous beam with lumped masses. A vehicle is approximatedas a discrete system consisting of three rigid masses connected with linear elasticsprings. Dissipation mechanisms in the system are modelled with the linear dashpots.The input parameters are obtained from manufacturer and from measurements in thelaboratory and in situ. Two basic assumptions that are used are: a) the Euler-Bernoullibeam theory and b) the separation of the wheel from the rail is not permitted. The systemof differential equations of motion is solved by an implicit version of step by step methodbased on the direct integration technique. The algorithm is conceived on the first orderpredictor – (re) corrector method. The contact condition is modelled by the force method.Results of the calculations are compared with the results of measurement on the tramtrack. Numerical predictions for displacements and accelerations are in good agreementwith the experimental findings.Presented on:Ninth International Conference on Computer Aided Design, Manufacture andOperation in the Railway and Other Advanced Mass Transit Systems (COMPRAIL 2004),Dresden, Germany, 17-19 May 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko PollakProject No. 0082221277
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 266PROPOSAL FOR THE VALUE OF PERMITTED TOLERANCEONWIDTH OF GROOVED RAILSLakušić, S., Rukavina, T.; Dragčević, V.Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThis paper describes a research in geometry of grooved rails (type Ri 60/R10). Theresearch was carried out in the last seven years (from 1994 to 2001). The measuring ofrails geometry was done before building-in of the rails in to the tramway track or duringthe supervision grooved rails of production in the factory. Special attention was given tothe width guide of grooved rails because the technical specifications for grooved rails(VDV OBERBAU Richtlinien) have not defined permitted tolerance for a guide width ofgrooved rails. Therefore, some difficulties arise from this fact, during production andsupervision of grooved rails in the factory. The results of research can serve as arecommendation for the value of permitted tolerance of the guide width of grooved rails.The results can also be applied as a proposal in the setting of European Standard forgrooved rails.Presented on:8th International Conference on Computer Aided Design, Manufacture and Operation inthe Railway and Other Advanced Mass Transit Systems (COMPRAIL 2002)Lemnos, Greece,12 - 14 June 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko PollakProject No. 0082221278
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 267THE IMPACT OF TRAM MOTION ON THE VIBRATION INTENSITY OFTHE TRAM TRACKLakušić, S.; Rukavina, T.; Dragčević, V.Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe paper deals with the investigation of the vibration intensity of the tram track resultingfrom the passing of five different tram vehicle types. The study was performed on the newtram track built on the continuous reinforced concrete base closed with prefabricatedreinforced concrete plates. The rails are continuously welded and laid on the supportsplaced at 100cm distance. The web and the foot of the rail are embedded in elastomericmaterials. Tram track construction described above is usually applied in the veryimportant urban areas of the city of Zagreb where the road and tram vehicles share thesame traffic surface. In Croatia there are no verified regulations in the vibration field, sothe investigation was carried out according to the German DIN 4150 standard. Accordingto DIN 4150, the vibration intensity is defined by the coefficient KB (the equal perceptionvalue) determining the impact of vibrations on human body and buildings. The frequencyspectrums of vibrations are determined for the evaluation of vibration intensity at themoment of maximal measured vibrations for each tram pass. The investigation resultswere used to define the effects of individual tram types on the vibration intensity of thetram track and to undertake necessary measures to reduce vibration impact on humanbody and surrounding buildings.Presented on:Eleventh International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV11),St. Petersburg, Russia, 5-8 July 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko PollakProject No. 0082221279
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 268ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL FREE VIBRATIONS ANALYSIS OFTHIN RECTANGULAR CLAMPED PLATESLanc, D.; Čanañija, M.; Čehić, Z.Faculty of Engeneering, University of Rijeka, CroatiaMany problems of modern technology require a detailed understanding of the motion(dynamics) of plates. The central problem of vibrations, free and forced motion of platesof bounded extent, and associated mathematical tools such as eigenfunctions andeigenvalues are discussed in this paper. The objective is to use the concept of thin platesin bending according to Kirchoff’s assumptions and to analyze their free vibrationbehavior. An analytical solution of the lowest eigenvalue of vibration of clampedrectangular thin plate is obtained using Ritz’s method on the basis of assumed modeshape. Finite element analysis on the same example brings out the results for highernatural frequencies and associated mode shapes of freely vibrating clamped rectangularthin plate.Presented on:PAMMHungary, May, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip BrnićProject No. 0069006280
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 269NUMERICAL MODELLING OF NORTON POWER CREEP LAWLanc, D.; Čehić, Z.; Roščić, S.Faculty of Engeneering, University of Rijeka, CroatiaModeling of one of the most commonly used constitutive creep lows, Norton power low, isdiscussed. From the aspect of this paper Norton power law must not only give adequatepicture of the material behaviour, but must also be suitable from the view of numericalmodeling possibility. Application of finite element method to simulation of behaviour ofcreeping structure obeying Norton power low on one example is presented.Presented on:PAMMHungary, January 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip BrnićProject No. 0069006281
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 270COMPUTER SIMULATION OF INDUCTION SURFACE HARDENINGFOR AXIALLY SYMMETRIC WORKPIECESDarko Landek, Franjo Cajner, Tomislav FiletinFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaTo achieve a higher quality process planning and a more flexible execution of theinduction hardening process the computer simulation of electromagnetic andthermodynamic processes as well as microstructural transformation is recommended.This paper describes and suggests an own simulation model of the induction hardeningprocess and describes a special simulation program that has been developed for theinduction surface hardening of axially symmetric steel workpieces. The simulationprogram performance has been tested by experiments in some cases of high frequencyinduction hardening of cylindrical specimens made of DIN 42CrMo4 steel grade. Themeasured values of surface hardness and hardening depths have been compared withthe simulated values and a good correspondence between simulated and measuredvalues has been obtainedPresented on:2 nd International Conference Thermal Process Modelling and Computer Simulation,Nancy, France, March 31 st - April 2 nd 2003.Principal Investigator :Dr.sc. Tomislav FiletinProject No. 0120032282
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 271OPTIMIZATION OF THE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP CONTROL OFCOOLING PLANTLadislav Lazić 1 , Predrag Jelić 1 , Peter Horbaj 21) Faculty of Metallurgy, University of Zagreb, Sisak, Croatia2) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Košice, SlovakiaThe discussion here is concentrated on the optimisation of centrifugal pump controls ofthe cooling plant in the aluminium factory TLM Šibenik. The goal of optimisation is tominim<strong>iz</strong>e the pump operating costs and thereby minim<strong>iz</strong>e the unit cost of cooling throughenergy consumption and maintenance costs. In the paper a short description of thecooling plant, review of the methods of centrifugal pump control and the suggestion of theoptimal pump control for the considered pump station were given.Presented on:6th International Scientific Conference, "Effective production, transmission andconsumption of energy",M. Lučivna, Slovakia29th September - 1st October, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mirko GojićProject No. 0124005283
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 272PRE-TREATMENT OF CaCO 3 NANOFILLER BY IRADIATIONMETHOD IN PRESENCE OF VINYL MONOMERS FOR PVAcCOMPOSITESM. Leskovac, V. Kovačević, S. Lučić-Blagojević, D. Vrsaljko, V. Volovšek, F.RanogajecFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaWe have performed irradiation γ - 60 Co rays in the presence of vinyl monomer in order tomodify the calcium carbonate nanofiller surface. We have also investigated how thenanocomposite preparation i.e. by simple mixing with poly(vinyl acetate) matrix and/or insitu polymerisation in the presence of nanofiller influences the properties of the PVAccomposites. The organic coating on the surface of inorganic filler could in some cases actas a coupling agent between filler and matrix.We repost on: a) chemical interaction between the CaCO 3 nanoparticles and organiccoating create during irradiation in the presence of selected vinyl monomer; b)morphological changes induced by the addition of CaCO 3 unmodified and irradiationmodified nanoparticles in PVAc matrix; c) mechanical and thermal properties of thenanocomposite with PVAc matrix; d) effect of the way of composite preparation.Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and/or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) wereapplied for the filler surface characterisation and for interactions filler+coatings wereused.The conclusions about the changes at filler surface after the treatment and its influenceon the interphase in composite followed by the changes in the properties were drown.Presented on:POLYCHAR-11, 11th Annual Polychar World Forum on Advanced MaterialsDenton, USA, 7. -10. January 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vera KovačevićProject No. 0125013284
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 273A LOCKING-FREE MESHLESS LOCAL PETROV-GALERKIN (MLPG)FORMULATION FOR THICK & THIN PLATESQ. Li 1 ; J.Sorić 2 ; T. Jarak 2 ; S. N. Atluri 11) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,Croatia2) Center for Aerospace Research & Education, University of California, Irvine, CA.92612, USAIn this paper, a locking-free meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) formulation isdeveloped for both thick and thin plate. Shear locking is eliminated by changing twodependent variables in the governing equations. The concept of three-dimensional solidplate is used in the current formulation. Numerical examples at both thin plate limit andthick plate limit are analyzed.Presented on:Sixth World Congress on Computational Mechanics,Beijing, China, September 5-10, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jurica SorićProject No. 0120034285
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 274ORGANIC SYNTHETIC DYE DEGRADATION BY MODIFIED PINHOLEDISCHARGELončarić Božić, Ana; Koprivanac, Natalija; Šunka, Pavel; Člupek, Martin; Babicky,VaclavFaculty of Chemical Technilogy and Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of applying a high voltage pulsedelectrical discharges for dye wastewater treatment. Commercial organicmonochlorotriazine reactive dye of the anthraquinone type C.I. Reactive Blue 49 (RB49)was chosen as a representative of persistent and recalcitrant wastewater pollutant. Themodified pinhole discharge flow-through reactor was used to treat such type ofcontaminant. Applying HV pulses 30 kV, 3.15 J/pulse, 50 Hz repetition rate, completedecolor<strong>iz</strong>ation and partial mineral<strong>iz</strong>ation of RB49 has been reached and demonstrated bymeans of UV/VIS absorption, TOC and AOX measurements.Presented on:21 st Symposium on Plasma Physics and TechnologyPrague, Czech Republic, June 14-17.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Natalija KoprivanacProject No. 0125018286
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 275SILANE PRE-TREATMENT OF CALCIUM CARBONATENANOFILLERS FOR PU COMPOSITESS. Lučić-Blagojević, V. Kovačević, M. Leskovac, D. Vrsaljko, V. Volovšek, C. NoverFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn this work we have investigated the effects of CaCO 3 nanofiller pre-treatment by usingtwo functional trialkoxy silane coupling agents. The aim was to improve the fillerdistribution and interactions with PU matrix of high plasticity. The main problem in theachievement of the improved and/or new properties in nanocomposites is uniformdistribution of nanofillers without agglomerates, which could assure the stronginteractions with matrix. Silane coating can be reactive and act as coupling agentsbetween filler and polymer, reduce the agglomeration and improve the compatibility anddispersion.The chemical interactions between the various silane coupling agent and CaCO 3 fillerwere studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In this work the polyurethanecomposites were prepared by mixing procedure. Mechanical and thermal properties ofPU composites have been determined. The CaCO 3 filler surface pre-treatment by silanechanged the filler surface energy and influence on the interactions with matrix in PUcomposites. The effect of CaCO 3 addition into PU matrix was a composite reinforcement.DMTA analysis of PU composites showed the significant decrease of tanδ and increasethe modulus E', respectively. The results were interpreted as a consequence of aconstrained matrix structure due to a direct influence of nanofiller particles on themolecular movements of polymer chains.Presented on:POLYCHAR-11, 11th Annual Polychar World Forum on Advanced MaterialsDenton, USA, 7. -10. January, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vera KovačevićProject No. 0125013287
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 276CATALYTIC WET PEROXIDE OXIDATION OF PHENOL OVERZEOLITES CONTAINING COPPERK. Maduna 1 , T. Granato 2 , A. Katovic 2 , G. Giordano 21 Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Croatia2 Dip. Ing. Chim. & Mat., Università della Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), ItalyOne of the new emerging oxidation processes - catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO)is being studied for the use in the treatment of industrial wastewater. This method ofwaste treatment is specially appealing from the ecological standpoint due to its ability toeliminate pollutants as oppose to classical oxidation that results in turning the pollutionfrom one form into another. The process is operated at mild conditions (0.1-0.5 MPa,T≤100 ºC), and therefore with low energy requirements, with the addition of differenttypes of catalysts. In the recent years, only a few studies dealing with the use of zeolitescontaining copper were reported, making this aspect of the process open for furtherinvestigations. 1,2It has been reported that metal bearing zeolites prepared using classical proceduresshow severe metal leaching, leading to side reactions catalyzed in homogeneous phase. 3The aim of the present work is to study heterogeneous catalytic wet peroxide oxidation ofphenol using copper bearing FAU and MFI zeolites prepared by direct hydrothermalsynthesis. The effect of the presence of the inorganic cation in the zeolite structure, aswell as leaching of the active metal component were also studied.Presented on:COMO, III. Workshop on Oxide Based Materials,13-16. October 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Stanka ZrnčevićProject No. 0125001288
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 277CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF ZEOLITES CONTAINING COPPER INCATALYTIC WET PEROXIDE OXIDATION OF PHENOLK. Maduna 1 , A. Katovic 2 , G. Giordano 21 Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zabreb, Croatia2 Dip. Ing. Chim. & Mat., Università della Calabria, I-87036 Rende (CS), ItalyCatalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) is one of new emerging oxidation processesparticularly attractive for the treatment of industrial wastewater which is unsuitable forincineration or biological treatment. The process is operated at mild conditions (0.1-0.5MPa, T≤100 ºC), and therefore with low energy requirements with the addition of differenttypes of (classic) catalysts such as composite metal oxides. In the recent years, only afew studies dealing with the use of zeolites containing copper were reported, making thisaspect of the process open for further investigation.It has been reported in the open literature that metal bearing zeolites prepared usingclassical procedures show severe metal leaching, leading to side reactions catalyzed inhomogeneous phase. The aim of the present work is to study a heterogeneous catalyticwet peroxide oxidation of phenol as a model component using copper bearing FAU, BEAand MFI zeolites prepared by direct hydrothermal synthesis. The non-classical method ofpreparation resulted in low leaching of active metal components.Presented on:XIV National Congress of Catalysis, GIC2004,Lerici, Italy, 6-10 June 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Stanka ZrnčevićProject No. 0125001289
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 278THE BASIS OF THE FUTURE CODES FOR BRIDGE LOADS INCROATIAA. Mandić; J. RadićFaculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn the near future, the codes for bridge loads in Croatia adjusted to proposed Europeancodes, would be in application. Some loads vary from country to country, even inside theparticular country, due to different climate, environment and traffic circumstances. In thispaper some comparisons of old and valid Croatian codes and European prestandards arepresented in order to establish and insert the specifications of loads on our bridges innew Croatian codes.Today, in the period of rapid development of highway net, our constructors are designingbridges using valid Croatian codes but also foreign standards, primarily German, andalso British and Swiss standards, and in few last years European prestandards. Greatnumber of our existing bridges is designed using old codes. Problems occur whendifferent codes and standards, that are not adjusted, are combined together. Timevariability of actions and an innovative approach to safety, serviceability and durability ofstructures are leading to the necessity for modern<strong>iz</strong>ing the Codes for bridge loadings.The plan for the near future is to create and apply the new Croatian codes for bridgeloads adjusted to proposed European standards. European prestandards should not beaccepted without criticism, thoughtfulness and analyses. It is necessary to search for thepossibilities of application of Eurocode in our situation.In the State Office for Standard<strong>iz</strong>ation and Metrology one of several Standard<strong>iz</strong>ationSectors is the Sector for Building and Construction. The work is organ<strong>iz</strong>ed into 23Technical Committees as the expert working bodies. Their members are renownedexperts - representatives of the interested legal entities, relevant administrative bodies,chambers of trade and commerce, various interested institutions and other legal persons.Participation in the work of a Technical Committees is voluntary. Technical Committee forActions on structures and Earthquake consists of several Technical Subcommittees andWorking Groups established for activities in certain narrow fields of the TechnicalCommittee scope of work. Activities are: nomenclature for building, construction anddesign, symbols, mechanism of information necessary for design, production anderection, basis of formation of structures exclusive of material, general geometricalrequests on buildings, loadings, forces, actions, permissible deformations, considerationand coordination of general requests on reliability of the structure on the whole.As a members of scientific and research organ<strong>iz</strong>ation – Faculty of Civil Engineering, weare giving our contribution in analyses of European prestandards in order to create thenew Croatian codes for bridge loads.Croatian codes for bridge loading will be based on European codes with national loadspecifications due to different climate, environment and traffic circumstances.Snow-related climatic zones in Croatia with characteristic load values at various altitudesare provided. The temperature-based zoning of Croatia with dependence on altitude isalso conducted. Available measurements of the wind direction and velocity were thebasis for the reference wind velocity evaluation in several locations. Additional290
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.measurements, analyses and research are necessary to create the complete wind mapof Croatia.Recommendation is to use the temporary seismic design procedure according Europeancode, altogether. When local seismic examination is not available, in the areas of degreeIX of seismic intensity, design soil acceleration of 0,4g is to be used instead of the value0,3g given by this code.Adoption of European models for traffic load of road bridges in Croatia will increase theirbearing capacity, safety, and even more serviceability limit state. It is possible to usecorrection factors of European load models on the secondary roads, while the fullEuropean load models are to be used for the bridges on the European traffic corridors.To reach the same level of safety, serviceability and durability of Croatian bridges on alltraffic corridors, strengthening of bridges designed according old, valid or other codes isnecessary.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jure RadićProject No. 0082219Second International Conference on Bridge Maintenance, Safety and Management,Kyoto, Japan, October 18-22, 2004291
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 279INFLUENCE OF TESTING CONDITIONS ON RESULTS OF DYNAMICMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE BASE ROCKETPROPELLANTSMatečić Mušanić, S.; Sućeska, M.; Bakija, S.Brodarski Institut, Zagreb, CroatiaDynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is a powerful technique for determination ofmechanical properties of rocket propellants. This technique enables determination of thestorage and loss modulus of a propellant against time, temperature or frequency of anoscillation load, while the temperature of the sample in a specified atmosphere isprogrammed. However, like many other thermal methods DMA gives results that maydepend greatly on the conditions used during the experiment. Thus, it is very important touse such experimental parameters that will minim<strong>iz</strong>e the error caused by the dynamicnature of the experiment, sample dimensions, etc. In this work we have studied influenceof heating rate, frequency, and length to thickness ratio on results of dynamic mechanicalanalysis. The results obtained have shown that the experimental parameters may havesignificant influence on values of the viscoelastic function for double base propellantPresented on:New Trends in Research of Energatic MaterialsPardubice, Czech Republic, 24-25.04.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Muhamed SućeskaProject No. 0192007292
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 280CHANGES OF DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DOUBLEBASED ROCKET PROPELLANT DURING ARTIFICIAL AGEINGMatečić Mušanić, S. ; Sućeska, M. ; Rajić Linarić, M.;,Bakija;S., Čuljak, R.Brodarski Institut, Zagreb, CroatiaDouble based rocket propellants are subjected to a chemical ageing, as well as ageingdue to physical and physical-chemical processes (migration of low molecularconstituents: plastic<strong>iz</strong>ers, blasting oil, burning catalysts, degradation of molar mass, etc.).The ageing has significant influence on their relevant properties, including mechanicalproperties such as tensile strength, storage modulus, loss modulus, tan delta, andtemperature of glass transition, etc. During use these changes can result in dangerousfailures, such as rocket motor explosion. Therefore, it is necessary that after some time,temperature, and stress conditions, relevant properties of the propellants are still in therange of acceptable tolerance. In this work we have studied changes of dynamicmechanic properties (loss modulus, storage modulus, tan delta, etc.) with the artificialageing at higher temperature (90°C). The results obtained have shown that dynamicmechanical parameters change significantly after ~40 days of ageing. It was found outthat the most sensitive parameters on the ageing process are: storage modulus at theroom temperature, glass transition temperature, width of peak on loss modulus curve inthe glass.Presented on:New Trends in Research of Energatic MaterialsPardubice, Czech Republic, 20-22.04.2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Muhamed SućeskaProject No. 0192007293
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 281HIGHWAY OVERPASS IN LIGHTWEIGHT REINFORCED CONCRETEA. Mihanović, J. Radić, A. MandićFaculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe overpass, designed in lightweight reinforced concrete, which is to cross the highway,is presented.Four spans 15,0+19,0+19,0+15,0m are chosen to provide the sufficient traffic profile ofthe highway and its eventual expansion. The overpass is a grill-structure composed ofthree main continuos girders at the distance of 3,5m connected with the 25cm thick slaband 100cm high cross girders at the end and in the middle of each field. A span to heightratio of the structure is 19,0/2,0=9,5.Lightweight concrete roadway slab is reinforced with a grill-shaped reinforcement madeof welded R trusses in two perpendicular directions. Lower R trusses of longitudinaldirection are pull into the higher R trusses of transversal direction and no particularconnection is predicted. Reinforcement of the lightweight main girders and cross girdersis designed as, at least, one truss with X-shaped diagonals.Presented on:Sixth International Conference on Short & Medium Span Bridges,Vancouver, BC Canada July 31-August 2, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jure RadićProject No. 0082219294
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 282USE OF TRANSFORMATIONS IN ACTIVE BP FILTER DESIGNSN. Mijat, D. JurišićFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn this paper transformations, which are very often used in design of active filters, aresummar<strong>iz</strong>ed, and used for revealing the relations between different classes of active filtersections. Among various transformations we distinguish: frequency transformations andnetwork transformations. As frequency transformation examples we consider the wellknown “low-pass to band-pass” (LP–BP) and less known “lossy low-pass to bandpass”(LLP-BP)frequency transformation. As examples of network transformations, whichare performed by network elements substitution we consider (i) “lossy” LP–BP networktransformation: to obtain BP filter it substitutes each resistor of the LP prototype filter by aseries RC circuit, and each capacitor by a parallel RC circuit; and (ii) complementarytransformation: passive network in negative feedback loop is transformed into passivenetwork in positive feedback loop of operational amplifier.Presented on:3 rd IEEE R8-EURASIP Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, ISPA2003, Rome, Italy, 18-20 September, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Neven MijatProject No. 0036003295
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 283METHODS FOR LAWFUL INTERCEPTION IN IP TELEPHONYNETWORKS BASED ON H.323A. Milanović, S. Srbljić, I. Ražnjević, D. Sladden, I. Matošević, and D. SkroboFaculty of electrical engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaEmergence of IP telephony applications in recent years has opened numerous technicaland legal problems. A particular problem in implementing IP telephony services iscomplying with legal requirements imposed on telephony service providers in manycountries. Certain legal requirements are easy to fulfill in the conventional public circuitswitchedtelephone network, but present significant problems in IP telephony. One ofthese requirements is the possibility of electronic surveillance by author<strong>iz</strong>ed lawenforcement agencies, i.e. wiretap service. Currently, there is no standard solution for callinterception in IP telephony networks.We describe four proposed basic methods for implementing a call interception system inIP telephony networks based on the ITU-T H.323 standard. The proposed methods areWiretap on Gateway, Wiretap Routing on the Gatekeeper, Fixed Route Wiretap, andPromiscuous Wiretap. We examine each of these four methods and show their basicadvantages and disadvantages.Presented on:EuroCon 2003 (The International Conference on Computer as a Tool),Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Leo BudinProject No. 0036051296
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 284DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR LAWFUL INTERCEPTION IN VOLPNETWORKSA. Milanović, S. Srbljić, I. Ražnjević, D. Sladden, D. Skrobo, and I. MatoševićFaculty of electrical engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CraotiaVoice over IP is one of the most propulsive technologies today. Significant advantages ofVoIP over conventional telephone system provide a major incentive for enterprises andservice providers to use the new technology. There is a variety of IP Telephonystandards, which provide basic models for implementation of VoIP. However, somesignificant problems still need to be adequately solved. Security, global administrationand billing, emergency dialing plans and lawful interception are some of the areas thatare being researched.This paper proposes a distributed system for the lawful interception in IP Telephonynetworks. The proposed system has scalable architecture, it supports various interceptionmethods, and it can be deployed on various network infrastructures. In addition, thesystem design addresses various issues present in IP networks, for instance: securityprotocols, network configuration, and standard<strong>iz</strong>ed data formats. A prototype of theinterception system, based on the proposed architecture, has been implemented andtested.Presented on:EuroCon 2003 (The International Conference on Computer as a Tool)Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Leo BudinProject No. 0036051297
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 285DESIGN OF CONSTANT-DELAY SYSTEMS BASED ONSYMMETRY OF TIME-DOMAIN RESPONSEGoran Molnar, Mladen VučićFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaA method for design of constant-delay systems based on symmetry of timedomainresponse is presented. The symmetry error is estimated by using the zero-phase sincpulse as the model of input signal. The constant-delay systems are obtained byminim<strong>iz</strong>ing this error. The design method allows independent control of the system'sdelay and the constant group delay bandwidth. Method's features are illustrated by afamily of the optimum all-pass and the corresponding low-pass systems. The systems arecompared to classic constant-delay approximations.Presented on:Proceedings of 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,Vancouver, BC, Canada, May 23-26, 2004.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Mladen VučićProject No. 0036029298
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 286HYDRODINAMIC ZONING OF COMPLEX AQUIFER SYSTEMS: THEZAGREB AQUIFER (Croatia)Nakić, Zoran; Bačani, Andrea; Perković, DarioFaculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaHydrodynamic homogenous zones within the Zagreb aquifer system were determined bystatistical multivariate analysis - the principal component analysis. Two homogenous zoneswere formed on the left bank of the Sava River, stretching parallel to the river. On the rightbank of the river, in the area of important well fields, multiple water level fluctuation patternswere established. Significance of individual aquifer recharging sources was determined fromcorrelations of the Sava River level time series and rainfall rates, along with the change in thegroundwater tables.Presented on:1st International Conference on GROUNDWATER IN GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERINGBled, Slovenia, 22-26 September 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Darko MayerProject No. 0195029299
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 287HYDROGEOCHEMICAL MODEL OF THE HETEROGENEOUSAQUIFER SYSTEM: THE CASE OF ZAGREB, CROATIANakić, Zoran; Posavec, Kristijan; Parlov, JelenaFaculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe hydrogeochemical homogenous areas were determined by multivariate statisticalanalyses and geochemical modeling tools. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)was used to test the differences between the macrochemical composition of thegroundwater in shallow and deeper aquifers. The results support the stratigraphicevidence that it is possible to differentiate a shallow Holocene alluvial aquifer from deeperMiddle/Upper Pleistocene lacustrine-marsh aquifers. Multivariate statistical analysis,Cluster analysis, revealed the significant differences in groundwater macrochemicalcomposition in different parts of the shallow aquifer. Geochemical modeling toolsrevealed the areas of carbonate dilution and precipitation. All the results highlight specifichydrogeochemical areas, expected to react similarly or identically to natural or man-causedevents.Presented on:Congress XXXIII IAH - 7° ALHSUD. GROUNDWATER FLOW UNDERSTANDING fromlocal to regional scales.Zacatecas City, Mexico. 11th to 15th October, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Darko MayerProject No. 0195029300
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 288EVALUATION OF PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF AN INHIBITORLAYER FORMED ON COPPER IN NEUTRAL CHLORIDE SOLUTIONOtmačić, Helena; Telegdi, Judit; Stupnišek-Lisac, EmaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaDifferent imidazole derivatives have proven to be effective as copper corrosion inhibitorsin many corrosive media. Substitution by different functional groups can improve theefficiency of imidazole. Our previous investigations have shown that imidazolescontaining phenyl ring show high inhibiting efficiency, much higher than the basicimidazole molecule. This effect is due to the electrondonating effect of phenyl ring, whichincreases electron density of the imidazole ring. The aim of this work was to studyprotective property of film formed on copper surface in 3% NaCl solution containing 1-phenyl-4-methyl imidazole, by electrochemical methods (polar<strong>iz</strong>ation resistancedetermination and cyclic voltammetry) as well as by atomic force microscopy (AFM).Electrochemical measurements have shown that the investigated inhibitor significantlyreduces copper corrosion rate in 3% NaCl solution. The polar<strong>iz</strong>ation resistance of theprotective layer is 20 times higher then that of the bare copper. It can be seen from cyclicvoltammograms (Fig 1.) that the addition of the investigated inhibitor results in the shift ofanodic peaks towards more positive values and lowers peak currents. Topographicalchanges of copper surface were qualitatively character<strong>iz</strong>ed by AFM. The images weretaken ; ; Z =∆after 2-hour immersion. In noninhibited 3% NaCl solution, deep pits ( 223nm) were observed on the copper surface (Fig 2). A net of polymer-like depositionsappeared on the surface of copper sample immersed in the inhibited solution, already inthe very early period of immersion. Figure 3. presents the copper surface after 30minutes of immersion in inhibited solution.Presented on:203rd ECS MeetingParis, France, 27.04-2.05.2003.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Ema Stupnišek-LisacProject No. 0125012301
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 289GEOMEMBRANES MULTIAXIAL TENSILE TESTOžbolt, M., Rukavina, T., Dragčević, V., Lakušić, S.Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaApplication of geomembranes in building trade is widespread but it can be said that theyhave got a function of a sealing layer. As such, in addition to the sealing properties, theyshould also have satisfactory tensile characteristics. Their application on the wastedisposal locations can be twofold, in the lower sealing layers or as a part of the coveringlayers. In the lower sealing layers, their function is to prevent penetration of elauates(waste seepage waters) into the soil, and in particular into the ground waters, while in thecovering sealing layers, the geomembrane has a function of preventing the penetration ofprecipitation waters into the dumpsite body, and preventing the uncontrolled emission ofdumpsite gases (CO2-carbon dioxide, and CH4-methane) into the atmosphere. Thispaper deals with the geomembranes multi-axial tensile testing. The results of multi-axialtensile testing are compared to those obtained by uniaxial tensile testing.Presented on:Third Youth Symposium on Experimental Solid Mechanics (3nd YSESM),Porretta Terme, Italy, 12 – 15 May 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko PollakProject No. 0082221302
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 290GROUNDWATER TABLE FORECAST FOR THE ZAGREBCATCHMENT AREA (THE LEFT SAVA BANK)Parlov, Jelena; Posavec, Kristijan; Bačani, Andrea; Nakić, Zoran; Perković, DarioFaculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaSince the aquifer geometry is well researched, and the conditions are set that enablecomprehensive monitoring of the events in the underground, the need arose fordevelopment of a groundwater table forecast system for unfavourable hydrologicalconditions. The analysis was launched into the groundwater table trends in theobservation wells, along with monitoring of the groundwater system discharge trendregularities at the left Sava bank from the groundwater table measurement results.Presented on:FEM_MODFLOW, International Conference on Finite-Element Models, MODFLOW, andMore 2004Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad), Czech Republic 13-16 September 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Darko MayerProject No. 0195029303
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 291A STUDY ON POWER SYSTEM STATE ESTIMATION BASED ONNEUTRAL NETWORKSPeharda, Domagoj; Delimar, Marko; Hebel, ZdravkoFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaPower system control and analysis rely on power system state estimation for theinformation on the current state of the system. Conventional state estimation methods arecomputationally intensive and may give unpredictable results when redundancy is lowand gross errors are present. This paper explores the potential of the application ofneural networks in the area of static state estimation. Several types of neural networkswere tried out. Best results were obtained with a multilayer perceptron with linear inputand output layer. Multilayer perceptron development and results are discussed in detail.Presented on:IASTED International Conference Power and Energy SystemCrete, Greece, 25-28.06.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Zdravko HebelProject No. 0036008304
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 292EASY-TO-USE CUSTOMIZABLE PROGRAMMING SOLUTION FORINTEGRATED USAGE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OFHYDROGEOLOGICAL DATA AND GIS LAYERSPerković, Dario; Nakić, Zoran; Parlov, JelenaFaculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaA new approach is proposed to recording of the groundwater data and knowledge. Theprogram solution uses GIS technology, relational database, and graphical and textualdocuments in a user-friendly way, by making the access to data from other applications iswithin a single central application.Presented on:1st International Conference on GROUNDWATER IN GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERINGBled, Slovenia, 22-26 September 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Darko MayerProject No. 0195029305
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 293CALCULATION OF TEMPERATURE CURVES UNDER THEINFLUENCE OF ACTUAL FIRES IN STEEL HALLSBernardin Peroš; Ivica BokoFaculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Split, CroatiaThe paper presents the analysis of the influence of various types of actual fire loads uponthe given industrial structure - steel hall. The simulation included several different fireloads with different quantities of combustible material and different floor surfaces of thestructure covered with combustible material. By applying the approximate model ofzones, for different fire loads, obtained by varying the surface of ventilation openings, itwas possible to obtain the temperature curves as a function of time which were used asthe temperature influence upon the supporting steel structure. The obtained temperaturecurves were compared to a Standard temperature-time curve. It was proved that for largecompartments the action of actual fire loads cannot be computed by applying thestandard curve but by determining actual temperature curves as a function of time. Theheat transfer through a basic material of the supporting steel structure has been modelledaccording to the obtained values of the temperature curves by applying a transient, nonlinearmodel and the necessity for the protection of the steel structure has beenestablished. These investigations of the actual temperature-time parameter curves, forlarge compartments and different fire loads have been carried out within the NationalApplication Documents in the field of fire action.Presented on:3rd European Conference on Steel StructuresCoimbra, Portugal, September 19.-20. 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bernardin PerošProject No. 0083151306
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 294HEAT ACTIONS ANALYSIS OF ACTUAL FIRE IN STEELSTRUCTURESBernardin PEROŠ, Ivica BOKOFaculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Split, CroatiaThe paper presents the analysis of the influence of various types of actual fire loads uponthe given industrial structure - steel hall. The simulation included several different fireloads with different quantities of combustible material and different floor surfaces of thestructure covered with combustible material. By applying the approximate model ofzones, for different fire loads, obtained by varying the surface of ventilation openings, itwas possible to obtain the temperature curves as a function of time which were used asthe temperature influence upon the supporting steel structure. The obtained temperaturecurves were compared to a Standard temperature-time curve. It was proved that for largecompartments the action of actual fire loads cannot be computed by applying thestandard curve but by determining actual temperature curves as a function of time. Theheat transfer through a basic material of the supporting steel structure has been modelledaccording to the obtained values of the temperature curves by applying a transient, nonlinearmodel and the necessity for the protection of the steel structure has beenestablished. These investigations of the actual temperature-time parameter curves, forlarge compartments and different fire loads have been carried out within the NationalApplication Documents in the field of fire action.Presented on:24th Congress of Structural Engineers of SloveniaBled, Slovenia, November, 14.-15. 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bernardin PerošProject No. 0083151307
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 295ACTUAL WIND LOAD AND THE COMPARISON OF THE RESULTSWITH THE WIND TUNNEL TESTS UPON THE DUBROVNIK BRIDGEBernardin Peroš, Ivica Boko,Tihomir ŠimunovićFaculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Split, CroatiaThe paper presents the computation results for the Dubrovnik steel cable-stayed bridgewith a total span of 474 m by using two different sources of wind action. The first set ofdata was obtained by direct measurements of the wind direction and velocity, secondvalues, acting on the structure at the end of its construction and the second set of datawas based on the simulated wind action in the tunnel carried out by prof. G. Sedlacek(Germany).The Bora wind in Croatia is known as a catabatic, very cold and locally changeable windblowing from the direction of the towards the Adriatic coastline, with the maximummeasured wind gusts over 70 m/s.The recently completed measurements of the second values of wind gusts at threepoints, at different elevations (10, 52 and 140 m) at the pile of the Dubrovnik bridge, andthe fourth measurement point, at the other end of the bridge, have made it possible topresent the actual action of this highly catabatic wind (it was the first time to measure thewind profile considering the elevations).The results obtained by this computation were compared with the results obtained bycomputations based on the values of the simulated wind action in the tunnel whit theassumed wind direction and velocity.The paper proves that for the winds of the Bora type the tunnel simulations (the windtunnel tests) are not suitable so that measurements at actual locations are required.The investigations were performed according to the EUROCODE recommendations andthey represent the basis for the development of the Croatian codes in the field of thedynamic wind action upon the structure.Presented on:The Third International Conference on Advances in Structural Engineering andMechanics, ASEM'04Seoul, Korea, September 02.-04. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bernardin PerošProject No. 0083151308
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 296MODELLING OF THE ACTION OF THE BORA WIND UPON HIGHSLENDER STRUCTURESB. Peroš, I. Boko, T. ŠimunovićFaculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Split, CroatiaThe phenomenon of the catabatic action of the Bora wind upon the structures and therespective response of high slender structures have not yet been investigated sufficientlyso that the paper presents the analysis of the critical values of the wind excitation uponhigh slender structure (with the dominant wind load), according to the measured onesecondvalues of the wind velocity (at altitudes of 10, 52 and 140 m). The regularity of thecatabatic and turbulent wind action was analysed depending upon the material of thestructure and its geometric characteristics taking into account the response of thestructure.It should be stressed that the paper uses for the first time the data of wind profilemeasurements of the Bora action (at the Dubrovnik location, Croatia); this wind is knownworld-wide as a cold, catabatic and local, changeable wind blowing from the land towardsthe sea.The model was used to simulate the stochastic wind-structure interaction and the value ofthe dynamic characteristic wind Bora for various second values for averaging the windvelocity (1,10,60 and 600 seconds).All the relevant values in the critical state which define the structure resistance and thewind action upon the structure are expressed as random values so that the probabilisticprocedure was used to determine the safety degree- the reliability index for the structuresunder consideration.The investigations were performed according to the EUROCODE recommendations andthey represent the basis for the development of the Croatian codes in the field of thedynamic wind action upon the structure.Presented on:Response of Structures to Extreme LoadingToronto, Canada, August 3.-6. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bernardin PerošProject No. 0083151309
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 297SAFETY OF STRUCTURES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OFEXTREME LOADINGBernardin PEROŠ, Ivica BOKO, Tihomir ŠIMUNOVIĆFaculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Split, CroatiaThe scientific research in the technical field related to the safety of structures has notbeen completed so far, especially in the domain of extreme actions upon the structures.The paper presents applied research carried out at the Faculty of Civil Engineering andArchitecture, University of Split, in the field of safety of structures for the extreme loadingof the Bora wind and actual fire load for the load-bearing structures.The research results undoubtedly show that it is necessary to carry out investigations atthe national level on the extreme loading (natural phenomena and accidental loadings)upon the bearing structures in order to determine the actual degree of structure safetyand to develop national norms for those areas.Presented on:NATO Advanced Research WorkshopBled, Slovenia, June 13.-17. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bernardin PerošProject No. 0083151310
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 298COMPARISON OF THREE DIFFERENT AOTs FOR AZO DYEWASTEWATER TREATMENTPeternel, Igor; Lončarić Božić, Ana; Koprivanac, Natalija; Locke, Bruce R.Faculty of Chemical Technilogy and Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAdvanced Oxidation Processes ( AOPs) have been used as emerging wastewatertreatment technologies which can effectively handle various hazardous organics inwastestream and groundwater. Azo dyes are a group of special interest due to their hightoxicity and low biodegradability. Standard chemical degradtion proceses such asreduction are not applicable because of byproduct generation (primary amines) which areeven more toxic and carcinogenic. The decolor<strong>iz</strong>ation and degradation of Mordant Yellow10 (MY10) azo dye in water was investigated in laboratory-scale experiments, using threeadvanced oxidation processes : ozonation, peroxone and non- thermal plasma in order toremove color and decrease total organic content (TOC). Experiments were conducted on75 ppm of MY 10 water solution with and without zeolite NH 4 ZSM5. Spectrophotometricmeasurements (UV/VIS) and instrumental measurements of total organic carbon (TOC)were used for determination of process efficiency. From the kinetic data the rate ofreaction has been established. The time required for the total dye removal and observedpseudo-first order rate constants were used as parameters to show the efficiency of azodye treatment.Presented on:4th International Symposium on Non-Thermal Plasma TechnologyPanama City Beach, Florida, USA May 10-14.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Natalija KoprivanacProject No. 0125018311
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 299ANALYSIS, FEM SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFIKATIONOF GEAR COLD EXTRUSIONPlancak M.; Škunca M.; Math M.The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaThe purpose of this paper is to present the theoretical and experimental investigation ofradial cold extrusion of gear-like elements. In the theoretical analysis Upper Boundsolution for load and average pressure prediction has been developed. Furthermore,simulation of radial extrusion of geared part has been performed by FEM, usingMSC.Marc 2001 simulation program package. Due to axial symmetry of theproblem,numerical simulation was carried out over one twelfth of the cylindrical billet.Tetrahedral body mesh using higher order elements enabled the simulation to run tocompletion without remeshing. Values of reaction forces summar<strong>iz</strong>ed over appropriatenodeses gave final force - stroke diagram including the final steep load rise coming fromsimulated corner filling phenomenon. Finally, experiments were carried out with the aimto verify theoretical prediction and FEM simulation. Obtained results are compared andanalysed. As it has been shown, experimental verification gives well agreeable results tothe analysis and FEM simulation, except for the final extrusion phase (corner filling) whenUpper Bound prediction underestimates the real load values.Presented on:VII th International Conference on Forging – XXIII SENAFORPorto Alegre – Brasil. October, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Miljenko MathProject No. 0120006312
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 300APPLICATION OF OBSERVATION HEAD BROWSER FOR SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DISPLAY OF THE GROUNDWATER TABLES IN GISENVIRONMENT: THE ZAGREB AQUIFER SYSTEM, CROATIAPosavec, Kristijan; Bačani, Andrea; Parlov, JelenaFaculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaObservation Head Browser is an auxiliary tool for development of the groundwater tablemaps that constitute the basis for a spatial-temporal analysis of the groundwater tables.The Observation Head Browser is used for browsing of systematically organ<strong>iz</strong>edgroundwater table data on a specific date, and for processing of data used to compile thegroundwater tale maps.Presented on:1st International Conference on GROUNDWATER IN GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERINGBled, Slovenia, 22-26 September 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Darko MayerProject No. 0195029313
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 301USING MATHEMATICAL MODELLING FOR ANALYSIS OFGROUNDWATER COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE RIGHT ANDLEFT BANKS OF THE SAVA RIVERPosavec, Kristijan; Bačani, Andrea; Parlov, Jelena; Nakić, ZoranFaculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe paper presents analyses of the groundwater communication between the right andleft bank of the Sava River by mathematical modelling of the groundwater flow andadvective transport using particle tracking approach. The groundwater flow model wasdeveloped with MODFLOW and the advective transport with MODPATH program. Aconclusion drawn from the groundwater flow model was that the Sava River in the studiedsection acts as a hydrogeological divide during high water levels. During the low waterlevels the hydrological divide moves towards the right Sava bank, so there are grounds topresume that the hydraulic conditions for the groundwater communication between theright and left bank are favourable. Particle tracking showed that the particles situatedalong the right bank, closer to the Sava, cross to the left Sava bank during the simulation.Other particles, further away, remain on the right bank, and tend to move towards theSava during low water levels and from the Sava during the high water levels.Presented on:FEM_MODFLOW, International Conference on Finite-Element Models, MODFLOW, andMore 2004Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad), Czech Republic 13-16 September 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Darko MayerProject No. 0195029314
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 302ORGANIZATION OF GROUNDWATER TABLE DATA AS INPUT FORSPATIAL-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS: THE ZAGREB AQUIFER SYSTEM,CROATIAPosavec, Kristijan; Bačani, Andrea; Perković, DarioFaculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaGroundwater table data are systematically organ<strong>iz</strong>ed in uniformly structured files. Aproject was created in ArcView GIS program for spatial display of all the observationwells, and each observation well was linked by a HotLink to a file containing data on thegroundwater tables in a subject observation well.Presented on:1st International Conference on GROUNDWATER IN GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERINGBled, Slovenia, 22-26 September 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Darko MayerProject No. 0195029315
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 3033D SHAPE RECOVERY WITH NO EXPLICIT VIDEO PROJECTORCALIBRATIONTomislav Pribanić 1 , Mario Cifrek 1 , Stanislav Peharec 21 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Croatia2 Biomechanic laboratory, PEHAREC Polyclinic, Pula, Croatia3D shape reconstruction is a common task in many areas of interests. Yet, very often itinvolves sophisticated hardware and software. This paper represents cheap and simplesystem, both in hardware and software sense, for 3D subjects shape reconstruction. Itconsists of video camera(s) and video projector and is based on well known principle ofstructured light. A major contribution of the paper is method which avoids explicittraditional video projector calibration. A system accuracy results are shown along withexperimental results of reconstruction for human face and toy mushroom. The systemcan be easily implemented and adjusted for all kinds of other applications.Presented on:The 12 th International Conference in Central Europe onComputer Graphics, Visual<strong>iz</strong>ation and Computer Vision'2004Campus Bory, Plzen - Bory, Czech Republic, February 2 - 6, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Stanko TonkovićProject No. 0036007316
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 304IN SITU PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAFCOPOLYMERSPtiček, Anita; Hrnjak-Murgić, Zlata; Jelenčić, Jasenka.Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaGraft copolymers are made either from one polymer and one monomer or from twopolymers. The grafting is usually complicated by phase separation and the final product isa blend rather than a pure copolymer. Phase separation is caused by thermodynamicallyincompatible main chain and the branch chains. Synthesis of graft copolymers enableschemically bounding of immiscible polymers that significantly differ in properties likeelastomer and thermoplast. This is the reason why the graft copolymers perform well innew applications for which the individual polymer components are not suited to. In thisstudy four different types of graft copolymers were synthes<strong>iz</strong>ed: ethylene-propylenediene-graft-polystyrene(EPDM-g-PS), ethylene-propylene-diene-graft-isocyanatecontaininigmonomer HH (EPDM-g-HH), polyethylene-graft-polystyrene (PE-g-PS) andpolyethylene-graft- isocynate-containing monomer HH (PE-g-HH). The in-situpolymer<strong>iz</strong>ation of two monomers (styrene and HH) onto EPDM and PE was carried out intoluene solution using dibenzoyl-peroxide as the initiator at 90°C. Graft copolymers weresynthes<strong>iz</strong>ed for different period of time (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 hours for EPDM-g-PS, PE-g-PS,EPDM-g-HH and for PE-g-HH 5, 15, 30 and 45 minutes) to study the influence ofchemical structure of polymer chains on final properties. The graft copolymers werecharacter<strong>iz</strong>ed by melt flow rate (MFR), by intrinsic viscosity and their identification wasmade by IR-spectrophotometer. It is observed from the results that the various chemicalstructure of the polymers have significant influence on physical properties. The results ofintrinsic viscosity and MFR indicate higher values with increase of polymer<strong>iz</strong>ation time,which is a result of increase in s<strong>iz</strong>e of the chain branches.Presented on:Bratislava International Conference on Modified Polymers "ModPol 2003"Stara Lesna, Visoke Tatre, Slovakia, 05.-08. October 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vera KovačevićProject No. 0125013317
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 305STRUCTURE PROPERTIES RELATIONSHIPS OF COPOLYMERSEPDM-g-PS, PE-g-HH, EPDM-g-HHPtiček, Anita; Hrnjak-Murgić, Zlata; Jelenčić, Jasenka; Kovačić, TonkaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaPolymers with multiphase such as graft copolymers, present a unique combination ofphysical properties. Their commercial success particularly in thermoplastic elastomers,such as ethylene-propylene-diene-g-polystyrene (EPDM-g-PS), polyethylene-gisocyanatecontaining monomer HH (PE-g-HH) and ethylene-propylene-diene-gisocyanatecontaining monomer HH (EPDM-g-HH) clearly show the advantages in thistype of multiphase systems. It is especially interesting to prepare polyolefin graftcopolymers with the second polymer containing functional groups, which coulddramatically increase the interactions of low reactive polyolefin. However, these reactionlead to side reactions such as cross-linking and chain cleavage resulting in significantchanges of properties. In this study three different types of graft copolymers (EPDM-g-PS, PE-g-HH, EPDM-g-HH) were synthes<strong>iz</strong>ed. All polymers were separated frompolymer<strong>iz</strong>ation solution by precipitation and further character<strong>iz</strong>ed. The identification ofsynthes<strong>iz</strong>ed graft copolymers has been made by FTIR spectroscopy. Polymers werefurther character<strong>iz</strong>ed by DSC measurements, by determination of Tg and Tm and also byintrinsic viscosity and by molecular masses, n and w. The obtained results indicate thatwith extended polymer<strong>iz</strong>ation time the branches of the graft copolymers are longer and itsdensity can be modified by controlled polymer<strong>iz</strong>ation.Presented on:Third International Conference on Polmyer Modification, Degradation and Stabilisation,MoDeSt 2004Lyon, France, 29.08.-02.09.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vera KovačevićProject No. 0125013318
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 306SYNTHESIS OF MODIFIED GRAFT COPOLYMERS AND ITSINFLUENCE ON PROPERTIESPtiček, Anita; Hrnjak-Murgić, Zlata; Jelenčić, Jasenka; Kratofil, LjerkaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaWhen two or more polymers are mixed, the phase structure of the resulting material canbe miscible, partially miscible or immiscible. Polymer blends are usuallythermodynamically immiscible and, when blended, usually display poor properties, owingto their unstable morphology and poor adhesion between the phases. The phasemorphology of immiscible polymer blends can be controlled by addition or in situformation of compatibilisers (block or graft copolymers) which act as interfacial agents. Insitu formed copolymers act as compatibilisers by reducing the interfacial tension andincreasing the adhesion between the phases, and thereby allowing a finer dispersion anda more stable morphology. In this study two different types of graft copolymers weresynthes<strong>iz</strong>ed: ethylene-propylene-diene-graft-polystyrene (EPDM-g-PS) and ethylenepropylene-diene-graft-isocyanate(EPDM-g-HH) containing monomer HH formed of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-isophorone diisocyanate. In situ polymer<strong>iz</strong>ation of twomonomers (styrene and HH) onto EPDM was carried out in toluene solution usingdibenzoyl-peroxide as the initiator at temperature of 900C with continuous stirring in inertatmosphere. Graft copolymers were synthes<strong>iz</strong>ed for different period of time (1, 3, 5, 7 and9 hours) to study the influence of length of branched chain on chemical structure. Anotherseries of samples on different type of EPDM was carried out with TAC(threealylcyanurate) to prevent grafting of styrene and HH monomer on EPDM chainduring polymer<strong>iz</strong>ation to modify the density of side chains. The graft copolymers werecharacter<strong>iz</strong>ed by melt flow rate (MFR), by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), byintrinsic viscosity and by IR-spectrophotometer. It is observed from the results that thevarious chemical structure of graft copolymers have significantly effect on physicalproperties.Presented on:POLYCHAR-12, 12th Annual Polychar World Forum on Advanced MaterialsGuimaraes, Portugal, 06.-09. January 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vera KovačevićProject No. 0125013319
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 307UTILISATION OF DIESEL ENGINE WASTE HEAT ROR SHIP'SBALLAST WATER HEAT TREATMENTD. Radan; J. LovrićDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringPolytechnic of Dubrovnik, CroatiaHeat has been proved to be a very attractive method of minim<strong>iz</strong>ing the risk of introducingnew organisms into the ports where ballast is discharged. It does not necessitate the useof chemicals or biocides that could be harmful to the environment. Waste heat from aship’s main engine can potentially provide a cost-effective source of heat. An analysis ofavailable heat and methods to obtain required ballast water temperature with maximumefficiency is the main concern of this paper. To obtain required ballast water temperaturewithout affecting engine performance and fuel consumption appropriate modifications ofballast piping and diesel engine conventional and central cooling systems have beenproposed.Presented on:4 th International Conference on Environmental Problems in Coastal Regions, 16- 18.09.2002, Rhodes, Greece.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip LovrićProject No. 0224001320
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 308DESIGNS FOR NEW BRIDGES ON THE CROATIAN COASTJ. Radić, Z. Šavor, V. Čandrlić, G. Puž:Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaCroatia is Middle European and Mediterranean Country, currently in the process of intensivedevelopment of its road network. In the country with many rivers and more than thousand islandsmany exceptional bridges are to be constructed. Some large bridges on new highways and fixedlinks to the islands that are currently under construction or in the design stage are highlighted. Thereview starts with experience gained from maintenance of existing bridges because it stronglyinfluences new designs.The Bridge across the Rijeka dubrovačka is currently under construction, to be opened for traffic inMay 2002. Asymmetrical layout with one pylon had to be chosen because the motorway from westenters the bridge in a sharp curve, so that the more economical three - span cable-stayed structurewas not possible. The location of the bridge is in a highly active seismic zone and subject to verystrong winds.The adopted bridge lay-out comprises the 87,4 m span box type prestressed concrete approachviaduct with the 60 m cantilever and the 244 + 80,7 m cable-stayed bridge with compositesuperstructure. The longitudinal layout of the cables is of modified fan type with partial suspension.The approach viaduct is partially curved in plan. The superstructure depth varies from 3,2 m at thewest bank abutment and at the cantilever end to 8,2 m at the fixed connection to the pier. Twohydraulic dampers of 2000 tons capacity are installed at the connection of the viaduct to the westbank abutment. The pier base is designed to act as plastic hinge in case of a major earthquake.Two different erection procedures were used for construction of the main bridge superstructure. Thesteel grillage of the 80,7 m side span and 33 m long adjoining part of the main span was erected byincremental launching from the left bank abutment. The remaining 211m long steel grillage of themain span was erected in 20 m long segments by free cantilevering. The construction of theapproach viaduct was executed by free cantilevering procedure symmetrically from the pier.The new Adriatic highway crosses the Krka river canyon in very attractive environment, in the closeproximity of the National Park Krka. Several preliminary designs were done for the crossing,revealing that the most suitable solution might be the concrete arch bridge with the 210 m span. Thebridge should be put in service by the year 2005.Three alternative preliminary designs for the Pašman island bridge are made, all at the same mostfavourable location, resulting in the total bridge length of approximately 2,2 km.Sea traffic requirements dictated the design. Port authorities asked for two separate sea-lanes of 140m width and 40 m clear height. The first beam type bridge alternative has two 150 m central spansand the second cable-stayed alternative crosses both sea-lanes with one 500 m span. Designersthought that these requirements are much too stringent resulting in very expensive bridge structureand offered a third alternative with two 70 m spans over sea lanes which were reduced to the widthof 60 m and clear height of 30 m.All presented bridges are located in the maritime environment with concrete as dominant material.The choice of concrete over steel is based on economical evaluations. Presently in Croatia it ischeaper to build and maintain concrete bridges. Besides, concrete structures utilise more localresources.Presented on:Fib Congress, FIB,Osaka, Japan, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jure RadićProject No. 0082219321
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 309DEVELOPMENT OF ARCH BRIDGE STRUCTURESRadić,J.; Šavor,Z.; Puž,G.; Gukov,I.:Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe arch is natural and appropriate structural solution, that is both aesthetically pleasingand clearly shows its function. In the paper, only reinforced concrete true arches, fixed tothe abutments shall be discussed. A parametric study of long – span encastred archesmade of high strength concrete, with the arch axis of catenary shape, is presented. It isbased on the experience from the maintenance of older Croatian arch bridges and onsome new designs.Presented on:Seventh International Conference in Košice –Košice, Slovakia, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jure RadićProject No. 0082219322
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 310SEISMIC DESIGN OF SOME NEW CROATIAN BRIDGESJ. Radić, Z. Šavor, G. Puž, G. Hrelja, V. Prpić:Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaA short overview on seismic design of some some larger bridges recently finished orcurrently under construction in highly seismic Adriatic coast region of Croatia ispresented.The Maslenica Highway Bridge, completed in 1997., is a concrete arch of 200 metersspan. The arch cross – section is box type, double cell with constant depth of 4 m andwidth of 9.0 metres (Fig.1). The superstructure comprises eight simple-span precastprestressed girders made continuous over intermediate supports and interconnected byconcrete deck slab cast in situThe bridge across Rijeka dubrovačka comprises the main cable stayed bridge withcomposite superstructure and prestressed concrete approach bridge (Fig.2). Theasymmetrical layout with one pylon had to be chosen because the motorway from thewest enters the bridge in a sharp curve.The bridge consists of the main cable-stayed bridge with composite superstructure withspans of 244 + 80,7 m, and the 87,4 m box type prestressed concrete approach viaductwith the 60 m cantilever. The longitudinal layout of the cables is of modified fan type withpartial suspension. Cable - stays in two inclined planes are spaced at 20 m. Main girdersare 2 m high. The superstructure is supported at the end of the approach viaductcantilever, at the pylon cross-beam and fixed at the east abutment. The prestressedapproach viaduct of variable height is partially curved in plan. A concrete arch of 204 mspan had been chosen for the canyon of the Krka river crossing. The designer offeredtwo alternatives with the arch of the same span and similar shape. The first oneenvisioned conventional prestressed concrete superstructure made of precast girdersand in situ slab (similar to Maslenica bridge), while in the second one a compositesuperstructure was proposed. The arch has considerably smaller dimensions for thesecond alternative.The seismic design has been done according to EC 8 [1], except for foundations. EC 8prescribes behaviour factor for foundations q=1 (elastic analysis), while AASHTO [2]allows for elastic seismic force reduction at foundations with half of the factor used foradjacent substructure element, which was adopted for design accelerations up to 0.2 g.All specific detailing rules given in [1] and [2] were accounted for, especially rulesconcerning minimum overlap lengths. On the Maslenica Bridge a wide superstructure issupported on a much narrower arch, resulting in the structural system of the rigid archand the rigid superstructure. The number of structural joints has been reduced to aminimum, resulting in very stiff structure. We may consider this structure as a kind ofsemi-integral bridge, with definite advantages in regard to seismic resistance, which isprovided mainly by the pier stiffness.The bridge across Rijeka dubrovačka includes twodifferent structural types, hence is not strictly covered by the rules given in EC 8. Thecable stayed superstructure was analysed as limited ductile with behaviour factor q=1.5.This behaviour factor was utilised for the composite superstructure, the pylon and eastbank abutment.The seismic design of the prestressed concrete approach bridge on thewest coast was based on modal superposition dynamic analysis of the bridge. Obtained323
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.internal forces were modified by behaviour factors [1]. The reduction of the seismicforces, by the behaviour factor q > 1.2 could have been performed under the conditionthat the adequate measures are provided in order to avoid premature damage in thedissipative zone of the plastic hinge at the botom of the pier. The non-linear analysis hasshown that the behaviour factor q = 3,5 may be applied, but hor<strong>iz</strong>ontal movements 1,43times larger than those obtained for elastic response (q =1) should be accounted for inthe design.Two hydraulic dampers of 200 tons capacity each, were installed between theapproach bridge and the west bank abutment. The pier base is designed to act as plastichinge. The composite superstructure of the Krka bridge prevented util<strong>iz</strong>ing the same rigidframeconcept as on Maslenica bridge. The continuous superstructure is supported onlongitudinally movable bearings on stiff short piers and abutments, and longitudinallyfixed bearings on tall flexible piers. The arch of the Krka river bridge is designed withbehaviour factor 1.2, while other components are designed with behaviour factor 1,5. Thesuperstructure is longitudinally very flexible, which resulted in large hor<strong>iz</strong>ontal movementsin case of seismic event. For this reason viscous dampers are to be introduced at bothends of the superstructure, transmitting longitudinal forces to massive abutments. Twodampers of 2000 kN capacity each, shall be installed at both abutments.Traditional approach was used for the Maslenica bridge with seismic resistance mainly bythe fixed piers. For the Dubrovnik bridge and the Krka bridge, the structural response hasbeen enhanced by the introduction of seismic viscous dampers.Presented on:Proc. FIB Symposium, Concrete structures in seismic regionsAthens, Greece, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jure RadićProject No. 0082219324
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 311INITIAL STAGE DECOMPOSITION KINETICS OF NITROCELLULOSEPROPELLANTRajić Linarić, M.; Sućeska, M.; Matečić Mušanić, S.; Čuljak, R.Brodarski Institut, Zagreb, CroatiaA thermal decomposition reaction in nitrocellulose, which is the basic component ofhomogeneous propellants, limits the safe use and safe storage time of propellants. Undercertain conditions the decomposition may lead to the well-known phenomenon of selfignition.In order to be able predict the shelf-life and thermal hazard potential ofpropellants it is of vital importance to know a true decomposition mechanism and truevales of kinetic constants. In this work we have studied decomposition kinetics ofnitrocellulose propellant during the initial decomposition stage (up to 2% mass loss) atelevated temperatures ranging from 80 to 100 oC. The kinetic results were derived fromsample mass loss-time/temperature. It was found out that the activation energy for thisdecomposition stage equals 123.4 kJ/mol, and pre-exponential factor 1.78×106 1/s. Also,it was found out, on the basis of the kinetic data obtained, that the reaction rateaccelerating factor changes with temperature - from ~3 at 90-100 oPresented on:New Trends in Research of Energatic MaterialsPardubice, Češka, 20-22.04.2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Muhamed SućeskaProject No. 0192007325
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 312LCD MONITORS RECYCLING FACILITYRakamarić, Petar; Vučković, Krešimir; Panić, NenadFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThis paper introduces the concept of disassembly line for liquid crystal display (LCD)monitors remanufacturing and recycling. By the end of 2004 it is estimated that LCDmonitors will surpass CRT monitors in worldwide unit sales. Currently the only methodsused to deal with the end-of-life LCD units are incineration or landfill. Both are expensiveand environmentally harmful because LCD monitors contain hazardous materials. TheEuropean Commission Directive 2002/96/EC on WEEE requests disassembly of LCDmonitors with a surface greater than 100 cm2. Disassembly in the recycling processprovides the means to efficiently remove the components containing hazardous materialsand extract valuable components or metals.Presented on:45th International Conference of Machine Design DepartmentsBlansko, Češka, 07-09.09.2004.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Milan OpalićProject No. 0120009326
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 313APPLICATION OF ION CHROMATOGRAPHY IN WATER ANALYSISM. RegeljaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIon chromatography (IC) can be defined as the widest expression of analytical chemistry,since IC represents both a tool for solving analytical problems in all areas of interest and,basically, equilibria, the core of analytical chemistry, which are the key factors for aseparation. Equilibria play the principal role in IC and can be modulated as a function ofthe nature of the analytes, as such or modified, stationary phases and eluents. Throughthe choice of stationary phase and eluent composition the selectivity can be modulated,but the eluent must also meet the requirements of the detection system. In fact, advancesin IC are strictly related to both good and highly selective separation and extremely lowdetection limits. Furthermore, IC offers a number of advantages over alternative analyticalmethods in terms of speed, stability, reliability and on line sample preparation.This study explains basic principles of ion chromatographic analysis and possibility of itsapplication in water analysis. The advantages and disadvantages of ion chromatographyover the other widely used techniques were elaborated. It is shown that ionchromatography is the method of fist choice for analysis of ions in water samples.Presented on:11 th Young Investigators Seminar on Analytical ChemistryGraz, Austria, 2-5.7. 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Štefica Cerjan-StefanovićProject No. 0125016327
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 314IDENTIFICATION OF BINDING MEDIA OF A BANNER PAINTED ANDGILDED ON BOTH SIDESIva Rezić, Dragica Krstić, Ljerka BokićFaculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAn old fragile banner of Saint Paul and Saint George, made of blue silk fabric andpainted and gilded on both sides, was in a higly deteriorated condition. The objectivof the treatment was to achieve preservation of the banner. An identification of thebinding media was undertaken by TLC methods to facilitate the choice of cleaningmethods, conservation and restauration.The method involved vapor phasehydrolysis of unknown sample and 10 reference materials using 6 N hydrochloricacid. Hydrolysates of proteins were separated on microcrystalline cellulose precoatedlayers 20 × 20 cm with several solvent systems. The best separation ofamino a cids was achieved by means of tw o dimensional chromatographicseparation with chloroform – methanol – ammonia 17 p.ct. (40 : 40 : 20) as the firstsolvent system and phenol – water (75 : 25) as the second. Spots were visualised byspraying chromatograms with ninhydrin and isatin. The plates were recorded withCAMAG Video Documentation System. Proteinaceous binders were analyzed andidentified by the presence or absence of amino acids in the chromatogram, and werecompared with chromatograms of 15 different pure amino acid standards that havebeen separated with the first solvent system.Reference resin samples and unkno wn sample were extracted in chlo roform threetimes for 15 minutes in ultrasonic bath, and were spotted on the original line of silicagel F 254 s plates using glass micropipettes. Several solvent systems were examined.The best was benzene – methanol (95 : 5) with a multiple development technique.The plates were developed and dried for three times.The chromatograms were captured under UV light and those that were sprayingwith antimony – trichloride reagent were recorded under white light by means of higlysensitive 3CCD color video camera.Presented on:7 th International Symposium“ Advances in Analytical Separation Science”Chromatography and ElectrophoresisPortschach, Austria, June 3 rd – 5 th 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ana-Marija GrancarićProject No. 0117012328
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 315INTELLIGENT AUTHORING SHELL BASED ON WEB SERVICESMarko Rosić 1 Vlado Glavinić 2 Branko Žitko 11) Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Education, University of Split, Croatia2) Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaE-learning is on the crossroad between information and communication technology onone side and education on the other. Intelligent authoring shells are kind of e-learningsystems capable for generating intelligent tutoring systems. Web services, as standardfor describing, publishing, finding and binding application interfaces, could raise e-learning systems into a higher level enabling communication between learning systemsregardless of used application platforms. xTEx-Sys is intelligent authoring shellcompletely oriented on Web services. This paper describes functional requirements andarchitecture of xTEx-Sys system.Presented on:INES 2004The 8th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering SystemsCluj-Napoca, Romania, September 19-21, 2004.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Slavomir StankovProject No. 0177110329
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 316FREE VIBRATION MODEL OF THIN WALLED BEAMS APPLIED TOVEHICLE STRUCTURESRoščić, S.; Brnić, J.; Čehić, Z.Faculty of Engeneering, University of Rijeka, CroatiaThere are a great deal of engineering applications of thin walled beams. A main reasonfor their common use is their high performance in terms of minimum weight for a givenstrength. The structural behaviour of thin walled structures is very complex. Their theoryis somewhere between theory of classic beams and theory of thin shells. This paperdeals with free vibration analysis of thin walled beams. The formulation is quite acomprehensive because it consider shear deformation effects due to flexural shear andrestrained warping stress and rotary inertia effects, behind the bending - torsionalcoupling effects due to unsymmetric cross sections. The equations of motion are doneunder Vlasov’s assumptions of thin walled beams with the application of linear<strong>iz</strong>edHellinger – Reissner principle. Elastic and geometric stiffness matrices are presented forfinite element analysis on the example of Hermitian beam element.Presented on:Motauto '02, Russe,Bulgaria, October, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip BrnićProject No. 0069006330
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 317WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CROATIAM. Rujnić-Sokele, M. Šercer, G. BarićFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaOne of the enormous problems of today’s civilisation, especially in the developedcountries, is the waste. Every product, whether made of wood, glass, plastic, rubber,paper or metal, has influence on the environment. Such influence depends on variousfactors during production of raw materials, manufacture, and use of products all the wayto their final disposal. In the civilised countries, the solution of the problem is sought ingradual development of integrated waste management systems interconnected with theintegrated environmental management system. Reducing of waste, and maximising ofenvironmentally friendly recycling represent the planned goals of waste management.Advanced methods of waste recycling enable its full usage, but the basic precondition isseparate collection of each type of waste. The work presents waste management inCroatia using as example waste disposal in the city of Zagreb.Presented on:International Conference "The future of Waste management in Europe",Strasburg, France, 7-8 October, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mladen ŠercerProject No. 0120035331
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 318METHOD TO RECONSTRUCT URBAN TRANSPORT FACILITIESRukavina, T.; Lakušić, S.; Dragčević, V.; Šimun, M.Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe measurements showed that the International Roughness Index (IRI) values for theurban transport facilities predicted for reconstruction range from 5m/km to 14m/km, andfor new or already reconstructed ones the values vary about 2m/km. Usual ways of repairof the pavement facilities structures in the city of Zagreb are: 1) replacement of alreadyexisting asphalt layers with a new bitumin<strong>iz</strong>ed crushed stone material base course andwearing asphalt concrete layer and 2) performance of the new pavement structure (layerof mechanically compacted course of grain stone material, bearing layer stabil<strong>iz</strong>ed byhydraulic binder, bearing layer made of bitumin<strong>iz</strong>ed crushed stone material and a layer ofsplitmastix asphalt wearing course -SMA. As a large number of urban facilities is plannedfor reconstruction, the study was conducted to justify each repair mode. The studyproposes the IRI values, obtained from the investigation measurement results upon whichthe reconstructioncould be carried out to get the aimed IRI values ranging up to 2m/km in the end point.Presented on:Tenth International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environmentin the 21st Century (URBAN TRANSPORT 2004),Dresden, Germany, 19 – 21 May 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko PollakProject No. 0082221332
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 319CONSTRUCTION AGGREGATES PRODUCTION IN URBAN AREAB. Salopek, I. Sobota, G. BedekovićFaculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe greatest part of crushed stone, gravel and sand production is won by open pitoperations, whereas gravel and sand partially also from river beds. Its obvious that sucha mining activity provoke some changes in the configuration and environmentalcharacteristics of the region, in the temporary or permament disapperance of vegetableor animal species and in the creation of noise, dust and waste water. However,mentioned mining operations shouldn't have only negative effects on the landscape andland potential, but they can discover and predetermine potential of exploited area forvarious communal purposes after exploitation (eg. sports and recreation centers,campsites, resorts, fish-farms, etc.).The paper presents construction aggregates production in plants located in the vicinity ofZagreb, the capital of Croatia. Advantages and disadvantages of aggregates productionin the urban area in the spirit of sustainable development are discused.Presented on:International Conference on Sustainable Development Idicators in the Mineral Industries(SDIMI 2003)Milos, Greece, May 21-23, 2003:Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko SalopekProject No. 0195039333
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 320IMPROVEMENT OF QUARTZ SAND QUALITY USING ATTRITIONCLEANINGB. Salopek, I. Sobota, R. Halle, G. BedekovićFaculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaTo meet high quality requirements defined for specific industrial applications, the rawsand often has to be subjected to extensive physical and chemical processing. When theimpurities occur in the form of oxide coatings on the surfaces of the single sand grains,attriton cleaning is applied. By reducing the proportion of oxide coatings on the grains, thequality of sand can be improved. The paper presents the results of attrition cleaningobtained by testing the samples of quartz sand under laboratory conditions. The testswere conducted in a laboratory attrition cell at different values of operating parameters:suspension density, attrition time and stirrer speed. Indicators of attrition efficiency werethe content of the particles –0.063 mm and content of main impurities (Al 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 )removed through the attrition process.Presented on:13 th International Symposium on Mine Planing and Equipment Selection (MPES 2004),Wroclaw, Poland, September 1-3, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko SalopekProject No. 0195039334
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 321HARMONIC ACCELERATION METHOD AND APPLICATIONSI. Senjanović, J. Parunov, S. Tomašević, S. RudanFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe paper presents the algorithm of the harmonic acceleration method for timeintegration of the FEM formulated dynamic equilibrium equations. Its application isillustrated in case of ship and offshore structure dynamics, i.e. ship whipping, riserhydroelasticity and ship rolling. Linear and non-linear transient and random problems areconsidered.Presented on:The Fifth World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCMV),Vienna, Austria. July 7-12, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ivo SenjanovićProject No. 0120001335
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 322SLAMMING AND WHIPPING ANALYSIS OF A FRIGATEIvo Senjanović, Joško Parunov, Marin VundaćFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaDetermination of the impact load and transient response of ships in harmonic waves isconsidered. Different methods for impact force and its time variation assumptions arecompared. Numerical method for whipping analysis, util<strong>iz</strong>ing the finite element method,mode superposition method for the system condensation and the harmonic accelerationmethod for the time integration, is developed. Application of the numerical procedure forslamming and whipping analysis is illustrated in case of a frigate. The obtained resultsare compared with the available model test results from literature. Bending moment isanalysed within the global ship strengrth and their uncertainty is pointed outPresented on:The 10th International Congress of the International Maritime Association of theMediterranean (IMAM), Rethymno, Crete, Hellas, May, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ivo SenjanovićProject No. 0120001336
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 323TRANSIENT SHORT – CIRCUIT CURRENTS IN AUXILIARY DCINSTALLATIONS IN POWER PLANTS AND SUBSTATIONSSkok, Srñan; Marušić, Ante; Tešnjak, SejidFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe original contribution of this work is contained in the following statements. A generalmathematical model of auxiliary DC installations in power plants was developed in orderto be used for analyzing short circuit conditions according to the references [1] and [2]. Itwas concluded that the transient state during short circuit has to be taken into account.The essence of this new approach is the new mathematical model which takes intoconsideration not only resistances, but inductances and capacities of auxiliary DCelements as well as the active network in front of the rectifier. Based on this mathematicalmodel, an original program package was developed and used for analyzing anddimensioning auxiliary DC installations in power plants according to [10]. The resultsobtained by means of the program package are relevant for dimensioning all elements ofauxiliary DC installations, particularly when protection devices are considered.Presented on:IEEE PowerTech 2003Faculty of Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy, June 23-26. 2003.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Sejid TešnjakProject No. 036046337
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 324NUMERICAL 3D SIMULATION OF BULK METAL FORMINGSkunca, M.; Keran, Z.; Gr<strong>iz</strong>elj, B.; Math, M. D.The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaIntensive development of a Finite Element FE programs brings them close to theapplication and everyday engineering praxis. After (Mackerle, 2002) in the year 2002there have been 1538 FE programs registered. The major commercially available FEprograms for forming process simulation are enumerated in (Haepp & Roll 1999). Theiravailability enabled the production engineers to use them for obtaining the quick answersto a non typical problems emerging in everyday engineering praxis (Soltani et al., 1997)or (Altan et al. 1995). Commercial FE programs can be used in parallel with theexperiment while researching a bulk metal forming technology. The result is improvementof both, FE and experiment. Likewise obtained FE model can be used for givingmentioned quick answers for similar processes. In estimation of those similarities only theexperienced engineers can take a serious part by having an insight in both; principles ofFE analysis and real metalforming process. Therefore to enable a simultaneousengagement in applied FEM and praxis there was a need to give a brief review of theused Finite Element Method and it was done in this paper. All the steps from the principleof the virtual work to the iterative solvers used in Marc are explained in order to clarify themain problems in structural, non linear analysis. Since MSC Marc is a universal solverused as a module in many different CAM software, this paper should provide an insight inMarc FEM solution techniques. In the end, a bulk metal forming process - radial gearextrusion of a gear is performed to demonstrate a capability of the used software.Presented on:15 th International DAAAM Symposium,«Intelligent Manufacturing & Automation: Globalisation - Technology – Men – Nature»Vienna, Austria, 3-6th November 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Miljenko MathProject No. 0120006338
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 325EXPERIMENTALLY AIDED CREATION OF NUMERICAL MODEL OFRADIAL GEAR EXTRUSION IN COLD STATEM. Skunca, M. D. Math, M. PlancakThe Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaThe objective of this article is numerical and experimental research of the net shapeforming in the process of radial gear extrusion in cold state. Experiment was carried outusing Al99.5 as a modelling material to record the force-stroke diagram. In the end offorming process, gear geometry was cut in hor<strong>iz</strong>ontal and vertical planes to measure thehardness with aim to compare the results and numerical simulation. Refined by theexperiment, numerical simulation was carried out in MSC Marc 2003, a commercialprogram package capable of dealing with finite strain using the Finite Elements Method.Offering a great number of modelling possibilities, numerical simulation was consideredas a technology. Therefore the experimental model was needed to asset the optimal FEmodel, capable of capturing the physical phenomena like finite strain, strain hardeningand friction. Comparison between the FE simulation and the experiment was done vianumerically and experimentally obtained force-stroke diagram and comparison of themeasured hardness with numerically obtained equivalent strain. Good agreement of allcompared data Comparative analysis of the results has shown that the actual meshgeometry,friction model and updatedLagrangian formulation of the finite strain, represent a satisfying numerical model of agear extrusion in cold state. Obtained FE model can be applied to the other geargeometries only by making minor, geometrical changes in numerical model.Presented on:7th Esaform conference on Material Forming ESAFORM 2004Trondheim, Norway. April 28-30 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Miljenko MathProject No. 0120006339
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 326AN EFFICIENT MESHLESS FORMULATION FOR THICK PLATEANALYSISJurica Sorić 1 , Qiuzhan Li 2 , Tomislav Jarak 1 , Satya N. Atluri 21) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,Croatia2) Center for Aerospace Research & Education, University of California, Irvine, CA.92612, USAAn efficient meshless formulation based on the Local Petrov-Galerkin approach for theanalysis of shear deformable thick plates is presented. Using the kinematics of a threedimensionalcontinuum, the local symmetric weak form of the equilibrium equations overthe cylindrical shaped local sub-domain is derived. The linear test function in the platethickness direction is assumed. Discret<strong>iz</strong>ation in the in-plane directions is performed bymeans of the moving least squares approximation. The linear interpolation over thethickness is used for the in-plane displacement, while the hierarchical quadraticinterpolation is adopted for the transversal displacement in order to avoid the thicknesslocking effect. The numerical efficiency of the proposed meshless formulation isillustrated by the numerical examples.Presented on:Sixth World Congress on Computational Mechanics,Beijing, China, September 5-10, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jurica SorićProject No. 0120034340
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 327ON NUMERICAL MODELING OF ELASTOPLASTIC RESPONSES OFSHELL STRUCTURESJurica Sorić, Zdenko Tonković, Igor KaršajFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaEfficient numerical algorithms for modeling of elastoplastic responses of shell structuresare proposed. Both small strain and large strain formulations are presented. The smallstrain formulation employs a realistic highly nonlinear and temperature dependenthardening model, while an isothermal free energy-based formulation incorporatingisotropic and kinematic hardening is applied for the large strain analysis. An associativeflow rule and von Mises yield criterion are employed. In order to ensure a highconvergence rate in the global iteration approach, algorithmic tangent moduli are derivedfor both formulations. Numerical example demonstrates robustness and efficiency of theproposed algorithms.Presented on:NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Multi-physics and Multi-scale Computer Models inNon-linear Analysis and Optimal Design of Engineering Structures under ExtremeConditions,Bled, Slovenia, June 13-17 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jurica SorićProject No. 0120034341
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 328WHAT IS OUR EFFECT SIZE: EVALUATING THE EDUCATIONALINFLUENCE OF A WEB-BASED INTELLIGENT AUTHORING SHELL?Slavomir Stankov 1 , Vlado Glavinić 2 , Ani Grubišić 11) Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Education, University of Split, Croatia2) Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAn educational system can be interpreted as a community where students and teachersare involved in the process of learning and teaching. Present-day educational systemspresent their users (teachers and students) an intelligent environment in order to enhancethe learning and teaching process. Specifically, intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) arecomputer systems designed for support and improvement of the learning and teachingprocess in a freely chosen knowledge domain. The goal of ITS developers is to buildsuch systems that will create individual<strong>iz</strong>ed instruction to get as close as possible to the2-sigma boundary. As acquisition of knowledge is often an expensive and timeconsuming process, it is important to know whether it actually improves studentperformance. In this paper we present some results on the evaluation of a Web-basedITS. Within this context we measure its educational effectiveness in augmenting students'accomplishments for a particular knowledge domain using the effect s<strong>iz</strong>e as the metrics.By so doing we determine whether and in which degree an ITS increases studentsperformance and can thus be an adequate alternative for human tutors.Presented on:INES 2004The 8th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering SystemsCluj-Napoca, Romania, September 19-21, 2004Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Slavomir StankovProject No. 0177110342
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 329REAL AMPLIFIER INFLUENCE ON IMPEDANCE TAPERED 2nd-ORDER FILTERSN. Stojković, D. Jurišić, N. MijatFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn this paper, an influence of real parameters of operational amplifier to the impedancetapered filter transfer function is analyzed. As an example, a second-order low-pass (LP)and high-pass (HP) Sallen and Key filters with Butterworth and Chebyshev transferfunction approximations are considered. Design tables with normal<strong>iz</strong>ed element valuesfor both cases are given. The filter elements were calculated using three different designcriteria: equal resistors, capacitors and impedance tapered elements. Filter transferfunctions are obtained using ideal and real operational amplifier. Real model of commonoperational amplifier is presented. Active sensitivities for all presented filters are shown.The results obtained by the analyses show significant influence of real amplifier in thefrequency ranges higher than 100kHz. Reduction of active sensitivities is obtained usingimpedance tapering, which fortunately, reduces the passive sensitivities as well.Presented on:IEEE R8 International Conference on Computer as a Tool, Region 8 EUROCON 2003,Ljubljana, Slovenia, 22-24, September 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Neven MijatProject No. 0036003343
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 330THE INFLUENCE OF PH ON THE COPPER CORROSION INHIBITIONIN CHLORIDE MEDIAStupnišek-Lisac, Ema; Otmačić, Helena; Goršćak, MarioFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe influence of solution pH value on the copper corrosion inhibition by 4-methyl-1(4-methoxyphenyl) imidazole has been investigated. The measurements of corrosion rate inthe absence and in presence of the investigated imidazole compound, performed byelectrochemical methods (Tafel extrapolation and polar<strong>iz</strong>ation resistance determination),have shown that 4-methyl-1(4-methoxyphenyl) imidazole significantly reduces coppercorrosion in acidic and neutral chloride media. The inhibition was most pronounced at pH2 (92 %) and least pronounced at pH 0 (46 %). At higher pH values the inhibition waslimited by the solubility of 4-methyl-1(4-methoxyphenyl) imidazole. The investigatedinhibitor retards both cathodic and anodic reaction, which confirms that the investigatedimidazole compound acts as a mixed inhibitor. Measurements of pH values of thesolution, prior to and after adding the investigated imidazole derivative, have shown thatpH increases with the increase of the inhibitor concentration in both acidic and neutralsolutions. This can be explained by the protonation of the inhibitor.Presented on:15th International Corrosion Congress,Granada, Spain, 22-27.09.2002Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Ema Stupnišek-LisacProject No. 0125012344
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 331ANALYTIC FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL OF ROTARY CRANE USINGEVOLUTIONARY SEARCH FOR OPTIMAL FUZZY PARAMETERSSučević, M.; Novaković, B.; Crneković, M.Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThis paper implements fuzzy logic control of a rotary crane which makes three kinds ofmotion (rotation, load hoisting, boom hoisting) simultaneously. The goal is to transfer aload in a given time to a desired place minim<strong>iz</strong>ing the swing of the load at the end of atransfer. For each controllable degree of freedom of motion, fuzzy logic controller isconstructed util<strong>iz</strong>ing analytic approach to fuzzy logic control synthesis. This avoids aproblem of exponential growth in fuzzy rules as the number of variables increases. Forthat purpose, instead of defining a fuzzy rule base, analytic function is used thatdetermines the positions of the centres of the output fuzzy sets. Input variables in eachanalytical fuzzy logic controller are position and velocity errors of corespondingcontrollable and each directly uncontrollable (swing of a load) degree of freedom. Someof the free fuzzy sets parameters were obtained using evolutionary algorithmsoptim<strong>iz</strong>ation method.Presented on:15th International Daaam Symposium,Vienna, Austria. 3-6 November, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mladen CrnekovićProject No. 0120002345
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 332APPLICATION OF DSC IN STABILITY STUDIES OF DOUBLE BASEPROPELLANTSSućeska, M.; Rajić, M.; Matečić Mušanić, S.; Bakija, S.; Čuljak, R.; Jagušić, V.;ðurak, S.Brodarski Institut, Zagreb, CroatiaThermal decomposition of propellants limits their safe and reliable service life. Undercertain conditions propellants decomposition may become autocatalytic and can lead tothe well-known phenomena of self-ignition. It is therefore of great importance todetermine accurately propellant stability at a given moment of storage time, as well as topredict with sufficient accuracy whether or not a propellant will ignite under givenconditions. Decomposition causes decrease of relevant propellants’ ; ; properties:decrease of nitrocellulose molar mass, decrease of stabil<strong>iz</strong>er content, decrease ofspecimen mass, change of mechanical and ballistic performances, etc. Thus, the qualityof propellants, i.e. their stability, may be quantified and judged by measuring the changesof these properties. In this paper we have studied thermal properties of several stableand unstable double base propellants in order to see if there are such changes in thermalproperties that can be used in propellants stability assePresented on:New Trends in Research of Energatic MaterialsPardubice, Češka, 22-24.04.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Muhamed SućeskaProject No. 0192007346
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 333IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INDUSTRIAL DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMIN EDUCATION PROCESSDamir Sumina, Neven Bulić, Gorislav ErcegFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaSpeed control system with slip-ring AC motor (ASTAT ® ) is a system for tasks in the fieldof industrial cranes. In the system are made corresponding modifications in order toperform DC motor speed control in the laboratory environment. Main purpose is topresent laboratory system for DC motor control to students. The system is used forcomparison of different power converters used for DC drives control. There is a possibilityof laboratory use for control more than one DC motor drive supplied by thyristor or IGBTconverters. There is also a possibility of networking those systems in distributed controlsystem. This laboratory model enables our students to become familiar with realproblems in industrial drive control systems.Presented on:EPE,Toulouse, France, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Gorislav ErcegProject No. 0036026347
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 334COMPARISON OF THE EXCITATION CONTROL OF ASYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR WITH FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLERAND PI VOLTAGE CONTROLLERDamir Sumina, Gorislav Erceg, Tomislav IdzoticFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThis article is focused on the simulation and implementation of simple fuzzy logicexcitation control of a synchronous generator. In MATLAB/SIMULINK is simulated modelof the synchronous generator connected to an AC system. A simple fuzzy logic controlscheme is simulated for voltage control and generator stabil<strong>iz</strong>ation. This simulation iscompared with the behaviour of the real laboratory model, which include digital regulationsystem (based on four DSPs) and synchronous generator connected to an AC system.The behaviour of the excitation system with fuzzy logic controller is compared withexcitation system based on the PI voltage controller.Presented on:EPE-PEMCRiga, Italy, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Gorislav ErcegProject No. 0036026348
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 335APPLICATION OF CONCENTRATED LOADS ON CORTICAL BONEAND SAINT VENANT’ S PRINCIPLEŠešić, Nenad; Opalić, Milan; Panić, Nenad; Vučković, KrešimirFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaSaint-Venant's principle is in engineering procedures the fundamental basis for staticmechanical tests of material properties. But traditional applications of Saint-Venant'sprinciple require major modifications when strongly anisotropic and composite materialsare of concern. Cortical bone at the macrolevel can be considered as a composite with ahydroxyapatite matrix reinforced with collagen. The measurement of the pressuredistribution and the subsurface stress field developed on the polished cortical bonesurface in contact with pressuresensitive films, can be carried out with high accuracy.This phenomenon has important practical consequences in many fields of biomechanics -in the mechanical testing of bone material and implants, appropriate specimen s<strong>iz</strong>es andstrain gauge placement etc.Presented on:3. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für BiomechanikMüenchen, Germany, 29-31.05.2003.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Milan OpalićProject No. 0120009349
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 336DEVELOPMENT OF A DIFFERENTIAL CONICAL SCREW (DCS) FOROSTEOGENIC ACTIVATION OF BONE IN GRAFTING PROCEDURESŠešić, Nenad; Triffitt, John; Vučković, Krešimir; Panić, NenadFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe aim was to improve the screw design. There is a correlation between the initialoverstrain and new bone overgrowth used for further autotransplantation. Mechanicaldeformation was induced in bovine bone by DCS. Method of object raster show higherstress - strain distributions around the DCS with chisel thread than metric threads.Conclusion - lamellar structure of cortical bone and chisel threads induces wider 3Ddeformation.Presented on:British Orthopaedic Association Annual Congress,Cardiff, Great Britain, 18-20.09.2002.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Milan OpalićProject No. 0120009350
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 337FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF RADIAL GEAR EXTRUSIONŠkunca, M.; Keran, Z., Math, M.The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaThe aim of this paper is to numerically model the manufacturing process of radial gearextrusion in cold state using FE method. Modelling was carried out in MSC Marc,generally non-linear program package, using Lagrangian approach. Numerical resultswere compared to the data obtained by the experiment carried out over the same geargeometry and billet material. Numerical phenomenon of overall FE volume loss was alsoconsidered and its dependence on the element types used in simulation.Presented on:14th International DAAAM Symposium«Intelligent Manufacturing & Automation: Focus on Reconstruction and DevelopmentSarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegowina, 22-25th October 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Miljenko MathProject No. 0120006351
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 338ASSESSMENT OF THE HIGH-POWER ULTRASOUND POINTSOURCE FOR THE MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERYAlan ŠtimacBrodarski Institut, Zagreb, CroatiaDuring interdisciplinary collaboration in scientific-research programmes in the field of highpower ultrasound applications in neurosurgery, a possibility to apply high-powerultrasonic point sources for minimally invasive neurosurgery has been noticed. Earlierexperiences with noncontact applications of high energy ultrasound have induced theidea of ultrasonic energy transfer through an elastic wire waveguide. The scope of thiswork is to present the results of theoretical and experimental research in the field ofgeneration and propagation of high-power ultrasound as well as of its application inminimally invasive neurosurgery. Theoretical part covers methods for calculation andmodelling of optimised ultrasonic transducers giving a basis for design of a high-powerultrasonic point source for minimally invasive surgery. Generation and transmission ofultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic transducer, through the mechanical concentrator tothe endoscopic tool and the ability for adaptation to different surgical applications havebeen described. By means of the conducted analysis, terms of transmission andtransformation of the acoustic energy from the ultrasonic transducer to the endoscopictool have been determined. In the analysis of the mechanical concentrators, with the helpof finite elements method modelling, parametric optimisation of the concentrator shapeand length has been conducted. In the experimental part, methods for verification of thetheoretical results have been presented. This includes methods for validation theperformance of the 1, 6 mm titanium wire as an endoscopic tool and experimentalmethods for assessment of electric and acoustic characteristics of the high-powerultrasonic point source. The emitted acoustic power, sound pressure distribution in thefree field (vertical and hor<strong>iz</strong>ontal plane) and the efficiency coefficient of the ultrasonicprobe have been determined experimentally by measurements in an anechoichydroacoustical tank. The results of this research present a stimulus for application ofhigh-power ultrasound in the minimally invasive surgery, while the experimental resultsindicates the need for metrological supervision of surgical equipment.Presented on:5th World Congress on Ultrasonics,Paris, France, 07-10.09.2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Tihomir ŠtimacProject no. 0192011352
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 339ASSESSMENT OF THE TITANIUM WIRE AS A ENDOSCOPICSURGICAL TOOLAlan ŠtimacBrodarski Institut, Zagreb, CroatiaDuring scientific-research programmes in the Republic of Croatia, a possibility to applyhigh-power ultrasonic point sources for minimally invasive neurosurgery has beennoticed. Earlier experiences with applications of high energy ultrasound have induced theidea of ultrasonic energy transfer through an elastic wire waveguide. The scope of thisstudy is to present the results of theoretical and experimental research in the field ofgeneration and propagation of high-power ultrasound along the titanium wire as aendoscopic surgical tool. On the basis of the theoretical calculations for generation andtransmission of ultrasonic waves from the ultrasonic transducer, through the mechanicalconcentrator to the endoscopic tool, the ability for adaptation to different surgicalapplications have been described. In the experimental part, methods for verification of thetheoretical results have been presented. This includes methods for validation theperformance of the 1, 6 mm titanium wire as an endoscopic tool and experimentalmethods for assessment of electric and acoustic characteristics.Presented on:1st Congress of Alps-Adria Acoustics Association,Portorož, Slovenia, 1-2.09.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Tihomir ŠtimacProject no. 0129011353
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 340EVALUATION OF THE NEUROSURGICAL ENDOSCOPIC CONTACTULTRASONIC PROBEAlan Štimac, Davorin Ambruš, Dinko ŠtimacBrodarski Institut, Zagreb, CroatiaThe aim of our study has been to evaluate construction of an neurosurgical endoscopiccontact ultrasonic probe (NECUP) with respect to some specific technical, medicinal andoperational requirements. On the basis of the theoretical model, the NECUP has beenreal<strong>iz</strong>ed as a rod-type resonant vibrating system, consisting of a half-wave lengthtransducer of piezoceramic material, and a resonant wave guide in the form of a speciallyshaped velocity transformer with titanium wire. Special attention has been paid to theelectro-acoustical characteristics (high efficiency of the transducer, low losses in thewave-guide, stability of the longitudinal vibrations at high amplitudes) of the transducer aswell as of the wave guide. Due to the principle of ultrasonic surgery (direct cutting,cavitation, fragmentation and thermal damage), the irreversible changes in brain tissuesare reported. Light and electron microscope assessed the lesion made in the brains ofexperimental rats. Histological findings showed the zone of the thermal injuries (100-200)m and the zone of ultrastructural changes from (200-300) m, indicating the sparingeffect of the probe with regard to the adjacent neurovascular structures. Authors presentclinical application of the NECUP in endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) procedures.Surgery was performed in patients with neurological symptoms of elevated intracranialpressure and neuroradiological evidence of non-communicating hydrocephalus causedby mesencephalic aqueduct stenosis. The newly designed NECUP is 1, 6 mm indiameter and easily passes through the 2, 2 mm ventriculoscope working channel. It is anew and effective tool in neurosurgical armamentarium as it enables safe fenestration ofthe third brain ventricle at minimal thermal and ultrastructural damage of the adjacentneural structures with maximal preservation of vascular structures. Further research willbe focused on defining possibilities for the use of the device in other endoscopicprocedures as well.Presented on:3rd Int.Symposium on Therapeutic Ultrasound,Lyon, France, 22-25.6.2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Tihomir ŠtimacProject no. 0129011354
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 341FATIGUE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF A CONVERTED FPSO HULLS. Tomašević, Y. Garbatov , C. Guedes SoaresUnit of Marine Technology and EngineeringInstituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of LisbonAv. Rovisco Pais, 1096 Lisboa, PortugalThis work deals with the fatigue assessment of a FPSO converted from a tanker basedon a finite element analysis. The finite element calculations are performed on two levelsincluding global and local detailed analysis. Due to the difference of sea state conditionsand wide of operations of the initial and converted vessels two different models are usedfor modelling entire operational life of the ship initially built as a tanker and 20 years laterconverted to a FPSO. The models cover all particularities of the vessels includingenvironment, sea state conditions and structural differences achieved after theconversion and they are used to conduct a complete stochastic spectral fatigue analysisfor entire service life of an already converted 25 year FPSO. Two hot spots are analyzedaccounting for the combination of all loading conditions and fatigue damage of entireoperational life is assessed.Presented on:9 th Portuguese Conference on Fracture,Setubal, Portugal, 18-20 February, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ivo SenjanovićProject No. 0120001355
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 342ELASTOPLASTIC ANALYSIS OF EXTERNAL AXIAL SURFACECRACKS IN TUBES.Tonković, Z.; Skozrit, IFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaSystematic detailed linear and non-linear 3-D finite element analyses have been carriedout to determine the stress intensity factors, the J-integral and the plastic limit loads forexternal axial semi-elliptical surface cracks in VVER steam generator tubes under internalpressure. The results for the stress intensity factors are presented in terms of the wellknownGE/EPRI influence functions to allow comparisons with some results available inthe literature. The plastic limit pressure solutions have been developed on the basis offinite element limit load analyses employing elastic-perfectly plastic material behaviour.Using these solutions, a new analytical approximation of the plastic limit pressure hasbeen developed for a wide range of cracks. The proposed stress intensity factors andanalytical approximation of limit pressure provide very useful tools for assessing theintegrity of pressur<strong>iz</strong>ed tubes.Presented on:International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences,Madeira, Portugal, 26-29 July, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jurica SorićProject No. 0120034356
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 343ELASTOPLASTIC FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF THROUGH-WALLCRACKED CYLINDRICAL SHELLSTonković, Z.; Sorić, J.; Skozrit, I.Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThis paper deals with elastic and elastoplastic fracture analyses of cracked cylindricalshells subjected to combined internal pressure and bending. The effect of an off-centercrack angle on the J-integral evaluation has been illustrated. The hoop stresses effectdue to internal pressure is considered and a proportional loading approach has beenapplied. The solutions for J-integral values are obtained on the basis of nonlinear 3Dfinite element analysis using deformation theory of plasticity. For off-center cracks with asmall offset angle, the computed values of the J-integral at the crack front which is fartheraway from the bending axis of the cylinder exceed those of the centered cracks. Anincrease in the center angles produces a decrease in the J values, which results inincreasing load-carrying capacity of a cylinder. The FE solutions generated in this studywere used to develop new analytical approximation of elastic correction factor.Presented on:International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and SciencesCorfu, Greece, July 24-29, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jurica SorićProject No. 0120034357
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 344COMPUTATION OF LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDNEAR TRANSMISSION LINES AND SUBSTATIONSBojan TrkuljaFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThis paper describes a computation of low-frequency electromagnetic field neartransmission lines and substations that may be used for analysis of occupational andgeneral public electromagnetic fieldexposure. The computation is based upon the integral- equation approach and the usageof the method of moments for solving such equations. The charge that causes theirrotational component of electric field is calculated from known potentials of wires. Therotational component of electromagnetic field is calculated from a priori known linecurrentstaking into account the influence of the induced eddy currents.Presented on:10th International Symposium on Numerical Field Calculation in Electrical EngineeringGraz, Austria, 16.9 - 18.9. , 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Zijad HaznadarProject No. 0036024358
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 345FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CURVED BEAM STABILITYPROBLEMSTurkalj, G.; Brnić, J.; Čehić, Z.Faculty of Engeneering, University of Rijeka, CroatiaThe curved beam stability analysis using curved beam finite element is presented. In thatpurpose curved beam element is derived. Starting from a continuum mechanics basis,the incremental equation of equilibrium is established for a curved beam in its deformedstate using the Lagrangian formulation. The curved beam element presented herein isadvantageous in that the effects of curvature and warping are consistently considered.Presented on:PAMMHungary, September, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip BrnićProject No. 0069006359
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 346FINITE ELEMENT MODEL FOR INITIAL STABILITY ANALYSIS OFSEMI-RIGID FRAMESTurkalj, G.; Brnić, J.; V<strong>iz</strong>entin, G.Faculty of Engeneering, University of Rijeka, CroatiaThe paper presents a numerical stability analysis of semi-rigid frames using finite elementmodel. Two node beam element is applied and semi-rigid connections are described bythe initial connection stiffness R . Stability problems are treated as a matrix eigenvaluekiproblem, i.e. an initial stability analysis is performed. Material is assumed to be linearelastic.Presented on:PAMMHungary, September, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip BrnićProject No. 0069006360
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 347FREE VIBRATIONS OF BICLAMPED BEAM TYPE STRUCTURESTurkalj, G.; Čanañija, M.; V<strong>iz</strong>entin, G.Faculty of Engeneering, University of Rijeka, CroatiaAnalysis of flexural and torsional vibrations for biclamped beams is conducted. Theanalysis is carried out separately for each plane of vibration. The equations of motion foreach case are obtained applying Hamilton’s principle. Eigenvalues for the first threelowest modes are given. Analysis also gives the influence of shear deformations oneigenvalues, for various shape of the cross section. Axial loading also causes change ofeigenvalues. Numerical analysis is based on finite element methods.Presented on:PAMMHungary, January 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Josip BrnićProject No. 0069006361
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 348AUTOMATIC MESH MOTION IN FVMŽeljko Tuković 1 , Hrvoje Jasak 21) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,Croatia2) Nabla Ltd. London, United KingdomThere exists a number of physical phenomena in which the continuum solution coupleswith additional equations which influence the shape of the domain or the position of aninternal interface. Examples of such cases include multi-phase flows, where the interfacebetween the phases is captured by the mesh, solid-fluid interaction, where the motionand deformation of a solid changes the shape of the fluid domain etc. In this work weshall present a general-purpose moving mesh Finite Volume (FV) methodologydeveloped to simulate such cases.The main difficulty in tackling cases with variable geometry is maintaining of the meshquality. Out of several possible approaches to the problem, we have chosen thedeforming mesh method. Here, the computational mesh is adjusted to the shape of theboundary which is updated in every step of the transient simulation. It therefore remainsto determine the motion of all points internal to the mesh based on the prescribed motionof its boundary.Several deforming mesh approaches have been presented in the past, mainly based onthe spring analogy. However, this approach proved to lack robustness, particularly forarbitrarily unstructured meshes common in FV simulations. Having reviewed therequirements on the mesh motion solver in terms of mesh regularity we have settled on avertex based FE-type solver which operates on arbitrary polyhedra. A new type ofsecond-order polyhedral “motion element” consistent with the FV mesh handling hasbeen developed.In the FE mesh motion framework described above, we can choose several candidateequations to govern the mesh motion. The most obvious choices are the Laplaceequation with constant and variable diffusivity and the small-strain formulation of thelinear elastic model. The three choices have been investigated on a number of simpletest cases and the variable diffusivity Laplace equation has been selected as optimal,together with the set of rules for specifying the diffusivity field.The methodology is validated on several test cases in 2- and 3-D in order to examine itslimitations in terms of Co number and robustness. Finally, the automatic moving mesh FValgorithm is applied to a two-phase simulation of a free-rising air bubble in water. Here,the fluid equations are solved in both phases and coupled across the free surface. Thefree surface is represented as a mesh interface whose motion depends on the localpressure differences and surface tension.Presented on:Second MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics,Boston, USA, June 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branimir MatijaševićProject No. 0120011362
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 349THE EFFECT OF TEMPERING TEMPERATURES ON THEPROPERTIES OF LOW-ALLOYED WEAR RESISTANT STEELCASTINGFaruk Unkić 1 , Boro Mioč 2 , Zoran Kivač 2 , Stjepan Kožuh 11) Faculty of Metallurgy, University of Zagreb, Sisak, Croatia2) Felis d.o.o., Steel casting foundry, Sisak, CroatiaThe effects of tempering temperatures on microstructural and mechanical properties of inoil quenched low-alloyed Cr-Ni-Mo steel casting intended for wear resistant tool havebeen studied. In as-quenched condition an inhomogeneous martenzite microstructurewith about 10% retained austenite was achieved, which have had average tensilestrength 1442 MPa and hardness 53 HRc. Tempering of oil quenched steel samples wasperformed in 400 to 700°C temperature interval. Heat induced martenzite destabil<strong>iz</strong>ationand carbide precipitations resulted by linear decrease tensile strength from 1600 to 800MPa and yield strength from 1400 to 600 MPa, as well as by instantaneous increase ofelongation and contraction from 5 to 20% and 10 to 50% respectively. Microstructuralchanges with increasing of tempering temperatures were also followed by averagedecrease of hardness from 45 to 22 HRc.Presented on:42. livarskega strokovnega posvetovanja,Portorož, Slovenia, 23-24. May, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Faruk UnkićProject No. 0124004363
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 350PULSED EDDY CURRENT NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OFFERROMAGNETIC TUBESDarko Vasić 1 , Vedran Bilas 1 , Davorin Ambruš 21 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Croatia2 Brodarski Institut d.o.o., Zagreb, CroatiaIn sinusoidal eddy current nondestructive testing (NDT) of thick ferromagnetic tubes, wallthickness is measured with the coils displaced for 2-3 tube diameters (remote field eddycurrent technique). The tube inner diameter is measured at higher frequency with anotherpair of coils displaced for around 1 tube diameter (electrical caliper). In this paper we givea thorough analysis of the excitation frequency and the distance between the coils formeasurement of the tube inner diameter and wall thickness as a background for theapplication of pulsed eddy current (PEC). We propose application of one pair of coilsdisplaced for 1-2 tube diameters for measurement of those tube parameters employingthe features of response to the pulsed excitation. Results of our experimental workconfirm that PEC technique provides a significant improvement of present eddy currentsystems for NDT of the ferromagnetic tubes.Presented on:IMTC 2003 – Instrumentation and Measurement Technology ConferenceVail, CO, USA, May 20 – 22, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Stanko TonkovićProject No. 0036007364
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 351APPLICABILITY OF THE REMOTE-FIELD TECHNIQUE TOCONTACTLESS INVESTIGATION OF TISSUE ELECTRICALCONDUCTIVITYDarko Vasić, Vedran Bilas, Ratko MagjarevićFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn contactless measurement of tissue conductivity, a detector coil measures very weaksecondary field produced by eddy currents within the tissue, in presence of a very strongprimary field (direct coupling). A gradiometer is commonly used to reject the primary fieldand improve sensitivity to conductivity variations of the tissue. The same problem existsin nondestructive inspection of conductive tubes and it is solved by remote-field eddycurrent(RFEC) technique. The technique essentially relies on spatial decoupling of asensor from the exciter coil. The sensor placed at a certain distance senses the samelevel of secondary field, but much lower level of primary field. We have performed a finiteelementanalysis of magnetic field distribution of the exciter coil placed above the tissuewith a small region of different electrical conductivity (blood vessel). Various locations ofthe blood vessel were modeled in order to examine a relation between sensitivity ofdetection and distance from the exciter coil. Our first findings confirm the applicability ofthe principle of spatial decoupling to investigation of tissue electrical conductivity.Presented on:MEDICON 2004 - Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological EngineeringIschia, Naples, Italy, July 31 – August 5, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Stanko TonkovićProject No. 0036007365
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 352VALIDATION OF A COIL IMPEDANCE MODEL FOR SIMULTANEOUSMEASUREMENT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND INNERDIAMETER OF A CONDUCTIVE TUBEDarko Vasić 1 , Vedran Bilas 1 , Davorin Ambruš 21 Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Croatia2 Brodarski Institut d.o.o., Zagreb, CroatiaRemote-field eddy-current technique (RFEC) for nondestructive inspection of conductivetubes cannot differentiate inner from outer defects. Also, the measurement results aregreatly affected by electromagnetic properties (electrical conductivity and magneticpermeability) of the tube. Therefore, additional, independent measurement of theelectromagnetic properties as well as inner diameter is required. Commercial eddycurrentsystems successfully measure these parameters using multifrequency, multicoilconfiguration. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of the electromagnetic propertiesand inner diameter measurement with only one coil excited at one frequency. We havedeveloped an optim<strong>iz</strong>ation algorithm for determination of the tube properties, based on acoil impedance model. Measurements have been performed on several tubes made ofdifferent materials. The consistency of the model with the measurement results has beenconfirmed for investigated frequency range (1 to 50kHz).Presented on:IMTC 2004 – Instrumentation and Measurement Technology ConferenceComo, Italy, May 18 – 20, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Stanko TonkovićProject No. 0036007366
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 353A VIRTUAL ENTERPRISE MODELLING WITH THE USE OFINTELLIGENT SOFTWARE AGENTSIvica Veža, Tonći Grubić, Dražen BajićFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval ArchitectureUniversity of Split, CroatiaTrends in the last decade of the past century such as rapid development of IT technologyand market globalisation have put the customer in the centre position, dictating conditionsregarding the products/services. These conditions are: multi-variant product, higherquality of products and services, shorter lead times and, naturally lower product price.The need for implementation of new organ<strong>iz</strong>ational structures that would comply withconditions regarding the distribution and decentral<strong>iz</strong>ation has for some time been a topicof interest of many research institutions and industrial subjects. A research team workingat the University of Split is investigating new forms of co-operation, particularly the virtualenterprise approach, and tools used in its implementation and optimisation. This paperdescribes the process of modelling a virtual enterprise using the agent technology.Presented on:Virtual Engineering Applications for Design and Product DevelopmentDublin, Ireland, 3. - 5. September 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ivica VežaProject No. 0023005367
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 354NEW TRENDS OF FAIR AND EFFICIENT CHARGING OF ROADINFRASTRUCTUREVogrin, Zoran; Barić, Danijela; Radačić, ŽeljkoFaculty of Traffic Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaUntil today, the model of charging traffic infrastructure was oriented towards the return ofthe invested share and its servicing. The technical and technological progress, and theever increasing need for mobility and a number of other factors have stipulated theincrease in the traffic volume, having in turn positive and negative effects on the society.One of the most striking negative effects, especially in the downtown city areas, includescongestion which negatively affects the safety, environment, economy and generally thequality of living. It is therefore necessary to define such traffic policy which will set newmodels for the purpose of solving the given problem. The paper will analyse thepossibilities of new charging systems for the usage of the road infrastructure with the aimof reducing the external costs in traffic. The already existing charging mechanisms(models) in the world will be analysed, as well as their implementation, and the policy ofinvesting with such a charging system. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages ofsuch models regarding the traffic system will be defined.Presented on:11th International Symposium on Electronics in Traffic ISEP 2003Ljubljana, Slovenia, 9-10.10.2003.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Gordana ŠtefančićProject No. 0135004368
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 355ADAPTATION IN THE QUINCUNX WAVELET FILTER BANK WITHAPPLICATIONS IN IMAGE DENOISINGM. Vrankić, D. Seršić:Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, CroatiaIn this paper, we present the real<strong>iz</strong>ation of an adaptive shift invariant wavelet transformdefined on the quincunx grid. The wavelet transform relies on the lifting scheme whichenables us to easily introduce the adaptation by splitting the predict stage into two parts.The first part of the predict stage is fixed and guarantees the number of vanishingmoments of the wavelet filter bank while the second part can adapt to the local propertiesof the analyzed image. In this paper, we explore the robustness of the general<strong>iz</strong>ed leastsquares adaptation algorithm to the noise present in the analyzed image. The denoisingresults obtained with the nonseparable adaptive wavelet transform have been comparedwith results obtained with both separable and nonseparable fixed wavelet transforms.Also, the empirical Wiener filtering in the wavelet domain has been used in order tofurther improve the denoising results.Presented on:2004 International TICSP Workshop on Spectral Methods and Multirate SignalProcessing, (SMMSP 2004),Vienna, Austria, 11-12.9. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko JerenProject No. 0036028369
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 356IMAGE DENOISING BASED ON ADAPTIVE QUINCUNX WAVELETSM. Vrankić, D. SeršićFaculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, CroatiaIn this paper, we explore the use of nonseparable and adaptive wavelet decompositionsfor the purpose of image denoising. We apply the classical wavelet shrinkage methods onthe wavelet coefficients obtained by using the adaptive wavelet transform defined on thequincunx grid. The wavelet transform is pixel-wise adaptive in all decomposition levels.While providing more compact representation of the analyzed image, the adaptivetransform retains some useful properties of fixed transforms, such as numbers ofvanishing moments of primal and dual wavelets. The adaptive wavelet decomposition isreal<strong>iz</strong>ed using the lifting scheme. For comparison purposes, the image denoising resultsare presented for both fixed and adaptive wavelet transforms.Presented on:2004 IEEE 6th Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, (MMSP 2004),Siena, Italy, 29.9.-1.10. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko JerenProject No. 0036028370
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 357DISASSEMBLY WORKSTATION LAYOUT FOR RESIDENTIALELECTRONICS RECYCLINGVučković, Krešimir; Panić, Nenad; Opalić, MilanFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaReuse and recycling have become crucial because rapid advance in technology have ledto accelerated obsolescence of electronic equipment. Disassembly is the first stage inrecycling process. Manual disassembly has proven to be the most efficient although costeffective.Automated systems find implementation only when relatively uniform-typeequipment or assemblies are disassembled. Layout changes can enhance thedisassembly speeds by efficient material movement. New disassembly workstation layoutconcept introduces solutions for known problems in existing layouts.Presented on:The 14th international DAAAM symposiumSarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegowina, 22-25.09.2003.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Milan OpalićProject No. 0120009371
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 358PREPARING OF NEW POLYMER MATERIAL FROM DEGRADATEDPOLYMER BLENDS SAN/EPDMVugrinec, Jasminka; Kratofil, Ljerka; Hrnjak-Murgić, Zlata; Ptiček, Anita; Jelenčić,JasenkaFaculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaRecycling of post-use plastic waste is very convenient way of waste management fromeconomical and ecological viewpoint. In the early nineties the emphasis was onmechanical recycling. Today, an integral approach to plastic recycling, which includesfeedstock recycling, incineration with energy recovery and chemical recycling is favoured.1 During the applicatiom polymer material is submited to various ageing effects like UV,thermal and mechanical. Ageing effects cause degradation of polymers that is followedby formation of polymer radicals. Polymer radicals represent active end of polymerswhich easily reacts with new monomer or polymer. Such chemically bonded polymerscrap can be mixed with other polymers to form polymer blends. 2 Polymer blends ofstyrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM) wereprepared by casting from chloroform solution with the fraction of 80/20, respectively.SAN/EPDM blends were degradated at 140o C for several time intervals. The intensity ofdegradated SAN/EPDM blends was followed by IR-spectroscopy. After that sampleswere dissolved in toluene/MEK and polymer<strong>iz</strong>ed with initiator dibenzoyl-peroxide (DBP)and styrene monomer (St). Polymers such as homopolymer (SAN), graft copolymer(EPDM-g-SAN) and gel were extracted after polymer<strong>iz</strong>ation. Extractions of polymers weremade in Soxlet in solvents: SAN in mixture of acetone/methanol, graft copolymer intetrahydrofurane, while the remaining part is considered as gel. The intensity ofdegradation was proved by IR-spectroscopy. Results of extracted graft copolymer EPDMg-SANproved reaction between polymer radicals. The highest content of graft copolymeris obtained for SAN/EPDM polymer blend that was exposed to thermal degradation forthe longest time period of 90 hours.Presented on:11-th Annual POLYCHAR World Forum on Advanced MaterialsDenton , USA, 07.-10. January 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vera KovačevićProject No. 0125013372
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 359TREATMENT OF REACTIVE DYE WESTEWATERS USINGADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSESVujević, Dinko; Koprivanac, Natalija; Papić, Sanja; Lončarić Božić, Ana; Kušić,Hrvoje; Peternel, IgorFaculty of Chemical Technilogy and Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaWastestreams originated from dye manufacturing wastewaters and dyehouses presentsserious hazard to the environment due to the high content of organic matter and colourvisible even in small concentrations of dyes. Therefore this type of wastestreams cannotbe discharged into the effluents without prior treatment. Great efforts have been made toinvestigate new and efficient methods for dye decomposition and decolour<strong>iz</strong>ation ofcoloured wastestreams as well. Ideal score would be total mineral<strong>iz</strong>ation of organiccontent to CO 2 and H 2 O, which is impossible to achieve with conventional colouredwastewater treatment methods [1-6]. In this work application of advanced oxidationprocesses (AOPs) such as Fenton (Fe(II)/H 2 O 2 ), ozonation (O 3 ) and peroxone (O 3 /H 2 O 2 )processes for coloured wastestreams treatment have been studied. Water solutions ofreactive dyes C.I. Reactive Red 45 (RR45), C.I. Reactive Red 120 (RR120), C.I. ReactiveBlue 49 (RB49) and C.I. Reactive Blue 137 (RB137) have been used as modelwastewaters. The efficiency of applied AOP has been estimated on the basis of theUV/VIS spectrophotometric measurements and ecological parameters (TOC and AOX). Itwas observed that the decomposition of all studied dyes follow the pseudo-first orderreaction kinetic with the respect to the dye concentration. On the basis of ecologicalparameters it can be seen that reactive dye wastewaters after AOPs treatment can bedischarged to the effluents or reused as process water.Presented on:10th International Conference on Dyes, Pigments and Functional Dyes, Colorchem '04Špindlerov mlyn, Czech Republic, May 23-27.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Natalija KoprivanacProject No. 0125018373
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 360DAILY MIGRATIONS OF CITIZENS AS A TRANSPORT DEMANDFACTORVurdelja, Joso; Vogrin, ZoranFaculty of Traffic Engineering, University of Zagreb, CroatiaOne of the inevitable phenomena that have appeared during the overall evolution ofhumanity, i.e. human as a natural individual and social being – ; is certainly the dailymigration or movement (circulation, commuting) that makes it possible to realise thenecessities of life on the relation between the place of living and the places of primaryexistential and social needs such as work, education, supply and cultural and physicalrecreation. This phenomenon is the more emphasised as the urban environment iscovering a territorially and demographically larger area. Consequently, the social andtraffic problems in such areas are greater as direct result of the mentioned needs.Therefore, one of the imperatives of the modern interdisciplinary population science iscertainly the study of mobility of cit<strong>iz</strong>ens in a certain area, in order to find optimalsolutions of these intriguing complex social and transport problems regarding theinterdependence of the daily migrations and urban-suburban transport of the inhabitantsof a certain area, i.e. their interdependence within a unique functional unit defined byspace and time of study. This work (taking the City of Zagreb as an example) hasattempted to analyse the given problem diagnosed in Croatia, hoping at the same timethat it will contribute to accepting concrete solutions and to implementing them inpractice.Presented on:9 th INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE MOBILITA 04Bratislava ;Slovakia, 06 - 07. 05. 2004Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Gordana ŠtefančićProject No. 0135004374
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 361SINGLE-CRYSTAL STUDY OF BIOTITE-LIKEZabukovec-Logar, N.; Šiljeg, M.; Cerjan Stefanović Š.; Golobič A.; Kaučič V.Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaCrystal chemistry of biotite-like mica has been investigated by single-crystal X-raydiffraction and microprobe analysis as part of our recent structural study of zeolite-richrock samples from Donje Jesenje, Croatia. A dark-green prismatic crystal of 0.3 x 0.2 x0.05 mm 3 in s<strong>iz</strong>e with no visible inclusions was selected for room-temperature intensitydata collection on a Nonius Kappa CCD diffractometer with MnKα radiation (1186 uniquereflections, R = 5.1 %). The elemental analysis was carried out on the same crystal usingenergy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) in an analytical system TRACOR-Series II,attached to the JEOL (JXA-840A) scanning electron microscope.The compound crystallises in a monoclinic space group C 2/c with unit cell parameters a5.3578(3) Å, b = 9.2828(6) Å, c = 20.192(1) Å, and β = 95.137(3)°. The structure consistsof aluminosilicate layers that are built of SiO 4 and AlO 4 tetrahedra and intercalatedpotassium, magnesium, iron and titanium cations. The elemental analysis showed thatthere were some traces of sodium also present in the crystal, but it was neglected in thefinal structural model. The SiO 4 and AlO 4 tetrahedra that are connected through oxygenatoms form six-member rings in the layers. Potassium cations are coordinated to sixoxygen atoms from the adjacent aluminosilicate layers with a mean bond length 3.03(1)Å. Iron, magnesium and titanium cations that share two crystallographically different sitesare bonded to four oxygen atoms from the layers and to two water molecules with a meandistance 2.08(2) Å.Presented on:13 th Slovenian-Croatian Crystallographic MeetingBovec, Slovenia, 14-16 June 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Štefica Cerjan-StefanovićProject No. 0125016375
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 362CONSEQUENCES OF IMPROVED FEEDER COST MODELING INDISTRIBUTION PLANNING METHODSZmijarević, Zlatko; Krajcar, Slavko; Škrlec, DavorFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn this paper, electric distribution planning is addressed with an emphasis on detailedmodeling for purposes of optimal planning. The key issue is related to the estimation ofMV feeder investment costs using GIS data. Investigation of this matter was endorsed inorder to enhance a tool named CADDiN for long-term planning of MV open-loop and linknetworks based on genetic algorithms. In order to estimate feeder costs with reasonableaccuracy an adequate optim<strong>iz</strong>ation model must be used tightly coupled with a properdata model in the GIS. An outline of the proposed framework for modeling feeder costs ina GIS is presented in this paper followed by a description of a suitable optim<strong>iz</strong>ationtechnique. Special attention is given to applications and consequences of the improvedmodeling in regard to optimal long-term large-scale planning.Presented on:IEEE PowerTech 2003Faculty of Engineering, University of Bologna, Italy, June 23-26. 2003.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Sejid TešnjakProject No. 036046376
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 363NOISE ATTENUATION AT ELECTRIC DETONATORS TESTINGAPPARATUSZorić, Igor; Jambrošić, Kristian; Kuhinek, DaliborFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAdequate safety measures and their implementation are the essentials to the testing ofelectrical detonators. It is necessary to do everything possible in order to provideadequate safety measures in protecting human beings and equipment against dangerousimpacts during detonators' firing. Most important safety measure is carrying out theexplosion in a closed metal container. A container can be either hermetically sealed orhalf-sealed. If the container is half-sealed, people and equipment are protected againstdetonators' metal particles, but there is still an existing problem of how to protect peopleagainst the noise of explosion. Having constructed and tested a halfsealed testingapparatus, we assessed full justification for additional explosion pulse noise attenuation.Presented on:Internoise 2004.Prague, Czech Republic, 22. - 25. 08. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bojan IvančevićProject No. 0036023377
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 364OPTIMUM TILT ANGLE OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULEI. Zulim 1 , T. Betti 1 , Z. Matić 21) Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Split, Croatia2) Energy Institute “Hrvoje Požar”, Zagreb, CroatiaIn this paper optimum tilt angle of a photovoltaic module is calculated for the Split area.Calculations are based on the measured data of solar insolation (sunshine duration inhours) for period 1988-1997 and geographical data for Split. Two approaches are used:the first approach is calculation of the tilt angle for which the irradiation of the surface andconsequently produced electrical energy is maximum for specified period of time. Threetime periods are taken into account: a month, six months and a year. The secondapproach is basically an application of already developed optim<strong>iz</strong>ation method to ourspecific case. Optimum tilt angle calculated this way ensures maximum possibleuniformity of irradiation during the year and is therefore suitable for applications withnearly constant yearly load demand.Presented on:"PV in Europe - From PV Technology to Energy Solutions"Rome, Italy, 7. – 11. October 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ivan ZulimProject No. 0023004378
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 365ANALYSIS OF SURFACE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT ERRORSIN VERTICAL NATURAL CONVECTION COOLED CHANNELSZv<strong>iz</strong>dić, Davor; Grgec Bermanec, LovorkaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThis paper describes iterative methodology for calculation of surface temperaturemeasurement errors applied to symmetrically heated, vertical parallel plate channels.Heat transfer calculations within the channel (marching, control volume based, numericalprocedure) are first based on initial raw and uncorrected surface temperaturemeasurements. Those data are then util<strong>iz</strong>ed for determination of surface measurementerrors modeled with emphasis on thermocouple induced local heat sink and convectivestray looses. The new, corrected surface temperatures are then input to heat transfercalculations until satisfactory convergence. The scope of the methodology is investigatedby it’s application to surface measurement error estimation for several groups ofchannels, each group having different, but fixed height, and variable aspect ratio. Themutual influences of channel geometry and wall temperatures on surface measurementerrors at various measurement locations along the channel height are analyzed withresults presented in graphical form. It was found that close to the channel entrance errorstend to be significantly augmented due to thermo-siphon induced convective stray looses.As thermal boundary layers approach and meet, errors monotonically decrease andcease to exist in thermally saturated channel sections. It was also found that, because ofthe non-linearity, the channels with the same aspect ratio but different height, inducedifferent convective stray looses to the sensors.Presented on:TEMPERATURE-Its Measurement and Control in Science and IndustryChicago, USA, 21-24 October 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Davor Zv<strong>iz</strong>dićProject No. 0120028379
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 366EXAMPLES OF UNCERTAINLY ASESSMENT IN COMPARISONCALIBRATION OF THERMOCOUPLESZv<strong>iz</strong>dić, Davor; Tomislav, Veliki; Grgec Bermanec, LovorkaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe objective of this paper is to present the methodology for estimation of measurementuncertainties in comparison calibration of thermocouples used at Laboratory for ProcessMeasurements (LPM). The methodology is applied for comparison calibration of raremetaland industrial base-metal thermocouples within temperature range from –20°C to660°C with LPM standard/working standard platinum resistance thermometers and from600°C to 1050°C with LPM standard/working standard thermocouples.Presented on:TEMPERATUR 2003Berlin, Germany, 08-09 October 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Davor Zv<strong>iz</strong>dićProject No. 0120028380
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 367WATERHAMMER WEB SIMULATIONŽilić, T.; Essert, M.Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaWaterhammer WEB Simulation describes natural phenomenon at fluid streaming(especially in liquid) that has been suddenly stopped. Mathematical model of such nonsteadyflow is described with partial differential equations, which are insolubleanalytically. Program was written with Mideva (Octave) program language. Input datavalues (pipe geometry, flow, liquid name, valve closure time etc.) can be entered on WEBsite, where also can be seen simulation results. These results are displayed in graphicalform, as diagrams, and show pressure and velocity time changes in different points ofpipe.Presented on:13th International DAAAM Symposium, 23-26th October 2002, Vienna, Austria.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Mario EssertProject No. 0120056381
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 368DESIGNING AND CUSTOMISING NEW SCREENING ELEMENTS FORDIGITAL PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES - TOOLS FOR GRAPHICDESIGNERSIvana ŽiljakFaculty of Ggraphic Arts, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe paper is on screening techniques that are made possible by computer programmingand are carried out in digital printing. Designing graphic products in a new way is carriedout for digital printing techniques, the only ones that can provide large editionindividual<strong>iz</strong>ation. This paper also refers to new areas of a graphic designer’s activities increating the printout of his products. This means that besides creating the visual material,graphic designer has direct influence in creating the screening element. Today vector andpixel graphics are reproduced in AM or FM dot screening where in the greatest majorityof cases high resolution is used. Rare are the cases where screening and its visualpossibilities are accentuated, and the top examples are drawn elements or small pictures.The paper is proposing completely new possibilities of visual communication and specialapplications. Every pixel and vector graphics, i.e. printed material may have theirindividual screening. Screening is controlled with a very simple mathematical function thatrepresents a special configuration in it’s 2D or 3D format.The configuration may be a completely abstract one, but may also be figurative -descriptive. Thus instead of a screening dot we may create a propeller, a grain of coffeeor something abstract. The abstract may be given as a number from somebody’spersonal documents, for instance, - date of birth or house number. Each designer mayhave his own screening as a signature, each printing house may have their ownscreenings. Screenings defined with personal numbers are ideal for personalidentification documents. The most significant screening use is in the printed material’svisual message interpretation. It may be visible if the lpi is lowor "hidden" if the lpi is high -high resolution. All vector and pixel graphics configurations may be interpreted withcompletely new screening elements. We need generators of new solutions for suchprojects so the paper demonstrates the procedures for creating new screening elements.Presented on:INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVEEDUCATIONAL CONTENT MANAGEMENT AND DIGITAL PRINTINGAthens, Greece, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vilko ŽiljakProject No. 0128009382
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 369HOLOGRAPHY ON PACKAGING MATERIAL AND AN ESTIMATE ONTHE RISING TREND OF ITS APPLICATIONIvana ZiljakFaculty of Graphic Arts, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe motive for this research is the sudden interest of the producers and the growing implementationof holography in areas that are different if compared to one another. At the same time this paper is areport on the follow-up of the success in holograph application and efforts to forge them. It is ananalysis of the existing designer solutions, a comparison of their efficiency, and the relationship ofholography as a marketing element in respect to the end user. My opinion is that in modern graphicproduct protection it is necessary to develop, use and coordinate the latest design and technologicalachievements, especially holograms. Holography has the tendency to develop in the direction ofmass application with the goal being to protect both the producer and the consumer; applied on foodand pharmaceutical products, on documents, financial stamps, banknotes and all kinds of graphicproducts and products for the media. Holography is used in the control of financial flows, tax controland transactions on state level basis.Together with my co-workers I carried out the testing of various holographic foils and varioustechniques of foil application. Samples made by various world wide holographic product makerswere researched, most of all those coming from the Optaglio hologram producers, designed forprinting in various temperature areas. The application of holograms is expanding in the area ofdocuments and they are later complemented with laser print. The behaviour of various holographicfoil was observed in the temperature area ranging from 110*C to 190 *C. Cold application (selfadhesivetype) and thermal application were compared. As to the design, comparison was madebetween the continuing form design and the application with single and double registers.The paper gives an analysis of all the goods produced in our market with hologram application,determines which firms are applying holograms, which type of holograms are used, how they wereapplied. A database has been made for this work containing data on the hologram types, types ofhologram application, hologram complexity, hologram s<strong>iz</strong>e, the type of products holograms wereapplied to, holograms as a designer and marketing element, holography as the final authenticitycontrol, on hologram suppliers and hologram prices in Croatia. This is a report on the state of thesystem in Croatia with a projection of the trend of hologram application alterations and hologramdevelopment. The research gives data on hologram application in recent years and the up-to-datesituation.This paper gives the experience of hologram application and the problem of applying holograms ontransportation tickets (tram, bus, railway). The graphic industry has found itself completelyunprepared as to the technique of hologram application, so that there are cases of purchasingfinished holographic stickers, holographic paper or blank paper with printed holograms (becauseprinting works are not prepared to use technologies for good-quality application of holograms).Contemporary printing works are not equipped with special units for hologram application. They havemachines equipped for foil printing.This paper also contains measurements necessary for making financial stamps (holograms onstamps for cigarettes, alcoholic beverages). The problems linked with automatic implementation ofsuch stamps in the market are discussed. As these fall into the group of a certain kind of securities,the proposals for having the stamps returned to financial services is being discussed.Presented on:31st International research conference of Iarigai,Copenhagen, Denmark. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vilko ŽiljakProject No. 0128009383
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 370MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF INTEGRATION OF WEBSYSTEM, DIGITAL AND CONVENTIONAL PRINTINGVilko Žiljak, Klaudio Pap, Darko Agić, Ivana ŽiljakFaculty of Graphic Arts, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThis paper outlines our consideration of communication systems in the graphicproduction in reference to the appearance of web technologies. The stress is on theproblems of different formats of big files, color systems and picture compressions. Themethod of investigation is a stochastic simulation. The model includes differentinformation flow technologies and different prepress technologies. Therefore we haveconsidered conventional and digital forms in printing. We have outlined some open issuesof cohabitation of new media and printing technologies. In addition to the results ofexperimenting on the proposed models, we offer our intentions for further investigation onconsequences of appearance of integrating web systems, digital and conventionalprinting.Presented on:29th International Research Conference of IARIGAI,Lake of Lucerne, Switzerland, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vilko ŽiljakProject No. 0128009384
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P – 371PRINTING PROCESS SIMULATION BASED ON DATA FORSTANDARDS TAKEN FROM ACTUAL PRODUCTIONVilko Žiljak, Klaudio Pap, Zoran Njezic, Ivana ŽiljakFaculty of Graphic Arts, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe paper shows the created tools that enable a description of virtual printing machineswith all the belonging parameters and material necessary for the printing process. Reallifecharacteristics are built into the virtual machines and the measured time periods forindividual machines in the printing process. Thus the cost-efficiency order of eachmachine for certain types of jobs was obtained, and the digital job order system wasdetermined.The results obtained are the ones improving and raising production planning and controlon a higher level, as well as allowing additional building-in of JDF. The set goal is tocreate as many production situations as possible, archive the gained results intodatabases, aiming at getting a complete computer science description of graphicproduction units and situations.Presented on:31st International research conference of Iarigai,Copenhagen, Denmark. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vilko ŽiljakProject No. 0128009385
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.386
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.BIOTEHNIČKE ZNANOSTIP-372 → P-493387
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.388
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 372ANALYSES OF LETTUCE (Lactuca sativa L.) PRODUCTION,COMPARING CONVENTIONAL, INTEGRATED AND ORGANIC CROPMANAGEMENTDean BAN 1 , Bruno NOVAK 2 , Ivanka ŽUTIĆ 2 , Josip BOROŠIĆ 21 Institute for Agriculture and Tourism, Poreč, Craotia2 Vegetable Crop Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe goal of this research was to determine the influence of alternative systems of cropmanagement (organic and integrated) and endomycorrh<strong>iz</strong>a on vegetative growth andyield of lettuce.During 2002 two-factor trial with three repetitions and split-plot design was set up in Pula.Main factor “crop management” had three levels (organic, integrated and conventional)while the sub factor “mycorrh<strong>iz</strong>a” had two levels (lettuce seedlings inoculated withencomicorrh<strong>iz</strong>al fungus and non-inoculated seedlings). On plots assigned for organiccrop management, pea plants grown on the plots before the lettuce were mowed andused as mulch. Other plots were mulched with black polyethylene film. Lettuce seedlingswere planted with root ball; fertil<strong>iz</strong>ation and cultivation measures were performedaccording to basic principles of organic, integrated and conventional crop managementsystem.The biggest diameter of heads had lettuce from integrated crop management system(17% bigger than lettuce from organic system). Inoculated plants also had 6% biggerdiameter than non-inoculated. Marketable heads from integrated system achieved 13%bigger mass than lettuce from conventional system and 30% bigger than plants fromorganic system. The biggest yield of lettuce was achieved with integrated cropmanagement (35.51 t/ha) and it did not statistically differ from the yield from conventionalcrop management (31.05 t/ha). Both systems had significantly bigger marketable yieldcompared with organic crop management (21.65 t/ha).Presented on:6th Slovenian Conference on Plant Protection,Slovenia, 4-6.03.2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Dean BanProject No. 0147003389
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 373THE EFFECT OF L-TRYPTOPHAN AND GLUCOSINOLATESEXTRACTS ON TIN AND ALUMINIUM IN SALT SOLUTIONSKatarina Berković 1 , Ivana Radojčić 1 , Karmela Delonga 1 , Spomenka Kovač 2 , JasnaVorkapić-Furač 11) Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia2) Faculty of Food Technology, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, CroatiaL-Tryptophan is precursor of some indole glucosinolates, compounds of thioglucosidicstructure present in cruciferous vegetables. These natural compounds are components ofeveryday human diet and exert some beneficial effects on human health.Tin and aluminium are standard ambalage materials used in canned food industry. Theycan give, by interactions with some food components, other products with sometimesharmful effects on human health.Therefore, the usage of natural compounds as possible metal corrosion inhibitors gainsnowdays more attention.The aim of this study was the examination of L-tryptophan and glucosinolates extracts ontin and aluminium behaviour in 3 % solution of sodium chloride. This system was chosento investigate the corrosion process that could take place in canned vegetable productswith these compounds as ingredients, tin and aluminium being ambalage materials.The physico-chemical and corrosion parametars of tin and aluminium were determined inmodel solutions by electrochemical methods (potentiostatic polar<strong>iz</strong>ation and polar<strong>iz</strong>ationresistance method.The results obtained by both methods indicated that L-tryptophan as well asglucosinolates extracts acted as corrosion inhibitors of tin and aluminium.The inhibition efficiency values were higher for both metals in L-tryptophan solutionscompared to values in glucosinolates extracts. Also, the inhibition efficiency values werehigher in more diluted solutions.Presented on:9 th European Nutrition ConferenceRome, Italy, 01.-04. October, 2003.Principal Investgator : Dr.sc. Jasna Vorkapić FuračProject No. 0058024390
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 374FIRST RESULTS FROM Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. HALF SIBPROGENY TESTS IN CROATIASaša Bogdan, Davorin Kajba, Ida Katičić-TrupčevićFaculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, CroatiaNarrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) is one of the most valuable forest species inCroatia, both economically and ecologically. Pannonean lowland area along rivers Drava,Danube and Sava as well as submediteranean region along rivers Mirna (Istria), Zrmanja,Krka, Cetina and Neretva (Dalmatia) is natural range of the species distribution in Croatia. Inmentioned regions narrowed-leaved ash occupies sites with various environmental conditionsdue to local climate differences and soil types (specially soil moisture regimes).According to Anić (1996, 1997) narrow-laved ash in central Croatia (Pannonean valley)occupies three main groups of sites: the lowest microdepresions in which ash is the mainforest species, higher microdepresions and lower microelevations where ash is a member ofpedunculate oak forests and finally, higher microelevations where ash is a member ofpedunculate oak and hornbeam forests. These sites occur in mosaics and could be refered as'Selective Neighbourhood Environments (SENs) (Eriksson and Ekberg 2001).Species genetic variability is its main 'survival weapon' in changeable environment. Thereforeknowledge about species genetic variability and its conservation should be one of the mostimportant goals in sustainable forestry. The goal of this investigation is to increase knowledgeabout narrow-leaved ash genetic variability in part of its distribution range in Croatia.The investigation was conducted as follows; In autumn 1999th the seed were collected from75 trees from 8 natural populations along river Sava. Collected seed represents sample fromdifferent site conditions. Half-sib families were grown in nursery for two years. In spring 2002.three half-sib progeny test were established at sites that represent three main groups ofnatural narrow-leaved ash sites in Croatia: 1) Test 'Novska' , 2) Test 'Nova Kapela' and 3)Test 'Otok'Tests were planted according to random<strong>iz</strong>ed block design with five replications. Half-sibfamilies were represented as six tree plots per replications planted in spacing 2.0 x 2.0 m. Inspring 2003. after one growing season diameters at 5 cm above ground level (D) and heights(H) of all plants were measured. Flushing were examined weekly between 10. 4. and 22. 5.2003. on every plant in two replications in tests 'Novska' and 'Otok' using a 6 points scale.Statistical analysis were done using SAS software package. GLM procedure was used foranalysis of variance to study the among- and within-population variation of the traits mentionedabove. Variance components were calculated by VARCOMP procedure (REML method).The investigation led to following results; Although the plants are only three years old and stillvery sensitive to weed, rodents and game, survival rates, at the end of the first growing seasonin the field, are quite good. Results show there is no statistically significant differencesbetween populations, except for bud burst in the test 'Otok'. In contrast, families weresignificant source of variability for all investigated traits in both tests. Presented results indicatethere is no genetic differentiation between populations originated from various SENs, butwithin-population variation is significant.Presented on: FORUM GENETIK – WALD – FORSTWIRTSCHAFT 2004Results of genetic trials and laboratory studies and their applications in practical forestryTeisendorf, Germany, 20. – 22. September 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Davorin KajbaProject No. 0068102391
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 375INFLUENCE OF MULCHING AND TOP DRESSING ON THE GROWTHAND YIELD OF BELL PEPPER AT KARST FIELDJosip BOROŠIĆ 1 , Davor ROMIĆ 1 , Milan POLJAK 1 , Dean BAN 21 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Croatia2 Institute for Agriculture and Tourism, Poreč, CroatiaApplication of mulching films and fertirrigation constitutes a significant advancement inthe field pepper production. Influence of mulching films (black, white, brown and silver PEfilms, control-without mulching) and application three topdressing rates of liquid N-P2O5-K2O (7, 5, 9 %, respectively) fertil<strong>iz</strong>er in the growing season of the bell pepper (cv.Bianca F1) was investigated in the Vrana field in Croatia. The two-year trial was set upaccording to the split-plot method with three replications. Depending on the mulch typeand trial year, the mean decade soil temperatures in May and June, at a depth of 5 cm,were by 1,0-3,7 ºC higher under mulch than soil temperatures of unmulched soil. In bothtrial years, application of black film resulted in the highest plants: 21% and 26% higherfour weeks after planting, 15% and 91% higher after seven weeks after planting, and 12%and 9% higher in the autumn than plants grown without mulching. In comparison with thesoil that was not mulched and depending on the trial year, 70% and 139%, respectively,more set fruits were recorded on black film, 81% and 109% more on brown film, 16% and79% more on silver film, but 5% less in one year and 53% more fruits in the other year onwhite film. Compared to pepper growing without mulching, apllication of all tipes of filmsresulted in yields of marketable fruits that were by 7% to 24% higher in 1997, and 22% to34% higher in 1988. In comparison with topdressing with 140 kg ha –1 N, a 7% to 20%lower yield (in both years, respectively) was recorded for topdressing with a 50% lowerfertil<strong>iz</strong>er rate and 4% lower and 14% higher yield (in both years, respectively) fortopdressing with a 50% higher fertil<strong>iz</strong>er rate.Presented on:26. International Horticultural Congress,Toronto, Canada, 11.-17.08.2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Dean BanProject No. 0147003392
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 376GENETIC DIFFERENCE OF SOME SHEEP BREEDS IN THEREPUBLIC OF CROATIAMartina Bradić, Vesna Pavić, B. MiočThe Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn the Republic of Croatia about 20 sheep breeds have been bred, out of which a halfbelongs to the group of original breeds. During a history, our original breeds were undervarious influences of foreign breeds, particularly Merino sheep from neighbouringcountries. The influence of Merino was particularly significant during the 18th and 19thcentury and after the World War II. In the areas close to the Adriatic coast and on someislands, various sheep populations have been bred today. They have been defined asseparate breeds on the exterior and they were produced in a similar way: by improvingthe autochthonous, local Pramenka with Merino rams. Today, the right question is thegenetic difference of these populations. This project should instigate the integration ofanimals of a certain breed which have a good base of molecular-genetic information andthe preservation of endangered breeds which have very small populations and whereeach individual is important for the further survival of the breed. Therefore, the aim of thisresearch was to determine differences between Cigaja, Krk and Dubrovnik sheep, bycertain molecular genetic analyses. The genome DNA was isolated from 10 bloodsamples of each breed and its regions were then multiplied by PCR method, usingspecific molecular markers (OarCp49 i OarAE119). PCR products were analysed onSpredex gels EL 600, by which differences between individuals of certain breeds weredetermined. As expected, this preliminary research proved that there was not a bigdifference between Krk and Dubrovnik sheep breeds which confirms the obtained geneticdistance by Nei, which is only 0.064 between them, while these two breeds are quitedifferent from the Cigaj breed which inhabits the area of the continental Croatia unlikeDubrovnik and Krk oneswhich inhabit littoral regions and South Dalmatia. The final conclusion of existingdifferences between the mentioned breeds will be brought after analysing sequences bya gene analyzer ABI 310.Presented on:EAAP 200354th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Animal ProductionRome, Italy, 31 August- 3 September2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Boro MiočProject No. 0178065393
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 377GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ORIGINAL PIG BREED IN CROATIAMartina Bradić, Marija Uremović; Z. Uremović; M. Konjačić; T.SafnerThe Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe number of original pig breeds and their genetic diversity has been decreasing duringa long period of selection and by the increase of very similar breeds. The Croatian BlackSlavonian breed, which dates from the 19th century, also belongs to this group. Up untilthe middle of the last century it was the dominant pig breed in Croatia. Today, there isjust a small number of this breed remaining (about 400 sows) in the extensive conditionof productions. Therefore, the aim of the current paper was to determine the geneticprofile and variability of this breed. In order to ascertain the genetic diversity betweenindividuals 8 microsatellite loci were chosen from the FAO recommended list of 50polimorfic loci. Microsatellite loci were analysed on Spredex gels EL 400, by which thedifference between individuals was determined. The population genetic parametars wereevaluated on the basis of 42 individuals from 6 husbandries. As expected, this researchsuggests that there was not a significant difference between individuals, thus confirmingthat individual differentiation (F=0.216), Nei’ s (1987) unbiased gene diversity (Hz=0.44),and the clustering based on the genetic distances between individuals, did not fall intodifferent clusters. These results can be explained by the small s<strong>iz</strong>e of the population andextensive breeding with a limited number of boars.Presented on:EAAP 2004, 55th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Animal ProductionBled, Slovenia, 5 - 9 September 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Boro MiočProject No. 0178065394
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 378STRUCTURE OF NEMATODE COMMUNITIES IN NINE TYPES OFECOSYSTEMSBrmež, M.; Ivezić, M.; Raspudić, E.Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek, CroatiaNematode communities were analyzed in nine ecosystems: winter wheat in crop rotation– standard tillage; winter wheat in crop rotation – reduced tillage; corn in monoculture;sugar beat; potato – chemical plant protection; potato – integrated plant protection;alfalfa; grassland; poplar forest. Sampling was done in 1997 and 1998, in spring andautumn, on the depth of 15-20 cm. Nematode communities were analyzed to genuslevel. Greatest number of nematodes and number of genera were 2843 nematodes/100 gof soil in alfalfa treatment, and 30 genera in poplar treatment. Lowest was in row crops(216 and 12 genera in sugar beat). Analyzes of nematode trophic structure showedgreatest abundance of bacterial feeders and plant parasitic nematodes in all treatments,and lowest abundance of omnivorous nematodes and predators. The greatest abundanceof predators was determined in poplar forest. Positive correlation between quantity ofhumus and total number of nematodes was determined and negative correlation betweenamount of K 2 0 and number of genera. Statistically very significant differences occurredbetween treatments in analyzing MI, PPI and PPI/MI and showed the most disturbednematode communities in row crops, the less disturbed in poplar forest, grassland andalfalfa; and intermediate group was wheat with reduced and standard tillagePresented on:Fourth Internacionalni Congres of NematologyTenerife, Canary Islands, 8-13 June 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija IvezićProject No. 0079024395
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 379ANTROPOGENIC INFLUENCE ON NEMATODE COMMUNITIES INECOSYSTEMSBrmež, M.; Ivezić, M.; Raspudić, E.Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek, CroatiaNematode communities were used as bioindicators of changes in agroecosystemscaused by antropogenic factors. The aim was to determine 1. effect of mechanicaldisturbances; 2. effect of chemical disturbances; 3. combined disturbances mechanical +chemical; 4. differences between the treatments with and without any anthropogenicinfluences. Research was conducted in the year 2000 and 2001, on the area of Osijekand Kneževo. The sampling was done before and after any disturbances caused byanthropogenic factor. The treatments include nematode communities under wheat andcorn with differences in tillage regimes: standard and “no tillage». Poplar treatment wasone without human impact. Total number of nematodes, number of genera, MI, PPI,PPI/MI as well as trophic structure in treatments showed the most disturbed nematodecommunities in treatments with mechanical and in those with mechanical + chemicaldisturbances. Chemical disturbances affected nematode communities less, while thepoplar treatment was the least disturbed. Effect of mechanical and chemical disturbanceshowed differences in occurrence of some genera. Aphelenchoides was very sensitive tomechanical disturbance, while Mesodorylaimus showed tolerance. Tolerance to chemicaldisturbance showed following genera: Tylencholaimellus, Mylonchulus, Clarkus andAphelenchoides. Genuses Cephalobus, Eucephalobus, Acrobeloides,Metateratocephalus and Plectus showed tolerance to both, mechanical and chemicaldisturbances. In all examined treatments 5 trophic goups occured. Bacterial feedingnematode and plant parasitic nematodes were most abundant, followed by fungivorousnematodes. Omnivorous nematodes and predators were present in small percentage.MI, PPI and PPI/MI, did distinguished the impact of antropogenic disturbances onnematode communities, evendo not always with stitistical significant differences.Presented on:XXVII ESN International SymposiumRome, Italy, 14-18 June 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija IvezićProject No. 0079024396
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 380NEMATODE COMMUNITIES STRUCTURE IN DIFFERENTAGRICULTURAL CROPSBrmež, M., Ivezić, M., Raspudić, E.Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek, CroatiaNematodes were used as bioindicators of agroecosystem conditions, due to theircharacteristics and possibilities of classification on different criteria. The aim of the studywas to see how differnces between crops and tillage treatments can influence nematodecommunities in nine types of agroecosystems: I. winter wheat in crop rotation – standardtillage; II.winter wheat in crop rotation – reduced tillage; III. potato – chemical plantprotection; IV. potato – integrated plant protection; V. alfalfa; VI. grassland; VII. poplarforest; VIII. corn in monoculture; IX. sugar beat. Sampling was done in 1997 and 1998year, in spring and autumn period, on the depth of 15-20 cm. Nematode communitieswere analyzed to genus level. The parametars measured were total number ofnematodes, number of genera trophic structure, Maturity index (MI), Plant parasitic index(PPI) and PPI/MI. Total number of nematodes and number of genera were highest intreatments with low human impact (2843 nematodes in alfalfa treatment, and 30 generain poplar treatment), and lowest in row crops (216 nematodes and 12 genera in sugarbeat). Analyze of nematode trophic structure showed greatest abundance of bacterialfeeders and phytoparasitic nematodes in all treatments, and lowest abundance ofomnivorous nematodes and predators. The greatest abundance of predators wasdetermined in poplar forest. Positive correlation between % humus and total number ofnematodes was determined and negative correlation between amount of K 2 0 and numberof genera. Statistically very significant differences occurred between treatments inanalyzing MI, PPI and PPI/MI. In generally, the most disturbed nematode communitieswere in row crops (sugar beat, corn in monoculture and potato with chemical andintegrated protection); the less disturbed in poplar forest, grassland and alfalfa; andintermediate group was wheat with reduced and standard tillage. These results showpossibilities of using nematodes as bioindicators of process in soil ecosystems.Presented on:Ninth International Helminthological SymposiumStara Lesna, High Tatras, Slovak Republic, 9-13 June, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija IvezićProject No. 0079024397
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 381TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF EXTRUDED FLIPSM.Brnčić, B.Tripalo, D.JežekFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaExtrusion cooking is a modern high-temperature short-time process which is increasinglygaining ground in the food and chemical industries. This kind of process offers moreadvantages than other types of cooking processes like faster processing times, significantreduction in consumed energy which consequently, result in lower price of final product.Extrusion cooking is primarily applied in grain processing and in the dairy, bakery, pasta,beverage, confectionery, flat breads and pet food.Using extrusion cooking, product of specific physical and chemical properties is obtained.Final product characteristics have to satisfied consumers needs and habits. The mostcommon process in the extruder during manufacturing of foods are gelatin<strong>iz</strong>ing,dissolving and crystall<strong>iz</strong>ing, denatur<strong>iz</strong>ing, texturing, roasting, reacting, mixing, shapingand expanding.In this work one of the important characteristic of extrudates, mechanical hardness, whichis the main texture parameter, was investigated. Texture quality has influence on tastesensory evaluation, but also helps with consumer’s acceptability of product. The mostoften characteristics which have great influence on consumer’s acceptability of productare crispness, rubbery, elasticity, hardness and softness.Extrudates type flips were produced in Twin-screw co-rotating extruder type APV BakerMPF 50:15.Specimen mechanical properties were measured by means of compression testing,based on the concept of nominal stress. Compression load measurements of extrudates(type flips) were carried out with the universal testing machine MESSPHYSIK BETA 50-5and for this purpose, special constructed grips with three different diameters depend onextrudates s<strong>iz</strong>e. Experimental data were graphically and statistically analyzed by analysisof variance.Mechanical hardness of direct expanded product (type of flips) is in great extentinfluenced by processing parameters. Following inputs were defined: incoming of rawmaterial (wheat flour) from 18,22 to 44,40 kg/h, water injection from 0,31-5,82 L/h, screwspeed from 132 to 318 rpm and extrusion temperature 120˚C, 145˚C and 170˚C.Determining of mechanical hardness of extrudates has shown that the best results wereobtained for the product where following operating variables were applied: 31,31 kg/hincoming of raw material, water addition of 0,31 L/h, screw speed 225 rpm and extrusiontemperature 145˚C.Presented on:Central European Congress on Food – CE FOODBudapest, Hungary, April 26-28, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007398
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 382INFLUENCE OF CHOCOLATE POWDER ADDITION ON AMECHANICAL HARDNESS OF FOOD EXTRUDATES TYPE FLIPSM.Brnčić 1 , B.Tripalo 1 , D.Ježek, D.Semenski 2 , N.Drvar 21) Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia2) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb,CroatiaExtrusion cooking is a modern and sofisticated high temperature-short time (HTST)processing technology. In food and fed industry, the products of extrusion cooking are ofmajor importance today. Especially in human food as: breakfast cereals, baby foods,textured proteins, confectionery, biscuits, snacks and flips, as much as animal feed likedog, cat, fish, shrimp and industrial products like modified starches, caseinates andflavours as well.In this work mechanical hardness of extrudates type flips, with and without chocolatepowder, under the same manufacturing conditions was determined, as one of theimportant parameter for texture determining. Flips were manufactured in a twin-screwextruder (APV-Baker 50:15). Manufacturing conditions in extruder were: temperature ofexpansion was 145°C, rpm for screws were 132, 225 and 318, water addition was from0,31 L/h to 5,82 L/h; feed of raw material (wheat fluor) was from 18,22 kg/h to 44,40 kg/h.Following physical properties of extrudates, with and without chocolate powder additionwere determined: speed, force, and move toward testing machine (Messphysik Beta 50-5). The relationship of the force toward measure instrument, and extrudate move wasshowed, on the basis of this experiment.The best results of mechanical hardness for both type of extrudates were achieved underfollowing manufacturing conditions: 31,30 kg/h, 0,31 L/h, 225 rpm. Mechanical hardnessfor flips without chocolate powder addition was 0,114-0,162 N/mm 2 , and for flips withaddition of chocolate powder was 0,139-0,235 N/mm 2 . The obtained results demonstratethat extrudates with addition of chocolate powder were harder due to a fact that chocolatepowder has a property of cell walls hardening and ability of nonevaporated water binding.Presented on:ECCE – 4th European Congress of Chemical EngineeringGranada, Spain, September 21-25, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007399
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 383ANALYSIS OF HIGHLY PURIFIED INTER-ALPHA INHIBITORPROTEINS FROM HUMAN PLASMA BY USE OF SELDI-TOFTECHNOLOGYM.K. Brown; Y-P. Lim; M. Ručević; M. Kim; D. Hixon; D. JosićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaInter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IaIp) are a family of structurally related serine proteaseinhibitors (serpins) found in relatively high concentrations in human plasma. The majorforms found in human plasma are inter-alpha inhibitor (IaI), which consists of two heavychains (H1 & H1) and a single light chain (bikunin), and pre alpha inhibitor (PaI), whichconsists of one heavy (H3) and one light chain.Recently, the involvement of IaIp in sepsis has become an area of intensive investigation.We found markedly decreased plasma levels of IaIp in septic patients compared tohealthy controls. Furthermore, the concomitant increase of IaIp-related fragments in uinesuggest that these proteins are “consumed” and rapidly cleared from the systemiccirculation during sepsis. This offers a therapeutic rationale for replacement of IaIp duringsepsis.Using a combination of several chromatographic methods, both members of IaIp family(IaIp and PaI) were isolated from human plasma in highly purity and biologically activeforms. The highly purified IaIp preparation was effective in reducing mortality in theexperimental animal model. For character<strong>iz</strong>ation of the isolated proteins and identificationof the main contaminant during purification we used SELDI-TOF technique.After separation by SDS-PAGE, polypeptide bands with apparent molecular weights of 80kDa, 125 kDa, and 25 kDa were cut out from the gel, reduced, akylated, and digested bytrypsin. After extraction, the peptides were spotted to a hydrophobic and SEDN-ID chipand analyzed by mass spectrometry.To our surprise, the 80 kDa band was identified as heavy chain H3 precursor. Anotherplasma protein, clotting factor X, which was identified in this band by Western blot andmeasurement of clotting activity seems to be only a minor component in the fraction. Inthe 125 kDa band containing PaI not only heavy chain H3, but also heavy chains H1, H2and recently described heavy chain H4 together with bikunin were detected. The 250 kDaband contains only two heavy chains H1 and H2 together with the light chain, bikunin.Heavy chains H3 and H4 were not detected in this band.Current efforts are focused on further biochemical and clinical investigation of thesepreparation as an effective strategy for reducing the severe complications of sepsis inhumans.Presented on:ISPPP, 24 th International Symphosium on the Separation of Proteins , Peptides andPolynucleotidesAachen, Germany, 19-22 October 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007400
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 384PREPARATION OF HIGHLY PURIFIED INTER-ALPHA INHIBITORPROTEINS FROM HUMAN PLASMA AND THEIR ANALYSIS BY USEOF SELDI-TOF TECHNOLOGYM.K. Brown; Y-P. Lim; M. Ručević; M. Kim; D. Hixon; D. JosićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaInter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IaIp) are a family of structurally related serine proteaseinhibitors (serpins) found in relatively high concentrations in human plasma. The majorforms found in human plasma are inter-alpha inhibitor (IaI), which consists of two heavychains (H1 and H2) and a single light chain (bikunin), and pre-alpha inhibitor (PaI), whichconsists of one heavy (H3) and one light chain. Polypeptide chains in IaI and PaI arecovalently linked with a chondroitin sulphate chain. Recently, the involvement of IaIp insepsis become an area of intensive investigation.Using a combination of several chromatographic methods, both members of IaIp familywere isolated from human plasma in high purity and biological active forms. Forcharacter<strong>iz</strong>ation of isolated proteins and identification of the main contaminant duringpurification SELDI-TOF technique was used.After separation by SDS-PAGE, polypeptide bands with apparent molecular weights of 80kDa, 125 and 250 kDA were cut out from the gel and digested by trypsin. The trypticpeptides were spotted to a hydrophobic chip and analyzed by mass spectrometry.The main impurity during purification, a polypeptide with apparent molecular weight of 80kDa, was identified as heavy chain H3 precursor. Another plasma protein, clotting factorX, which was identified in this band by Western blot and measurement of clotting activityseems to be only a minor component in the fraction. In the 125 kDa band containing PaI,the light chain bikunin and heavy chain H3 were detected. The presence of other heavychains H1, H2 and recently described heavy chain H4 could not be conclusivelyidentified. The 250 kDa band contains two heavy chains H1 and H2 together with bikunin.Once again, the presence of heavy chain H4 was detected, but could not be conclusivelyidentified. The advantages and limits of the applied method for rapid protein identificationwere discussed.Presented on:COBRE CCRD RESEARCH SYMPHOSIUMProvidence, USA, June 25, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007401
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 385PHASE BEHAVIOR OF SURFACTANT-POLYMER MIXTURES INRELATION TO POLYMER CHARGEBujan, M.; Vinceković, M.; Tomašić, V.Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe phase behavior of dodecylammonium chloride (DDACl) and differently chargedcarrageenans (CAR) was examined at 303K by conductometry, potentiometry, surfacetension, static light scattering, and microelectrophoretic measurements. The complexinteractions between DDACl and CAR (starting at very low concentration) areaccompanied by the formation of single and coexisting phases, differently structuredsolublepolymer-surfactant monomer complexes, surfactant micelles, polymer-micellecomplexes, solid crystalline, and gel phases. The multistep mechanism of DDACl andCAR interactions was discussed in terms of successive electrostatic, hydrophobic, andintra- and interpolymer interactions. It was shown how the increase of carrageenanscharge density (the three main forms of carrageenans differ in the number of sulfategroups per disaccharide; k-CAR has one, i-CAR has two, and l-CAR has three,respectively) leads to a wide variation insurfactant monomers adsorption to polymer chains and phase separation properties. Theincrease of CAR charge density improved the degree of ordering in various carrageenansurfactantspecies.Presented on:17 ECIS Conference (Conference European Colloid and Interface Society)Firenze, Italy, 21.- 26. September 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija BujanProject No. 0178030.402
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 386EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT AND GIBBERELLIC ACID (GA 3 ) ONEARLINESS AND YIELD OF GLOBE ARTICHOKESBućan, L.; Dumičić, G.; Goreta, S.Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, CroatiaArtichoke production in Croatia is concentrated on islands and in coastal area with mainharvest in spring time. The aim of this paper was to research the influence of differentconcentration of gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) on earliness and yield of cv. Imperial Star.Research was conducted during two years on island (Jelsa, 42 o 59`N, 16 o 41`E) andcoastal area (Opuzen, 42 o 50`N, 17 o 33`E). In both years planting was done on 28September in Jelsa and 20 September in Opuzen. GA 3 in concentrations 0, 12.5, 25, 50,75 and 100 ppm were applied on plants with 12 developed leaves. Growth of the flowerstalk,early and total yield, average weight of primary and all heads were evaluated duringexperiment.Elongation of flower-stalk was influenced by GA 3 application, on both locations and duringboth years the highest stalks were noted with application of 75 ppm GA 3 . Besides theGA 3 application, a year and location had an influence on the harvest beginning. Greaterearly yield was real<strong>iz</strong>ed with GA 3 treatment above 50 ppm, although the differences werenot significant in all combinations. The total yield was from 9.6 t/ha to 18.2 t/ha. Higheryield was achieved in Jelsa but application of GA 3 had no influence. The average weightof primary and of all heads was varied depending on location and year of growth, but itwas not affected by GA 3 . Although the influence of GA 3 on growth and early yield wassuitable, the effect of environment was more significant.Presented on:V th Intrnational congress on artichokeTudela-Navara, Spain, 5.-8. May 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Slavko PericaProject No. 0091001403
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 387COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL AND MODERN METHODS OFMACERATION OF THE RED-GRAPE VARIETY OF BABIĆ (VITISVINIFERA, L.)Budić-Leto I.; 1 Lovrić, T. 2 ; Pezo I. 11) Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, Croatia2) Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaPolyphenols are significant parameters of red wine; their content is under critical impactof maceration as the basic process during which polyphenols turn into wine from solidgrape parts. Therefore the maceration process, with monitoring of polyphenolconcentration and simultaneous control of temperature and sugar, is very important inred-wine production. Thus, our research aimed to explore impacts of conditions(temperature, duration, cap-punching method) on the polyphenol extraction dynamicsduring maceration of the autochthonous Dalmatian red-grape variety of Babić. Thegrapes for the research were from the Primošten vine-growing location in North Dalmatia.Wine was made by traditional maceration under minivinification and by the modernmethod in a vinificator at the Vinoplod Winery of Šibenik. Under the traditional method,the alcohol fermentation took 144 hours, while maceration lasted for 312 hours. Themodern wine-production method is usually made in a vertical rotational vinificator untilcomplete fermentation of sugar. Dynamics of extraction of anthocyanins, low- and highmolecularproanthocyanidins and total phenols were monitored during maceration.Spectrophotometric methods of polyphenol analysis with prior solid-phase extraction ofcompounds were used. The findings indicate that flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidinswere constantly on the rise.Anthocyanins reached the highest concentration at the 44 thhour in modern maceration (concentration rise of 220%), while in traditional macerationthe maximum concentration was reached after 120 hours (concentration rise of 241%).Low-molecular proanthocyanidin concentration in modern maceration was 402-1313 mgL -1 , while that of high-molecular proanthocyanidins was 589-2235 mgL -1 . The highestconcentration of low- and high-molecular proanthocyanidins was reached at the 68 th hourof modern maceration, which corresponds to the 168 th hour of traditional maceration.Presented on:XXVIII th World Congress of Vine and WineVienna, Austria, 4.-9. July 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Slavko PericaProject No. 0091001404
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 388DIETARY HABITS AND RISK BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTSI. Colić Barić, R. Kajfež, S. Cvjetić, G. Kenñel, Z. Šatalić.Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAdolescents are part of population on which dietary habits are made for life, and can beinfluenced by outside effects like smoking and alcohol consumption. The aim of this studywas to determinate dietary habits and nutritional status in random sample of 342adolescents from Croatia and their cigarette smoking habits and alcohol consumption.Completely quantified method (FFQ) was used for identifying dietary intake. Additionalquestions were about cigarette smoking and alcohol intake in adolescents and theirparents. Those, who reported having smoked at least one cigarette per week during thelast month, were considered smoker, and those who reported having at least onealcoholic drink per one week during the last month were considered as alcohol consumer.Alcohol intake and cigarette smoking significant differed to gender (p
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 389DAIRY CALCIUM IN CROATIAN DAILY DIET ACCORDING TO AGEI. Colić Barić, I. Kesner-Koren, Z. Giljević, Z. Šatalić, S. Mahnet.Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn Croatia in 400 000 women osteopenia and in 200 000 osteoporosis is detected. Low calciumintake is associated with risk for osteoporosis. It is difficult to meet calcium needs without asource of milk in the diet and it is advisable that 60 % of Recommended Dietary Allowance(RDA) for calcium is dairy calcium. The aim of this study was to determine daily intake of dairycalcium in 1220 subjects aged 8-80 years. Specially designed Food Frequency Questionnaire(FFQ) was used. Intakes were expressed in absolute amount and in relation to RDA andDietary Reference Intake (DRI). In average, children and adolescents had dairy calcium intakeover 60 % RDA. Obviously during the life time intake of dairy calcium decreased.Presented on:26th IDF World Dairy Congress.Paris, France, September 24-27, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Irena Colić-BarićProject No. 0058028406
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 390NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF MEALS IN NURSING HOMES AND MEALSON WHEELS FOR ELDERLY PERSONSI. Colić Barić, Z. ŠatalićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaObjective The aim of the study was to evaluate the adequacy of meals provided forelderly residents and non-residents of nursing homes. Study design Menus of 44 all-daymeals provided for residents from 4 nursing homes and 34 meals on wheels provided fornon-residents of low socioeconomic status were selected by random sampling. MethodsNutritive value of meals was calculated using food composition tables. A questionnairewas used to determine socioeconomic status and attitude of residents (n=89) and nonresidents(n=80) regarding meals offered. Body weight and body height were selfreported.Results An average energy value of all-day meals and meals on wheels was96.7 and 39.8% RDA respectively. All-day meals provide adequate amounts of examinedmicronutrients (phosphorus, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C) withexception of calcium. Fat provides 35.2 and 35.5% of energy for all-day meals and mealson wheels respectively. Cereal products and foods the group meat, fish and eggs groupare the most important energy sources in both all-day meals and meals on wheels. Thirtyfour point three percent of non-residents reported to have no income and for 57.8% mealon wheels is the only meal they have. Body mass index (BMI) under 18.5 kg/m 2 had 1.7and 4.0% of residents and non-residents respectively. BMI higher than 24.9 kg/m 2 wasobserved in 50.1 and 47.3% of residents and non-residents respectively. Genderdifferences were seen regarding wished interventions in meals offered in both residentsand non-residents. A higher percent of residents than non-residents find the mealsoffered satisfying. Conclusion Examined meals provide adequate amounts of energy andselected micronutrients. The correction would be to decrease the energy fraction of fatand decrease in protein content.Presented on:International Conference, Poverty, Food & Health in Welfare,Lisbon, Portugal. July 1-4 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Irena Colić-BarićProject No. 0058028407
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 391DIFFERENCE IN BREAKFAST CONSUMPTION IN CHILDREN FROMTHE ADRIATIC AND THE CONTINENTAL CROATIAN AREASI. Colić Barić, Z. Šatalić, R. Kajfež, V. Mihatov.Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe aim of the study was to compare breakfast consumption between two Croatian areas. Thesubjects were children from Zagreb (continental area) (n = 548) and two towns situated on theAdriatic coast (n = 364). The mean age was 10.3 years. A special quantified Food FrequencyQuestionnaire (FFQ) was used.The energy intake was significantly higher in the Adriatic than in the continental area (2602.2vs. 2033.8 kJ; p < 0.001). More adequate energy fractions of macronutrients were observed inchildren from the Adriatic area. A significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed for fat,carbohydrate, cholesterol and dietary fiber intake.Intakes of vitamins D, E, C, B1, B2, B6, folate, niacin and minerals calcium, phosphorus,magnesium, iron and zinc were calculated. Intakes (% DRI) of all examined vitamins andminerals were higher on average in the Adriatic than in the continental area.Milk is, on average, consumed more often in the Adriatic than in the continental area (4.5 vs.3.7 times per week). Fruit or fruit juice is consumed in a higher percent of children from thecontinental (49.3 %) than the Adriatic area (29.9 %). Breakfast cereals are not commonbreakfast foods in both living areas (70.1 and 57.3 % of children from the Adriatic and thecontinental area respectively reported that never consume breakfast cereals).This study showed some significant differences in breakfast consumption between childrenfrom the Adriatic and the continental Croatian areas. Children from the Adriatic area had moreadequate breakfasts.Presented on:9 th European Nutrition ConferenceRome, Italy October 1-4, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Irena Colić-BarićProject No. 0058028408
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 392DIETARY HABITS AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) AMONG WOMANWITH LOW BONE MINERAL DENSITYI. Colić Barić, Z. Šatalić, Z. Giljević, F. Škreb.Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe aim of the study was to compare dietary habits and nutrient intakes with regard toBMI in women with low BMD. Methods: Subjects (n=234) were patients with osteoporosisor osteopenia from two hospitals in Zagreb (Croatian capital). Mean age was 63.8 years.Dietary assessment methods used were completely quantified Food FrequencyQuestionnaire (FFQ) containing foods high in calcium, and 24-h-recall. BMI wascalculated using data from patient's medical records. Dietary habits and nutrient intakeswere compared in groups having BMI higher i.e. lower than 25 kg/m 2 . Results: AverageBMI was 26.6 ± 4.14 kg/m 2 (mean ± SD). BMI higher than 25 kg/m 2 had 61.1% subjectsand BMI higher than 30 kg/m 2 had 23.5% subjects. Significantly higher number ofbreakfasts per week was observed in subjects with BMI higher than 25 kg/m 2 . Energyintake (24-h-recall) was significantly higher in subjects with BMI lower than 25 kg/m 2 .Calcium intake did not differ significantly with regard to BMI and was in average higher insubjects with BMI higher than 25 kg/m 2 . There was no significant correlation of BMI andenergy intake (24-h-recall). Conclusions: This study showed high incidence of overweightand obesity in women with low BMD. When subjects divided in groups having BMI higheri.e. lower than 25 kg/m 2 , some differences in dietary habits and nutrient intakes wereobserved.Presented on:13th European Congres on Obesity,Prague, Czech Republic, 26-29 May 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Irena Colić-BarićProject No. 0058028409
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 393DOES PATIENT'S KNOWLEDGE ABOUT OSTEOPOROSIS HASINFLUENCE ON CALCIUM INTAKE?I. Colić Barić, Z. Šatalić, Z. Giljević, F. Škreb, I. Koren KesnerFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe aim of the study was to determine if calcium intake in patients with osteoporosis andosteopenia is influenced by the patient’s knowledge about the disease. Resultspresented are those thus far collected from an ongoing survey about dietary and otherbehavior in women with lower bone density.Subjects were 197 women with an average age of 62.9 years. Specially designedquantified Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and additional questionnaire fordemographic data were used.When asked in what period of life they consumed the highest quantity of milk and dairyproducts, the highest percent of subjects (27.8%) answered after the age of 50 years,but age negatively correlated with calcium intake although not significantly. Years ofeducation did not significantly correlated with calcium intake. Subjects that knew therecommended calcium intake in average had higher calcium intake (1369.6 mg) thanthose who did not (929.2 mg) and had significantly higher (p = 0.01) supplementalcalcium intake than those who did not know the recommended calcium intake. Nosignificant difference in calcium intake was observed when considered if osteoporosiswas reported in family anamnesis. The period of time from diagnosis did not correlatedwith calcium intake. Significant correlation (p < 0.01) was observed for calcium intakeand number of correct answers to questions about osteoporosis and on food checklistwhere task was to recogn<strong>iz</strong>e good calcium sources.This study showed that a patient’s knowledge about osteoporosis is important inachieving adequate calcium intake.Presented on:9 th European Nutrition ConferenceRome, Italy. October 1-4, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Irena Colić-BarićProject No. 0058028410
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 394SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AND DAIRY PRODUCT INTAKE INWOMAN WITH LOW BONE MINERAL DENSITY (BMD)I. Colić Barić, Z. Šatalić, Z. Giljević, F. Škreb, Z. Krišto, I. Keser.Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaEpidemiological and clinical evidence indicate that adequate calcium intake decreasesthe risk and progress of metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteopenia.Milk and dairy products are the most important calcium sources and it is almostimpossible to achieve adequate calcium intake when dairy products are eliminated fromthe diet.The aim of the study was to determine if socioeconomic factors are connected withconsumption of dairy products in Croatian women with low BMD. Subjects (n=320) werepatients with osteoporosis and osteopenia from two hospitals in Zagreb, Croatian capital.Mean age was 63.4 ± 8.73 (mean ± SD).The survey was conducted in the form of a personal interview with trained interviewers inhospitals where patient came for regular physician’s examination. The questionnaireprovided socioeconomic information and data regarding consumption of dairy foods.On average, subjects consumed milk and dairy products 9.8 times per week, i.e. morethan once per day. 12.5% of subjects reported that they do not consume milk, 9.3% donot consume yoghurt and similar fermented dairy products, and 3.1% do not consumecheese. 31.9% of subjects consumed milk and dairy products in the highest quantity afterthe age of 50 years. No significant difference was observed for consumption frequency ofmilk and dairy products in those who live alone when compared with those who live withtheir families. Years of education and also percentage of family income spent on food didnot correlate significantly with consumption frequency of milk and dairy products.Negative, but not significant (r=-0.14) correlation was observed for percentage of fat inmilk reported as the most often consumed and years of education.Presented on:2nd Central European Congress on Food,Budapest, Hungary, 26-28 April 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Irena Colić-BarićProject No. 0058028411
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 395PREVALENCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN WILD SWINE (Sus scrofa) INTHE REPUBLIC OF CROATIACvetnić, Željko; Tončić, Josip; Špičić, Silvio; Lojkić, Mirko; Terzić, Svjetlana;Jemeršić, Lorena; Humski, Andrea; Ocepek, Metod; Krt, BraneForest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, CroatiaDuring 2001 and 2002 on seven localities in Croatia a survey on the prevalence ofbrucellosis in wild swine was carried out. For serological analysis Rose Begal test, slowagglutination test, complement fixation test and indirect enzyme immunoassay wereused. The results of PCR using BR-UP and BRU-LOW preimers confirmed that all of theisolates were from Brucella spp. On the basis of investigations it was concluded that inCroatia wild swine are natural reservoirs of Brucella suis biovar 2, representing in thisway a permanent and potential source of brucellosis for domestic and wild animals.Presented on:Brucellosis 2003 International Research Conference including the 56th BrucellosisResearch ConferencePamplona, Spain, 15-17.09.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Joso GračanProject No. 0024001412
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 396ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES IN SELECTED VEGETABLEAND FRUIT SAMPLES FROM ZAGREB OPEN MARKET AND THEIRCYTOTOXIC EFFECTS ON BHK (Baby Hamster Kidney) 21 C13CELLSČabran, Manuela; Kmetič, Ivana; Šimić, Branimir; Gaurina Srček, Višnja; Jeličić,Andrea; Kniewald, JasnaFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaSelected vegetable (carrott, parsley root and leaf, leek root and leaf, tomato) and fruit(apple peel and core, strawberry, banana, kiwi, pear peel and core) samples from theopen market of Zagreb were analysed on the possible presence of organochlorineinsecticides. By gas chromatographic analysis the presence of lindane, aldrin, heptachlorand alpha, beta, delta-HCH were detected. The concentrations found in the testedsamples were around 2 to 10 times lower than the permitted levels according to theoffical Croatian regulations. In order to reduce number of animals in performing the riskassessment from different chemicals present in the trace concentrations in food, differentprimary cells or commercial cell lines are introduced for toxicity assays. In the presentinvestigation the toxicity of lindane, aldrin and heptachlor were determined in BHK 21C13 (Baby Hamster Kidney) cell line. Following parameters were examined: cell viabilityand number of cells measured by trypane-blue exclusion method in Fuchs-Rosenthalheamocytometer and lyzosomal activity measured by neutral red method. BHK21 C13cell line was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (CCL 10). The cellswere maintained in Glasgow BHK 21 medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serumin an athmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO 2 at 37°C. The initial cell concentration was 2-2.3x10 5 cells/mL/well on the 24-multiwell plates, and cells were seeded 24 hours beforethe addition of toxicant (lindane, aldrin and heptachlor). Lindane and heptachlor wereadded in the concentrations of 5 to 100 µg/mL/well, aldrin from 2 to 40 µg/mL/well and thecytotoxicity was determined after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The IC 20 , IC 50 and IC 80 valueswere detected after 72 hours from the slope of % inhibition vs. log dose values. Theincreasing concentrations within one toxicant resulted in the increasing cytotoxic effect ofthe tested compounds in the rate as followed: aldrin>lindane>heptachlor.Presented on:CEFood Congress (1 st Central European Congress on Food and Nutrition & 2 nd SlovenianCongress on Food and Nutrition)Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 22 - 25, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jasna KniewaldProject No.0058010413
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 397APPLICATION OF CONDUCTIVE POLYMER COMPOSITE SENSORSON HONEY ODOUR AND BOTANIC PROFILINGČačić, F.; Kenjerić, D..Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaHoney odour and botanic profile are determined by classical analytycal methods andpollen analysis, which are time consuming. Possible application od novel instrumentalmethod, Electric nose, based on conductive composite sensors are beeing assesed asnew or complemental method to classical ones.Presented on:4 th International Conference of PhD Students,Miskolc, Hungary, 11-17.08. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003414
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 398SUNFLOWER STEM PARASITES AND HYBRIDS SUSCEPTIBILITYĆosić 1 , J.; Jurković 1 , D.; Vrandečić 1 , K.; Duvnjak 2 , T1)Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, Croatia2 )The Agricultural Institute, Osijek, CroatiaSunflower is one of the major crops in Croatia. It is used not only for production of edibleoil, but it presents also a valuable component of animal feed. Different diseases,especially stem parasites are the most important problem in sunflower production.Principal sunflower stem parasites in Croatia are Phoma macdonaldi Boerema,Diaporthe/Phomopsis helianthi Munt.-Cvet et al, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Baryand Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. Losses due to diseases differ according tocultivar, soil and climatic conditions and applied control measures. The objective of thisstudy was to estimate susceptibility of sunflower cultivars in climatic conditions of EasternCroatia. In order to evaluate susceptibility of different hybrids to principal stem diseaseagents, field trials were conducted on 20 hybrids in 1997, 17 in 1998, 13 in 1999, 20 in2000 and 24 hybrids in 2001. In the first three years, sunflower was sown in two sowingdates (early in mid April, late in early May). Fungicide treatments (vinclozoline +carbendazim, Konker 1.5 l/ha) were applied by the plan: R 1 -R 2 stages only, R 1 -R 2 +R 5.8stages (Schneiter and Miller, 1981) and control was done without fungicide treatments.First survey was done mainly to detect Sclerotinia wilt (S. sclerotiorum), while secondsurvey included detection of all diseases. Disease attack in the second survey wasranged 0 – 5 (0= healthy, symptomless plants; 5= completely dried or lodged stems,small empty heads). For each hybrid, 4 replicates of 10 plants were examined. Diseaseindex was calculated out of collected data (Mc Kinney, 1923). During a five-year-longperiod, the most dominant sunflower stem disease agents in Eastern Croatia werePhomopsis helianthi, Phoma macdonaldi and S. sclerotiorum and, in dry and hot years,Macrophomina phaseolina. All hybrids were more or less attacked, but infection intensitydepended on hybrid tolerance and environmental influence. Relationship betweensowing dates and disease intensity could not be confirmed. Fungicide application had apositive effect on parasite control. Double applications were even more effective.Awareness of differences in susceptibility to diseases among hybrids enables us tochoose more tolerant cultivars for growing in climatic conditions of Eastern Croatia.Presented on:VIII ESA Congress: European Agriculture in a Global ContextCopenhagen, Denmark, 11 – 15 July 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Draženka JurkovićProject No. 0079010Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija VratarićProject No. 0073005415
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 399GLUCOSINOLATE PATTERNS OF FIELD AND IN VITRO GROWNHORSERADISH (ARMORACIA LAPATHIFOLIA L.) PLANTS ANDTUMOUR TISSUEDelonga, K.; Krsnik Rasol, M.; Mrkić, V.; Dragović-Uzelac, V.; Vorkapić-Furač, J.Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe composition and distribution of glucosinolates (GSL) were studied in different plantorgans (roots, leaves) of field grow horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia L.) plants and invitro grown horseradish plants and tumour teratoma tissue.The HPLC analysis showed that GSL pattern and their concentrations varied amongthese three differently grown samples. The predominant GSL in field grown horseradishwas sinigrin. The sinigrin concentration declined in in vitro grown horseradish plant.The most significant differences in GSL content were evident in horseradish tumourtissue, where sinigrin was present in traces, while the levels of indole GSL weresignificantly increased. The present findings clearly indicate that the enhancement ofindole GSL levels is due to genetic manipulation.Presented on:EUROFOODCHEM XI, Biologically-active Phytochemicals in Food: Analysis, Metabolism,Bioavailability and FunctionNorwich Research Park, Norwich, UK, 26-28 September 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007416
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 400HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS OF GLUCOSINOLATES FROM WHITECABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L. VAR CAPITATA) ANDCAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERACEA L. VAR BOTRYTIS)ANALYZED BY HPLC AND GC/MSDelonga, K.; Šmit, Z.; Mrkić, V.; Dragović-Uzelac, V.; Vorkapić-Furač, J.Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn this study the determination of glucosinolates (GSL) in cabbage and cauliflower, aswell as their autolysis and hydrolysis products obtained by exogenous enzymemyrosinase was performed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-LC) followed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).The analysis data of autolysis and hydrolysis products (pH 7.0) obtained by HPLC (DADand FL detection) and GC/MC confirmed that their relationship depends on GSLprecursors and conditions of their enzymatic degradation (auotolysis and hydrolysis).An examination of the indole GSL degradation products showed the presence of four toseven different compounds. Three of them were identified as indole-3-carbinol (I3C),indole-3-acetonitrile (I3CN) and 3,3'-diindolylmethane.Presented on:EUROFOODCHEM XI, Biologically-active Phytochemicals in Food: Analysis, Metabolism,Bioavailability and FunctionNorwich Research Park, Norwich, UK, 26-28 September 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007417
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 401GROWTH OF PROBIOTIC BACTERIA IN RECONSTITUTED WHEYDrgalić Ida, Tratnik Ljubica, Božanić RajkaFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology,University of Zagreb, CroatiaWhey is nutritive very valuable byproduct in the cheese industry, which is unfortunatelystill not used enough in food industry. The whey contains proteins of the highestbiological value, affluent mineral content and B group of vitamins. Considering nutritivevalue and health benefits of whey, the purpose of this research was to explore thepossibilities of using whey as a fermented drink. The first step was to determine thegrowth of probiotic strains Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Bifidobacterium bifidum Bb-12and Lactobacillus casei Lc-01 in reconstituted sweet whey with 6 % of total solids at 37°C. The effect of prebiotic inulin addition on fermentation and bacteria survival during 28days of storage at approximately 5 °C was also investigated. Low heat pasteur<strong>iz</strong>ation, at63 °/ 30 minutes, showed unsatisfactory results therefore for further researchpasteur<strong>iz</strong>ation at 74 °C / instantly was applied. Generally, increase of viable cells of allinvestigated strains of bacteria during 24 hours of fermentation was small, in average onelogarithmic unit. During fermentation, inulin addition had no effect on bacterial growth andon sensory properties of fermented whey. Sensory scores of all fermented beverageswere the best after 18 hours of fermentation. The lowest sensory score had wheyfermented with Bifidobacterium bifidum Bb-12 strain because unacceptable flavor andtaste. Whey fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 or Lactobacillus casei Lc-01strain showed satisfactory sensory characteristic.Presented on:Milk & Dairy products, Europian Dairy Congress 03Portorož, Slovenia, 15. – 18. 11. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ljubica TratnikProject No. 0058005418
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 402PRODUCTION OF PROBIOTIC SOFT CHEESE MADE FROM GOAT’SMILKI. Drgalić, Lj. Tratnik, R. BožanićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn this paper the probiotic soft cheese was produced from goat’s milk with ABT-4 starterculture (Chr. Hansen’s). Goat’s milk is proven as easier to digest, due to smaller milk fatglobules, higher albumine content and smaller caseine content compared to cow’s. Sincegoat’s milk differs in technological properties from cow’s milk it was necessary to developproduction technology that would provide soft cheese with good sensory quality. Goat’smilk gives gentle curd therefore it was necessary to add rennet to get firmer coagulum.Two types of cheeses were produced, full fat cheese from milk with 3,2% milk fat, andlow fat cheese from milk with 1,0% milk fat. Both cheese types were produced by thesame technology. Firstly, the fat content in the milk was standardised, then milk waspasteurised on 65°C/30 min., inoculated with 2% of ABT-4 culture and with differentpercentage of rennet, incubated on 40°C/7.5 hours, drained over night and than packedand stored at 8°C. Cheese without added rennet was produced as a control sample. Thesensory scores and bacterial count were determined after 1 st , 7 th and 14 th day of storage.The best sensory scores were given to the low fat cheese produced with 0.01% of rennet(maximum score). All cheese types had high grades and spoilage was not detected after14 days of storage. The viable count showed that the product has more than 10 6 CFU/mlduring 14 days of storage. In the overall bacterial microflora Streptococcus thermophilusaccounts about 38%, Lactobacillus acidophilus around 28% and Bifidobacterium bifidum34%.Presented on:IDF Symposium on Cheese: Ripening, Character<strong>iz</strong>ation and TechnologyPrague, Czech Republic, 21. - 25. March, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Ljubica TratnikProject No. 0058005419
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 403INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIMUTAGENIC EFFECT OFCRUCIFERAE VEGETABLES ON BACTERIAL TEST SYSTEMS ANDHUMAN CELL LINESDurgo K. 1 ; M. Osmak 2 ; V. Garaj-Vrhovac 3 ; J. Franekić Čolić 11Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb, Croatia2Laboratory for Genotoxic Agents, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia3 Unit of Mutagenesis, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb,CroatiaGlucosinolates are a group of compounds widely distributed among the plants of theCruciferae family. These compounds are easily hydrolysed by the enzyme mirosinasewhich becomes activated after mechanical destruction of the plant cells.Isothhiocyanates, nitriles, thiocyanates and indole compounds are the most commonproducts of such hydrolysis. In our previous report we have shown that there was nocytrotoxic and mutagenic effect of indole-3-carbinol and cauliflower extract on twobacterial test systems, Salmonella typhimurium, strains TA987 and TA100. In this workwe have examined potential inhibitory effect of both compounds against two standardmutagens , 2-aminoanthracene and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide. It was estimated thatsimultaneous treatment of bacterial cells with mutagen and indole compounds leads to asignificant inhibition of prototrofic growth.Indole compounds didn’t inhibit the activity of P-glycoprotein in parental laryngealcarcinoma cells (HEp2) and their cisplatin resistant subline (CK 2 ). Indole compoundscaused significant increase of glutathione level and gutathione-S-transferase activity inHEp2 cells. On the contrary, in CK 2 cells which have increased basal level of glutathione,both drugs decreased the level of glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase activity.Indole-3-carbinol and cauliflower extract didn’t cause any abberant event in humanlymphocytes..Presented on:32 nd annual meeting of European Environmental Mutagen Society,Warsaw, Poland, 3 - 07 September 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jasna Franekić-ČolićProject No. 0058013420
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 404OCCURENCE AND INTENSITY OF MORE IMPORTANT FUNGALDISEASES ON SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) CULTIVARSDuvnjak, T.; Vratarić, M.; Sudarić, A.; Ćosić, J.The Agricultural Institute, Osijek, CroatiaThe main objective of this study was to determinate the occurrence and intensity of attackby the more important fungal diseases on soybean in Eastern Croatia. A 4-yearinvestigation (1998-2001) was undertaken on 10 domestic soybean cultivars with differentlevel of disease resistance. The investigation was set in two planting date (optimum anddelayed) at experimental fields of the Agricultural Institute Osijek. Some importantdiseases were established: downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica), pod and stemblight (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. sojae), and stem canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var.caulivora). Significant differences in disease incidence were caused by genetic diversityof tested materials as well as different climatic conditions among growing seasons.According to planting date, a significantly higher incidence of downy mildew and pod andstem blight was observed in plants planted on the optimum date.Presented on:Disease Resistance in plant pathology. 6 th Conference of European Foundationfor Plant Pathology,Prague, Czech Republic, 8-14 September 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija VratarićProject No. 0073005421
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 405VITAMINS – FOOD OR DRUGSJelena ðugum 2 , Tomislav Babić 1 , Duška Ćurić 21) Cedevita, d.o.o., Zagreb, Croatia2) Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaQuestion what is food and what is medicinal products have been defined throughlegislation; thus categories of food and medicinal products have been clearly separatedby EU regulation. Harmon<strong>iz</strong>ation and implementation of EU legislation in countriespreparing for European integration have also been expected. Food supplementsdefinition also contributes to the elucidation of the position of vitamins and their use innutrition (diet). The new EU Directive relating to food supplements containing vitaminswas issued and the subsequent application in the Member States expected.Upper safe levels of vitamins established by scientific risk assessment based ongenerally accepted scientific data should be taken into account. Based on upper safelevels data no adverse effects have been associated with excess vitamins intake (evenintake exceed several times) from food and supplements in most segments of thepopulation.Addition of nutrients (vitamins) to food and food supplements can undoubtedly improvethe nutritional status and health of those segments of the population that are vulnerableand susceptible to deficiencies. Generally accepted recommended daily allowances ofvitamins in EU and USA as the representatives of the most developed markets andregulatory do not comply. The product containing exceeding levels of vitamins (3 RDA ormore) actually represents medical product implying the detailed documentation ofbioavailability concerning active substance from pharmaceutical formulation, as well asdocumentation of acute and chronic toxicity.All known vitamins have been clinically tested and can be used for preventing, treating orcuring purpose.Presented on:9th European Nutrition ConferenceRoma, Italy, 1.-4. October 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007422
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 406FUNCTIONAL ROLE OF S-LAYER PROTEINS IN PROBIOTIC STRAINLactobacillus acidophilus M92J. Frece, B. Kos, J. ŠuškovićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaS-layer proteins form a crystalline layer around the cells of several Lactobacillus species,and it has been proposed that these proteins are involved in cell protection, adherence,and surface recognition, which are important characteristics for probiotic strains. Thesurface proteins of probiotic strain L. acidophilus M92 were examined for the presence ofS-layer, and as a standard strain was used L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 which possessedS-protein of 43 kD. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of cell surface proteins revealed the presence of potential surface layer (S-layer)proteins, approximated at 45 kDa in L. acidophilus M92. Southern blot with pBK1 plasmidcontaining slpA gene gave a positive signal, suggesting that L. acidophilus M92 has anslpA gene coding for the S-layer proteins. S-layer proteins of this strain are presentduring all phases of growth. The S-layer reappeared when treated cells were allowed togrow again. Removal of the S-layer proteins reduced adhesion of L. acidophilus M92 tomouse ileal epithelial cells. Furthermore, the viability of cells without S-layer was reducedin simulated gastric juice at low pH range (2, 2·5, 3) and simulated pancreatic juice withbile salts (1·5 g l -1 and 3 g l -1 ). S-layer proteins of L. acidophilus M92 were resistant topepsin and pancreatin, in contrast, the treatment with proteinase K led to a significantproteolysis of the S-layer proteins. These results demonstrated functional role of S-layer;it is responsible for adhesiveness of Lactobacillus acidophilus M92 to mouse ilealepithelial cells and has a protective role for this strain.Presented on:3 rd International Probiotic Conference "New Perspective of Probiotics"Košice, Slovakia, 15. – 19. September 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jagoda ŠuškovićProject No. 0058009423
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 407APPLICATION OF NATURAL GROWTH PROMOTING FACTOR ONTHE ANIMAL CELL BIOMASS PRODUCTION SUITABLE FORVACCINE MANUFACTUREV. Gaurina Srček 1 , S. Čajavec 2 , D. Sladić 3 , Z. Kniewald 11 Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia2 Veterina Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia3 PLIVA Inc., Zagreb, CroatiaMammalian cells, amongst others baby hamster kidney cells (BHK 21) have been widelyused in biotechnological production of therapeutics and vaccines for veterinary use. Dueto relatively low cell densities and short production phase, product yields in mammaliancell cultures are typically low which is undesirable for production purposes. Improvementsin cell culture production systems are related to better medium design and processcontrol.Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) causes natural infection in swine. Vaccination againstAujeszky's disease is carried out to limit the economic damage caused by mortality,growth retardation and reproductive failures in infected animals. For this purpose,vaccines based on attenuated live virus and on inactivated virus are produced.In this work BHK 21 C13 cells were used for biomass production and infected biomasswith ADV for vaccine production. In order to produce vaccine against Aujeszky's disease(AD) one-fold and manifold processes of biomass util<strong>iz</strong>ation were compared.Presented on:11 th European Congress on BiotechnologyBasel, Switzerland, 24. - 29. August 2003.Principal investigator : Dr.sc. Zlatko KniewaldProject No. 0058001424
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 408CHANGES OF RED CLOVER VARIABILITY UNDER UPLANDCONDITIONS REVEALED BY MORPHOLOGICAL AND RAPDMARKERSGrljušić Sonja 1 , Bolarić Snježana 2 , Popović S. 1 , Tucak Marijana 1 , Čupić T. 1 ,Kozumplik V. 21) Agricultural Institute, Osijek, Croatia2) Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAssessment of genetic variability, its partitioning among and within populations and itschanges under selection are of concern to plant breeders. Either natural or artificialselection is expected to change gene frequencies in the population under selectionpressure. This study was conducted to compare three red clover cultivars(Reichersberger (A), K-17 (SCG), and Croatia (HR)) and their reselections, whichsurvived three years growing in an upland region. The relationship within and betweencultivars and reselections was explored. Morphological traits and RAPD markers wereused to estimate the variability and changes of variability after natural selection.The field trial, RCBD with three replications and 200 spaced plants per plot was carriedout, at a lowland location. The method used to describe cultivars and reselectionsmorphologically mostly complied with the US protocol of Plant Variety Protection Officefor red clover variety description. Types of stem habit, growth type of crown, stem hair,and leaf mark were recorded on each plant. To quantify distance based on morphologicalcharacters, type for single plant was marked as 1 and other types of particular characterwere assigned as 0. Thirty-seven of the oligonucleotide primers were screened. Four ofthem, with clear, consistent, and highly polymorphic amplified products were used toassay 20 randomly selected plants from each cultivar and reselection. Data wereanalysed by SAS 6.12, Arlequin 1.1 and NTSYS-pc software.The proportions of stem hair types were different for all cultivars/reselectionsinvestigated. A total of 92 RAPD polymorphic markers were scored. The number ofmarkers per PCR reaction varied from 0 to 17 ranging in s<strong>iz</strong>e from 300 to 2500 bp for allindividuals investigated. There was considerable variation within each cultivar andreselection. The genetic distance between cultivars and reselections based onmorphological data ranged from 0,09 to 0,32. Estimated Roger’s distance betweencultivars and reselections ranged from 0,24 to 0,30. The correlation between matriceswas significant at p=0,05. The study has shown that extent of the variability and directionsof changes under natural selection were genetically determined. However, furtheranalysis and confirmation of changes are currently underway.Presented on:Joint Conference of the 39th North American Alfalfa Improvement Conference and the18th Trifolium ConferenceQuebec City, Canada, July 18-21, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Svetislav PopovićProject No. 0073007425
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 409PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF Frangula alnus (Rhamnaceae) IN SEEUROPEHampe, Arndt; Petit, Remy; Ballian, Dalibor; Slade, Danko; Stoyanov, SForest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, CroatiaBalkan populations of many European woody plants show high levels of genetic diversityboth within and among them. This is due in part to the region's history as an importantglacial refuge area, as well as to its location in a position where populations expandingfrom other refugia in Italy and Anatolia meet and mix. The present study aims toreconstruct the phylogeography of the shrub Frangula alnus Miller (Rhamnaceae) in theregion and its surroundings based on chloroplast DNA RFLP analyses. Although we cannot exclude that local populations may have survived the last glacial maximum in situ,results suggest that the area has probably been colon<strong>iz</strong>ed from Italy and the SE extremeof Europe and/or Anatolia, because populations contain a mixture of haplotypes fromboth regions. The observed high diversity seems therefore to be primarily a result ofpopulation admixtures during the species northward expansion in the early Holocene.Presented on:Third International Balkan Botanical Congress, "Plant Resources in the Creation of NewValues"Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegowina, 18-24.05.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Joso GračanProject No. 0024001426
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 410NEW TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS IN THINNINGOPERATIONS OF LOWLAND FORESTSHorvat, Dubravko; Šušnjar, Marijan; Tomašić, ŽeljkoFaculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe transportation of so-called smallwood, which is produced in thinnings of natural regenerated oakforest in eastern lowland part of Croatia, is very significant because of large amount of timberassortments (approximately about 50 % of total annual felling), ecological sensitivity and economicefficiency.Application of forest machines in thinnings has been started at the begining of 70s of last centurywith tractor assemblies: adapted farming tractor and forest semi-trailer. The first tractor assembly ofthat kind was so-called "Pionir" which was equipped with mechanical crane and forest winch.Ecological issues demanded winching of processed assortments (logs) from stand (place ofprocessing of logs) to the one of parallel strip roads (75 m distance between parallel strip roads).Such organ<strong>iz</strong>ation of work was very hard to perform due to technical disadvantages of tractorassembly "Pionir". Tractor assemblies were moved through stand damaging forest soil and disturbedecological features of stand as well as stand economic aspects. There were no significantimprovement with better oppening of forest with 37,5 m distance between parallel strip roadsAt the begining of 90s of last century, intensive searching for optimal tractor assembly has beenstarted. The next solution was parallel work of "Pionir" and adapted farming tractor equipped withcrane and grapple which collected timber assortments in the stand and skidded assortments to thestrip road. From ecological and primarly from economic point of view (two machines for one workand great time consumption for loading and unloading with unsuitable mechanical crane) thatorgan<strong>iz</strong>ation of work didn`t exist for a long time.After that, following tractors assemblies were used:1. Farming tractor Torpedo 55A, semi-trailer Moheda 6t and hydraulic crane FMV 230 withhydraulic winch on the crane (1993.)2. Thinning skidder with semi-trailer and hydraulic crane instead forest winch (1996.)3. Farming tractor Steyr 860, semi-trailer Kronos 6t and hydraulic crane Kronos 250 with hydraulicwinch on the crane (1997.)4. Farming tractor Steyr 8090 with narrow track, semi-trailer Igland Swingtrac 480 and hydrauliccrane Igland 43-65 without winch (2003.)Based on experiencies with application of mentioned tractor assemblies, some reccomendations forbasic technical characteristics of tractor assemblies were suggested, such as:− loading capacity of semi-trailer 6 t− engine power of tractor about 60 kW− lifting capacity (netto) of hydraulic crane > 40 kNm− the same track width of tractor and semi-trailer < 1,7 m− total length of tractor assembly < 9 m− clearance > 300 mm− double-drum winch with line pull > 50 kN− decreasing of turning radius with articulated shaft or swinging bogie wheelsIn the year 2004., a new tractor assembly is produced which is consist of: silvicultural tractor Steyr8090 with narow track, double-drum winch Igland 6002 Pronto TL, hydraulic crane Igland 43-65,semitrailer Metalac S-6 with loading capacity of 6 t.Presented on: International scientific conference "Forest engineering: New techniques, technologiesand the enviroment",Lviv, Ukraina, 5-10 October 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Dubravko HorvatProject No. 0068112427
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 411CHANGES IN POTATO AFTER DIFFERENT THERMAL PROCESSESMirjana Hruškar, Marina Krpan, Ksenija Marković, Domagoj Matković, Nada VahčićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaUndesirable thermal processes or storage conditions lead to physical and chemicalquality loss of every food. The objective of this study was to determine the total solidcontent, starch, reducing sugars, nitrates and nitrites in raw and thermal processed redand white potato samples purchased from different geographic origin in Croatia. Thepotatoes were processed with and without the skin and cooking processes were carriedout in classic way, in the pressure cooker and in the microwave oven. Standard methodsof analysis for above-mentioned parameters were used. The results showed nosignificant influence (P < 0.05) of the geographic origin on investigated parameters in rawsamples (except for nitrates), but there were significant differences (P < 0.05) incomposition between the kinds of samples (red and white). Thus, samples of white potatohad higher total solids, starch and reducing sugars content than red potato samples,while red potatoes had higher nitrites and nitrates content. Thermal treatment showedthat the total solid content is higher in potatoes processed with skin then those processedwithout the skin. The starch content in both kinds of potatoes increased after thermalprocesses if potato was processed without skin. The content of reducing sugars was thehighest in samples of raw potato.The nitrites and nitrates content were decreasing during thermal treatments. Thermalprocessing (classic way, under pressure or with microwaves) and the manner on whichthe potatoes were cooked (with or without skin) significantly influenced on all investigatedparameters especially in red potatoes samples.Presented on:Chemical reactions in food VPrague, Czech Republic, September 29. – October 01., 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Nada VahčićProject No. 0058018428
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 412CORELATION BETWEEN WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM DAMAGEAND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY CORN ROOTSIvezić, M.; Tollefson, J.J.; Raspudić, E.; Brmež, M.Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, CroatiaSince Western Corn Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) occurred in Croatia(1995), it becomes very severe pest of corn which can cause economic losses. In the lastfew years, in the county of Eastern Slavonia and Baranya, lot of cornfields had greatpercentage of lodged plants. Our investigation was based on evaluation of corn toleranceagainst WCR. Measuring of the root s<strong>iz</strong>e and its weighting are one of the mainparameters for evaluation of the hybrid tolerance. Plant with better developed secondaryroots is able to give high yields even after WCR larvae feeding. The aim of thisinvestigation was to evaluate the development of the secondary roots after WCR larvalfeeding. The trials were done in USA (Iowa) and in Croatia (Gunja and Osijek) duringthree years (2001, 2002, and 2003). Nine Croatian (Institute of Agriculture, Osijek) andtwo Pioneer Hi-Bred Int. Inc. (Johnston, Iowa, USA) commercial corn hybrids wereevaluated by using random<strong>iz</strong>ed complete block design with four replications. Secondaryroots were evaluated by visual scale 1-6 (1 means the best and 6 is the worst), andevaluation was also measured by weighing (g) the root regrowth at Iowa plots. Strongpositive correlations were determined between weighting the roots in grams and visualscale, in Iowa, during all three years of investigations. Average regrow of the secondaryroots between the two weightings (two weeks), were 12, 06 g. The best hybrids were:OSSK 644, OSSK 596R, OSSK 617 and OSSK 602. Those hybrids were the mosttolerant in investigation.The results showed that visual scale is good for root regrowthevaluation and it can replace the evaluation by weighting roots which means less ofhuman work.Presented on:IWGO 10 Diabrotica subgroup meeting9th EPPO ad hoc Panel and FAO Network Group MeetingEngelberg, Switzerland, 14 -16 January 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija IvezićProject No. 0079024429
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 413THE HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT GLUTENIN SUBUNITS (HMW) OFOS WHEAT CULTIVARS CROP 2000. IN RELATION TO BREAD-MAKING QUALITYZorica Jurkovic, Daniela Horvat, Rezica Sudar, Dinko Pavlinic, Gordana ŠimicAgricultural Institute Osijek, CroatiaThe High molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits are very important for bread-makingquality of wheat. The aim of this investigation was to estimate HMW glutenin subunitscomposition in OS winter wheat cultivars and their contribution to bread-making quality(BMQ) by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. In this paper 10 OS winter wheat cultivars andCroatian improver standard Divana, crop 2000, were investigated. The indirect qualityparameters (protein content, sedimentation value, wet gluten and gluten index),rheological properties of dough (farinographic and extensographic parameters) andbaking test were measured. In the investigated wheat cultivars the most frequent HMWglutenin subunits were at Glu-A1 locus N, at Glu-B1 7+9 and at Glu-D1 2+12. Glu-1quality scores were ranged from 5 to 9. The significant positive correlation between Glu-D1 locus and sedimentation value, farinograph quality number, extensograph energy ofdough and appearance of bread (h/d) was found. There was a weak positive correlationbetween Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 loci and the majority of quality parameters of wheat flour.The significant positive linear correlation between Glu-1 quality score and extensographicparameters and appearance of bread (h/d) was noticed.Presented on:ICC Conference 2002, Bread Quality and Food SafetyBudapest, Hungary, 26. - 29. May 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Zorica JurkovićProject No. 0073009Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Alojzije LalićProject No. 0073002430
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 414HEAT TRANSFER OF DIFFERENT PARTICLE SIZE OF FOODPRODUCTS IN GAS FLUIDIZED BEDSD.Ježek, B.Tripalo, M. BrnčićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb, CroatiaThe obtained results present a significant contribution to the description of functioning ofan immersed heat exchanger element.In this process the drying time at lower temperatures is shorter, the product quality ishigher and the rehydratation time is shorter as well.This paper comprises a research work on celeriae and potatoes dried in a fluid<strong>iz</strong>ed bed.First the aerodynamic properties of a fluid<strong>iz</strong>ing bed in motion were experimentallyinvestigated and then the particles were dried at given temperatures in different timeintervals and at an air flow rate ranging from 0.30 m/s to 4.93 m/s.Two columns of different dimensions were used: a cylindrical column (d= 0.10 m and h=1.0 m) and a square column (a= 0.09m, b=0.18 m and h=0.83m).Working parameters were:1. Particle dimensions (blanched): 5x5x5 mm and 5x5x10 mm2. Particle mass: 0.200 kg, 0.300 kg and 0.400 kg3. Drying temperature 40°C, 50°C and 60°CBased on the experimental results as well as on the theoretical data, the results of thepressure drop, in relation to the bed height and hot air flow rate, were obtained, as wellas in relation to Reynolds, Archimedes and Froude numbers, fluid<strong>iz</strong>ation number, dryingtime, drying rate, and to the relative and total humidity of drying.The best results of celeriae drying were obtained with the following dimensions ofceleriae: 5x5x5 mm, 200 g, in a cylindrical column at 60°C and at the maximum air flowrate of 4.3 m/s.The best results of potato drying were achieved with the potato dimensions of: 5x5x5mm, 200 g, in a cylindrical column at 60°C and at the maximum air flow rate of 4.86 m/s.Presented on:Compact Heat Exchangers and Enhancement Technology For The Process Industries.Fodele, Crete, Greece, September 29 – October 3, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007431
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 415INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT PROCESS PARAMETERS ONVEGETABLES DRYING IN GAS FLUIDIZED BEDSDamir Ježek, Branko Tripalo, Mladen BrnčićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe obtained results present a different process parameters for drying in air fluid<strong>iz</strong>edbeds and also a significant contribution of an immersed heat exchanger element.In this process the drying time at lower temperatures is shorter, the product quality ishigher and the rehydratation time is shorter as well.This paper comprises a research work on celeriae and peas dried in a fluid<strong>iz</strong>ed bed.The goal has been to obtain dry vegetables with 6% to 10% water content and of goodrehydration quality. Experimental data (bed height, gas temperature and velocity,pressure drop over the bed, drying time and the total humidity of drying) have beenmeasured and relevant values have been calculated.First the aerodynamic properties of a fluid<strong>iz</strong>ing bed in motion were experimentallyinvestigated and then the particles were dried at given temperatures in different timeintervals and at an air flow rate ranging from 0.30 m/s to 4.93 m/s.Two columns of different dimensions were used: a cylindrical column (d = 0.10 m and h =1.0 m) and a square column (a = 0.09 m, b = 0.18 m and h = 0.83 m).Working parameters were:1. Particle dimensions (blanched): 5x5x5 mm and 5x5x10 mm for celeriae and 8 mm (firstclass) and 9 mm (second class) diameter for peas2. Particle mass: 0.200 kg, 0.300 kg and 0.400 kg3. Drying temperature 40°C, 50°C and 60°CThe results have shown that drying of vegetables in a fluid<strong>iz</strong>ed bed produces dryvegetable pieces of excellent quality in a much shorter time than in continuous belt-dryerswhich are generally used.The best results of celeriae drying were obtained with the following dimensions ofceleriae: 5x5x5 mm, 200 g, in a cylindrical column at 60°C and at the maximum air flowrate of 4.3 m/s.The best results of peas drying were achieved with the first class peas, 400 g, in a squarecolumn at 60°C and at the maximum air flow rate of 2.46 m/s.Presented on:Central European Congress on Food – CE FOOD.Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 22-25, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007432
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 416IDENTIFICATION OF SERUM AND PLASMA MEMBRANE PROTEINSBY USE OF SELDI-TOF TECHNIQUE COMBINED WITH MS ANDLC/MS/MSD. Josić; M. K. Brown; Y-P. Lim; M. Ručević; H. Callanan; D. C. HixsonFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaDuring malignant transformation, the pattern of the proteins in the cell can be drasticallychanged. Some of the proteins can also be secreted in serum and other body fluids.Higher concentration of these proteins can indicate the presence of malignant cells andthey can be used for diagnostic purposes as tumor markers. Detection, isolation andidentification of such potential tumor markers is the first step on the way for rapid andreliable tumor diagnosis.Inter alpha inhibitor proteins (IaIp) are a group proteins, which play an important role ininflammation, wound healing and cancer metastasis. The major forms of these proteinsare inter alpha inhibitor (IaI) and pre-alpha inhibitor (PaI) with a molecular weight of 225kDa and 125 kDa, respectively. The possible use of these proteins as diagnostic andtherapeutic agents is under investigation (1). Using 1 and 2-D electrophoresis andSELDI-TOF technique, we isolated an 80 kDa protein, which that was enriched duringisolation of IaIp from human plasma.After tryptic digestion and subsequent SELDI-TOF analysis, this protein was identified asinter-alpha-inhibitor heavy chain H3. The presence of this form of IaIp in serum in suchhigh concentration has not been reported previously and its physiological relevance is stillunknown.Comparative analysis of nornal rat liver and Morris hepatomas revealed major differencesinn protein expression patterns. When several calcium-dependent proteins from Tritoninsolublefraction of plasma membranes, so called rafts, of both liver and Morrishepatoma 7777 were isolated, a protein with an apparent molecular weight in SDS-PAGEof 66-67 kDa was the main component isolated from rat liver. However, in Morrishepatoma 7777, additional calcium dependent proteins with apparent molecular weightbetween 30 and 40 kDa were also detected. Using SELDI-TOF and ESI-MS theseproteins were identified as members of the annexin family. Further character<strong>iz</strong>ation ofthese proteins was performed by use of micro-HPLC and MS/MS after proteolyticdigestion. A possible role of annexins in malignant conversion and their use as tumormarkers is discussed.Presented on:ISPPP, 24 th International Symphosium on the Separation of Proteins , Peptides andPolynucleotidesAachen, Germany, 19-22 October 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007433
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 417PATHOGENICITY OF FUSARIUM SPP. TO MAIZE SEEDLINGSDraženka Jurković 1 , Jasenka Ćosić 1 , Karolina Vrandečić 1 , Tatjana Ledenčan 21 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, Croatia2 Agricultural Institute Osijek, Osijek, CroatiaFusarium species are cosmopolitan and it includes numerous pathogens to plants.Diseases of ma<strong>iz</strong>e caused by Fusarium (seedling blight, root and stalk rot and ear rot)have been present more or less in all areas in which this crop has been grown.Grains of wheat and ma<strong>iz</strong>e, diseased stalks of ma<strong>iz</strong>e and residues of ma<strong>iz</strong>e stalks wereused as a source of Fusarium species.Investigation of the pathogenicity of Fusarium isolates was done according to Molot andSimone (1967) on a inbred line Os 438-95 which is in breeding program at AgriculturalInstitute Osijek. The method is based on inoculation 4x10 ma<strong>iz</strong>e grains by mycelium andconidium suspension. After incubation at 22ºC during 48h, follow incubation at 10ºCduring 72h and sowing in the sterile quartz sand. Control is treated by distillated water. Atthe stage of three leaves, percentage of germinated seeds as well as percentage ofseedling with radicle necrosis are established.The most pathogenic to ma<strong>iz</strong>e seedlings was F. graminearum, especially isolate fromma<strong>iz</strong>e grain (F. graminearum 2) which decreased germination percentage for 30,00%.The gratest percentage of seedlings with radicle necrosis was found with F. culmorum,isolate 2 (stalk of ma<strong>iz</strong>e). F. moniliforme and F. subglutinans were less pathogenic. Theisolates of F. moniliforme decreased ability of germination for 12,50-15,00% and F.subglutinans for 10,00%.Presented on:7 th European Seminar "Fusarium - Mycotoxins, Taxonomy and Pathogenicity",Poznan, Poland, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Draženka JurkovićProject No. 0079010434
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 418BACTERIAL FLORA OF RAINBOW TROUT LARVAE AND FRY(Oncorhynchus mykiss)Damir Kapetanović, Emin TeskeredžićRuñer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaTo date no results have been published regarding the composition of the bacterial flora inrainbow trout larvae and fry during the first days of their lives. The objective of our workwas to follow bacterial flora between the third and the eighth week of their lives. During35 days of experiment bacterial flora of rainbow trout has been examined, along withfollowing physico-chemical characteristics of water quality as well as it's influence onhealth. Samples for bacteriological examination were taken from gill, heart and kidneyareas and innoculated on the plates. Bacterial colonies were examined macroscopically,slides with Gram staining, and afterwords biochemical tests were performed. Foridentification, APILAB Plus programme (bio Mérieux, France) was used. Bacterialpopulation of rainbow trout larvae and fry changed in dependence with their age.Physico-chemical characteristics of water ranged within optimal values. Most of bacterialcolonies originated from gill isolates (64,4%), than from heart (21,8%) and kidney areas(13,8%). The bacterial flora of larvae in incubator was composed mostly of Gram-positivebacteria (75,1%), genera: Renibacterium (25%), Lactobacillus (16,7%), Staphilococcus(16,7%) and Corynebacterium (16,7%). The transfer of larvae from incubator into thepools resulted in reducing bacterial flora (66,7%) after 45 minute stay in the pool. Gramnegativebacteria, which have been represented in larvae in incubator with low percent(24,9%), after the transfer of larvae to the pools became dominant and represented morethan 95% of rainbow trout larvae and fry bacterial flora. Flavobacterium, Acinetobacterand Yersinia were the predominant Gram-negative genera in larvae in incubator, whereasAeromonas, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Pasteurella were the main isolates fromrainbow trout larvae and fry until the end of experiment. Bacterial flora of larvae inincubator mostly consists of Gram-positive bacteria, whereas in rainbow trout larvae andfry in pools Gram-negative bacterial flora prevail.Presented on:The 19 th International ICFMH Symposium Foodmicro 2004‘’New Tools for Improving microbial Food Safety and Quality: Biotechnology andMolecular Biology Approaches’’Portorož, Slovenia, September 12–16, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Emin TaskeredžićProject No. 0098125435
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 419ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SELECTED WINES FROM DALMATIA(Croatia)Katalinić, Višnja; Modun, Darko; Musić, Ivana; Boban, Mladen; Miloš, MladenFaculty of Chemical Technology, Universiti of Split, CroatiaAmong the fruits and vegetables commonly consumed, grapes and their associatedproducts including wine, juice and raisins may be the most important source of our dietarycatechins and anthocyanins. In this study the reducing power of selected wines and pure(+)-catechine was determined using ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.Radical scavenging potential was investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2 -picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging, and β -carotene bleaching (BCB) methods. Six red and fourwhite wines from different grape cultivars were analyzed. Total phenols in wines weredetermined with official AOAC procedure using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Flavonoids weredetermined using precipitation with formaldehyde. The anthocyanin content in wines wasdetermined using bisulfite bleaching method. Catechins, as main reactants with reactivephloroglucinol moiety in wines, were reacted with vanillin and resulting colored compoundwas quantitatively determined. We tested 10 selected wines with controlled geographicalorigin: six red wines (Dingač, Babić, Cabernet Sauvignon, Farros, Faros barique, Merlot)and four white wines (Maraština, Pošip, Traminac, Graševina). The total phenol content,flavonoids, anthocyanins and catechins in wines were determined spectrophotometrically.Red wines had much higher total phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin and catechin contentthan white wines, as expected. There was no significant difference betweennonflavonoids phenols in red and white wines. Unpaired test with two tailed p-valuesshowed highly significant difference between FRAP, DPPH, and BCB of red and whitewines (p
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 420HONEY AS A NATURAL SOURCE OF FLAVONOID ANTIOXDANTKenjerić, D.; Mandić, M.L.; Primorac, Lj.; Klapec, T.; Perl, A..Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaHoney is a natural product which is increasingly present in human nutrition on account ofits composition, and it also easily complies with tendencies of organic food production. Amajor class of compounds found in honey are flavonoids, plant phytochemicals thatcannot be synthes<strong>iz</strong>ed in the human body. Flavonoids are polyphenols with highantioxidant capacity which has been associated with reduced risk of several chronicdiseases. Considering the fact that every plant contains a unique combination offlavonoids, different honey types also have dissimilar flavonoid profiles and thus can havequalitatively different effects on the body. On the other hand, some of them arewidespread in many plant species, like quercetin which occurs in most honey types andhas been suggested to protect against heart disease and cancer. In this work, a HPLCanalysis of 50 honey samples indicates honey as a good flavonoid source which may beused as a healthy alternative to sugar in many products, thereby enriching an array offoods with natural antioxidants.Presented on:9 th European Nutrition ConferenceRome, Italy, 1 – 4 October 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003437
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 421HPLC FLAVONOID PROFILES AND IDENTIFICATION OFUNIFLORAL HONEYSKenjerić, D.; Primorac, Lj.; Čačić, F.; Perl, A..Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaThe flavonoid profiles of unifloral honey from acacia, chesnut and sage were analysed byHPLC with the aim of determining floral origin. Eigth flavonoid compounds have beenindentified. Though many peeks in the chromatograms stayed unindentified it isperceivable from the chromatographic profiles that it is possible to differentiate these 3honey types.Presented on:4 th International Conference of PhD Students,Miskolc, Hungary 11-17.08. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003438
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 422CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF SELECTED PESTICIDES ON BHK (BabyHamster Kidney) 21 C13 CELLSKniewald, Jasna; Čabran, Manuela; Kmetič, Ivana; Gaurina-Srček, Višnja; Kniewald,ZlatkoFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIn order to determine cytotoxic effect of rather common used insecticides lindane (L) andaldrine (A) as well as of herbicide 2,4-D (D) on the animal cell line growing in suspension,the research has been performed. The safety assessment of chemicals and substanceslike pesticides and the extrapolation of those data into human risk assessment require alot of expensive and time costing tests in animal species. In order to reduce the numberof experimental animals, different primary cells and cell lines are introduced for acutetoxicity assays. In the present research BHK 21 C13 cell line was used as a test systemfor the determination of L, A and D toxicity. Following parameters are examined: cellviability and number of cells measured by Trypane-Blue exclusion method in Fuchs-Rosenthal heamocytometer, lyzosomal activity measured by Neutral Red method andtotal cell protein content measured by Kenacid Blue method. BHK 21 C13 cell line wasobtained from the American Type Culture Collection (CCL 10). The cells were maintainedat 37°C in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO 2 in Glasgow BHK 21 mediumsupplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum. The cells were seeded 24 hours before theaddition of toxicant, with the initial concentration of 2-2.5 x 10 5 cells/mL/well on the 24-Multiwell plates. L was added at the concentrations of 5 to 120 µg/mL/well, aldrine from2.5 to 50 µg/mL/well and 2,4-D from 10 to 250 µg/mL/well. The cytotoxicity wasdetermined after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cytotoxic effects of the tested toxicants were incorrelation with the increasing concentrations. The IC 20 , IC 50 and IC 80 were detected fromthe slope of % of inhibition vs. log dose values. Comparing the effects of testedcompounds the rate of toxicity was aldrine>lindane >2,4-D. At the same time we havefound that the applied colorimetric methods are acceptable for the quantitativedetermination of cytotoxic effects with BHK 21 C13 cell line. Such approach cansignificantly reduce the need of the very expensive experiments with animals.Presented on:EUROTOX 2002 (40 st Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology)Budapest, Hungary, September 15 - 18, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jasna KniewaldProject No.0058010439
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 423CYTOTOXICITY OF HERBICIDE ATRAZINE ON CHINESE HAMSTEROVARY CELL IN MONOLAYERKniewald, Jasna; Kmetič, Ivana; Gaurina Srček, Višnja; Šimić, Branimir; Kniewald,ZlatkoFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAtrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) is a selective triazineherbicide, one of the most widely used herbicides in corn and other crops. Therefore theextensive use leads to its possible presence in ground water, as well as in raw andindustrial food products. Even though atrazine is declared to be slightly toxic as toxicityclass III, its possible ingestion via the food chain may present a risk for the reproductiveprocess. The safety assessment of pesticides and the introducing these data into ahuman risk assessment evaluation requires a large number of expensive, regulated testsin different animal species. Currently a wide range of animal replacement alternativemethods is available. By introducing in vitro methodology in toxicity testing, it is possibleto evaluate the toxic influence of a chemical without using the great amount ofexperimental animals. In the present study, in order to determine cytotoxic effect ofatrazine within the reproductive hormone-dependent tissues, using CHO K1 (ChineseHamster Ovary) cell line in monolayer (CCL-61) the research was performed. Cell viabilityand number of cells were measured by Trypane Blue exclusion method in Fuchs-Rosenthal heamocytometer, and by colorimetric assays as Kenacid Blue R bindingmethod measured the change in total cell protein, lyzosomal activity measured by NeutralRed method and MTT assay measured the mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenaseactivity. The cells were maintained at 37°C in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO 2 inDulbecco medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The production of biomasswas in T-bottle, and the cells were separated in the early logarithmic phase of growth.The initial concentration of CHO cells were 2.5x10 4 cells/mL/well on 6-multiwell platesand after 72 h it succeeded 21x10 5 cells/mL in the control well. Cells were seeded 16 hbefore the treatment with atrazine, in the concentrations of 2.5-80 µg/mL/well. Thenumber of cells in the presence of atrazine is compared with that observed in controlcultures and the percent inhibition of growth calculated. The cytotoxicity was determinedafter 24, 48 and 72 h. The cell growth inhibition ranged after 72 h from 5 to 75% and wasdose-responded. The IC 20 , IC 50 and IC 80 were measured from the slope of % inhibition vs.log dose values.The values of IC 50 for atrazine after 72 h was ~55-60 µg/mL with all applied methods,acceptable for the quantitative determination of cytotoxic effects of atrazine on CHO K1cell line. As the first-step in toxicity evaluation, by excluding the experiments with animals,application of cell lines from reproductive tissues like the Chinese hamster ovary enablesdetermination of toxicity in the reproductive processes.Presented on:EUROTOX 2003 41 st Congress of the European Societies of ToxicologyFlorence, Italy, September 28 - October 1, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jasna KniewaldProject No.0058010440
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 424APPLICATION OF CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY (CHO K1) CELL LINEAS AN ALTERNATIVE TOXICITY TESTING OF INSEKTICIDELINDANEJ.Kniewald, I.Kmetič, B.Šimić, Z.KniewaldFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaAlternatives are techniques for reducing the number of animals used in medical andscientific research, mitigating the suffering of any animal that have to be used, andwhenever possible, replacing animals by other techniques. Cell lines are widely usedbecause they do not require the use of fresh tissue. In the present study we have usedanimal cell line CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary - CHO K1) in monolayer in order toevaluate the effects of insecticide lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) on reproduction andto reduce the expensive and regulated tests usually used for the safety assessment ofpesticides. Cell viability and number of cells were measured by Trypane Blue exclusionmethod, lyzosomal activity by Neutral Red method and changes in total cell proteins byKenacid Blue R binding method. Cells were maintained at 37 0 C in an atmosphere of 95%air and 5% CO 2 in Dulbecco medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Theproduction of biomass was in T-bottle, and the cells were separated in the earlylogarithmic phase of growth. Initial concentrations of CHO cells were 1x10 4 cells/mL/wellon 6-multiwell plates. Cells were seeded 16 h before the treatment with lindane (10, 20,30, 50, 70 or 100 µg/mL/well). Cytotoxicity was determined after 24, 48 and 72 hours andwas dose-responded. IC 50 values were calculated from plots of % inhibition vs. logconcentrations of lindane after 72 hours of exposure for each applied method, that can beused as the starting dose for in vivo testing by applying the standard regression betweenIC 50 and LD 50 values in the Register of Cytotoxicity.Presented on:ICTX 2004, 10 th International Congress of ToxicologyTampere, Finland, July 11-15, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jasna KniewaldProject No.0058010441
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 425ISOLATION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OFPROBIOTIC STRAINS FOR APPLICATIONS IN AGRO-FOODINDUSTRYB. Kos 1 , C. Iannaccone 2 , J. Frece 1 , J. Šušković 1 , F. Canganella 21 Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia2 Department of Agrobiology and Agrochemistry, University of Tuscia, ItalyPotential probiotic strains from different origins have been tested for some specificphysiological properties in order to evaluate their application potentialities. Thephenotypic characterisations of examined lactic acid bacteria have done using the APItests and BIOLOG system. All of tested strains survive lyophil<strong>iz</strong>ation process in skim milkat high population level. Lyophilised strains remained viable at all examined temperaturesduring 75 days of storage. Recovery of viable cells during storage in the phosphate bufferwith glycerol was about 100 % at –20 o C for all strains. Cells of L. acidophilus M92 rapidlydied during storage at 4 and 15 o C, while cells of L. plantarum L4 and E. faecium L3survive at the number of ca. 10 4 cells/ml. The potential probiotic strains have shownantagonistic activity against all tested gram-positive and gram-negative spoilage andpathogenic bacteria using 3 different methods (agar-spot test, agar-well diffusion methodand in vitro competition test). The inhibition obtained by neutralised 5-fold concentratedsupernatant of L. plantarum L4 may be result of bacteriocin activity of this strain.Presented on:3 rd International Probiotic Conference "New Perspective of Probiotics"Košice, Slovakia, 15. – 19. September 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jagoda ŠuškovićProject No. 0058009442
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 426IMPACT OF PECTIN AND CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE ONSENSORY PROPERTIES OF PASTAD. Koceva Komlenić; Ž. Ugarčić-Hardi; Lj. PrimoracFaculty of Food Technology, University of Osijek, CroatiaIn this work was tested the impact of two selected hydrocolloids (pectin andcarboxymethylcellulose), added in various concentrations, on sensory properties of pastaproduced from Triticum aestivum flour types with different α-amylase activity.The sensory properties were tested on pasta stored for three months in dried (at 25 ºC)and frozen state (at –18 ºC). We evaluated cooked pasta odour, appearance (stickyness),taste and consistency.The results obtained by sensory evaluation of pasta samples were statistically elaboratedby variance analysis and Scheffe’s test with significance level 0,05.The examination results showed that by adding high concentrations of hydrocolloids (2 %of pectin and 0.75 % carboxymethylcellulose) significant statistical improvement of pastaappearance (stickyness) as well as consistency have been achieved. Dried pasta withpectine addition made from flour with an optimal amylolytic activity showed bettersensory properties.Presented on:EURO FOOD CHEM XIISTRATEGIES FOR SAFE FOODBrugge, Belgium, 24-26. September 2003.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Žaneta Ugarčić-HardiProject No. 0113002443
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 427IMPORTANCE OF OATS IN DAILY DIETM. Koražija, D. ĆurićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaResults from a number of observational and clinical trials provide evidence thatmodifications in the diet can exert beneficial effects on common medical conditions1.Oats has higher nutritional value than other cereal crops and should be included in dailydiet. Oats contains a significant value of dietary fiber and especially soluble dietary fiberwhich is the most importent ß-glucan. Oats contains more lipids than other cereal crops.The oats lipids are built on essential fatty acids especially linoleic and oleic acids.Proteins of oats contain significant amount of essential amino acids, lysin, methionin,valin, isoleucine, leucine and phenyl-alanin. Oats contains unique antioxidants, calledavenanthramides, as well as the minerals magnesium, solenium and iron and vitaminestiamine, folic acid, biotin and pantothenic acid.The hypocholesterolemic properties of oatswere first demonstrated in 1963, followed by at least 50 studies in humans evaluating theeffects of oats on blood lipids. Analysis of individual whole grain foods showed that oatsconsumption alone also reduced the risk for diabetes onset. Accumulating evidence fromepidemiological, clinical and animal studies suggests that dietary fiber from oats cansignificantly aid in reducing blood pressure and/or prevent the onset of hypertension. Thiswould be aided by development of more innovative products and oat-based functionalfoods.Presented on:9th European Nutrition ConferenceRome, Italy, October 1-4, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007444
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 428ADHESION AND AGGREGATION ABILITY OF PROBIOTIC STRAINLactobacillus acidophilus M92B. Kos 1 ; J.Šušković 1 ; S. Vuković 2 ; M. Šimpraga 2 ; J. Frece 1 ; S. Matošić 11 Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe ability of probiotic bacteria to adhere to the intestinal epithelium play an importantrole in colon<strong>iz</strong>ation of the gastrointestinal tract, preventing their elimination by peristalsisand providing a competitive advantage in this ecosystem. To identify bacterial traitsrelated to adhesion the probiotic strain L. acidophilus M92 was examined forautoaggregation ability and cell surface hydrophobicity L. acidophilus M92 exhibits astrong autoaggregation phenotype and also coaggregation with some pathogenmicroorganisms that may form a barrier that prevents their colon<strong>iz</strong>ation. The examinedprobiotic strain manifests a good degree of hydrophobicity determined by microbialadhesion to hydrocarbons. Aggregation and hydrophobicity were abolished uponexposure of the cells to pronase, which suggests the possible role of cell surface layer (Slayer)proteins, approximated at 45 kDa, in a L. acidophilus M92. The relationshipbetween autoaggregation and adhesion ability to intestinal tissue was investigated byobserving the adhesivity of L. acidophilus M92 to porcine ileal epithelial cells. Removal ofthe S-layer proteins by extraction with 5 M LiCl reduced autaggregation and in vitroadhesion of this strain.Presented on:Seventh Symposium on Lactic Acid Bacteria: Genetics, Metabolism and Applications,Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands, 1. – 5. September 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jagoda ŠuškovićProject No. 0058009445
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 429INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT AND HAILSTORM ON THE YIELD ANDYIELD COMPONENTS OF SUNFLOWERKr<strong>iz</strong>manić, M.; Liović, I.; Mijić, A.; Bilandžić, M.The agricultural Institute Osijek, CroatiaIn the paper are presented results of the OS sunflower hybrids in two very different yearsregarding rainfall and air temperature. In 2002 year, amount of rainfall and airtemperature were optimal, but in 2003 is recorded unprecedented drought during thevegetation period and heavy hailstorm on the beginning of July that caused a hugedamages of hybrids on the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute Osijek. In theresearch were analyzed: plant height, mass of 1000 grains, grain yield, oil content and oilyield. Based on the analyzed traits, results in 2002 year were significantly better incomparison to 2003 year. The OS sunflower hybrids were shown a high potential forgrain yield, oil content and oil yield as well as emphas<strong>iz</strong>ed drought tolerance. Inconditions of significant leaves, stem and head damages by hailstorm, our hybrids havereal<strong>iz</strong>ed the satisfy results.Presented on:16 TH INTERNATIONAL SUNFLOWER CONFERENCE.Fargo, North Dakota, USA, August 29- September 02, 2004,Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Miroslav Kr<strong>iz</strong>manićProject No. 0073006446
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 430THE INFLUENCE OF PARTIAL SUBSTITUTION OF MALT WITHMAIZE GRITS AND WHEAT ON QUALITY PARAMETERS ANDCOLLOIDAL SABILITY OF LARGER FIBERKrstanović, V.; Kočar, N.; Virant, M.; Marić, V.Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaThe aim of this work was to investigate the influence of wheat on quality indicators andcolloidal stability of lager beer, considering the new requirements on minimal shell life(MSL). The fraction of added wheat was common for the wheat and ma<strong>iz</strong>e gritscombination used in the production of this beer. The production of beer I (50% malt, 34%ma<strong>iz</strong>e grits, 16% wheat) and beer II (100% malt) was monitored. The same standardprocess with two mashes (two mash decoction) was used for both beers. Raw materials,laboratory and industrial worts, freshly bottled beers, and beers in storage at roomtemperature over a period of 210 days, were analyzed. The composition of raw materialsdid not deviate beyond the usual ranges. Wheat gives mashes character<strong>iz</strong>ed by longersaccharification and lautering times compared to malt and ma<strong>iz</strong>e grits, and by similarviscosity as malt. Wheat also raises the fraction of high-molecular proteins, and reducesthe fraction of assimilating (in addition to formol and α-amino) nitrogen in wort. Worts forbeer I had less color intensity, viscosity and turbidity compared to worts for beer II.Consequently, these parameters were also considerably decreased in the resulting beersas compared to beers obtained from pure malt. Analyses of fresh rack beers indicated agreat similarity in chemical composition, especially in the proportions of high-, medium-,and low-molecular protein fractions. Considering its portion of grits, wheat is the mostsignificant contributor of high-molecular proteins to beer. Warm-cold and total haze testsshowed that, even with comparable absolute shares of major haze precursors (totalpolyphenols and high-molecular proteins), the malted wheat beers are substantially lessresistant to heat-induced haze, in comparison with both the beers from pure malt and thereferent, colloidally stabil<strong>iz</strong>ed beer. The tests of chemically induced haze (tannic acid –TA, gliadin –GI, gelatine -GL, polyphenol oxidase –PO) point to TA as the agentproducing the most intense turbidity of fastest onset. Beer I was less resistant to TAinducedhaze compared to both beer II and the referent beer. A greater affinity to hazeinduction by GI was determined for beer II which had a higher content of polyphenols. Allthree beers contained more haze-active proteins than haze-active polyphenols. The testsof heat-induced haze provide a more accurate information on MSL of beer. The results ofmonitoring colloidal stability of beer in storage revealed a satisfactory clarity of beer I onlyduring the first three months, reaching the marginal value by the end of the period. At thesame time, beer II had an adequate clarity during six months of storage.Presented on:1 st Central European Congress on Food and Nutrition, 2 nd Slovenian Congress on Foodand Nutrition, ,Ljubljana, Slovenia, 22-25.09. 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003447
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 431HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF MULLETS (MUGIL SPP.) AS APOSSIBLE TOOL IN ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OFAQUACULTUREB. KurtovicRudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaFish farming has an impact on the environment due to organic and inorganic nutrientsloss, discharge of applied veterinary products etc. One of the most important constraintsto the further development of the Mediterranean aquaculture are environmental concerns,related to the location of the farms and the impact of the efluents on the surroundingenvironment. Mullet (Mugil spp.) is a cosmopolitan species commonly found in coastalregions and more importantly around the cages of farmed fish. Furthermore this speciesis known to eat waste food and detritus around and bellow sea cages. Therefore twogroups of Mullet were sampled, one around cages of farmed Sea bass and the otherfrom wild population. Basic diagnostic procedures were carried out and liver, spleen andrear kidney were sampled for histological examination. The aim of this study was todetermine whether fish farming has an impact on fish living near the cages. Histologicalexamination revealed that MMC (melanomacrophage centers) were more numerous in allexamined organs, however only in spleen significantly (t=2.69, p
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 432HISTOLOGY OF REARED AND WILD EUROPEAN SEA BASS(DICENTRARCHUS LABRAX L.)B. KurtovicRudjer Boskovic Institute,Zagreb, CroatiaThere are several technological procedures in the fish culture process which may result ineither acute or chronic stress (high stocking density, handling, temperature fluctuationsand poor water quality). The current trend in fishproduction is to increase lipid content in diets. Only a few reports exist on the effects ofsuch diet on warmwater marine species. Irregular feeding, unsuitable form of food andbuildup of waste feed act as stressful factors. The aim of this study was to determine theeffects of intensive culture on the histological picture of the liver, spleen and kidney incomparison to the fish from the wild population. The most pronounced difference in theliver was in the degree of fat degeneration, being prominent in most farmed fish (while notobserved in the wild fish. There were no differences in the frequency of inflamatory cellsaccumulation. Despite being few in both groups, MMC were significantly more numerousin farmed fish (t= 2,95; p 0.05). MMC werenumerous in the spleen and yellow to dark brown in colour. Mean number wassignificantly higher in farmedfish (t= 9.88; p
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 433PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIBOMECHANICALY MICRONIZEDWHEY PROTEINVesna Lelas, Zoran Herceg, Suzana Rimac BrnčićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaWhey proteins, because of their high biological value and specific functional properties,are today more and more used as and ingredient in various food products. The functionalrole of proteins depends on complex interactions of many factors such as heating orcooling rate, pH, ionic strength as well as by mechanical means like whipping, highpressures or ultrasonic vibrations. In this research the procedure of tribomechanicalmicron<strong>iz</strong>ation and activation (TMA) was used with the aim to investigate its effect on thephysical as well as functional properties of whey proteins. Namely the results obtainedrecently have shown that TMA process changes physico-chemical properties of somehard mineral substances (e.g. zeolite, calcite) improving their functional characteristics. Inthis investigation two samples of powdered whey protein concentrates containing 60 %(WPC-60) or 80 % (WPC-80) of proteins were tribomechanicaly treated at three differentrotor′s speed (16 000, 20 000, 22 000 rpm) using the laboratory equipment for TMA. Theconsequence was a significant decrease of particle s<strong>iz</strong>e and an increase in specific areaof materials. The pictures obtained using scanning microscopy have shown that alsorupturing and splitting of protein globules has occured. That was also confirmed by theresults of electrophoresis. After tribomechanical treatment an increase of protein fractionsand lowering of their molecular weight have occured. Besides, the results of freezingtemperature determination of 10 % whey protein suspensions have shown that aftertribomechanical treatment a decrease of freezing point has occured. At the same time thebulk density of powdered WPC increased and their solubility as well as dispersibilitychanged depending on the protein fraction and rotor′s speed. The conductivity of 10 %tribomechanicaly treated whey protein suspensions was greater than those prepared withuntreated proteins. All these results indicate that the procedure of tribomechanicalmicron<strong>iz</strong>ation effectssplitting of protein moleculea what changes their physico-chemicaland functional properties and the properties of the systems in that they are added.Presented on:NEW FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENTS AND FOODS (NFIF),Kopenhagen, Denmark, 9-11.04.2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vesna LelasProject No. 0058021450
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 434CAROTENOIDS IN SOME MEDITERRANEAN FOODSTUFFS: HPLC–TLS STUDIESSvjetlana Luterotti, Mladen Franko, Dane Bičanić, Ksenija Marković, Nada VahčićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe nutritional importance of certain carotenoids as metabolic precursors of vitaminA is well known. Additional functions of carotenoids, including some non-provitaminones, have been suggested to include cancer prevention, immunoenhancing activity,and acting as antioxidants in vivo.Hyphenation of a non-aqueous reversed-phase HPLC and highly sensitive thermallens detection (HPLC-TLS) enabled the determination of some carotenoids atultratrace levels, namely from the samples which were multifold diluted prior toanalysis.In summing up of our results obtained by the analyses of some foodstuffs by HPLC-TLS, typical carotenoid patterns may be suggested. For example, chromatograms ofsesame and olive oils indicated the presence of early eluting lutein and α-carotene(in the sesame oil), followed by both trans- and cis-isomers of β-carotene. In tomatopurée extracts, initially eluting xanthophylls were followed by α-carotene, trans- andcis-β-carotene and lycopene isomers.As far as total carotenes are concerned, HPLC-TLS enabled detection ofconcentrations as low as 1.4 ng mL -1 in tomato purée extracts and down to 1.5 ngmL -1 in diluted oils. Concentration of total carotenes did not exceed 0.2 and 2.6 µgmL -1 in sesame and olive oils, respectively.HPLC-TLS helped in getting an insight into characteristic carotenoid/carotene patternof some typical Mediterranean foodstuffs.Presented on:4 th Mediterranean Basin Conference on Analytical Chemistry,Portorož, Slovenia, September 15-20, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Nada VahčićProject No. 0058018451
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 435ULTRATRACES OF CAROTENES IN TOMATO PURéES: HPLC – TLSSTUDYSvjetlana Luterotti, Ksenija Marković, Mladen Franko, Dane Bičanić, Nada Vahčić,Otto DokaFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaPresent study was designed to provide an insight to information about i) the profile ofcarotene pigments and ii) trace quantities of lycopene and β-carotene left in tomatopurees following different storage (temperature and duration) regimes. UltrasensitiveHPLC-TLS method enabled us to detect as low as 0.3 and 1 ng mL -1 lycopene and β-carotene in puree extracts, resp. Total concentration (varying from 3 to 170 ng g -1 ) ofβ-carotene and lycopene in the examined tomato purees may serve as an indicatorof carotene-specific antioxidative capacity of these products.Although conventional spectrophotometry can be used to rapidly assess the qualityof products derived from tomatoes, a highly sensitive method such as HPLC-TLS isneeded for exact analyses, especially in case of samples subjected to inappropriatestorage and/or sample handling.Presented on:12 th Intl. Conference on Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena,Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 24-27, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Nada VahčićProject No. 0058018452
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 436POTATO NITROGEN MENAGEMENT BY USING RAPID TESTSM. Ljubičić, M. Poljak, I. Buturac, I. PavlovićFaculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaIntroduction Petiole-sap analysis or "quick-testing" as well as leaf chlorophyllassessing is a most popular, rapid diagnostic methods that can be used to monitornutrient levels today. Sap tests are less expensive and eliminate the delay betweenthe time a sample is collected and laboratory results are available.Material and methods Five N fertil<strong>iz</strong>er treatments (0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kgN/ha) were applied on three potato cultivars and replicated three times. Petiolesamples were taken three times at 10 day intervals from June 13 through July 19.Samples of 30 youngest fully expanded petioles were taken from the second andfifth row of each plot. Fresh petiole samples were transported on ice, the sapexpressed, and nitrate in the petiole sap was determined by Cardy ion meter. Leafchlorophyll readings were also made at the same time petiole samples werecollected. Approximately 30 readings were made in each plot with a portable, handheld Hydro N-tester chlorophyll meter. These readings were later correlated with thecorresponding petiole nitrate content. The results were used to assess N status ofpotatoes.Results and conclusions Sap tests are accurate enough to be used on apractical basis as a decision-making tool that can increase the efficiency of fertil<strong>iz</strong>eruse. Yield or quality may be improved by more closely matching nutrient rates andtiming with plant needs. From these data, we conclude that the chlorophyll meter hasgreat potential for use as a diagnostic tool in evaluating the N status of the potatocrop. Yield was not related to amount of nitrate and chllorophyll in leaf duringvegetation. Some strongest relationships between nitrogen level and amount ofnitrate nitrogen and chlorophyll in leaf were observed at approximately 50 days afterplanting. Also very strong correlation between methods were observed.Presented on:ISHS Symposium “Towards Ecologically Sound Fertilisation Strategies for FieldVegetable Production”Perugia, Italy, 7-10 June 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milan PoljakProject No. 0178002453
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 437POLLEN ANALYSIS AND PHENOLIC PROFILE OF SOMEMEDITERRANEAN TYPES OF HONEYMandić, M.L.; Kenjerić, D.; Primorac, Lj.; Bubalo, D.; Perl, A..Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaAn extensive study of the most common parameters used in honey analysis wasperformed to determine a characteristic range of values for different samples of unifloralhoney from Mediterranean part of Croatia. This might also help in selecting criteria fordefining honey as unifloral. Investigation of five different types of honey (sage, lavender,heather, rosemary and heath) was carried using melissopalynological and RP-HPLCanalysis of flavonoids. In addition to the traditional approach, the aim of the HPLC studywas to identify characteristic phenolic profiles in selected types of unifloral honey. Theresults confirmed existence of specific phenolic profiles for the analysed honey types,which could be used as supplementary parameters in determination of botanical origin ofhoney.Presented on:2 nd Central European Congress on Food,Budapest, Hungary, 26-28.04. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003454
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 438CALCIUM NUTRITION AND OSTEOPOROSISMandić, M.; Perl, A.; Kenjerić, D. Šatalić, Z...Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaThis paper should review the essentials about metabolism, recommended dailyintake and consequences of calcium depletion as well as osteoporosis like one ofimportant diseases to which that deficiency can lead and finally explain some waysof preventing it.Presented on:4 th International Conference of PhD Students,Miskolc, Hungary, 11-17.08. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003455
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 439CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS INTAKE, SEASONAL VARIATIONSAND FOOD SOURCESMandić, M.L.; Perl, A.; Klapec, T.; Mandić, M.; Kenjerić, D..Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaExisting data on adolescent and adults suggest that current levels of calcium (Ca) andphosphorus (P) intake in developed and developing countries may be insufficient andtherefore a basis for inception and advance of many diseases. The aim of this study wasto investigate the intake of Ca and P in the continental part of Croatia. The present surveywas carried out on a sample of 161 adults (115 females and 46 males, age 18-55). Toestimate the level of Ca and P intake, a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) wasdeveloped. A computer programme based on national food tables was used to calculatethe mean intake of the elements, as well as the fraction of intake from different foods. Theinvestigation was performed over three different seasons: October/November (FFQ1),April/May (FFQ2), and August/September (FFQ3). Average Ca and P intakes were 965.1and 1575.0 mg/day, respectively. FFQ2 and FFQ3 gave similar results for Ca, whileFFQ1 was significantly different from the other two seasons. As for P, FFQ2 wassignificantly different from the other two seasons. Milk and diary products made thegreatest contribution to Ca (61.3%) and P (32.4%) intake, followed by vegetables (14.1%)for Ca, and cereals (23.2%) for P. The results are discussed in view of seasonalvariations, sources, and adequacy of intake.Presented on:9 th European Nutrition ConferenceRome, Italy, 1 – 4 October 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003456
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 440OBESITY AND CALCIUM INTAKE IN CROATIAMandić, M.L.; Primorac, Lj.; Perl, A.; Mandić, M.; Kenjerić, D..Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaIntroduction: Environmental factors affecting diet appear to be the most importantdeterminants of the increasing obesity prevalence. Dietary calcium intake has beenidentified as one factor that is negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI). Aims:The aims of this investigation were to establish calcium intake among adults from theeastern part of Croatia, their BMI, as well as the correlation between them. Methods: Thestudy was carried out among 161 healthy adults (115 women and 46 men), aged 18-55years. Calcium intake was assessed by a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire(FFQ) designed in our laboratory, which contained 150 different food items, separated in9 groups. The FFQs were performed on three separate occasions during the year, andthey referred to the previous month' s intake. Results: The results show that the meanquantity of calcium intake per day was 965± ; ; 433 mg (909± ; ; 407 for women, and1105± ; ; 468 for men), and the mean BMI 23.3± ; ; 3.7 (22.6± ; ; 3.5 for women and 25.2±; ; 3.4 for men). When values for calcium intake are normal<strong>iz</strong>ed by body weight ofsubjects, we found an intake of 14.5 mg/kg for women and 13.6 mg/kg for men.Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between daily dietary calcium intake andBMI in either men or women. However, the marginally low calcium intake in women,especially from milk, demonstrate necessity to educate population on importance ofadequate calcium intake and possible inverse association between the relative risk ofobesity and calcium intake.Presented on:13 th European Congress on Obesity,Prague, Chech Republic, 26. – 29. 5.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003457
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 441QUALITY OF CROATIAN HONEYS AND THE NEW WAY OFBOTANICAL ORIGIN IDENTIFICATIONMandić, M.L; Primorac, Lj.; Kenjerić, D.; Perl, A.; Klapec T.Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaU ovom radu odreñena su f<strong>iz</strong>ikalno-kemijska svojstva 5 vrsta meda, ukupno 270 uzoraka(134 bagrem, 16 suncokret, 51 kesten, 46 kadulja i 23 medljika). Odreñivani su parametripropisani Pravilnikom o kakvoći meda i drugih pčelinjih pro<strong>iz</strong>voda (reducirajući šećeri,saharoza, voda, mineralne tvari, aktivnost dijastaze, hidroksimetilfurfurol-HMF, kiselost ipeludna anal<strong>iz</strong>a).Osim ovih parametara, definiranih Pravilnikom, za sve tipove medarañena je i anal<strong>iz</strong>a flavonoida. Većina uzoraka je bila unutar zahtjeva postavljenihPravilnikom o kakvoći meda i drugih pčelinjih pro<strong>iz</strong>voda.Presented on:3 th International Conference Integrated Systems for Agri-Food Production SIPA'03,Temišvar, Romania, 20-22.11. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003458
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 442THE CHANGES IN POTATO DURING STORAGE AND COOKINGPROCESSESKsenija Marković, Mirjana Hruškar, Nada Vahčić, Marina GrbaFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaChanges during storage were investigated in starch, reducing sugars and dry mattercontent of two sorts of the potato. Effect of the thermal treatments on the starch, reducingsugars and dry matter content were also investigated in the same samples. The potatowas stored for 90 days at the temperature of +4°C. During storage every 15 days thesamples of raw potato and samples that were exposed to various thermal processeswere analysed by standard methods of analysis. The potato was processed with andwithout the skin and cooking processes were carried out in the classic way, in thepressure cooker and also in the microwave oven.The obtained results showed increase in reducing sugars and dry matter content duringstorage in raw potato and also in potatoes that were exposed to various thermalprocesses. Both sorts of potatoes showed decrease in starch content during 90 days ofstorage.Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between each thermal (cooking)process of potato, as well as the difference between the potato thermal treated with orwithout the skin.Presented on:CEFood Congress,Ljubljana, Slovenia, September 22-25, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Nada VahčićProject No. 0058018459
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 443DRIED FRUIT NUTRITIVE BARSDomagoj Matković, Mirjana Hruškar, Nada Vahčić, Jelena KajinFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe nutritive energy bars are nowdays well represented in human nutrition. At themoment, there’s lots of manufacturers present at Croatian market, but neither one isdomestic. This work is an attempt to create such a product based on dried fruit and nutsfor which Croatia has great agricultural conditions. So, the aim was to produce first “madein Croatia” product of such type. After choosing the optimum combination of ingredientsand preparing a product under laboratory conditions, the product was stored at twodifferent temperatures. The aim was to determine shelf-life of the product and changes inbasic ingredients as well as microbiological and health validity of the product.Presented on:9 th European Nutrition Conference,Rome, Italy, October 01-04, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Nada VahčićProject No. 0058018460
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 444DYNAMICS OF SYMPTOMIC SUB-POPULATIONS Botrytis cinerea INDIFFERENT EHENOPHASES OF GRAPEVINE IN CROATIANVINEYARDS AND THIER CONNECTION TO RESISTANCE TOBOTRYTICIDEST. MILIČEVIĆ, B. CVJETKOVIĆ, S. TOPOLOVEC-PINTARIĆFacultyof Agriculture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaPhytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea showes extreme phenothype variability andexceptional adaptability. Sources of such variations are found in heterokaryosis,heteroploidy, dsRNA, virus-like particles and two transposable elements: Boty,retrotransposon of 6 kb, and Flipper, a 1.842 bp element. Sypatric sub-populations of thefungus dependent on contence of transposable elements seems different for someaspects, such as host - specialisation and response to fungicides. To determine theconnection of this subpopulations with grapevine phenophases and resistance tofungicides, B. cinerea isolates were collected during different grapevine phenophasesand analysed for contence of transposable elements and reaction to fungicides. . PCRbasedanalysis of transposable elements and in vitro fungicide-resistance tests showeddifferent distribution of four B. fuckeliana sympatric populations during different grapevinephenophases and different distibution among fungicide resistant-sensitive phenotypegroups.Presented on:XIII. INTERNATIONAL BOTRYTIS SYMPOSIUMAntalya, Turky, 25. - 31. October 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bogdan CvjetkovićProject No. 0178042461
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 445THE SENSITIVITY OF STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS TO MAJORFUNGAL DISEASES OF LEAVES IN CROATIA AND THEPOSSIBILITIES OF THEIR CONTROLT. MILIČEVIĆ, S. TOPOLOVEC-PINTARIĆ, B. CVJETKOVIĆ, B. DURALIJAFacultyof Agriculture, University of Zagreb, CroatiaBased on eight-years monitoring, ecconomically important leaf diseases of strawberry inCroatia are leaf spot (Mycosphaerella fragariae), leaf scorch (Diplocarpon earliana), leafblotch (Gnomonia comari) and leaf blight (Phomopsis obscurans). To evaluate sensitivityof today's most widespread cultivars in Croatia (Miranda, Elsanta, Marmolada, Maya,Miss, Madeleine and Raurica) to mentioned leaf diseaases, disease severity wasmonitored and evaluated during two-years tials. On sensitive cultivars efficacy offungicides was tested. Cultivars showed different levels of sensitivity to leaf diseases.Among fungicides, Folicur multi 50 was the most efficient in control of both leaf spot andlaef scorch, followed by Kidan SC and Quadris.Presented on:V. INTERNATIONAL STRAWBERRY SYMPOSIUMQueensland, Australia, 5. - 10. September 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Bogdan CvjetkovićProject No. 0178042462
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 446IN VITRO EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF THEVOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM Satureja montana L.Miloš, Mladen; Radonić, AniFaculty of Chemical Technology, University of Split, CroatiaWidely used artificial antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxytoluene and butylatedhydroxyanisole are very effective in their role as antioxidants (Madsen et al. 1995).However, their use in food products has been failing off due to their instability, as well asdue to a suspected action as promoters of carcinogenesis (Namiki 1990, Pokorny 1991).For this reason, there is a growing interest in the studies of natural additives as potentialantioxidants. The antioxidant properties of many aromatic herbs are reported to beeffective in this role mainly due to the presence of hydroxyl groups in their phenoliccompounds (Herrmann et al. 1981, Brraco et al. 1981, Kramer, 1985). Savory (Saturejamontana L.) is an aromatic plant growing wild in the Mediterranean region of Croatia.With regard to the presence of phenolic compounds in its essential oil, savory is known topossess some biological, especially antibacterial, activity. As a part of an investigation ofnatural antioxidants from Dalmatian aromatic plants, in this paper we report the detailedstudy of chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the savory volatile compounds inorder to find the fraction or component with the highest protection against lipid oxidation.The analyses of the total essential oil, as well as of its fractions, were made by capillarygas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (Hewlett-Packard GC/MS system).The evaluation of antioxidant ; -carotene bleaching method (Pratt,bpower was performedin vitro by the 1980). The antioxidant activity of volatile compounds from Saturejamontana L. was compared with that of pure compounds. Antioxidant power decreased inthe order BHT > ; -tocopherola > CHO fraction > total essential oil > phenolic fraction >thymol > carvacrol > CH fraction. The CHO fraction was more potent than total essentialoil and other fractions, but less effective than synthetic reference standard BHT andcomparable in activity with natural ; -tocopherol. The fact that CHO fraction was moreeffective asaantioxidant antioxidant than phenolic fraction or its pure constituents thymoland carvacrol suggests that synergy among minor oxygen containing compounds plays acrucial role for antioxidant power of the savory essential oil. Also, the concentration of theoil influenced its antioxidant power, too. The control sample without addition ofantioxidant oxidised most rapidly and descending bleaching rates were demonstrated forthe increased concentration.Presented on:33rd International Symposium on Essential OilsLisboa, Portugal, 04-07.09.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Mladen MilošProject No. 0011003463
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 447FLAVONOLS AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY CHANGES OFBROCCOLI AND ONION AS AFFECTED BY DRYING PROCESSV. Mrkic, E. Cocci, M. Dalla Rosa, G. SacchettiFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaFlavonols and other antioxidant compounds in vegetables recently have been of a greatinterest due to their positive effect on human health. Dried vegetables are used widely asa part of various food products (e.g. flavoring blends, ready-to-serve meals).We have been investigating the influence of different drying conditions (temperature andair velocity) on flavonols and antioxidant capacity of broccoli and onion. Dryingexperiments were carried out in a pilot plant drier with suction flow. Quercetin andkaempferol were determined by HPLC with UV-Diode Array detection and antioxidantactivity of vegetable extracts was measured using free radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH˙).In all cases a loss of components of interest was noticed but the remaining content wasstill sufficient. Statistical analysis showed that temperature and air velocity had differentinfluence on the flavonol content and vegetable antioxidant capacity. Diverse effects ineach vegetable there had been noticed too. Quercetin and kaempferol were effecteddifferently by the drying parameters.Presented on:9th European Nutrition ConferenceRome, Italy, October 1-4, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007464
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 448INFLUENCE OF DRYING CONDITIONS ON FLAVONOID ANDGLUCOSINOLATE CONTENT OF VEGETABLES: ANTIOXIDANTDETERMINATION IN FRESH AND DRIED BROCCOLI,CAULIFLOWER AND ONIONV. Mrkic, E. Cocci, G. Sacchetti, M. Dalla RosaFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaFlavonoids and glucosinolates have been intensively studied because of their healthbenefical properties. During thermal treatments these compounds can be loss orundergone to degradation reactions resulting in a change of antioxidative properties.Appropriate drying process conditions could preserve them, so that ready-to-use driedvegetables like broccoli, cauliflower and onion pieces or ring may be a good dietarysource of flavonoids and glucosinolates. Determination of these compunds with HPLCand UV detection was performed and the total antioxidant activity assessment by using2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) was carried out. Vegetables were dried in a pilotplant dryer (Sandvik Process System, Milano, Italy) with hot air suction flow usingdifferent drying conditions, changing temperature and air velocity. Obtained resultsshowed that in all cases a loss of compounds of interest was found and consenquently areduction of the antioxidant capacity was detected. Nevertheless, remaining content ofthese phytochemicals, depending on process conditions, seems to be sufficient to retaininteresting functional properties of dried vegetables.Presented on:CEFood Congress, 1 st Central European Congress on Food and Nutrition, 2 nd SlovenianCongress on Food and NutritionLjubljana, Slovenia, September 22-25, 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007465
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 449SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS OF SELECTED CROATIAN HONEYSNedić Tiban, N.; Kopjar, M.; Babić, J.; Kenjerić, D..Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaIn this study, honey samples of known botanical origin from different regions of Croatiawere investigated. The rheological properties and colour of four typpes of honey fromacacia, chestnut, lime and sage were examined for their potential use as character<strong>iz</strong>ationparameters. The rheological measurements of honey samples were carried out onrotational viscosimeter over a range of temperatures (5-40°C). The viscocity wasmeasured as a function of the shear rate. For all examined data, Newton´s law ofviscosity was found to adequately describe the flow behaviour of honey samples. Thetemperature effect on the viscosity followed an Arrhenius-type relationship. Colour wasestimated by trismulus colorimeter CR 300, in CIE L*a*b, LCh° and Hunter scale.Statistical analysis of three-colour systems has shown significant difference betweenselected types of honey.Presented on:2 nd Central European Congress on Food,Budampest, Hungary, 26-28.04. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003466
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 450GENOTOXIC PROPERIES OF COAGULANT DEVELOPED BY USINGRED MUD AND WASTE BASE AS A RAW MATERIALSOreščanin V 1 .; K. Durgo 2 ; V. Garaj Vrhovac 3 ; J. Franekić Čolić 21Analysis&Control Technologies, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia2Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Zagreb, Croatia3 Unit of Mutagenesis, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb,CroatiaWater extracts of the coagulant produced from red mud and waste base, and the wastemud remaining after waste water treatment by this new product, were studied in order toconfirm its non-toxicity, prior to commercial production and usage and also to discoversafe wasy for the handling and disposal of the remaining waste material. For the toxicityinvestigation, the determination of frequency of the cell survival, Ames assay,micronucleus assay and cell proliferation (expressed as mitotic index) were used. Thesame techniques were employed for the toxicity testing of the different concentrations ofmetal salts (zinc and lead nitrate) because these two elements were present in the highamounts in waste water treated with new coagulant. Two strains of Salmonellatyphimurium, TA98 and TA100, were used for cytotoxicity assay and Ames assay, whilecytogenetic investigations were performed on human peripheral blood lymphocytes.Water extracts of the coagulant and its waste mud were not cytotoxic or mutagenic forbacterial strains in presence/absence of metabolic activator. Negative results wereobtained when cytogenetic assays were conducted. Lead nitrate was not cytotoxic onbacterial strains in the concentration range of 1-100 mg/mL, while zinc nitrate wascytotoxic at concentrations higher than 25 mg/mL. The results of Ames assay for nontoxicconcentrations of these metals were negative. The number of micronuclei wassignificantly increased after the treatment lymphocytes in whole blood with 100 mg/mL ofzinc nitrate, as well as 10 and 100 mg/mL of lead nitrate. Linear dose-dependentincreases were obtained for both salts. Simila results were found on the basis of mitoticindex.Presented on:5 th Congress of Toxicology in Developing CountriesGuilin, China, November, 10-13 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jasna Franekić-ČolićProject No. 0058013467
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 451DISTRIBUTION OF HAPLOTYPES OF COMMON OAK (Quercusrobur) IN CROATIAPapeš, Dražena; Petit, Remy; Lesur, Isabel; Gračan, Joso; Slade, DankoForest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, CroatiaThe investigation was based on geographic distribution of haplotypes of oak chloroplastDNA (ct DNA) on species from Quercus sensu stricto group with particular stress oncommon oak (Q. robur L.) in Croatia. Study of the Croatian populations was a part ofwide European investigation in frame of FAIR OAK project. In Croatia, five haplotipes (2,5, 6, 7, 17) of ct DNA were found. Our results showed that all oak species from Quercussensu stricto group shared the same haplotypes wich could be a consequence of thehybridisation events that have occured more frequent in the past than today.Presented on:X OPTIMA MeetingPalermo, Italy, 13-19.09.2001Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Joso GračanProject No. 0024001468
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 452DIETARY FIBRE NUTRITION OF CARDIOVASCULAR PATIENTSPerl, A.; Adam Perl, M.; Mandić, M.L.; Kenjerić, D.; Mandić, M..Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaThe aim of this work was to determine whether cardiovascular patients have asatisfactory intake of dietary fibre (DF). Thirty three patients (22 women and 11 men,average age 49.8 yr) took part in the investigation carried out in April and May 2002. Acontrol group consisted of 37 subjects (28 women and 9 men, average age 47.7 yr). DFintakes were calculated from the collected FFQs. The patients had a significantly higherDF intake (g/day ; soluble dietary fibre p
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 453EATING PATTERNS AND OBESITY IN CROATIAN ADULTSPerl, A.; Mandić, M.L.; Adam Perl, M.; Primorac, Lj.; Kenjerić, D.Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaAims: To character<strong>iz</strong>e eating patterns in relation to obesity in Croatian adults and toinvestigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) of subjects and their foodand energy intake. Methods: Forty-five volunteers participated in the study, of which 18were overweight (BMI 27.0 kg/m2 ; aged 22-51 y), and 27 normal weight subjects (BMI21.8 kg/m2 ; aged 23-52 y). A method of 7-day weighed dietary records was used.Results: There was no difference in meal frequency between overweight and normalweight subjects (4.4 vs 4.3 meals/day). A relatively small percentage of subjects wereclassified as breakfast skippers (17 % in overweight and 11 % in normal weight group).The two weight status groups differed in meal pattern across the day. The overweightsubjects consumed a somewhat greater number of meals later in the day. The mostsubstantial meal in both groups was the lunch. Although the difference did not reachstatistical significance, the overweight subjects had a slightly higher energy intakecompared to normal weight subjects (2009 vs 1871 kcal/d). The overweight group alsohad higher intakes of all food groups except fats and oils as well as sugar and sweets butthe difference was only statistically significant for meat (p
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 454COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF CRUDEAND DIETARY FIBREPerl, A.; Primorac, Lj.; Kenjerić, D.Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaThe term fibre represents a variety of carbohydrates that are not digested, absorbed orused by the body either for fuel or for building body tissue. The definition of fibre can beconfusing. For years the major information available about food fibre was the crude fibre(CF) content, that is, the residue remaining after the food sample was treated with thesolvent, boiling acid and boiling alkali. The CF content is usually much smaller than theactual fibre content of the food. Dietary fibre (DF) is the term used to describe the totalfibre content of the food. DF is the storage and cell wall polysaccharides of plants thatcannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes or absorbed by the gastrointestinaltract. Part of it, however, may be metabolised by bacteria in the lower gut. CF valuesunderestimate the level of true DF in the diet. Sometimes there is confusion as to thedifference between these two values. The aim of this work was to compare the methodsof CF and DF analysis and to determine the difference between the two values. CF andDF, in duplicated daily meals, were analysed by the Weende method and by theenzymatic-gravimetric method respectively.Presented on:4 th International Conference of PhD Students,Miskolc, Hungary 11-17.08. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003471
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 455SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN DAILY DIETARY FIBER INTAKEPerl, A.; Primorac, Lj.; Mandić, M.L.; Klapec, T.; Kenjerić, D.Faculty of Food Technology, Osijek, CroatiaThe aim of present study was to estimate the influence of season on daily dietary fiberintake in Croatia. This was achieved by establishing the daily intake of foods which aremajor contributors to dietary fiber intake. The investigation was performed over twoseparate representative periods (winter period: February-March and summer period:August-September) in a sample of 24 adults from the eastern part of the country. Theconsumption of selected foods, as well as the intake of dietary fiber, were estimatedusing a 7-day food record and a computer database. The used data on dietary fibercontent of foods were taken from food composition tables by Souci et al. (1989). Duringthe surveyed summer period subjects consumed almost twice the amount of fruit andvegetables compared to the winter period. Consequently, the mean intakes of totaldietary fiber were 20.5 g/day in summer, and 15.3 g/day in winter (p
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 456BEETLE FAUNA CAPTURED IN TRAPS BAITED WITH Tomicuspiniperda PHEROMONE BLENDS IN A PINE STAND IN CENTRALCROATIAPernek, M.; B. Hrašovec; M. ŽupanićForest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, CroatiaDuring field evaluations of pheromone blends used for monitoring Tomicus piniperdabeetles, many non-target beetles were captured and identified. Five pheromone blends,plus commercially available TOMODOR were used in two different traps: the IPM TechIntercept PTBB and the THEYSOHN intercept barrier trap. In addition to Tomicus barkbeetles we trapped 3,469 other Coleoptera in three of the 10 replications that represented53 species distributed among 27 families. Most numerous were representatives ofStaphyllinidae, Elateridae, Cleridae and Rh<strong>iz</strong>ophagidae. Temporal distribution of the mostimportant predatory species as well as their responsiveness to pheromone blends ispresented. The results are discussed in terms of interspecies chemical communicationand few practical aspects relevant for the potential use in Tomicus monitoring orsuppression activities.Presented on:Ecology, Survey and Management of Forest Insects.Kraków, Poland, September 1-5, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Stevo OrlićProject No. 0024002473
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 457SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF GROUNDWATER REGIME IN LOWLANDFOREST AREAS IN CROATIA USING GRASS GISPilaš Ivan, Vrbek BorisForest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, CroatiaThe main ecological factor, which determines the lowland i.e. floodplain forestecosystems is the abundance of soil water. High groundwater tables and the groundwaterregime on these sites have a key role in maintaining sufficiently high soil water content.Recent climate and anthropogenic changes in the water regime have had a stronginfluence on the stability of these ecosystems which have become more vulnerable inrespect to other abiotic and biotic factors. Decreasing groundwater tables due to globalclimate changes and local hydrotechnical activities reflect on the productivity of theseforests. This was the main reason that foresters established long-term groundwatermonitoring studies so as to obtain a deeper knowledge of these issues. The monitoring ofgroundwater levels has been established in main forest complexes where measurementshave been taken at a large number of piezometric stations on a weekly basis. Up to thepresent, series of data have been collected for more than a decade. In this paper theresults and analysis of collected groundwater monitoring data from different forestcomplexes; Kupcina, Česma and Našice area will be presented. Enhancements of dataanalysis using GIS and geostatistics will be presented mostly in terms of:1. Analysing differences in the groundwater regimes between these forestcomplexses2. Analysing the spatial influence of seasonal drought on groundwater tables3. A spatio-temporal analysis of groundwater decreaseThe differences in the groundwater regimes in these forest areas are linked to theirposition either in the pluviothermic regime of Sava River catchment or glacial regime ofDrava River catchment. Spatial analysis of the groundwater series was made usingGRASS (Geographical Resources Analysis Support System), IDW (Inverse distanceweighted average), interpolation and geostatstical analysis and predictions by thegeostatistical program Gstat based on Linux.Presented on:EUROSOIL 2004Freiburg, Germany, 04 - 12 SeptemberPrincipal Investigator : Dr.sc. Stevo OrlićProject No. 0024002474
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 458STABILISATION OF APRICOT JUICE BY MEANS OF HIGHPRESSURE TREATMENTSPiližota, Vlasta 1 ; Palmieri, Luigi 2 ; Villari, Gerardo 2 ; Dunaj, Alemka 3 ;Babić, Jurislav 1 ; Nedić Tiban, Nela 1 ; Kopjar, Mirela 11 Faculty of Food Technology, University of J.J. Strossmayer in Osijek, Croatia2 Stazione Sperimentale per l’Industria dele Conserve Alimentari, Angri (SA), Italy3 Podravka Food Industry d.d, Koprivnica, CroatiaHigh-pressure treatments are receiving a great deal of attention for themicrobiological stabilisation of different food products such as fruit juices andnectars, jams, fresh-cut fruits, and sauces with reduced water activity.In this work, the physico-chemical effects of the high-pressure treatment (HPT) andanti-microbial potential on apricot puree samples were evaluated.Samples of apricot puree (earlier produced in pilot plant) without and with enzymes(pectinesterase, pectinliase, polygalacturonase) were prepared in laboratoryconditions.The apricot nectars were treated at 90 °C and after a hot filling in glass bottles,maintained for 5 minutes in boiling water. After pasteurisation the samples werecooled, filled in plastic bags (approx. 1000 g) and frozen at - 20 °C.Research on HPT of apricot juice, processed from apricot fruit, variety S. Castrese,without and with enzymes, was performed at hydrostatic pressure of 400 and 700MPa, and at temperatures of 20 °C and 50 °C, for 60, 150, and 300 seconds.Results of microbiological analysis showed that no samples contained Salmonella,entherobacteria or coliforms before or after HP treatments. The explanation for thatcan be that low pH (in apricot samples before HPT was between 3.40-3.60, and inHPT samples pH was between 3.22-3.68) did not support the outgrowth of anyspores present. HPT apricot juices retained fresh-like flavour and appearance(colour), as well as rheological properties (data not shown).In any of HP treated apricot juice samples polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity was notdetermined, which means that all HP treatments inactivated enzymes (data notshown).Presented on:EFFoST 2004-Food Innovations for an Expanding EuropeWarsaw, Poland, 27.-29. 10. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vlasta PiližotaProject No. 0113001475
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 459MODELLING OF DRYING AND REHYDRATION OF CARROTS USINGPELEG’S MODELM. Planinić, D. Velić, S. Tomas, M. Bilić, A. BucićFaculty of Food Technology, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, CroatiaThe drying and rehydration process of conventionally and organically cultivated carrotswas studied and the resulting data were fitted to Peleg’s model. Carrots were fluid-bedand halogen dried at 60, 70, 80, 90 °C and after that soaked in water at roomtemperature during 120 minutes. The Peleg’s model gave a good prediction of waterremoval and water uptake in all the experiments (R > 0,994).During drying process the Peleg rate constant (K 1 ) was affected by the temperature. K 1values decreased with the increase of the drying temperature. This relation was linear forfluid bed drying and exponential for halogen drying, which implies the higher impact ofdrying temperature on the dehydration kinetics during the halogen drying. The lower K 1values for fluid bed drying suggest the higher initial drying rates in comparison withhalogen drying at all drying temperatures. The temperature dependence of 1/K 1 followedan Arrhenius-type relationship.Both Peleg’s rehydration constants (K 1 and K 2 ) increased with the increase of the dryingtemperature. This implies regular decrease in initial rehydration rate and water uptakewith the increase of the drying temperature.Presented on:EFFoST 2004 CONFERENCE – FOOD INNOVATIONS FOR AN EXPANDING EUROPEWarsaw, Poland, 26-29 October 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Srećko TomasProject No. 0113005476
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 460RESPONSE OF POTATO CULTIVARS (Solanum tuberosum L.) TONITROGEN FERTILIZATIONMilan Poljak, Mirjana Ćustić, Tomislav Ćosić, Martina LjubičićFaculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, CraotiaNitrogen fertil<strong>iz</strong>ation is often required for maximum potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)production. Nitrogen, along with potassium, is well known for its influence on potato tuberyield and quality. The goal of this study was to evaluate the responses of potato cultivarsto different nitrogen rates in three different agroecological areas of Croatia, where potatois grown for consumer consumption and for processing industry. Two-factor experimentswith five nitrogen dozes (0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N/ha) combined with three potatocultivars (cv. Victoria, cv. Red star and cv. Remarka) were conducted in three replicationsduring 2000 and 2001 at three locations (Brinje, Slovinska Kovačica and Belica). Nosignificant differences in potato tuber yields were recorded between cultivars at the Brinjelocation. In contrast, the highest tuber yield of the Victoria cultivar was produced both atBelica and at Kovačica locations (47.2 and 38.3 t/ha, resp.). As regards productivity, theorder of potato cultivars from all three locations is: Victoria>Remarka>Red star. Nitrogenfertil<strong>iz</strong>ation influenced an increase of the potato tuber yield compared to 0 kg N/ha, withthe exception of the Belica location. The cultivar x fertil<strong>iz</strong>ation interaction had nostatistically significant effect on the yield, yield quality or yield components. Participationof large tubers (>55 mm), dry matter content, starch content and specific gravity varied independence on the cultivar. As regards the tuber specific gravity, the order of potatocultivars from all three locations is: Red star>Victoria>Remarka. Nitrogen fertil<strong>iz</strong>ation hada significant influence on the increase of the tuber specific gravity and starch percent onlyat the Brinje location, whereas a diminishing trend was recorded at the other twolocations.Presented on:XXVIth International Horticultural Congress & Exhibition (IHC2002).Metro Toronto Convention Centre, Canada, August 11-17, 2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milan PoljakProject No. 0178002477
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 461POTATO QUALITY AS AFFECTED BY VARYING RATES OFAPPLIED NITROGENM. Poljak, M. Ljubičić, M. Ćustić, T. Ćosić, I. ButuracFaculty of agriculture University of Zagreb, CroatiaIntroduction The potato crop responds well to optimum levels of fertil<strong>iz</strong>ation both interms of yield and quality. Inadequate N can drastically reduce yields. An excessivesupply of N can stimulate excessive foliar growth, leading to delayed tuber maturity, lowerspecific gravity, increased nitrate concentration and decreased tuber quality. Nitrogeninputs need to be carefully controlled to maxim<strong>iz</strong>ed tuber yield and quality.Material and methods This study with three cultivars Victoria, Red Star and Remarkawas conducted at the private farm in the Slovinska Kovačica, a one of major regions forpotato production in Croatia. The cultivars were planted on April-May in 2000-2002. Seeds<strong>iz</strong>e was approximately 28-35 mm and row width and plant spacing within-row were 36inches and 12 inches, respectively. Applied nitrogen rates were 100, 150, 200, and 250kg per hectare as well as control without nitrogen application. Nitrogen was split over twoapplications. Insect and disease control was provided through foliar applications asneeded. The design was a split plot design with cultivar as the main plot and nitrogentreatment as the sub-plot. There were three replications. The middle two rows of eachplot were harvested on September, and graded into 3 s<strong>iz</strong>e classes. Specific gravity wascalculated after determining the weight in air and weight in water.Results and conclusionsTotal tuber yield generally increased by the N rate up to 250 kg N/ha. The soil Napplication gave higher yield than the zero N. The increase in yield was due to theincrease in the s<strong>iz</strong>e of the tubers (r=0,44*). The specific gravity was not changed with theN rate. In three years of investigation Victoria shows best yield. Tuber N concentration atharvest ranged from 1,62-1,79 %. Nitrogen rates of 250 kg N/ha maxim<strong>iz</strong>ed dry matterproduction. Tuber nitrate nitrogen were lower than control at nitrogen rate higher than 150kg/ha. This results indicate that acceptable tuber yield can be obtained with lower Nrates.Presented on:ISHS Symposium “Towards Ecologically Sound Fertilisation Strategies for FieldVegetable Production.”Perugia, Italy, 7-10 June 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milan PoljakProject No. 0178002478
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 462YIELD AND QUALITY OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN ALFALFAGERMPLASMPopović, S.; Grljušić Sonja; Čupić, T.; Tucak MarijanaAgricultural Institute, Osijek, CroatiaThe objective of the study was to analyse several morphological and economic traits of16 domestic and foreign alfalfa germplasms due to valued germplasms as gene donors inbreeding. The trail included four Bulgarian cultivars (Viktoria, Prista 2, Prista 3 and Prista4), four Czech cultivars (Jitka, Jarka, Niva and Viktoria), four Rumanian cultivars (Granat,Magma, Sigma and Topaz), one Italian cultivar (Classe), one Croatian cultivar (Osjecka88) and two newly created Croatian breeding populations (Os-L XXVIII and PCP).Investigation has been carried out in second and third years of vegetation over 11 cuts.The experimental design was RCB with four replicates. Plot s<strong>iz</strong>e was 5 m 2 . Data of plantheight, green mass yield, dry mater and protein contents and yields were statisticallycomputed by MSTAT-C program.Green mass yield significantly (p=0,01) varied from 176,3 tha -1 to 206,4 tha -1 . Significantdifferences were found in yield of proteins (yields ranged from 7,37 to 9,59 tha -1 ) andprotein content in absolute dry matter (19,10 to 22,96%). Dry matter yield (37,41 - 42,78tha -1 ) and plant height (57,56-74,06 cm) differences were statistically insignificant.Investigated germplasms have shown high adaptability to soil and climatic conditions ofEastern Croatia independently to origin and used breeding method. Plants with superiorweighed scores should be selected and used as gene donors.Presented on:25 th EUCARPIA Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses Section Meeting and 15 thEUCARPIA Medicago spp. Group MeetingBrno, Czech Republic, September 1 st – September 4 th , 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Svetislav PopovićProject No. 0073007479
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 463INHIBITION EFFICIENCY OF CABBAGE GLUCOSINOLATESEXTRACTS ON TIN CORROSIONIvana Radojčić, Katarina Berković, Karmela Delonga, Jasna Vorkapić-FuračFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe standard ambalage materials used in food industry are tin, tinplate andaluminium. They are often exposed to the corrosion process due to the nature offood, type of organic coating as well as the presence of corrosion activators.Some natural compounds, being constituents of fruit and vegetables, act asinhibitors of corrosion. Thioglucosides glucosinolates could be ideal corrosioninhibitors, because they are widely distributed in cruciferous vegetables used ineveryday human diet, they are water-soluble and ecologically acceptablecompounds, and they exert some beneficial effects on human health.The aim of this work was to determine the values of tin corrosion parameters(corrosion current, corrosion potential and polarisation resistance) to calculate theinhibiting efficiency of cabbage glucosinolates extracts on the corrosion of tin in 3 %sodium chloride solution. The investigations involved electrochemical methods.The results obtained showed, that cabbage glucosinolates extracts in all theconcentrations examined, exhibited inhibiting efficiency ranging from 45 % to 82 %.The high inhibiting efficiency values indicate the necessity of further investigations byuse of some other methods in order to clarify the mechanisms of inhibition as well aspossible application of these harmless, naturally occurring compounds in foodindustry.Presented on:Euro Food Chem XIIBrugge, Belgium, 24.-26. September, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jasna Vorkapić FuračProject No. 0058024480
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 464DETERMINATION OF POLYPHENOLS AND METHYLXANTINNES INCHOCOLATES PRODUCED IN CROATIA BY UV/VIS AND HPLCIvana Radojčić 1 , Karmela Delonga 1 , Marija Carić 2 , Dijana Kujundžić 2 , JasnaVorkapić-Furač 11) Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia2) Kraš, Food Industry, Zagreb, CroatiaThe benefits of chocolate have been recogn<strong>iz</strong>ed due to the presence of polyphenols [(-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin and procyanidins] and methylxanthines (theobromine andcaffeine), biologically active compounds. Polyphenols show the antioxidant capabilitieshigher than some fruit and vegetables and have protection effect against cardiovasculardiseases, and possibly cancer. Therefore, the exact nature and amounts of flavonoids incommercially available chocolates should be known.The common methods for estimating their total content are colorimetric measurements,for radical scavenging capabilities the measurement with DPPH, while the identification ofindividual polyphenols and methylxanthines can be done by high performance liquidchromatography (HPLC).The objective of our study was determination of total amounts of polyphenols andmethylxanthines in dark and milk chocolates on the Croatian market by UV/VISspectrometry and HPLC.The total amounts of polyphenols were obtained by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and theirrange was 2.94-8.81 mg g -1 chocolate, depending on amount of cocoa liquor. Thechocolates with a higher content of cocoa liquor showed higher content of totalpolyphenols and procyanidins. Radical scavenging measurements with DPPH exertedstrong dependence on the content of cocoa liquor, too.In all the chocolate samples the estimated content of (-)-epicatechin (0.206-0.524 mg g -1chocolate) was higher than that of (+)-catechin (0.078-0.216 mg g -1 chocolate).The procyanidins were identified by UV-DAD as well as some other polyphenoliccompounds.The predominating compounds in acetone extracts analyzed by HPLC were theobromine(5.12-14.22 mg g -1 chocolate) and caffeine (0.328-1.15 mg g -1 chocolate) makingchromatographic separation of other compounds especially difficult.Presented on:9 th European Nutrition ConferenceRome, Italy, 01.-04. October, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jasna Vorkapić FuračProject No. 0058024481
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 465THE ANALYSIS OF BORECOLE GLUCOSINOLATES AND THEIRBREAKDOWN PRODUCTS BY HPLC WITH UV DIODE ARRAY ANDFL DETECTIONI. Radojčić; K. Kovačević-Ganić; K. Delonga; J. Vorkapić-FuračFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology University of Zagreb, CroatiaBorecole (Brassica oleracea var acephala L.) belongs to cruciferous vegetables and iscommonly consumed in Dalmatia, the southern region of Croatia. The popularity of thisvegetable is due to its flavor, while at the present time, borecole is primarily appreciatedby man because of knowledge that it contains some beneficial compounds, especiallyglucosinolates (GSL), degradation products of which have shown to protect against thedevelopment of some kinds of tumors and cancer. The active GSL breakdown productsmay be the results of various degradation processes: enzymatic, chemical, and thermal(1).The aim of this work was to analyze the composition of borecole glucosinolates and theirbreakdown products obtained by borecole processing in the conditions similar to thosepresent during digestion, what means the acidic conditions of stomach and neutralconditions in small intestine in the presence of hydrolytic enzyme myrosinase.The analyses were performed by combination of UV Diode Array and fluorescent (FL)detection linked to a RP-LC separation system.Three samples of fresh borecole (I, II and III) were purchased from local market toestimate the composition of GSL by RP-LC of desulphoglucosinolates (DSGSL) (2,3).One sample (I) was cooked for 20 minutes and treated with acid (0.05 M HCl) andhydrolyzed with exogenous myrosinase (pH 7.0), respectively. The hydrolysis productswere analysed by RP-LC (4). All the indole compounds were identified by UV- and FLdetection,while three major degradation compounds of glucobrassicin (GBS) wereidentified by usage of external standard as indole-3-carbinol (I3C), indole-3-actonitrile(I3CN), and 3,3´-diindolylmethane (DIM).On the chromatograms of DSGSL of all the borecole samples the most evident peaks arethose of desulphated indole glucosinolates GBS, 4-hydroxy-GBS, 4-methoxy-GBS andneoGBS, with predominant content of GBS. In two samples (II and III) the traces ofaliphatic glucosinolates sinigrin (SIN), glucoiberin (GBI), and glucoraphanin (GRA) wereidentified, too. The identification of the peaks was done according to the elution orderfrom the column (ISO method) and UV-spectraBy cooking borecole looses about 30 % - 32 % of total GSL, while among the remainingGSL predominates GBS (71.58 % of total), the most widespread indole glucosinolate inBrassica oleracea vegetables type, which is involved, via its breakdown products, ininhibition of chemically induced carcinogenesis (5).Chromatograms of the indole breakdown products of cooked borecole GSL, formedduring acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis, are presented in Figure 1. It was possible todistinguish between aromatic and aliphatic structures by fluorescence detection besidesUV-detection, because only indole compounds possess native fluorescence.Several small and two dominant peaks (R t = 30.10 and 38.26 min), both representingindole structure, are evident in chromatogram of borecole breakdown products in acidicmedium. The peaks were identified as I3CN and DIM accompanied by unidentified indolecompound of smaller polarity. The major indole compound was I3CN. Enzymatic482
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.breakdown of GBS under myrosinase action gave rise to compounds identified as I3C,I3CN, and DIM, the predominant one being I3CN.By usage of RP-LC linked to UV Diode Array and fluorescence detection it was possibleto separate and identify borecole glucosinolates having various structures (aliphatic withsulphur in side chain, alkenyl, and heteroaromatic - indoles) and their breakdownproducts with different spectroscopic properties.5. Preobrazhenskaya M.N., Korolev A.M., Russian J. Bioorg. Chem. 26 (2000) 85–97.Presented on:Eighth International Symposium on Hyphenated Techniques in ChromatographyandHyphenated Chromatographic Analyzers (HTC-8),Brugge, Belgium, 04.-06. February, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jasna Vorkapić FuračProject No. 0058024483
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 466BIOACTIVE DEGRADATION PRODUCTS OF GLUCOSINOLATES ASANTIBACTERIAL AGENTSI. Radojčić 1 ; H. Pavlović 2 ; K. Delonga 1 ; S. Kovač 2 ; J. Vorkapić-Furač 11) Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia2) Faculty of Food Technology, University of J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, CroatiaPlant-derived allelochemicals as those produced by glucosinolates hydrolysis ofcruciferous vegetables have been studied as natural plant protective agents and potentialalternative biocidal compounds for postharvest fruit and minimally processed foodstorage. Glucosinolates hydrolyzed by myrosinase produce a variety of bioactivecompounds some of them being potential protecting substances against microbialdeterioration of food.The samples in this study were three standards of indoles: indole-3-carbinol, indole-3-acetonitrile and 3,3`-diindolylmethane (degradation products of glucosinolateglucobrassicin), allyl isothiocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate (degradation products ofglucosinolates sinigrin and gluconasturtiin), and hydrolysis products of horseradish rootglucosinolates (isolated from the autolysis products by steam destillation). The destillatewas analysed by HPLC.The data obtained confirmed that the predominant compounds in horseradish destillatewere allyl isothiocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate, respectively.All the samples were tested for the antibacterial activity against: Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcenses and Proteus mirabilis, the microorganismswhich produce powerful toxins or are pathogens themselves. They can cause severeillness being involved in food poisoning.The results of assays didn’t proved the antibacterial activity of indole compounds againstProteus mirabilis only, while isothiocyanates (allyl isothiocyanate, phenyl isothiocyanate),and especially those present in horseradish root destillate, showed extremely highantibacterial activity in accordance to the concentrations used.The data obtained suggest the need for further studies to verify cruciferous vegetablesproducts as food preservativesPresented on:2nd Central European Congress on FoodBudapest, Hungary, 26.-28. April, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Jasna Vorkapić FuračProject No. 0058024Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003484
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 467THE EFFECT OF PROTEIN GROWTH FACTOR ON THEPROLIFERATION OF CONTINUOUS CELL LINES AND PRIMARYCELL CULTURESKristina Radošević, Višnja Gaurina Srček, Jasna Kniewald, Zlatko KniewaldFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, CroatiaCell culture systems offer possibilities to screen effects of compounds like hormones,growth factors and drugs in controlled way and under a wide variety of environmentalconditions.Proliferation of animal cells in a culture is under control of exogenous growth factors thatare mostly present in a serum. Some of the growth factors are specific for particular typeof cells, while others are less specific and have effects on many cell types. Recentlythose polypeptide molecules are also recognised as physiological regulators and now areconsidered to play a substantial role in the development, tissue remodelling, tissue repairand response to injury, haematopoiesis and tumorigenesis.It was demonstrated that the serum could be reduced or omitted without apparent cellularadaptation if appropriate nutritional and hormonal modifications are made to the medium,so nowadays biotechnology is more and more based on use of the serum-free medium.In our recent work, we have found out that the addition of the protein growth factor (PGF),isolated from swine brain, obtained by our own laboratory, can significantly reduce a needfor serum during the cultivation of the cell line BHK21 C13 and at the same time enhancea cell proliferation. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine influence of the PGFon the cell proliferation of the cell line CHO K1 and primary cell culture from the rat’sovary.Presented on:"PharmaBioTec Europe", symposium of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyTrieste, Italy, 25. - 28. April 2004.Principal investigator : Dr.sc. Zlatko KniewaldProject No. 0058001485
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 468CONTROL OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES (Meloidogyne spp.) INPAPPERRaspudić, E.; Ivezić, M.; Brmež, M.Root-knot nematodes of genus Meloidogyne are the most important nematode pests invegetables, present on more than 2500 different plant species widely. Production ofvegetables in polythene greenhouses in Croatian county of Baranya increasingcontinuously as well as number of producers. In polythene greenhouses in Lug(Baranya), on 80m 2 , in 2000 year, the symptoms of root-knot nematodes were noticed onpepper. Nematodes were extracted from the soil samples by «bottle technique»(Seinhorst, 1956). Soil was sampled also in 2001 before planting. Number ofMeloidogyne species recorded was 601 individuals/100 ccm of soil, and it was decided toapplicate nematocide Basamid granulat G (dazomet) in dosage of 60 g/m 2 . Basamidwere incorporated into soil on 26 of March and covered by plastic sheet until 24 of April.After removing the plastic sheet the soil was well aired, and «Kresse test» of phytotoxicityshowed negative results. Number of Meloidogyne before planting the paper was 40individuals/100 ccm of soil. After a month there wasn’t any root- knot nematode noticed inthe soil samples, and at the end of the season it was estimated again 18 individuals/100ccm of soil. Incorporation of Basamid into the soil reduced the population of root-knotnematodes by 93%.Presented on:Ninth International Helminthological SymposiumStara Lesna, High Tatras, Slovak Republic, 9-13 June, 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija IvezićProject No. 0079024486
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 469EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) TUNNELING OSCORN HYBRIDSRaspudić, E.; Ivezić, M.; Brmež, M.Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, CroatiaSelection of OS corn hybrids has tradition of more than 120 years. Many valuablematerial has create and today is sown on vide areas in Croatia. European Corn Borer(Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) is one of the major pests of corn. The aim of this study was toevaluate the tolerance of some OS hybrids against this pest. Field trials were conductedduring three years (1999-2001) on two localities. Five OS corn hybrids were evaluated:OSSK 247; OSSK 332; OSSK 444; OSSK 552 and OSSK 644. Dissection of corn stalkwas done during harvest period. Intensity of attack of ECB (%) was determined, as wellas position and length of damage (cm/plant), and grain yield (t/ha). Average intensity ofattack caused by ECB during three years of investigation was 34,2%. The lowest attackintensity were determined in 2000 with the average of 9,6%, and the greatest was in 2001with the average value of 60,9%. Length of damages on corn stalk was least in 2000when average damage was 0,48 cm/plant, while in 2001 year, 5,46 cm/plant weredamaged. In 1999 when attack intensity was 34,2%, the length of damage on the stalkwas 0,95 cm/plant. The greatest length of damage on hybrids were recorded in 2001,when hybrid OSSK 444 has damage of 16,62 cm/plant, OSSK 552 has 13,54 cm/plant,and OSSK 644 has 10,68 cm/plant, and the attack intensity was in the same time over90% in those hybrids. Three years trials showed that if attack intensity was under 40%,the greatest length of damage on corn stalk was in average 1,58 cm. If the intensity ofattack was over 50%, the average length of damage on the corn stalk was 5,78 cm/plant.Significant positive correlation occurred between intensity of attack and length of damage(r=0,80-0,99). All hybrids used in this trials showed tolerance to ECB and reachedsatisfying results.Presented on:VII European Congres of EntomologyThessaloniki, Greece, 7 -13 october 2002Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija IvezićProject No. 0079024487
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P -470LARVAL TUNNELING OF EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinianubilalis Hübner) ON OS CORN HYBRIDESRaspudić, E.; Ivezić, M.; Brmež, M.Faculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, CroatiaEuropean Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) is one of the major pests of corn inCroatia. Selection of OS corn hybrids has tradition of more than 120 years. Manyvaluable material has create and today is sown on wide areas in Croatia. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate the tolerance of some OS hybrids against this pest. Field trialswere conducted during three years (1999-2001) on two localities. Five OS corn hybridswere evaluated: OSSK 247; OSSK 332; OSSK 444; OSSK 552 and OSSK 644.Dissection of corn stalk was done during harvest period. Intensity of attack of ECB (%)was determined, as well as position and length of damage (cm/plant), and grain yield(t/ha). Average intensity of attack caused by ECB during three years of investigation was34,2%. The lowest attack intensity were determined in 2000 with the average of 9,6%,and the greatest was in 2001 with the average value of 60,9%. Length of damages oncorn stalk was least in 2000 when average damage was 0,48 cm/plant, while in 2001year, 5,46 cm/plant were damaged. In 1999 when attack intensity was 34,2%, the lengthof damage on the stalk was 0,95 cm/plant. The greatest length of damage on hybridswere recorded in 2001, when hybrid OSSK 444 has damage of 16,62 cm/plant, OSSK552 has 13,54 cm/plant, and OSSK 644 has 10,68 cm/plant, and the attack intensity wasin the same time over 90% in those hybrids. Three years trials showed that if attackintensity was under 40%, the greatest length of damage on corn stalk was in average1,58 cm. If the intensity of attack was over 50%, the average length of damage on thecorn stalk was 5,78 cm/plant. Significant positive correlation occurred between intensityof attack and length of damage (r=0,80-0,99). Some of the hybrids showed tolerance toECB and reached satisfying results.Presented on:6 th Slovenian conference on plant protectionZreče, Slovenia, 4 -6 March, 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija IvezićProject No. 0079024488
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 471INFLUENCE OF BLANCHING PROCEDURE AND OIL ORIGIN ONTHE FRIED POTATO FAT UPTAKESuzana Rimac Brnčić, Vesna Lelas, Desanka RadeFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaVegetables are an important source of essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals anddietary fibres. They are alsolow in fat and calories making them ideal as snack foodingredient. Potato is often used as snack oil-fried product.The oil content of such products(above 35%) from a health perspective, is too high. Health –conscious consumersexpected from snack food industry to seek ways to reduce the fat content of oil-friedproducts.The quality of the fried products depend not only on frying conditions andproduct and oil characteristics, but also on the other parameters like chemical compoundaddition, osmotic pretreatments, blanching procedure and others. Our objective was todevelop a treatment for potato strips, which would decrease the fat level in fried potato.Therefore various blanching procedure and frying oils were investigated. Blanching werecarried out (i) in water, (ii) in 1% water solution of citric acid and (iii) in 0.5% watersolution of CaCl 2 at temperature 85°C for 6 min. Frying oils were sunflower oil, vegetableoil and palm oil. The results of investigations have shown that oil origin had no significanteffect on the fat uptake. Blanching procedure in solutions containing citric acid or CaCl 2before frying contributed to reducing of fat absorption. The best results were obtained forthe process where blanching in 0.5 % aqueous solution of CaCl 2 was carried out.Presented on:CEFood Congress,Ljubljana, Slovenia, 22-25.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vesna LelasProject No. 0058021489
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 472OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF POTATO STRIPS FRIED IN VARIOUSOILSSuzana Rimac Brnčić, Vesna Lelas, Desanka RadeFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaDeep fat frying is one of the oldest processes of food preparation. It is widely used by thefood industry and consumers. French fried potatoes represent one of the major items inthe food market either as a processed product or as a frozen par-fried. During the frying,physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of the potato are modified.In this work the effect of sunflower oil, vegetable oil as well as palm oil on the oxidativestability of frozen potato strips during 60 days storage was studied. The oil absorbed intofried potato strips was extracted and analyzed for peroxide value and amount of free fattyacid. The results have shown better stability of palm oil whereas sunflower oil exhibitedthe higher oxidation rate.Frying oil stability measured by fatty acid composition, peroxide value, anisidine valueand polar components showed that palm oil was superior to sunflower and vegetable oilin frying perfomance in resistance to termooxidation. In this work also the influence ofprefrying treatment (blanching in various solution) and various carboxy methylcellulose(CMC) coatings addition on sensory properties of fried potato was studied.The results of sensory evaluation after frying have shown that the kind of oil hadsignificant influence (p
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 473MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOST IMPORTANTCROATIAN AUTOCHTHONOUS OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA L.)CULTIVARSJaksa ROSIN, Gabriela Vuletin Selak, Frane Strikic, Slavko PericaInstitute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, CroatiaThere are some 30 olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars in Croatia that are supposed to beautochthonous. Cultivar ‘Oblica’ predominates and represents some 75% of olivegenfund in Croatia. It is the only cultivar that is spread in all olive growing regions. Anumber of cultivars are of significant local importance, while the others can rarely befound in productive orchards. Several morphological characteristics of autochthonouscultivars that can be found in Croatian productive orchards were compared in thisresearch. Among them cultivar ‘Duzica’ is the only distinctly table cultivar. Cultivars‘Oblica’, ‘Simjaca’ and ‘Buharica’ have dual purpose, while the others (cultivars‘Levantinka’, ‘Lastovka’, ‘Drobnica’, ‘Buza’, ‘Istarska bjelica’, ‘Zutica’, ‘Mezanica’ and‘Karbuncela’) are used mostly for oil production. Tree characteristics were described, andinflorescence, leaf, fruit and stone samples were collected from the orchards situated allalong the Adriatic coast, from Istra region in the north to Dubrovnik area in the south ofCroatia. Obtained results indicate that there are significant differences among thecultivars within the observed characteristics.Presented on:5 th International Symposium on Olive Growing,Izmir, Turkey, 27 September – 2 October 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Slavko PericaProject No. 0091001491
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 474GRANZYME K (GrK) LEVELS IN PLASMA OF SEPTICPATIENTS: A POTENTIAL EARLY MARKER IN SEPSISM. Ruceic; L. Fast; G. Jay; Y.P. LimFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaGranzymes (Grs) belong to the family of granule associated serine proteases that areexpressed by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and Natural killer (NK)cells and play important role in target cell apoptosis. Recently, a number of additionalfunctions have been postulated for Grs. They can cleave a number of extracellular matrixproteins, and thus may facilitate migration of CTL and NK cells through extracellulartissues. Grs can also induce cytokine secretion and directly activate various cytokinessuggesting their involvement in inflammation responses. Although the pro-inflammatoryproperties of Grs have been described, the exact physiological substrate of granzymesremains uncertain.Our previous studies have demonstrated that a significant decrease of plasma level ofnatural serine proteases inhibitors (inter-alpha inhibitor proteins, IaIp) is found in septicpatients. Recently, IaIp have been identified as the physiological inhibitor of granzyme K(GrK). This has prompted us to hypothes<strong>iz</strong>e that GrK, as a protease, may also play a rolein pathogenesis of sepis. We have successfully generated and character<strong>iz</strong>ed rabbit anti-GrK polyclonal antibodies against a peptide sequence unique for GrK and developed animmunoassay for detection of GrK levels in plasma. The developed assay was highlysensitive and reproducible with a detection range of 15-1000 U/mL. GrK levels wereevaluated in healthy controls and in patients with sepsis. Plasma from two patient groupswere collected: patients enrolled in the septic clinical trial (CT) and septic patientsadmitted in the Emergency Department (ED). The latter group represents patients withthe early stage of sepsis when the diagnosis was established at the time of admission.While we confirmed that IaIp level in all septic patients were significantly lower than inhealthy controls, GrK levels were found significantly higher in ED patients (mean ± SD =1378 ± 189 U/mL, n=15) and significantly lower in CT patients (157 ± 19 U/mL, n=10)compared to healthy controls (747 ± 75 U/mL, n=15). The differences between the septicgroups (p
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 475PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GRANZYME K FROMHUMAN IL-2 ACTIVATED CELL LINEM. Rucevic, L. Fast, D. Josic, Y-P. LimFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaHuman cytotoxic cells such as natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)mediate their function by exocytosis of granules. These cytotoxic granules have beenshown to contain a poreforming protein, perforin and 5 serine proteases calledgranzymes (A, B, K, H and M) among other proteins. The structure and function ofgranzyme A and B have been extensively character<strong>iz</strong>ed but little work has been done onthe remaining granzymes. The ability to purify native and catalitically active forms ofgranzyme K (GrK) will facilitate further study of its physiological role, since it has beenrecently shown in our laboratory that GrK may play important role in inflammatoryresponses such as sepsis .In order to identify and character<strong>iz</strong>e GrK, we successfully developed polyclonalantibodies against peptide sequence unique for GrK. The specificity of the antibody wasdemonstrated by its reactivity against human recombinant GrK (rGrK) in Western blot. Inthis study, GrK was partially purified from cytotoxic granules obtained from the human IL-2 activated NK cell line (92 MI). These granules were isolated following disrupting thecells by differential gradient centrifugation and subsequent extraction with hypotonicdetergent containing buffer followed by buffer containing high salt (salt extract).The protein of expected s<strong>iz</strong>e was enriched in the salt extract and was further analyzed byWestern blot and for its biological activity by cleaving synthetic substrate BLT (Z-Arg-Sbzl).Western blot analysis of the salt extract using affinity purified antibody and commerciallyavailable monoclonal antibody against human rGrK, revealed a specific bandcorresponding in s<strong>iz</strong>e to GrK (28 kDa). In the BLT activity assay, the most activity of GrKwas found in the salt extract. Recently, the 28 kDa protein together with several proteinsof higher molecular s<strong>iz</strong>e were detected by these antibodies in the culture mediasuggesting that different forms of GrK may be secreted by growing cells in vitro.Current efforts are focused on further development of efficient purification strategy forGrK from biological sources.Presented on:ISPPP, 24 th International Symphosium on the Separation of Proteins , Peptides andPolynucleotidesAachen, Germany, 19-22 October 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Branko TripaloProject No. 0058007493
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 476INFLUENCE OF SOIL TYPE ON PEDUNCULED OAK (QUERCUSROBUR L.) NUTRITIONSeletković I.; Potočić N.Forest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, CroatiaIntroduction:Peduncled oak (Quercus robur L.) represents the most valuable and mostimportant species of forest trees in Croatia. With the practice of natural regeneration theforest soil is preserved as the most perfect and important part of the ecosystem, which byits physical and chemical properties differs from soils outside the forest. This paper,therefore, compares the concentrations of biogenic elements both in soil and in plantmaterial of peduncled oak stands, established on the principle of natural reforestation,with the stands directly planted on the out-of-forest areas.Material and Methods: The analysis of elements content required sample drying, grindingand wet digestion. N was determined by the Kjeldahl method, P was determined throughUV/VIS spectrophotometer, K through flame photometer and Ca and Mg by AASaccording to AOAC (1996). Chemical analyses of soil included determination of pH inwater and 1M KCl, total carbonate, carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate and ammonia forms ornitrogen and physiologically active P and K.Results and Conclusions: Concentrations and values for the aforementioned elementsand parameters are presented through the whole vegetation period at two differentdepths of sampling for both stand types. The paper also presents the cycling changes inthe concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium infoliage throughout the whole of the vegetation period for naturally and artificially raisedstands. On the basis of the results of the analysed plant material a cycling trend ofconcentrations of particular elements becomes evident. Thus, the concentrations ofnitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are highest at the beginning of the vegetationperiod, but show a gradual decline towards the end of the vegetation period. During thevegetation period concentrations of calcium in foliage gradually increased. By means ofregression analysis, correlation was determined between some analysed variables..Average biomass of the above-ground part of peduncled oak tree in natural standsamounted to 24.36 kg, and in the cultures 21.16 kg.. Furthermore, it has been determinedthat the nutrient concentrations in oak foliage fall into the class of optimal supply, on thebasis of which it can be concluded that the state of nutrition of both stands is satisfactoryregardless of the manner of origin. However, biomass of a mean stand tree of naturallycultivated peduncled oak stands, indicates the greater productive possibility of preservedforest soils.Presented on:14. FESPB CongressKrakovo, Poland, 23-27. 08 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Stevo OrlićProject No. 0024002494
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 477DISTRIBUTION OF HAPLOTYPES OF WHITE OAKS IN CENTRALBALKANSSlade, Danko; Ducousso, Alexis; Gračan, Joso; Petit, RemyForest Research Institute, Jastrebarsko, CroatiaCp DNA of white oaks from coastal Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro,Kosovo region, FYR of Macedonia and Albania were analysed with the same methodsthat were used in a previous survey of European oaks. Haplotypes characteristic forBalkan refugium were found, including haplotypes from Apeninic peninsula. Theregeographical distribution helped fill an important gap in the knowledge of postglacialmigration of oaks in Europe.Presented on:DYGEN conference (Dinamics and Conservation of Genetic Diversity in ForestEcosystems)Strasbourg, France, 02-05.12.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc.Joso GračanProject No. 0024001495
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 478APRICOT GROWTH AND FERTILITY IN HIGH DENSITY ORCHARDSFrane Strikic, Mira Radunic, Jaksa RosinInstitute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Split, CroatiaAlthough there is no more intensive apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivation in the areaof Middle Dalmatia climatic conditions of this agriecologic area enable its cultivation andsuccessful production.In earlier researches two local unidentified cultivars were separated on the basis of thephenotype characteristics and planted together with already known cultivars Aurora andOrange red in comparative experiment in 2000. on Fereley-Jaspi rootstock.Research aim was to establish vegetative growth and fertility of local cultivars comparingto cultivars Aurora and Orange red in high density orchard.Research results indicate significant differences in growth and fertility between localcultivars and cultivars Aurora and Orange red.Presented on:8 th International Symposium on Integrating Canopy, Rootstock and EnvironmentalPhysiology in Orchard SystemsBudapest, Hungary, 13 – 18 June 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Slavko PericaProject No. 0091001496
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 479PALINDROMES: REQUIRED BUT RISKYIvan-Kresimir Svetec, Berislav Lisnic, Zoran ZgagaFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaGenomes of many organisms, especially higher eukaryotes, are known to contain asignificant proportion of repeated sequences. Inverted repeats present a special class ofrepeated sequences due their ability to form intrastrand base pairs creating secondarystructures known as hairpins and cruciforms. Although such motifs are frequently found incis-acting genetic elements, they can also promote genomic instability in differentorganisms, from bacteria to humans. For example, in the yeast Saccharomycescerevisiae it was shown that a palindrome (perfect head-to-head inverted repeat) formedby two 1.0-kb-inverted repeats can stimulate recombination in the adjacent region up to17,000-fold. Instability of palindromes is generally connected with their ability to formcruciforms, which either block the progression of DNA replication or are recogn<strong>iz</strong>ed andtransformed into double-stranded brakes by a cruciform-cutting endonuclease.In our previous work we investigated the influence of a 102 bp palindrome inserted in theyeast CYC1 region on plasmid integration into the yeast genome. Palindromic sequencehad strong influence on the spectrum of recombination events revealed by Southern blotanalysis of transformants, but integration was stimulated only if the palindromic insertionwas present both in the plasmid and in the chromosomal copy of the CYC1 gene.Here we decided to study the influence of palindromes on intrachromosomal "pop-out"recombination. For this purpose we constructed several isogenic yeast strains containingtwo directly repeated CYC1 regions separated by intervening sequence bearing the yeastURA3 gene. Palindromes of different s<strong>iz</strong>es were inserted either within the interveningsequence (up to 112 bp) or within one copy of the CYC1 region (up to 110 bp). Eachstrain was grown to the stationary phase in the minimal supplemented medium withouturacil and pop-out recombinants were selected as uracil auxotrophs on the agar platescontaining 5-fluoro-orotic acid. The presence of palindromes longer then approximately50 bp stimulated recombination and with the longest palindromes used (in either location)the rate of pop-out recombination was increased 4-fold. Molecular analysis of pop-outrecombinants revealed a striking difference between the strains containing palindromicand non-palindromic (control strain) insertions. In the strain containing the palindrome,only 1 out of 80 uracile auxotrophs retained the insertion in the CYC1 region, while incontrol strain the insertion was detected in 18 out of 60 recombinants. We alsodetermined the number of perfect palindromes in the Saccharomyces cerevisiaechromosomes and we found that the short palindromes (4 to 8 bp) are underrepresented,while the palindromes longer than 12 bp are over represented. However, in accordancewith our results, the largest palindrome found was 44-bp-long and it is placed on theyeast chromosome 4.Presented on:EMBO Lecture Course on New Developments in Genomics for BiomedicineBrde Estate, Slovenia, April 8.- 13. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Zoran ZgagaProject No. 0058014497
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 480DIETARY HABITS AND EXERCISING IN CROATIAN UNIVERSITYSTUDENTSZ. Šatalić, I. Colić Barić, I. Keser, Ž. LukešićFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaHealth experts recommend merging a healthy diet and adequate physical activity into onebehavior. Physical wellness, including behaviors such as exercise and dietary habits isimportant to address during the years of education, as this time period is critical in thedevelopment of a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study was to determine if there existclustering of dietary habits and recreational physical activity in Croatian universitystudents. Specially designed self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire was used.Additional questions provided information on recreational physical activity. Body weightand body height were self-reported. Students from all five Croatian universities wereincluded (n=2421, what is 2,7% of all university students in Croatia). Mean age was 21.7± 3.34 years (mean ± SD). Results showed that Croatian university students on averagehave 2.8 hours of recreational physical activity per week, where significant difference wasobserved with regard to gender (4.3 and 1.5 hours per week in males and femalesrespectively). Recreational physical activity reported 46.0% of students. Hours per weekof recreational physical activity and Body Mass Index did not correlated significantly(r=0.15); significant correlation was observed for hours per week of recreational physicalactivity and body weight (r=0.24, p
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 481MYCOLOGICAL AND MYCOTOXICOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONSDURING MICROMALTING PROCESS OF BARLEYŠkrinjar, M.; Grujić, O.; Peijn, J.; Krstanović, V.; Kocić, S..Faculty of Food Technology, University of Osijek, CroatiaThe undertaken investigations included mycological and mycotoxicological analyses ofraw materials (unsorted barley, first class barley), semi-products (green malt, dried malt)and final products (malt), for brewing indutry. water samples used for barley steepingwere also analyzed after first, second and third day of steeping. Mycological analysisincluded determination of the total count of moulds in 1g/mL of sample, following byisolation and identification of mould species, while the mycotoxicological analysis enabledqualitative and quantitative determination of aflatoxins B1 (AB) and G1 (AG1), ochratoxinA (OA) and zearalenone (ZEA). Determination of the total count of moulds per 1g ofbarley before and after germination, as well as malt was carried out by grains disposal(10) directly to Saubourd maltose agar (SMA) with the addition of antibiotics (1 mL 1%chloramphenicol and 1mL 1% oxytetracyclin/100 ML of medium), while in 1mL of waterafter steeping it was determined by the application of the standard Koch's method.Mycotoxicological analyses were carried out by TLC method according to the A.O.A.C.regulations. Experiments were done under laboratory conditions in two replications.Average count of moulds per 1g of unsorted barleybefore malting process was 2.5×10 2 .After first day of steeping 3.7×10 2 after second day 5.6×10 2 and afteer third day ofsteeping 2.1×10 3 . First class barley contained 2.6×10 2 of moulds per 1g while after firstday of steeping this value was 3.5×10 2 , second day of steeping 4.1×10 2 and after thirddays 1.4×10 3 . In 1 mL of water sample taken from steeping vessel before process ofmalting the number of moulds was 81.5, after first day of steeping 1.0×10 2 , after secondday 2.8×10 2 , and after third day of barley steeping 1.2×10 4 . After germination the totalcount of mouldds per 1g of sample varried from 3.6×10 5 . (unsorted barley) to 5.6×10 5(first class barley). In 1g of malt with roots total count of moulds varied from 8.7×10 4(produced from unsorted barley) to 2.5×10 4 (produced from first class barley). In malttotal mould count was closly the same and ranged from 3.4×10 4 (produced from unsortedbarley) up to 2.4×10 4 (produced from first class barley) per 1g of sample. Between 65 and80% of moulds isolated from barley were from group Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Aftersteeping their share in mycopopulations increased and amounted about 90-95%. Duringthe third day of steeping and during the period of germination significant presence ofPenicillium spacies was regisetred. In the course of malt drying Penicillium spp. and themoulds from Zygomycetes were regisetred again at high levels. None of the investigatedsamples was contaminated by AB1, AG1, OA, and ZEA.Presented on:1 st FEMS Congress of European MicrobiologistsLjubljana, Slovenia, 29.06.-03.07. 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Milena MandićProject No. 0113003499
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 482INHIBITION OF ENZYMATIC OXIDATION OF POLYPHENOLS ANDBROWNING OF PEAR JUICE AND CUT PEARSŠubarić, Drago; Miličević, Dijana; Pašalić, Hatidža;Šabanović, Mar<strong>iz</strong>ela; Babić, Jurislav; Aljić, MirnaPrehrambeno tehnološki fakultet Sveučilišta J.J.Strossmayer, Osijek, CroatiaTehnološki fakultet, Tuzla, Bosnia and HercegovinaPolifenoli predstavljaju važnu skupinu spojeva nazočnih u voću i povrću kao i upro<strong>iz</strong>vodima na bazi voća i povrća. Važni su za post<strong>iz</strong>anje arome i boje pro<strong>iz</strong>voda odvoća i povrća, a prema najnovijim istraživanjima, polifenolni spojevi imaju značajnu ulogupo ljudsko zdravlje. Meñutim, fenolne tvari mogu imati i negativan učinak, osobito kodpro<strong>iz</strong>voda od voća i povrća gdje mogu, u reakcijama enzimskog posmeñivanja,sudjelovati u tvorbi nepoželjnih taloga, odnosno žutih i smeñih pigmenata. Do navedenepojave dolazi pri preradi voća i povrća, gdje djelovanjem enzima polifenol-oksidaze,dolazi do oksidacije polifenola.Cilj ovog rada je istraživanje utjecaja askorbinske kiseline, kalijeva sorbata i 4-heksilrezorcinola na sprječavanje oksidacije polifenoja u soku krušaka te na sprječavanjepromjene boje svježe narezanih krušaka. Kao uzorci u radu su korištene kruške sorteWilliams i Abate Fetel kao kultivirane sorte te Kolačuša kao autohtona sorta s područjasjeveroistočne Bosne.Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je najbolji učinak na sprječavanje oksidacijepolifenola u soku kruške tijekom 24 sata imao 4-heksilrezorcinol, dok je nabolji učinak nasprječavanje promjene boje svježe narezanih krušaka imala obrada askorbinske kiselinete kalijeva sorbata.Presented on:II Simpozij poljoprivrede, veterinarstva, šumarstva i biotehnologije;Strategija razvoja domaće pro<strong>iz</strong>vodnje;Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegowina, 28.-30.09. 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vlasta PiližotaProject No. 0113001500
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 483THE INFLUENCE OF EMULSIFIERS AND TEMPERATURE ONRHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF CHOCOLATE MASSŠubarić, Drago; Piližota, Vlasta; Babić, Jurislav; Zagrajšek, GoranFaculty of Food Technology, University of J.J. Strossmayer Osijek, CroatiaChocolate mass consists of concentrated particulate suspension with cocoa butter as acontinuous phase, and dispersed phase which includes cocoa particles, sugar, nonfatmilk solids, and other ingredients such as emulsifiers and surfacants. In the case of milkchocolate, besides cocoa butter, continuous phase consists (include) of milk fat too. Therelative quantity of each of ingredients will affect flow properties, processing conditionsand final chocolate quality. In this work, the influence of different emulsifiers (lecithin andpolyglycerol polyricinoleate - PGPR), as well as mixture of mentioned emulsifiers, onrheological properties of the chocolate mass was observed. Also, the influence oftemperature (from 28 to 40 °C) on the rheological properties was observed. Therheological properties of chocolate were measured by rotational viscosimeter Rheotest 3in the shear rate range 0.599 s -1 to 145.76 s -1 . Casson model was applied to calculaterheological parameters. Addition of emulsifiers, lecitin and PGPR, in certain relativequantities and combinations had significant influence on chocolate mass properties.Lecitin had the higher influence on the Casson plastic viscosity (decrease), while thePGPR had higher influence on Casson yield stress. These results can be achieved byaddition of the certain mass fraction of the emulsifiers, above which the increase ofvalues of the rheological parameters occur.Presented on:Technology-Food-Nutrition-Health, CEFOOD Congress,Ljubljana, Slovenia, 22-25.09.2002.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vlasta PiližotaProject No. 0113001501
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 484SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS OF SELECTED CROATIAN HONEYSNedić Tiban, Nela; Kopjar, Mirela; Babić, Jurislav; Kenjerić, DanijelaFaculty of Food Technology, University of J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, CroatiaIn this study, honey samples of known botanical origin from different regions ofCroatia were investigated. The rheological properties and colour of four types ofhoney from acacia, chestnut, lime and sage were examined for their potential use ascharacter<strong>iz</strong>ation parameters. The rheological measurements of honey samples werecarried out on rotational viscometer over a certain range of temperatures (5 to 40°C). Viscosity was measured as a function of the shear rate. For all examined data,Newton's law of viscosity was found to adequately describe the flow behaviour ofhoney samples. The temperature effect on the viscosity followed an Arrhenius-typerelationship. Colour was estimated by tristimulus colorimeter CR 300, in CIE L*a*b*,LCh° and Hunter scale. Statistical analysis of data between mean values of Lparameters has shown significant difference in colour between selected types ofhoney (Fisher LSD test).Presented on:2 nd Central European Congress on Food (CEFood Congress 2004),Budapest, Hungary, 26.-28.04.2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Vlasta PiližotaProject No. 0113001502
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 485INFLUENCE OF INULIN ADDITION ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIESOF DOUGH AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF WHITE PAN BREADŽ. Ugarčić-Hardi; M. Jukić 1Faculty of Food Technology, University of J.J. Strossmayer, Osijek, CroatiaInulin is a fructooligosaccharide, natural soluble dietary fibre, found in differentvegetables, fruits and other plants, especially in artichoke and chicory-roots. Recently,inulin has been used more and more frequently in food processing because of its health,nutritional and technological benefits: prebiotic function with reference to its stimulatingeffect on Bifidobacteria growth, low energy value, sugar and fat substitute, textureimprover etc.The aim of this work was to examine the influence of inulin addition on the rheologicalproperties of dough and sensory properties of white pan bread. Inulin (Frutafit HD; 9monomer units of fructose) was used as a replacement for flour in a standard breadrecipe at levels of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%.Dough mixing properties were obtained with a Mixograph. Results showed that, with anincrease of inuline amount, prolongation of peak time and decrease in maximum height,angle and area under curve occurred. Sensory evaluation of white pan bread wasconducted to determine how much inulin could be incorporated into the bread recipewithout negative effects on sensory properties. Finally, the influence of inulin addition onreducing the rate of bread staling, during a seven-day period, was also examined.Hardness of bread crumb was measured with the Sur Penetrometer and moisturemigration from crumb to crust was observed but no argument for an inulin associatedantistaling effect was found.Presented on:12 th ICC Cereal & Bread CongressHarrogate, UK, May 23-26, 2004Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Žaneta Ugarčić-HardiProject No. 0113002503
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 486ENERGY SAVING IN SPRAY DRYING ROCESSDarko Velić, Mate Bilić, Srećko Tomas, Mirela PlaninićFaculty of Food Technology, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer of Osijek, CroatiaIn this work some possibilities to improve the conventional spray drying process usingprogramming in Excel as a calculation tool have been presented. The minim<strong>iz</strong>ation ofenergy consumption during the drying operation can be achieved by recycling exhaustair. The maximum theoretical range of recirculation is 60%. The fuel oil saving ratedepends linearly on the rate of recirculation, and the theoretical maximum fuel oil savingis approximately 14%. Ecological issues were also considered as well, since decreasedfuel consumption lowers harmful gas emission to the environment.Presented on:INTEGRATED SYSTEMS FOR AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTION – IN THE PROCESS OFEUROPEAN INTEGRATION - SIPA’03Timişoara, Romania, 20-22 November 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Srećko TomasProject No. 0113005504
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 487WEEDS AS INOCULUM SOURCE OF Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum.Vrandečić, K.; Ćosić, J.; Jurković, D.; Duvnjak, T.The Agricultural Institute, Osijek, CroatiaNumerous weed species could be alternative hosts for diseases of cultivated plants,among which fungi play an important role (Anikster 1982, Jenkinson and Parry 1994, Royat all. 1994, 1997). Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.), ragweed (Ambrosiaartemisiifolia L.) and rough cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) are very aggressiveweeds in arable crops such as soybean, sunflower, ma<strong>iz</strong>e and sugar beet. Velvetleaf,ragweed and rough cocklebur plants infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary(Sclerotinia stem rot, white mold) were recorded on several locations in eastern Croatiaduring 2001 and 2002. Symptoms on velvetleaf plants occured on basal stem parts aswell as on upper plant parts, fruits and seeds. Symptoms of white mold on ragweed andrough cocklebur plants occured only on stems. Isolates of S. sclerotiorum from diseasedweed plants were used as inoculum sources for pathogenicity tests on soybean andsunflower. Pathogenicity tests were done in laboratory and field conditions. Inoculatedplants were examined daily to record development of lesions, wilting and lodging. Onsunflower plants first lesions in field and laboratoy were recorded on the second day afterinoculation with isolates from velvetleaf and ragweed and on the thrid day afterinoculation with isolate from rough cocklebur. On soybean plants first symptoms inlaboratory were recorded on the second day and in the field on the fourth day afterinoculation with isolates from velvetleaf and ragweed. First lesions on soybean after fieldinoculation with isolate from rough cocklebur was recorded on the third day. Total numberof lodging plants showed that all examined isolates were more pathogenic on sunflowerthan on soybean. Occurence of white mold in velvetleaf, ragweed and rough cockleburcan increase inoculum density of S. sclerotiorum in soil.Presented on:6th Slovenian Conference on Plant Protection,Zreče, Slovenia, 4 – 6 March 2003.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija VratarićProject No. 0073005505
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 488WEEDS AS AN INOCULUM SOURCE OF PHOMOPSIS/DIAPORTHECOMPLEXVrandečić Karolina, D. Jurković, J. ĆosićFaculty of Agriculture, University of Osijek, CroatiaIntroduction According to available literature (Jackson et al., 2002, Roy et al., 1994), fungiof Phomopsis/Diaporthe genus are parasites of a larger number of weed species. In thisresearch, Phomopsis/Diaporthe was discovered only on Abutilon theophrasti Medik.Species of Phomopsis/Diaporthe genus that proved to be pathogenic to soybean are ofparticular importance. The Abutilon theophrasti plants infected with Phomopsis sojaeLeh., Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs. and Diaporthe phaseolorum (Cke et Ell) Sacc var.caulivora Athow et Caldwell (Dpc) were found on two locations in Eastern Croatia in 2001and 2002. Symptoms observed on stalks and side-branches were similar to symptomsthat occur on soybean plants. Material and methods Fungi of Phomopsis/Diaporthecomplex were isolated from infected plants of Abutilon theophrasti. Pathogenicity test wasdone using the method of Vidić et al. (1995). Cultures of Phomopsis sojae andPhomopsis longicolla (P3, P4 and P6 isolates), being 2 weeks old, and cultures ofDiaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora, being 4 weeks old, each grown on PDA medium(pH 4,5), were used for inoculation. Substrate with mycelium and pycnidia of speciesPhomopsis longicolla and Phomopsis sojae, and perithecia with ascospores of Diaporthephaseolorum var. caulivora were chopped up in 100 ml of sterile water. Soybean seedswere kept in the suspension of conidia and mycelium for 24 hours, and then transferredto boxes covered with wet filter paper. They were kept at a room temperature of about 25ºC. After seven days, length of germs and length of germ necrosis were measured andthe number of healthy and rotten grains was determined. In the control experiment thesame procedure was repeated, but instead of the suspension of inoculate, seeds werekept in sterile water. Experiment was repeated 4 times, with 25 grains in each box.Research results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA, LSD. Results Measurementsproved that the Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora isolate did not affect the germlength. The LSD test confirmed that germs of control experiment belonged to the samegroup. The Phomopsis sojae and Phomopsis longicolla isolates had statistically highlysignificant influence on the germ length (P
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Discussion and conclusion Results of conducted experiments showed that the isolates ofPhomopsis species with Abutilon theophrasti are pathogenic to soybean and present avaluable source of inoculum to soybean. These results are in accordance with researchresults of other authors (Hepperly et al. 1980, Roy et al. 1997). There are differences inthe pathogenicity among isolates of Phomopsis longicolla species. Diaporthephaseolorum var. caulivora isolate did not have statistically significant effect on the germlength and on the number of rotten grains.Presented on:VIII ESA CongresCopenhagen, Denmark, 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Draženka JurkovićProject No. 0079010507
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 489ADVANCE IN SOYBEAN LINES DEVELOPMENT FOR CONDITIONSOF THE EASTERN CROATIAVratarić, M.; Sudarić, A.; Duvnjak, T.The Agricultural Institute, Osijek, CroatiaThe evaluation of agronomic values of new developed soybean elite breeding lines incomparative tests with check cultivars over wide range of environments are indicator ofachieved genetic advance within the breeding program. The improving of genetic basishas significantly contributed to improvement of cultivars, respectively. In this paper will begiven the results of testing new developed soybean elite breeding lines in comparisonwith check cultivars through analysis of level and stability of grain yield, protein and oilcontent in grain, as well as their adaptability and tolerance on principal soybean diseases.The researches were conducted during three-year period (2000-2002) at theexperimental field of The Agricultural Institute Osijek (Croatia) and involved three set ofsoybean genotypes (lines and checks) depending of maturity group (MG): Set1- MG 0,Set 2 – MG I and Set 3 – MG II. The tested promising lines has developed from differenthybrid<strong>iz</strong>ations within the soybean breeding program at the Institute and derived frompreviously cycle of selection on the basis of their performances. Checks are releasedcultivars of Institute that have grown in commercial production in Croatia. The trials weredesign as random<strong>iz</strong>ed complete block with 3 replicates. The occurrence and intensity ofprincipal soybean diseases were determined during researches: downy mildew(Peronospora manshurica) at R2 stage and pod and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorumvar. sojae), stem canker (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora) and Sclerotinia stem rot(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) at R8 stage. Diseases intensity was evaluated visually at fieldand recorded on a 1 to 9 scale. Detection and identification of pathogen presence wasevaluated on laboratory using standard phytopatological methods with biomolecularmethod for pathogens from Diaporthe/Phomopsis Complex. The obtained results ofbiometrical analysis in these study showed that the most tested elite breeding lines hadsignificantly higher grain yield, protein and oil content in relation on check in MG 0, I andII. Additionally, many tested promising lines, except high-yielding and good grain quality,also had good stability in analyzed traits, wide general adaptability and high tolerance tomajor pathogens affecting soybean production in our country. In general, these dataindicate on achieved genetic advance in grain yield, grain quality and tolerance onprincipal soybean diseases within our breeding program. Also, the best new developmentelite breeding lines make good genetic background for further improving of soybeanproduction in our country as well as for further genetic advance in soybean germplasm.Presented on:World Soybean Research Conference VII.,Fos do Iguassu, Brasil. February 29 - March 5 2004Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija VratarićProject No. 0073005508
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 490SOYBEAN BREEDING PROGRAM AT THE AGRICULTURALINSTITUTE OSIJEK (CROATIA): ACHIEVEMENTS ANDCHALLENGESVratarić, M.; Sudarić, A.; Duvnjak, T.; Sudar, R.; Šimić, B.The agricultural institute, Osijek, CroatiaSoybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), a “Wonder crop” of 20 th Century, is a major source ofvegetable oil and protein in the world. Current world soybean area is about 83.6 millionhectare with the average grain yield of 2.3 t/ha (FAO STAT, 2004). In the Republic ofCroatia, soybean production has had a positive trend both in surfaces and unitary yields,particularly through last five years. Hor<strong>iz</strong>ontal expansion of soybean as crop and yieldincreasing resulted from improved cultivars as well as advances in cultural practices andgeneral management, respectively. The contribution of the soybean breeding program atthe Agricultural Institute Osijek to the development, stability and improvement of soybeanproduction in Croatia has been fundamental and very significant as it has permanentlydeveloped high-yielding cultivars with genetic yield potential of 5-6 t/ha, satisfactory grainquality (protein and oil) and high tolerance to the principal diseases, as well as resistanceon lodging and shattering. Besides yield level, cultivars ought to have good yield stabilityand adaptability to different agroecological conditions of production, too. The geneticimprovement has been accomplished through the use of conventional breeding methodsand outlines valid for self-pollinated crops such as soybean. Domestic and foreigngenotypes have used as parental components in hybrid<strong>iz</strong>ation programs. The PedigreeMethod and Single Seed Descent Method as well as combinations of these methods areapplied to the inbreed generation (F 2 -F 5 ) for population improvement towardhomozygosity. Homozygosity has tested in preliminary tests with parents and thenselected lines have tested in the exact experiments with the standard cultivars into theparticular maturity group over different environment. The main testing in a part of thebreeding program is done on the grain yield and grain quality (protein content, quantityand quality of oil). Also, the testing contains and other important production traits. In theframe of the breeding program has initiated by application of molecular markers fordetermination genetic diversity as well as detection of fungi pathotypes. The result ofprevious work on soybean breeding is 31 cultivars in the frame of 00 and II maturity groupwhich are released to the Institute (2 cultivars are released in Hungary) in a period from1976 to 2003. These cultivars sow on large areas in the wide production (at present,about 10 Institute's cultivars cover more than 60% of total area under soybean in Croatia)and significantly contribute to the increasing and improving of soybean production in thecountry. Further genetic improvement of soybean cultivars will be able by the applicationof conventional and molecular breeding tools.Presented on:EUCARPIA XVII General CongresTulln, Austria. 8-11 September, 2004.Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Marija VratarićProject No. 0073005509
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 491EFFECT OF GROWTH RETARDANT TO FLOWERING PERENNIALSGenus Aster IN CULTIVATION AS POT PLANTI. Vrsek 1 ; S. Morić 1 ; M. Bujan 21Department of Ornamental Plants, Landscape Architecture and History of Garden Art2Department of ChemistryFaculty of Agriculture University of Zagreb, CroatiaThe influence of growth retardants on growth and flowering of Aster novi-belgii and Asternovae-angliae perennials, grown as pot-flowers, has been researched during threevegetational seasons. The plants were treated with the retardant only once, inconcentration of 0,2% and 0,4%, the second week after they had been planted into pots.The measured plant height, diameter, and the number of buds and heads were used toevaluate the potential of the variety as a flowering pot-plant. By conducting an analysis atthe end of the experiment, a significant difference has been determined between thecontrol and the variant treated with 0,4% concentration of the growth retardant with bothexamined varieties. The application of the growth retardant didn’t have any significanteffect on the plant diameter.The average number of buds was significantly greater when the growth retardant wasused, ranging from 32,4 to 35,7%, compared to the control. Statistically significantdifference was determined with Aster novi-belgii variety between variants treated with0,4% concentration, while with Aster novae-angliae variety there was no significantdifference.Presented on:18 th International Conference on Plant Growth SubstancesCanberra, Australia, 20 – 24 September 2004.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Ines VršekProject No. 0178086510
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 492ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ARTIFICIALLAKES IN PUBLIC GREEN AREASI. Vršek, K. Karlović, S. Morić, V. Židovec, D. FranićFaculty of Agriculture, University of ZagrebDepartment of Ornamental Plants and Landscape Architecture, CroatiaZagreb, a capital city with about one million inhabitants, is situated between the riverSava and the Zagrebačka Gora mountain. In areas that represent the remains of an oldriver watercourse together with its small backwater channels and deserted gravel pits,artificial lakes now stand, representing the remaining natural green oases in the townitself. The richness of the flora and fauna that is typical of the rivers in these areas hasbeen conserved, its attraction and specific value adding to the possibility of takingrecreation in a natural setting. The preservation of woods, wood sides, hedgerows,meadows, pastures, rocky and marshy biotopes and the incorporation of indigenousvegetation in the landscaping of public green areas is of crucial importance. Existing partsof biotopes near water, such as open water areas, coastal vegetation, little islands,shrubberies, and nearby woodlands, demand careful attention and manipulation so thatthe requirements for nature conservation and for peoples’ needs for recreation arerespected. In this paper, the current state of different biotopes in two artificial lakes nearthe river Sava will be presented as well as an inventory of several valuable plantassociations and some maintenance measures that are being carried out.Presented on:International conference on horticultureWädenswil, Sw<strong>iz</strong>erland, 02.09. - 10.09.2002.Principal Investigator: Dr.sc. Ines VršekProject No. 0178086511
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.P - 493SIZE-DEPENDENT PALINDROME-INDUCED INTRACHROMOSOMALRECOMBINATION IN YEASTZoran Zgaga, Berislav Lisnić, Ivan-Krešimir SvetecFaculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, CroatiaHomologous interactions between DNA repeats found in genomes of all organisms arepotential source of various genetic alterations. Closely spaced inverted repeats andpalindromes (inverted repeats without spacer DNA) present a special class of repeatedsequences since they can engage both in inter- and in intra-strand base-pairing creatingsecondary structures known as hairpins and cruciforms. Two types of models have beenproposed to explain palindrome-induced genomic instability, first that predicts frequenterrors during replication of DNA adopting secondary structures and second, requiring anenzymatic activity that transforms cruciforms and hairpins to recombinogenic lesions, likedouble-strand breaks (DSBs). Both types of models are supported by experimental dataand several genetic disorders can be explained by genetic instability of specificpalindromic and quasipalindromic sequences.Interestingly, short palindromes, quasipalindromes and inverted repeats are frequentlyfound in different important cis-acting genetic elements like operators, terminators ororigins of replication. Stimulation of recombination between inverted repeats was shownto be s<strong>iz</strong>e-dependent and we postulated that there could be some critical s<strong>iz</strong>e belowwhich a palindrome would not present a threat to the genomic integrity. In order to testthis hypothesis we developed a sensitive recombination assay that measures the loss ofthe URA3 gene placed between two directly repeated copies of the CYC1 region (1,7 kb)on the yeast chromosome V. Palindromic sequences of different s<strong>iz</strong>es (up to112 bp) wereinserted either within one copy of the CYC1 gene or within the vector sequenceseparating the repeats. For palindromes longer then 50 bp a s<strong>iz</strong>e-dependent increase inthe pop-out rate was observed regardless to their position in the construct. During popoutrecombination palindromic insertion present in the CYC1 gene was lost in 79/80 uracilauxotrophs examined. These results suggest that the palindromes longer then 40-50 bpcan be transformed in vivo to DSBs that are repaired by homologous recombination. Bysequence analysis we also found that the palindromes longer then 12 bp are highly overrepresented, but, in accordance with our data, the s<strong>iz</strong>e of the longest palindrome presentin the yeast genome is 44 bp.Presented on:Cinquieme Colloque des 3RPresqu'ile de Giens, France, 9 - 12 Juin 2003Principal Investigator : Dr.sc. Zoran ZgagaProject No. 0058014512
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.KAZALO PO ZNANSTVENIMNOVACIMAAbrashi, A. (238)Ambruš, D. (185), (186), (187), (354)Babić, J. (475), (500), (501), (502)Ban, D. (392)Barešić, J. (54), (83), (84), (85), (86), (131)(132)Barić, G. (208), (209), (331)Barudžija, U. (5), (6)Basan, R. (189), (190), (269)Basarić, N. (8)Bauer, B. (227), (263)Bauer, N. (7), (98), (99)Bertoša, B. ;(14), (15), (16)Betti, T. (378)Blažina, M. (17), (96)Bogdanović, T. (18), (19), (20)Bojanić, D. (21), (24)Bojanić, N. (22), (23)Boko, I. (197), (198), (306), (307), (308),(309), (310)Bolanča, T. (193), (194), (202), (203),(204), (205)Bradić, M. (393), (394)Brezak, D. (199), (200), (251), (252), (253),(254)Brmež, M. (395), (396), (397), (429), (486)(487), (488)Brnčić, M. (398), (399), (431), (432)Bucić, A. (476)Budić-Leto, I. (404)Bujević, D. (259)Bulić, N. (201), (347)Burić, Z. (25), (26), (27)Butković, K. (8)Caput-Mihalić, K. (25)Cetinić, I. (25), (26)Čehić, Z. (210), (280), (281), (330), (359)Čikeš-Keč, V. (156), (181)Čupić, T. (425), (479)Dabelić, S. (28), (31)Delimar, M. (304)Despalatović, M. (211 )Dorić, V. (213)Drgalić, I. (418), (419)Drvar, N. (214, )Dumičić, G. (403)Durgo, K. (420), (467)Duvnjak, T. (415), (421), (505), (508), (509)Džapo, H. (215 )ðakovac, T. (30), (44), (90), (147)ðermić, D. (33)ðugum, J. (422)Erceg, M. (216)Filipović, V. (34)Fistanić, I. (217), (218)Frančišković-Bilinski, S. (35), (37)Frece, J. (423), (442), (445)Frka, S. (82)Gašparić, I. (4), (67)Gaurina-Srček, V. (413), (424), (439), (440)Gligora, M. (43), (142), (143)Gluhak, T. (44)Gomzi, V. (45)Gottstein-Matočec, S. (46), (68), (104)Graovac, V.(47)Grgec-Bermanec, L. (379), (380)Grljušić, S. (425), (479)Grubić, T. (367)Grubišić, A. (342)Grudenić, I. (195)Gukov, I. (322)513
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Hasan, O. (117)Horvat, D. (430)Horvat, M. (50)Horvath, K. (9), (52)Hrženjak, P. (235)Hursa, A. (236)Husnjak, O.(93)Ivanković, V. (239), (262)Jakas, A. (55), (56)Jakovčić, K. (57)Jakobović, D. (240), (241)Jambrošić, K. (377)Jarak, I. (58)Jarak, T. (285), (340)Jelenković, L. (240), (241)Jelić, P. (283)Jović, F. (48), (49)Jukić, A. (242)Jukić, M. (503)Jurčević, I. (59), (60), (61)Jurišić, D. (243), (244), (245), (246), (247),(248), (295), (343)Kapetanović, D. (435)Karšaj, I. (249), (250), (341)Kasač, J. (199), (200), (251), (252), (253),(254)Katičić, I. (391)Kazazić, S. (66)Kenjerić, D. (414), (436), (438), (454)(456), (457), (458), (466),(469), (470), (471), (472), (502)Keran, Z. (255), (338), (351)Keser, I. (406), (410), (411), (498)Kljaković-Gašpić, Z. (69), (70)Kmetič, I. (413), (439), (440), (441)Knežević, Ž. (123)Koceva-Komlenič, D. (443)Kopjar, M. (475)Koražija, M. (444)Kovarik, Z. (29), (77), (78), (79), (80), (81),(165)Kožuh, S. (363)Krajnik, D. (239), (261), (262)Kralj, K. (143)Kraljić, M. (264), (265), (266)Kratofil, Lj. (234), (267), (268), (319), (372)Kraus, R. (17), (89), (90), (91)Krpan, K. (123)Krpan, M. (428)Krstanović, V. (447), (499)Kružić, P. (146)Kurtović, B. (448), (449)Kušić, H. (257), (258), (260), (273)Landek, D. (282)Landek, G. (42), (95)Lešćić, I. (100), (101)Lisnić, B. (497), (512)Lončarić-Božič, A. (286), (311), (373)Lovrenčić, I. (102)Lukač, J. (137)Ljubičić, M. (453), (477), (478)Maduna-Valkaj, K. (288), (289)Mandić, A. (290), (294)Maravić, G. (107)Marković, K. (428), (451), (452), (459)Marković, T. (62), (64), (109), (110), (111)Matečić-Mušanić, S. (292), (293), (325)(346)Matković, D. (428), (460)Miculinić, K. (108)Mijić, A. (446)Mikuška, A. (121)Milanović, A. (296), (297)Mileusnić, M. (32), (117), (122)Miličević, T. (461), (462)Mirosavljević, K. (124)Molnar, G. (298)514
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Morić, S. (510), (511)Moslavac-Forjan, D. (125)Mrkić, V. (416), (417), (464), (465)Mužic, A. (126), (127)Rajić-Linarić, M. (293), (325), (346)Regelja, M. (203), (204), (327)Rezić, I. (328)Rimac-Brnčić, S. (450), (489), (490)Rošin, J. (491), (496)Mužić, M. (188)Nakić, Z. (299), (300), (303), (305), (314)Nedić-Tiban, N. (475), (502)Nemet, I. (128), (175)Njegić, B. (129), (130)Opačić, V.T. (133), (134), (135), (139)Otmačić, H. (301), (344)Ožbolt, M. (302)Pajić, D. (136)Panić, N. (326), (349), (350), (371)Parlov, J. (300), (303), (305), (313), (314)Pavić, M. (97)Pavlinić, D. (430)Pavlović, H. (484)Pečar, O. (138)Peharda, D. (304)Pek, E. (195), (196)Pernek, M. (473)Peternel, I. (258), (260), (311), (373)Petrović, Ž. (141), (145)Pilaš, I. (474)Popijač, A. (44), (46), (114)Posavec, K. (300), (303), (313), (314), (315)Potočić, N (494)Pribanić, T. (316)Ptiček, A. (234), (268), (317), (318), (319),(372)Radan, D. (320)Radić, I. (146)Radić, S. (148), (149)Radić, T. (90), (92), (150)Radojčić, I. (390) (480), (481), (482), (484)Radošević, K. (485)515Ručević, M. (400), (401), (433), (492), (493)Rudan, S. (219), (220), (221), (335)Seletković, I. (494)Skazlić, M. (192)Skorzit, I. (356), (357)Slade, D. (426), (468), (495)Sobota, I. (190), (192), (333), (334)Stević, F. (53), (115)Sučević, M. (345)Sumina, D. (237), (347), (348)Sviderek, S. (228), (229), (230), (231),(233)Šantić, A. (158), (159), (160), (161)Šatalić, Z. (405), (406), (407), (408), (409),(410), (411), (498)Šestanović, S. (163), (164)Šimić, G. (431)Šimunović, T. (308), (309), (310)Šinko, G.(151), (152), (153), (165), (166),(167)Škorić, I. (8)Škunca, M. (255), (312), (338), (339), (351)Šparica, M. (41), (71), (116), (118), (119)(120), (168)Špoljarić, J. (3)Štimac, A. (352), (353), (354)Šušnjar, M. (427)Tafra, E. (75), (113)Tarbuk, A. (222), (223), (224), (225), (226)Telišman-Prtenjak, M. (169)Terzić, J. (65), (170)Tkalec, M. (76), (105), (106), (140), (171)(172), (173)
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Tomašić, N. (10), (11), (12), (13), (38),(40), (174)Tomšević, S. (355)Tončić, J. (412)Trkulja, B. (358)Tucak, M. (425), (479)Tuković, Ž. (362)Vasić, D. (185), (186), (187), (364), (365),(366)Velić, D. (476), (504)Vinceković, M. (402)V<strong>iz</strong>entin, G. (360), (361)Vogrin, Z. (368), (374)Vrandečić, K. (415), (434), (506)Vrankić, M. (369), (370)Vrsalović, L. (256)Vrsaljko, D. (284), (287)Vučković, K. (326), (349), (350), (371)Vujasinović, I. (177)Vujević, D. (373)Vuletić, T. (178), (179), (180)Vuletin-Selak, G. (491)Zmijarević, Z. (376)Zorica, B. (155), (156), (181)Žganec, K. (46)Žilić, T. (381)Žiljak, I. (382),(383), (384), (385)Žitko, B. (329)Županić, M. (473)516
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.KAZALO VODITELJA PROJEKATA*Abramić, M.; (3) 0098055 abramic@irb.hrAntonić, N.; (97) 0037101 martin@math.hrBabić, E.; (93) 0119260 ohusnjak@phy.hrBajza, Ž.; (188) 0125053 zbajza@marie.fkit.hrBan, D.; (389), (392) 0147003 drago.ban@fer.hrBarišić, D.; (102) 0098128 ivanka.lovrencic@irb.hrBermanec, V.; (10), (11), (12), (13), 0119420 vladimir.bermanec@jagor.srce.hr(38), (40), (174)Basrak, Z.; (4), (67), (157) 0098010 basrak@irb.hrBilinski, H.; (35), (37) 0098041 bilinski@irb.hrBjegović, D.; (192) 0082209 skazle@grad.hrBrečević, Lj.; (73), (74), (87), 0098061 brecevic@irb.hr(129)Brnić, J.; (210), (280), (281), (330), 0069006 josip.brnic@riteh.hr(359), (360), (361)Budin, L.; (195), (196), (240), 0036051 leo.budin@fer.hr(241), (296), (297)Bujan, M.; (402) 0178030 mbujan@agr.hrCerjan-Stefanović, Š.; (193), (194), 0125016 scerjan@fkit.hr(202), (203), (204),(205), (206), (207),(327), (375)Colić-Barić, I.; (405), (406), (407), 0058028 icolic@pbf.hr(408), (409), (410),(411), (498)Crneković, M.; (345) 0120002 mladen.crnekovic@fsb.hrĆosović, B.; (82) 0098122 cosovic@irb.hrDegobbis, D.; (17), (30), (44), (89), 0098111 degobbis@cim.irb.hr(90), (91), (92), (96),(103), (138), (147),(150)Domazet, Ž.; (212), (271), (272) 0023023 domazet@fesb.hrDuić, Lj.; (264), (265), (266) 0125010 lduic@fkit.hrErceg, G.; (201), (237), (347), (348) 0036026 damir.sumina@fer.hr* Navedene su e-mail adrese putem kojih smo primili radove517
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Essert, M.; (381) 0120056 messert@fsb.hrFiletin, T.; (282) 0120032 tomislav.filetin@fsb.hrFlögel-Mršić, M.; (28), (31), (107) 0006611 mfloegel@public.srce.hrFranekić-Čolić, J.; (420), (467) 0058013 jfran@pbf.hrGlamuzina, M.; (47) 0070001 v_grahovac@yahoo.comGojić, M.; (283) 0124005 gojic@simet.hrGračan, J.; (412), (426), (468), (495) 0024001 josog@sumins.hrGrancarić, A.-M.; (222), (223), (224), 0117012 amgranca@ttf.hr(225), (226), (328)Halamić, J.; (41), (50), (71), (116), 0181006 jhalamic@igi.hr(117), (118), (119),(120), (168)Hamzić, A.; (75), (113) 0119251 hamzic@sirius.phy.hrHaznadar, Z.; (358) 0036024 zijad.haznadar@fer.hrHebel, Z.; (304) 0036008 zdravko.hebel@fer.hrHerak, J.; (45), (144) 0006421 jaherak@pharma.hrHorvat, D.; (427) 0068112 horvat@sumfak.hrHorvat, Š.; (55), (56), (128), 0098054 shorvat@irb.hr(130), (132), (175)Horvatić, J.; (53), (115) 0122023 jhorvati@ffos.hrIlijevski, Ž.; (238) 0192006 zivko.ilijevski@hrbi.hrIvančan Picek, B.; (9), (52) 0004001 picek@cirus.dhz.hrIvančević, B.; (377) 0036023 bojan.ivancevic@fer.hrIvezić, M.; (395), (396), (397), (429), 0079024 imarija@pfos.hr(486), (487), (488)Jadrić, M.; (211) 0023021 despi@fesb.hrJanović, Z.; (242) 0125020 ajukic@fkit.hrJecić, S.; (214) 0120004 nenad.drvar@fsb.hrJelaska, S.; (7), (98), (99) 0119111 molbio@biol.pmf.hr518
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Jeren, B.; (369), (370) 0036028 branko.jeren@fer.hrJurković, D.; (415), (434), (506) 0079010 djurkov@pfos.hrJurković, Z.; (430) 0073009 zorica.jurkovic@poljinos.hrKajba, D.; (391) 0068102 davorin.kajba@biol.pmf.hrKaraminski-Zamola, G.; (58) 0125005 gzamola@fkit.hrKerovec, M.; (46), (68), (104), (114) 0119121 mkerovec@biol.pmf.hrKniewald, J.; (413), (424), (439), 0058010 jkniewal@pbf.hr(340), (441)Kniewald, Z.; (485) 0058001 zlatko.kniewald@pbf.hrKojić-Prodić, B.; (14), (15), (16), 0098036 kojic@irb.hr(100), (101)Koprivanac, N.; (257), (258), (259), 0125018 nkopri@marie.fkit.hr(260), (273), (286),(311), (373)Kovačić, T.; (216) 0011001 merceg@ktf-split.hrKovačević, V.; (234), (267), (268), 0125013 vkovac@fkit.hr(284), (287), (317), (318),(319), (372)Kralj, S.; (227), (263) 0120018 branko.bauer@fsb.hrKr<strong>iz</strong>manić, M.; (446) 0073006 miroslav.kr<strong>iz</strong>manic@poljinos.hrKrižan, B.; (189), (269) 0069019 robert.basan@riteh.hrKrolo, P.; (270) 0011009 dabic@ktf-split.hrKršinić, F.; (21), (22), (23), (24), 0001001 dbojanic@labdu.<strong>iz</strong>or.hr(69), (70), (163), (164)Lalić, A.; (430) 0073002 alojzije.lalic@poljinos.hrLelas, V.; (450), (489), (490) 0058021 vlelas@pbf.hrLovrić, J.; (320) 0224001 sanja@unidu.hrLjubičić, A.; (57) 0098011 kjakov@irb.hrMajerski, K.; (177) 0098052 majerski@irb.hrMalez, V.; (108) 0101018 kmicul@hazu.hr519
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Mandić, M.; (414), (437), (447), (454), 0113003 Milena.Mandic@ptfos.hr(455), (456), (457)(458),(466), (469), (470), (471),(472), (484), (499)Margeta, J.; (217), (218) 0083111 Jure.Margeta@gradst.hrMath, M.; (255), (312), (338), 0120006 miljenko.math@fsb.hr(339), (351)Matijašević, B.; (228), (229), (230),(231), (232), (233), (362)0120011 branimir.matijasevic@fsb.hrMayer, D.; (299), (300), (303), 0195029 dmayer@rgn.hr(305), (313), (314), (315)Metikoš-Huković, M.; (48), (49), (94), 0125011 eprebeg@fkit.hr(141), (145), (176)Mijat, N.; (243), (244), (245), (246),(247), (248), (249), (295), (343)0036003 neven.mijat@fer.hrMikuška, J.; (18), (19), (20), (59), 0122006 amikuska@ffos.hr(60), (61), (121)Miloš, M.; (436), (438), (463) 0011003 milos@ktf-split.hrMioč, B.; (393), (394) 0178065 mbradic@agr.hrMoguš-Milanković, A.; (158), (159), 0098027 mogus@ifb.hr(160), (161)Nothig-Laslo, V.; (124) 0098043 laso@irb.hrNovaković, B.; (199), (200), (251), 0120025 branko.novakovic@fsb.hr(252), (253), (254)Obad Ščitaroci, M.; (239), (261), (262) 0054029 mladen.scitaroci-obad@zg.htnet.hrObelić, B.; (54), (83), (84), (85), 0098014 Bogomil.Obelic@irb.hr(86), (131), (132),Opalić, M.; (326), (349), (350), (371) 0120009 kresimir.vuckovic@fsb.hrOrlić, M.; (97), (169) 0119330 orlic@irb.hrOrlić, S.; (473), (474), (494) 0024002 nenadp@sumins.hrPavičić, A.; (62), (64), (65), (109), 0181002 pavicic@igi.hr(110), (111), (137) (170)Pejnović, D.; (133), (134), (135), (139) 0119553 alukic@geog.pmf.hrPerica, S.; (403), (491), (496) 0091001 jelena@krs.hrPeroš, B.; (197), (198), (306), (307),(308), (309), (310)0083151 Ivica.Boko@gradst.hr520
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Pevalek-Kozlina, B.; (76), (105), 0119155 bpavalek@public.srce.hr(106), (140), (148),(149), (171), (172),(173)Piližota, V.; (475), (500-502) 0013001 Vlasta.Pil<strong>iz</strong>ota@ptfos.hrPlenković-Moraj, A.; (43), (142), (143) 0119146aplenk@biol.pmf.hrPollak, B.; (274), (275), (276), (277),(278), (279), (302), (318)0082221 laki@master.grad.hrPoljak, M.; (453), (477), (478) 0178002 mpoljak@agr.hrPopović, S.; (425), (479) 0073007 spopovic@poljinos.hrPožar-Domac A.; (146) 0119125 antonieta.pozar-domac@zg.htnet.hrRadić, J.; (290), (294), (321), (322),(323)0082219 jradic@grad.hrRadošević, J.; (256) 0011001 rjagoda@ktf-split.hrRaspor, B.; (34) 0098130 raspor@irb.hrRažem, D.; (123) 0098063 razem@irb.hrRogale, D.; (236) 0117003 dubravko.rogale@ttf.hrRoje, V.; (213) 0023009 vroje@fesb.hrSalaj-Šmic, E.; (33) 0098070; salaj@irb.hrSalopek, B.; (190), (191), (333), (334) 0195039bsalopek@rgn.hrSenjanović, I.; (219), (220), (221), 0120001 ivo.senjanovic@fsb.hr(335), (336), (355)Simeon, V.; (29), (77), (78), (79), 0022014 vesimeon@imi.hr(80), (81), (151), (152),(153), (165), (166), (167)Sinovčić, G.; (155), (156), (181) 0001003 sinovcic@<strong>iz</strong>or.hrSorić, J.; (249), (250), (285), 0120034 jurica.soric@fsb.hr(340), (341), (356), (357)Srzić, D.; (66) 0098032 dsrzic@irb.hrStankov, S.; (329), (342) 0177110 stankov@pmfst.hrStupnišek-Lisac, E.; (301), (344) 0125012 elisac@marie.fkit.hrSubotić, B.; (126), (127)0098060 subotic@irb.hr521
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Sućeska, M.; (292), (293), (325), (346) 0129007suceska@hrbi.hrŠercer, M.; (208), (209), (331) 0120035 mladen.sercer@fsb.hrŠindler, M.; (8) 0125004 marija.sindler@fkit.hrŠtefančić, G.; (368), (374) 0135004 gogas@fpz.hrŠtimac, T.; (187), (352), (353), (354), 0192011 alan.stimac@hrbi.hr(354)Šušković, J.; (423), (442), (445) 0058009 jsusko@pbf.hrTeskeredžić, E.; (435), (448), (449) 0098125 etesker@irb.hrTešnjak, S.; (337), (376) 0036046 zlatko.zmijarevic@fer.hrTišljar, J.; (5), (6), (32), (122) 0195034 jtisljar@rgn.hrTomas, S.; (476), (504) 0113005 srecko.tomas@irb.hrTomić, S.; (178), (179), (180) 0035015 stomic@ifs.hrTonković, S.; (185), (186), (187), 0036007 stanko.tonkovic@fer.hr(215), (316), (364),(365), (366)Tratnik, Lj.; (418), (419) 0058005 idrgalic@pbf.hrTripalo, B.; (398), (399), (400), (401), 0058007 branko.tripalo@pbf.hr(416), (417),(422), (431),(432), (433), (444), (464),(465), (492), (493)Ugarčić-Hardi, Ž.; (443), (503) 0113002 zaneta.ugarcic-hardi@ptfos.hrUnkić, F.; (363) 0124004 unkic@siscia.simet.hrVahčić, N.; (428), (451), (452), 0058018 nvahcic@pbf.hr(459), (460)Veža, I.; (367) 0023005 iveza@fesb.hrViličić, D.; (25), (26), (27), 0119144 dvilici@biol.pmf.hrVinković, V.; (42), (95), (125), (162) 0098051 vvink@irb.hrVorkapić-Furać, J.; (390), (480), (481), 0058024 jvfurac@pbf.hr(482), (483), (484)Vratarić, M.; (415), (421), (505), 0073005 marija.vrataric@poljinos.hr(508), (509)Vršek, I.; (510), (511) 0178086 smoric@agr.hrVučić, M.; (298) 0036029 mladen.vucic@fer.hr522
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.Vujec, S.; (235) 0195043 phrzen@rgn.hrZadro, K.; (136) 0199258 kzadro@phy.hrZgaga, Z.; (497), (512) 0058014 zgazo@pbf.hrZrnčević, S.; (288), (289) 0125001 szrnce@marie.fkit.hrZulim, I.; (378) 0023004 ivan.zulim@fesb.hrZv<strong>iz</strong>dić, D.; (379), (380) 0120028 davor.zv<strong>iz</strong>dic@fsb.hrŽiljak, V.; (382), (383), (384), (385) 0128009 FS@zg.tel.hr523
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.KAZALO ZEMALJA U KOJIMA SU PRIKAZANI POSTERIArgentina (225)Australija (462), (510)Austrija (3), (35), (58), (64), (71), (84), (107), (111), (116), (117), (132), (145), (174),(205), (218), (222), (233), (236), (254), (255), (272), (327), (328), (335), (338),(345), (358), (369), (381), (404), (509)Belgija (38), (443), (480), (483)Bosna i Hercegovina (76), (200), (227), (229), (351), (371), (426), (500)Brazil (10), (312), (508)Bugarska (16), (17), (19), (30), (91), (92), (121), (135), (150), (330)Češka (56), (93), (110), (177), (190), (191), (192), (286), (292), (293), (303),(314), (316), (325), (326), (346), (373), (377), (409), (419), (421),(428), (457), (470), (479)Čile (44), (81)Danska (58), (128), (175), (383), (385), (415), (450), (506)Demokratska Narodna Republika Koreja (197), (308),Estonija (155)Finska (441)Francuska (14), (45), (66), (74), (86), (97), (161), (216), (224), (264), (266), (282),(301), (318), (331), (347), (352), (355), (406), (436), (495), (512)Grčka (7), (105), (172), (173), (185), (219), (248), (256), (257), (265), (274), (278),(304), (320), (323), (333), (336), (357), (382), (413), (487), (498)Italija (11), (13),(23), (27), (29), (33), (49), (55),(73), (80), (87) (95), (109), (118), (118),(123), (130), (136), (154), (158), (160), (165), (170), (178), (186), (201), (215),(237), (261), (276), (289)(295), (302), (337), (348), (365), (366), (370), (376),(390), (393), (396), (402), (408), (410), (422), (437), (440), (444), (453),(456),(460), (464), (468), (469), (478), (481), (485)Izrael (243)Japan (290), (321)Južnoafrička Republika (57), (207), (228), (232), (259)Kanada (167), (198), (235), (244), (273), (294), (298), (309), (392), (425), (452), (477)Kanarski otoci (395)Kina (285), (340), (467)Mañarska (6), (25), (32), (43), (46), (106), (114), (143), (188), (199), (210), (234),(239), (240), (262), (275), (280), (281), (359), (360), (361), (398), (411),(414), (430), (438), (439), (454), (455), (466), (471), (484), (490), (496),(502)Makedonija (223)524
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.N<strong>iz</strong>ozemska (48), (67), (445)Njemačka (5), (40), (82), (94), (100), (124), (129), (144), (159), (176), (179), (203),(204), (251), (277), (332), (349), (380), (391), (400), (433), (474), (493)Norveška (220), (339), (449)Novi Zeland (54)Poljska (42), (149), (169), (171), (214), (226), (247), (252), (269), (334), (420), (434),(473), (475), (476), (494)Portugal (89), (212), (221), (241), (250), (268), (306), (319), (355), (407), (463)Rumunjska (20), (59), (60), (141), (329), (342), (458), (504)Rusija (157), (279)S.A.D. (9), (28), (34), (79), (98), (125), (187), (194), (195), (208), (209), (211), (246),(253), (258), (260), (284), (287), (311), (362), (372), (379), (401), (446), (492)Slovačka (50), (101), (142), (267), (283), (317), (322), (374), (397), (424), (442), (486)Slovenija (4), (15), (37), (41), (65), (69), (85), (99), (108), (119), (122), (126), (127),(137), (140), (148), (162), (163), (164), (193), (196), (202), (270), (296),(297), (299), (305), (307), (310), (313), (315), (341), (343), (353), (364),(368), (375), (389), (394), (405), (413), (418), (432), (435), (447), (451),(459), (465), (472), (488), (489), (497), (499), (501), (505)Srbija i Crna Gora (18), (53), (61), (115)Španjolska (8), (21), (22), (24), (70), (83), (90), (96), (102), (103), (131), (138), (139),(147), (156), (181), (217), (230), (249), (271), (344), (399), (403), (412),(448)Švedska (31), (77), (180)Švicarska (78), (151), (152), (153), (166), (384), (424), (429), (511)Tailand (245)Turska (189), (213), (461), (491)Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo (12), (47), (52), (68), (120), (134), (146), (168), (238), (350),(416), (417), (503)Ukrajina (242), (427)Zambija (231)525
PRVI KONGRES HRVATSKIH ZNANSTVENIKA IZ DOMOVINE I INOZEMSTVAZagreb - Vukovar, 15. - 19. studenog 2004.526
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